This is a list of people who have been said to be a messiah either by themselves, or by their followers. The list is divided into categories, which are sorted according to date of birth (where known). In Judaism, the Messiah (Hebrew: , Standard  Tiberian ; Aramaic: , ; Arabic: , ; the Anointed One) at first meant any person who was anointed with oil on rising to a certain position among the ancient Israelites, at first that of High priest, later that of King and also that of a prophet. ...

Jewish messiah claimants

Main article: Jewish messianic claimants. Note that for messiahs lacking articles, there may be more detail there.

The Jewish Messiah originally meant a divinely-appointed king; David, Cyrus the Great, and Alexander the Great^[1] are examples of such. Later, especially after the failure of Bar Kokhba's revolt, it came to represent a figure who would deliver the Jews from oppression and usher in a new world. This article presents an overview of various historically significant Jewish Messiah claimants. ... In Judaism and Jewish eschatology, the Messiah (Hebrew: משיח; Mashiah, Mashiach, or Moshiach, anointed [one]) is a term traditionally referring to a future Jewish king from the Davidic line who will be anointed (the meaning of the Hebrew word משיח) with holy anointing oil and inducted to rule the Jewish people during... This article is about the Biblical king of Israel. ... “Cyrus” redirects here. ... For the film of the same name, see Alexander the Great (1956 film). ... Combatants Roman Empire Jews of Iudaea Commanders Hadrian Simon Bar Kokhba Strength  ?  ? Casualties Unknown 580,000 Jews (mass civilian casualties), 50 fortified towns and 985 villages razed (per Cassius Dio). ...

• Simon (ca. 4 BC), a former slave of Herod the Great who rebelled.
• Athronges (ca. 3 BC)
• Judas of Galilee (?), son of Hezekiah/Ezekias, a member of the Zealots faction who led a bloody revolt against a Roman census in AD 6. (JA18)
• Jesus of Nazareth (ca. 4 BC - AD 30-?), a wandering prophet and teacher who was crucified by the Romans; Jews who believed him to be the Messiah were the first Christians, also known as Jewish Christians.
• Theudas (? - 46), who attempted a short-lived revolt against the Romans before being slain. (JA20.5.1)
• "Egyptian Prophet", c.55, (an allusion to Moses^{[citation needed]}), with 30,000 unarmed Jews doing The Exodus reenactment massacred by Procurator Antonius Felix (JW2.13.5, JA20.8.6, Acts 21:38)^[2]
• Menahem ben Judah (?), allegedly son of Judas of Galilee, partook in a revolt against Agrippa II before being slain by a rival Zealot leader.
• Vespasian, c.70, according to Josephus^[3]
• Simon bar Kokhba (?- ca. 135), founded a short-lived Jewish state before being defeated in the Second Jewish-Roman War.
• Moses of Crete (?), who in about 440-470, convinced the Jews of Crete to attempt to walk into the sea to return to Israel; he disappeared after that disaster.
• Ishak ben Ya'kub Obadiah Abu 'Isa al-Isfahani (684-705), who led a revolt in Persia against the Umayyad Caliph 'Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan.
  • Yudghan (?), a disciple of Abu 'Isa who continued the faith after Isa was slain.
• Serene (?), who around 720 claimed to be the Messiah and advocated expulsion of Muslims and relaxing various rabbinic laws before being arrested; he then recanted.
• David Alroy (?), born in Kurdistan, who around 1160 agitated against the caliph before being assassinated.
• Nissim ben Abraham (?), active around 1295.
• Moses Botarel of Cisneros (?), active around 1413; claimed to be a sorcerer able to combine the names of God.
• Asher Lemmlein (?), a German near Venice who proclaimed himself a forerunner of the Messiah in 1502.
• David Reubeni (1490-1541?) and Solomon Molcho (1500-1532), adventurers who travelled in Portugal, Italy, and Turkey; Molcho was eventually burned at the stake by the Pope.
• A mostly unknown Czech Jew from around the 1650s.^[4]
• Sabbatai Zevi (1626-1676), an Ottoman Jew who claimed to be the Messiah, but then converted to Islam; still has followers today in the Donmeh.
  • Barukhia Russo (Osman Baba), successor of Sabbatai Zevi.
  • Jacob Querido (?-1690), claimed to be the new incarnation of Sabbatai; later converted to Islam and led the Donmeh.
  • Miguel Cardoso (1630-1706), another successor of Sabbatai who claimed to be the "Messiah ben Ephraim."
  • Mordecai Mokia (1650-1729), "the Rebuker," another person who proclaimed himself Messiah after Sabbatai's death.
  • Löbele Prossnitz (?-1750), a proven fraud who nevertheless attained some following amongst former followers of Sabbatai, calling himself the "Messiah ben Joseph."
• Jacob Joseph Frank (1726-1791), who claimed to be the reincarnation of King David and preached a synthesis of Christianity and Judaism.
• Menachem Mendel Schneerson (1902-1994), a Chabad Rabbi who tried to "prepare the way" for the Messiah; some followers believe him to be the Messiah.

Herod the Great. ... Athronges was a leader of the Jews during the insurrection under Herod Archelaus. ... Judas of Galilee or Judas of Gamala led a violent resistance to a census imposed for Roman tax purposes by Quirinius in Iudaea Province around 6 CE. The revolt was crushed brutally by the Romans. ... Zealotry denotes zeal in excess, referring to cases where activism and ambition in relation to an ideology have become excessive to the point of being harmful to others, oneself, and ones own cause. ... The Census of Quirinius refers to the enrollment of the Roman Provinces of Syria and Iudaea for the purpose of taxation taken during the reign of the Roman Emperor Augustus when Publius Sulpicius Quirinius was appointed governor of Syria. ... This article concerns critical reconstructions of the Historical Jesus. ... Topics in Christianity Movements · Denominations · Other religions Ecumenism · Preaching · Prayer Music · Liturgy · Calendar Symbols · Art · Criticism Important figures Apostle Paul · Church Fathers Constantine · Athanasius · Augustine Anselm · Aquinas · Palamas · Luther Calvin · Wesley Arius · Marcion of Sinope Archbishop of Canterbury · Catholic Pope Coptic Pope · Ecumenical Patriarch Christianity Portal This box:      Christianity is... This article needs additional references or sources for verification. ... Theudas is also the name of a follower of Paul of Tarsus, who taught Valentinius, for more information, see Theudas (teacher of Valentinius) Theudas (Thoo duhs) Personal name meaning, gift of God. ... Marcus Antonius Felix (Felix in Greek: ο Φηλιξ, born between 5/10-?) was the ancient Rome procurator of Iudaea Province 52-60, in succession to Ventidius Cumanus. ... Agrippa II (AD 27–100), son of Agrippa I, and like him originally named Marcus Julius Agrippa. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Zealotry. ... Imperator Caesar Vespasianus Augustus (born November 17, 9, died June 23, 79), known originally as Titus Flavius Vespasianus and usually referred to in English as Vespasian, was emperor of Rome from 69 to 79. ... A fanciful representation of Flavius Josephus, in an engraving in William Whistons translation of his works Josephus (37 – sometime after 100 CE),[1] who became known, in his capacity as a Roman citizen, as Titus Flavius Josephus,[2] was a 1st-century Jewish historian and apologist of priestly and... Simon bar Kokhba (Hebrew: שמעון בר כוכבא, also transliterated as Bar Kokhva or Bar Kochba) was the Jewish leader who led what is known as Bar Kokhbas revolt against the Roman Empire in 132 CE, establishing an independent Jewish state of Israel which he ruled for three years as Nasi (prince, or... Combatants Roman Empire Jews of Iudaea Commanders Hadrian Simon Bar Kokhba Strength  ?  ? Casualties Unknown 580,000 Jews (mass civilian casualties), 50 fortified towns and 985 villages razed (per Cassius Dio). ... Abu Isa (also known as Ovadiah, Ishaq ibn Yaqub al-Isfahani, Issac ibn Jacob al-Isfahani) was a self-proclaimed Jewish prophet sometime in the 8th century AD in Persia. ... David Alroy (fl. ... Moses Botarel was a Spanish scholar who lived in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries. ... Asher Lämmlein[1] was a German who appeared in Istria, near Venice, in 1502 and, enouraged by the works of Isaac Abrabanel,[2] proclaimed himself a forerunner of the Jewish Messiah. ... David Reubeni was a Jewish adventurer; born about 1490 in central Arabia, in Khaibar, as he himself stated; died in Llerena, Spain, after 1535. ... Solomon Molcho (Hebrew: ‎ Shlomo Molkho, meaning Solomon His Angel), originally Diogo Pires, (1500– 13 December 1532) was a New Christian who converted back to Judaism, declared himself the Messiah, and was burned at the stake for apostasy. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Donmeh refers to a group of Crypto-Jews of the Near East who followed Sabbatai Zevi (also called Shabbatai Zvi) and converted to Islam in 1666. ... Jacob Querido (d. ... Miguel (Abraham) Cardoso (ca. ... Judah Leib (Leibele) Prossnitz (d. ... Jacob Frank. ... For the third Rebbe of the Chabad Lubavitch dynasty see Menachem Mendel Schneersohn Menachem Mendel Schneerson (April 18, 1902 – June 12, 1994), known as The Rebbe[1], was a prominent Hasidic[2] rabbi who was the seventh and last Rebbe (spiritual leader) of the Chabad-Lubavitch movement. ...

Christian messiah claimants

See also: Second Coming and List of people who have claimed to be Jesus

Verses in the Bible tell that Jesus will come again in some fashion; various people have claimed to, in fact, be the second coming of Jesus. Others have been styled a new Messiah still under the umbrella of Christianity. For other uses, see Second Coming (disambiguation). ... . ...

• Simon Magus and Dositheos the Samaritan^[5], mid first century
• Montanus, who claimed to be the promised Paraclete, mid second century
• Adalbert, a bishop who claimed miraculous powers circa 744; he was excommunicated by the Pope.
• Tanchelm of Antwerp (ca. 1110), who violently opposed the sacrament and the Eucharist.
• Ann Lee (1736-1784), a central figure to the Shakers who thought she "embodied all the perfections of God" in female form.
• John Nichols Thom (1799-1838), a Cornish tax rebel.
• Hong Xiuquan of China (1812-1864), claimed to be the younger brother of Jesus.
• Bahá'u'lláh (1817-1892), born Shiite, he claimed to be the promised one of all religions, and founded the Bahá'í Faith.
• George Baker (c. 1880 – September 10, 1965), also known as Father Divine, was an African American spiritual leader from about 1907 until his death.
• Haile Selassie of Ethiopia (1892-1975), Messiah of the Rastafari movement. Never claimed himself to be messiah, but was proclaimed by Leonard Howell, amongst others.
• Georges-Emest Roux (1903-1981), the "Christ of Montfavet," founder of the Eglise Chrétienne Universelle.
• Sun Myung Moon (b. 1920), founder of the Unification Church ("Moonies"). Claims he is the Second Coming of Christ.^[6][7]
• Yahweh ben Yahweh (1935-2007), born as Hulon Mitchell, Jr., a black nationalist and separatist who created the Nation of Yahweh and allegedly orchestrated the murder of dozens of persons.
• Iesu Matayoshi (b. 1944), in 1997 he established the World Economic Community Party based on his conviction that he is God and the Christ.
• Jung Myung Seok (b. 1945), claims to be the Second Coming of Christ, founder of Providence Church, and fugitive wanted for rape among other crimes
• Jose Luis de Jesus Miranda (b. 1946), a Puerto Rican preacher who has claimed to be "the Man Jesus Christ", who is indwelled with the same spirit that dwelled in Jesus. Founder of the Growing in grace" ministries.
• Inri Cristo (b. 1948) of Curitiba, Brazil, a claimant to be the second Jesus.
• Apollo C. Quiboloy (b. 1950) Claims that Jesus Christ is the Almighty Father. He is the Appointed Son (Rev. 21:7), Says salvation is now completed. He is called "His Appointed Son" by thousands in the Philippines and now in other countries.
• David Icke (b. 1952), of Great Britain, has described himself as "the son of God," and a "channel for the Christ spirit."
• David Koresh (Vernon Wayne Howell) (1959-1993), leader of the Branch Davidians.
• Maria Devi Christos (b. 1960), founder of the Great White Brotherhood.
• Sergei Torop (b. 1961) who started to call himself "Vissarion," founder of the Church of the Last Testament and the spiritual community Ecopolis Tiberkul in Southern Siberia.
• David Shayler (b. 1965) ("Righteous Chav") who declared himself the Messiah in 2007.

For the film, see Simon Magus (film). ... Montanism was an early Christian sectarian movement of the mid-2nd century A.D., named after its founder Montanus. ... Look up Paraclete in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Adalbert was a French mystic and probable fraudster who lived in the 8th century. ... Mother Ann Lee (February 29, 1736 - September 8, 1784) was a member of the Shakers; who, during the 1770s, emigrated to Watervliet, New York. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... John Nichols Thom (1799-1838) was a Cornish self-declared Messiah in the 19th century Cornwall. ... A statue of Hong Xiuquan Hóng Xiùquán (洪秀全, Wade-Giles: Hung Hsiu-chüan, born Hong Renkun 洪仁坤, Courtesy name Huoxiu 火秀; January 10, 1812-June 1, 1864) was a Hakka Chinese Christian who led the Taiping Rebellion and established the Heavenly Kingdom of Taiping, in which he was known... Shrine of Baháulláh Baháulláh (ba-haa-ol-laa Arabic: Glory of God) (November 12, 1817 - May 29, 1892), born Mírzá usayn-`Alí (Persian: ), was the founder of the Baháí Faith. ... This article is about the generally recognized global religious community. ... There have been a number of people named George Baker: George Pierce Baker - US drama professor George Fisher Baker - US philanthropist George Baker (politician) - a Canadian Senator George Baker (cartoonist) - Sad Sack comic strip George Baker (actor) - a British actor George Baker (Dutch singer and songwriter) - Dutch recording artist, best... Father Divine (c. ... Haile Selassie Emperor Haile Selassie I (Power of Trinity) (born Lij Tafari Makonnen, July 23, 1892 – August 27, 1975), styled His Imperial Majesty (or HIM), was the Emperor (1930–1936; 1941–1974) of Ethiopia, and is the religious symbol for God incarnate among the Rastafari movement. ... Haile Selassie I The Rastafari movement, or Rasta, is a new religious movement[1] that accepts Haile Selassie I, the former Emperor of Ethiopia, as God incarnate, called Jah[2] or Jah Rastafari. ... Leonard P. Howell (1898 - ?) is the founder of the Rastafarian religious movement. ... Sun Myung Moon (born February 25, 1920; lunar: January 6, 1920) founded the Unification Church (later renamed Family Federation for World Peace and Unification) on May 1, 1954, in Seoul, South Korea. ... The Unification Church is a new religious movement started by Sun Myung Moon in Korea in the 1940s. ... Yahweh ben Yahweh, born and legally named Hulon Mitchell Jr. ... Nation of Yahweh is a radical offshoot of the Black Hebrew Israelites line of thought created by Yahweh ben Yahweh. ... Mitsuo Matayoshi , also, Iesu Matayoshi), is an eccentric Japanese politician, self-styled as The only God Mitsuo Matayoshi Jesus Christ (唯一神又吉光雄・イエス・キリスト) or Jesus Matayoshi (又吉イエス). He is the leader of the World Economic Community Party (世界経済共同体党). He was born in Ginowan on February 5, 1944. ... Jung Myung Seok This is a Korean name; the family name is Jung (ì •) Jung Myung Seok (born February 17, 1945) is a controversial Korean religious leader. ... Providence is a new religious movement founded by international fugitive Jung Myung Seok around 1980. ... José Luis de Jesús Miranda (born 1946) claims that he is Jesus in the flesh. However, the Holy Bible (the True Word of God) clearly tells us that only Jesus Christ of Nazareth is the one true God. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... David Icke David Vaughan Icke (pronounced IKE //) (born April 29, 1952 in Leicester, England) is a British writer and public speaker who has devoted himself since 1990 to researching who and what is really controlling the world. ... Born David Koresh ArvedonApril 19, 1923), David Koresh was the leader of the Branch Davidians religious sect, believing himself to be the final prophet. ... Maria Devi Christos (born Maria Tsvigun (Мария Цвигун) in 1960 in Donetsk) was a leader of an apocalyptic sect in the Former Soviet Union. ... // Esoteric Christianity In the teaching of the Master Beinsa Douno (Peter Deunov), the Universal White Brotherhood is the equivalent of the Angelic hierarchy in traditional Christianity: Seraphims - Brothers of Love; Cherubims - Brothers of Harmony; Thrones - Brothers of Will; Dominions - Brothers of intelligence and joy; Virtues - Brothers of movement and growth... Sergei Torop (January 14, 1961 -) is a Russian mystic, as Vissarion Christ he heads a religious movement, the Church of the Last Testament, based in the southern Siberia Kuraginsk district of Krasnoyarsk territory. ... The Church of the Last Testament is a new religious movement founded in Russia in 1991 by Sergei Torop who started to call himself Vissarion. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with sergei Torop. ... David Shayler talking at an anti-war meeting at Sheffield University David Shayler born 24 December 1965, is a former MI5 (British Security Service) officer and self-declared messiah who was prosecuted under the Official Secrets Act after passing documents to the Mail on Sunday newspaper in August 1997 that...

Muslim messiah claimants

Main article: People claiming to be the Mahdi

Islamic tradition has a prophecy of the Mahdi, who will come alongside the return of Isa (Jesus). Many people through history have claimed to be the Mahdi, a messianic figure expected in Islam. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Muhammad al-Mahdi. ... Islam holds Jesus (Arabic: `Īsā) to have been a messenger and a prophet of God. ...

• Syed Mohammad Jaunpuri (1443-1505), who travelled Northeastern India; he influenced the Mahdavia and the Zikris.
• Báb (1819-1850), who declared himself to be the promised Mahdi in Shiraz, Iran in 1844.
• Mirza Ghulam Ahmad (1835-1908) of Qadian, 'the Promised Messiah' return of Jesus as well as the 'Mahdi', founder of the Ahmadiyya religious movement. He preached that Jesus christ had survived crucifixion and died a natural death. Interestingly he was the only person to have claimed to be both, the promised return of Jesus as well as the promised Mahdi.
• Muhammad Ahmad ("The Mad Mahdi") (1844-1885), who declared himself the Mahdi in 1881, defeated the Ottomans, and founded a short-lived empire in Sudan.
• Sayyid Mohammed Abdullah Hassan (1864-1920) of Somaliland, who engaged in military conflicts from 1900 to 1920.
• Rashad Khalifa (1935-1990), a numerologist who analyzed the Qu'ran; claimed to be the "Messenger of the Covenant" and founded the "Submitters International" movement before being murdered.
• Juhayman al-Otaibi (1936-1980), who seized the Grand Mosque in Mecca in November 1979 and declared his son-in-law the Mahdi.

To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Mahdavia or Mahdawis religious movement was started by Syed Mohammad Jaunpuri in (1443 - 1505 CE) was an Indian religious figure, seen as the Promised Mahdi by some Muslims such as the Mahdavia and the Zikris. ... Zikri is a small Islamic sect that is concentrated in Balochistan. ... Shrine of the Báb in Haifa, Israel. ... Mirza Ghulam Ahmad Mirza Ghulam Ahmad of Qadian (مرزا غلام احمد) (February 13, 1835 - May 26, 1908 corresponding to Shawal 14, 1250 AH - Rabi al-thani 24 1326 AH). ... Ahmadi Muslims are followers of Mirza Ghulam Ahmad. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Mohammed Abdullah Hasssan on his famous horse Xin-Faniin Mohammed Abdullah Hassan (Maxamed Cabdulle Xasan, Sayyid) (born April 7, 1864, in the north of Somalia, died December 21, 1920 in Imi, Ethiopia) was Somalias religious and nationalist leader (called the Mad Mullah by the British, although he was neither... Rashad Khalifa, 1989 Rashad Khalifa (November 19, 1935–January 31, 1990) was an Egyptian-born American biochemist who founded the United Submitters International. ... Juhayman ibn Muhammad ibn Sayf al-Otaibi (Arabic: ) (1936 – 9 January 1980) was a militant who led the takeover of the Grand Mosque in Mecca, Islams holiest site, in the last months of 1979. ... Masjid al Haram Al-Masjid al-Haram (Arabic: ) is a very large mosque in the city of Makkah (Mecca). ...

Other/combination messiah claimants

This list features people who are said, either by themselves or their followers, to be some form of a messiah that do not easily fit into only Judaism, Christianity and Islam.

• André Matsoua (1899-1942), Congolese founder of Amicale, proponents of which subsequently adopted him as Messiah.
• World Teacher (unknown), claims to be the Maitreya and promised one of all religions; promoted by New Age activist Benjamin Creme and his organization, Share International.
• Rael, leader of the Raelian Movement (born 30 September 1946); Rael took on his mission as Messiah in 1973 after a claimed meeting with an extraterrestrial being.
• Nirmala Srivastava, guru and goddess of Sahaja Yoga, has proclaimed herself to be the Comforter promised by Jesus ie the incarnation of the Holy Ghost (Adi Shakti).^[8][9]

André Grenard Matsoua (or Matswa; 17 January 1899 – 13 January 1942) was a Congolese Lari religious figure and politician, perhaps the most influential figure in Congolese politics before independence in 1960. ... Motto Unité, Travail, Progrès(French) Unity, Work, Progress Anthem La Congolaise Capital (and largest city) Brazzaville Official languages French Government Republic  -  President Denis Sassou Nguesso  -  Prime Minister Isidore Mvouba Independence from France   -  Date 15 August 1960  Area  -  Total 342,000 km² (64th) 132,047 sq mi   -  Water (%) 3. ... Share International claims Maitreya is preferred to be known as a the World Teacher and that he is what all major religions have been expecting to return: He is the Christ, the Messiah, the Maitreya Buddha or the Imam Mahdi depending on religion view. ... This article is about the Buddhist bodhisattva Maitreya. ... Benjamin Creme (b. ... Share International is a worldwide network of volunteers who believe the prophesied Master of Wisdom Maitreya has already returned and is currently living in the Asian community in London, specifically in the Bangladeshi Brick Lane area. ... Raels first published book, the basis of the Raelian movement Raëlism is the belief system promoted by the Raëlian Movement, a religious organization which believes that scientifically advanced extraterrestrials known as the Elohim (derived from a Hebrew word appearing in the Torah) created life on Earth through genetic engineering... Raels first published book, the basis of the Raelian movement Raëlism is the belief system promoted by the Raëlian Movement, a religious organization which believes that scientifically advanced extraterrestrials known as the Elohim (derived from a Hebrew word appearing in the Torah) created life on Earth through genetic engineering... Free public event in New York Nirmala Srivastava (more widely known as Shri Mataji Nirmala Devi) is a scholar, a world renowned speaker[1]and the founder of Sahaja Yoga. ... For the meditative practice, see Sahaja Yoga meditation. ... The Holy Spirit, from the Christian viewpoint, while related to Gods will, is not Gods will personified. ... Lakshmi is a common aspect of Shakti Shakti meaning force, power or energy is the Hindu concept or personification of Gods female aspect, sometimes referred to as The Divine Mother. Shakti represents the active, dynamic principles of feminine power. ...

See also

• Jewish messianism
• Jewish Messiah claimants
• List of people who have been considered avatars
• List of charismatic leaders
• List of Buddha claimants
• List of people considered to be deities
• List of people who have claimed to be Jesus Christ

In Jewish messianism and eschatology, the Messiah (Hebrew: משיח; Mashiah, Mashiach, or Moshiach, anointed [one]) is a term traditionally referring to a future Jewish king from the Davidic line who will be anointed (the meaning of the Hebrew word משיח) with holy anointing oil and inducted to rule the Jewish people during... This article presents an overview of various historically significant Jewish Messiah claimants. ... This is a list of people in Hinduism and other religions, who are considered to be avatars (an incarnation of a deity or higher being) by themselves or by others. ... This is a list of people whose leadership has been characterized as based on charismatic authority by listed sources. ... The people described below have: claimed to have attained enlightenment and become buddhas claimed to be manifestations of bodhisattvas identified themselves as Buddha, or been honored as buddhas or bodhisattvas due to: being identified as the reincarnation of one such (e. ... This list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it. ... The list of people who claimed to be Jesus Christ consists of those notable people who have made statements about being Jesus Christ. ...

References

1. ^ Jewish Encyclopedia: Messiah: Alexander as Messiah
2. ^ Jewish Encyclopedia: Pseudo-Messiahs: "Another, an Egyptian, is said to have gathered together 30,000 adherents, whom he summoned to the Mount of Olives, opposite Jerusalem, promising that at his command the walls of Jerusalem would fall down, and that he and his followers would enter and possess themselves of the city. But Felix, the procurator (c. 55-60), met the throng with his soldiery. The prophet escaped, but those with him were killed or taken, and the multitude dispersed (ib. xx. 8, § 6; "B. J." ii. 13, § 5; see also Acts xxi. 38)."
3. ^ "What more than all else incited them [the Jews] to the [1st Roman] war was an ambiguous oracle ... found in their sacred scriptures, to the effect that at that time one from their country would become ruler of the world. This they understood to mean someone of their own race, and many of their wise men went astray in their interpretation of it. The oracle, however, in reality signified the sovereignty of Vespasian who was proclaimed Emperor on Jewish soil" — Josephus' Jewish War 6.312-13 in Crossan's Who Killed Jesus?, page 44, ISBN 0-06-061479-X
4. ^ A page from the Jewish Museum of Prague about Solomon Molcho mentions this nameless Czech Jew.
5. ^ Catholic Encyclopedia: Dositheans: "Origen states that "Dositheus the Samaritan, after the time of Jesus, wished to persuade the Samaritans that he himself was the Messias prophesied by Moses" (Contra Celsum, VI, ii); and he classes him with John the Baptist, Theodas, and Judas of Galilee as people whom the Jews mistakenly held to be the Christ (Hom. xxv in Lucam; Contra Celsum, I, lvii)."
6. ^ [1]
7. ^ [2]
8. ^ Judith Coney, Sahaja Yoga: Socializing Processes in a South Asian New Religious Movement (1999) p27 "She began her mission of salvation in earnest, establishing a reputation as a faith healer ... Then, on December 2nd 1979, in London, she unequivocally declared her divinity to her followers: '[Today] is the day I declare that I am the One who has to save the humanity. I declare, I am the one who is Adi Shakti, who is the Mother of all the mothers, who is the Primordial Mother, the Shakti, the purest desire of God, who has incarnated on this Earth to give meaning to itself...' Since then, she is most often understood by her followers to be the Devi, the Goddess of Indian mythology, returned to save the world."
9. ^ ::Sahaja Yoga-Tamil:: Adi Sakthi By Thirumoolar

• Hogue, John Messiahs: The Visions and Prophecies for the Second Coming (1999) Elements Books ISBN 1-86204-549-6
• The Jewish Encyclopedia, a public-domain work hosted at www.jewishencyclopedia.com/