In George Orwell's Nineteen Eighty-Four, the fictional language Newspeak attempts to influence thought by influencing the expressiveness of the English language. George Orwell is the pen name of Eric Arthur Blair (25 June 1903[1][2] – 21 January 1950) who was an English writer and journalist well-noted as a novelist, critic, and commentator on politics and culture. ... This article is about the Orwell novel. ... Quenya, written in Tengwar and Latin-based alphabets Fictional languages are by far the largest group of artistic languages. ... The English language is a West Germanic language that originates in England. ...

In keeping with the principles of Newspeak, all of the words listed here serve as both nouns and verbs; thus, crimethink is both the noun meaning "thought-crime" and the verb meaning "to commit thoughtcrime". To form an adjective, one adds the suffix "-ful" (e.g., crimethinkful) and to form an adverb, "-wise" (e.g., crimethinkwise). There are some irregular forms, such as the adjectival forms of Minitrue, Minipax, and Miniluv (Minitruthful, Minipeaceful, and Minilovely, respectively).

To say that something or somebody is the best, Newspeak uses doubleplusgood, while the worst would be doubleplusungood (e.g., "Big Brother is doubleplusgood, Emmanuel Goldstein is doubleplusungood").

The word doublespeak is often incorrectly attributed to Orwell. It was actually coined in the early 1950s, and does not appear in Nineteen Eighty-Four, but its meaning forms a natural parallel to the Newspeak word doublethink. The word groupthink, another word using a Newspeak-like pattern, was coined in 1952 by William H. Whyte. Doublespeak (sometimes double talk) is language constructed to disguise or distort its actual meaning, often resulting in a communication bypass. ... The 1950s decade refers to the years 1950 to 1959 inclusive. ... Newspeak is a fictional language in George Orwells novel Nineteen Eighty-Four. ... Doublethink is an integral concept in George Orwells dystopian novel Nineteen Eighty-Four, and is the act of holding two contradictory beliefs simultaneously, fervently believing both. ... Groupthink is a type of thought exhibited by group members who try to minimize conflict and reach consensus without critically testing, analyzing, and evaluating ideas. ... William Hollingsworth Holly Whyte (1917- January 12, 1999) was an American sociologist, journalist, and peoplewatcher. ...

Bellyfeel

The word bellyfeel means a blind, enthusiastic acceptance of an idea.

The word likely comes from the idea that any good Oceanian should be able to internalize Party doctrine to the extent that it becomes a gut instinct – a feeling in the belly.

Blackwhite

Blackwhite is defined as follows:

The word is an example of both Newspeak and doublethink. It represents the active process of rewriting the past, control of the past being a vital aspect of the Party's control over the present. Newspeak is a fictional language in George Orwells novel Nineteen Eighty-Four. ... Doublethink is an integral concept in George Orwells dystopian novel Nineteen Eighty-Four, and is the act of holding two contradictory beliefs simultaneously, fervently believing both. ...

The ability to blindly believe anything, regardless of its absurdity, can have different causes: respect for authority, fear, indoctrination, even critical laziness or gullibility. Orwell's blackwhite refers only to that caused by fear, indoctrination, or repression of one's individual critical thinking ("to know black is white"), rather than caused by laziness or gullibility. A true Party member could automatically, and without thought, expunge any "incorrect" information and totally replace it with "true" information from the Party. If properly done, there is no memory or recovery of the "incorrect" information that could cause unhappiness to the Party member by committing thoughtcrime. This ability is likened to the total erasure of information only possible in electronic storage. For other uses, see Fear (disambiguation). ... Indoctrination is the process of inculcating ideas, attitudes, cognitive strategies or a professional methodology. ... are you kiddin ? i was lookin for it for hours ...

See also

• Cognitive dissonance
• Fanaticism
• Propaganda

Cognitive dissonance is a psychological state that describes the uncomfortable feeling between what one holds to be true and what one knows to be true. ... Fanaticism is an emotion of being filled with excessive, uncritical zeal, particularly for an extreme religious or political cause, or with an obsessive enthusiasm for a pastime or hobby. ... For other uses, see Propaganda (disambiguation). ...

Crimethink

Crimethink is the Newspeak word for thoughtcrime (thoughts that are unorthodox, or are outside the official government platform), as well as the verb meaning "to commit thoughtcrime". Goodthink, which is approved by the Party, is the opposite of crimethink. In George Orwells dystopian novel Nineteen Eighty-Four the government attempts to control not only the speech and actions, but also the thoughts of its subjects, labeling disapproved thoughts with the term thoughtcrime or, in Newspeak, crimethink. In the book, Winston Smith, the main character, writes in his diary... Goodthink, a term from Nineteen Eighty-Four by George Orwell, is a Newspeak word signifying a set of thoughts and beliefs that is in accordance with those established by the Party. ... This article is about the Orwell novel. ...

In the book, Winston Smith, the main character, writes in his diary: This article is about the character in Nineteen Eighty-Four. ...

Crimethink has been adopted by an anarchist collective, who call themselves CrimethInc. CrimethInc. ...

Duckspeak

Duckspeak is a Newspeak term meaning literally to quack like a duck or to speak without thinking. Its original literal introduction comes in the form of a dictate from Big Brother announcing that the word quack is too specific to be useful and that from this point on, quack is no longer a word, and never was a word, and should instead be replaced by the two independent words. Later in the novel, Orwell continues to pun on the turn of phrase. Duckspeak can be either good or "ungood" (bad), depending on who is speaking, and whether what they are saying is in following with the ideals of Big Brother. To speak rubbish and lies may be ungood, but to speak rubbish and lies for the good of "The Party" may be good. In the appendix to 1984, Orwell explains: Subfamilies Dendrocygninae Oxyurinae Anatinae Aythyinae Merginae Duck is the common name for a number of species in the Anatidae family of birds. ... Big Brother as portrayed in the 1954 BBC Television adaptation of Nineteen Eighty-Four. ...

An example of a skillful duckspeaker in action is provided in the beginning of chapter 9, where an Inner Party speaker is haranguing the crowd about the crimes of Eurasia when a note is passed into his hand – whereupon he continues the speech with nothing changed in his voice or manner, but according to the changed party line he now condemns the crimes of Eastasia, which is Oceania's new enemy.

See also

• Jingoism
• Thought-terminating cliché

Ten Thousand Miles From Tip to Tip, an 1898 political cartoon depicting the extension of the United States dominion Jingoism is chauvinistic patriotism, usually associated with a War Hawk political stance. ... A thought-terminating cliché is a commonly used phrase, sometimes passing as folk wisdom, used to quell cognitive dissonance, especially in cases where the person experiencing the cognitive dissonance might resolve it by reaching a thought-provoking epiphany. ...

Goodsex and sexcrime

Goodsex is any form of sex considered acceptable by the Party; specifically, this refers only to sex within marriage, for the exclusive purpose of providing new children for the Party, and without pleasure to the woman. All other forms of sex are considered sexcrime. Matrimony redirects here. ... For other uses, see Reproduction (disambiguation) Reproduction is the biological process by which new individual organisms are produced. ... Sexual arousal is the process and state of an animal being ready for sexual intercourse. ... It has been suggested that premarital sex be merged into this article or section. ...

Ownlife

Ownlife refers to the tendency to enjoy being solitary, which is considered subversive. Winston Smith comments that even to go for a walk by oneself can be regarded as suspicious.^[1] For the version control system, see Subversion (software). ...

Prefixes

• "Un-'" is a Newspeak prefix used for negation. It is used as a prefix to make the word negative, since there are no antonyms in Newspeak. Therefore, for example, warm becomes uncold. It is often decided to keep the word which has a more unpleasant nuance to it, when choosing which one of the antonyms should be kept in the process of diminishing vocabulary. Therefore, cold is preferred to warm or hot, and dark is preferred to light,^[2] even though cold and darkness are not physical phenomena as opposed to light and heat. The Party's choice for the less pleasant versions of an antonym may be interpreted as another way the Party makes its subjects depressive and pessimistic to suppress unorthodox thought. On the other hand, the Party controls one's ability to think negatively by sometimes allowing only the positive term preceded by "un-". For example, the concept of "bad" can be expressed only with ungood. When placed before a verb, "un-" becomes a negative imperative; for example, unproceed means "do not proceed."
• "Plus-" is an intensifier, in place of "more" or the suffix "-er" (in some situations). Thus, great becomes plusgood.
• "Doubleplus-" means better than "plus-", so doubleplusgood is used in place of excellent.

A prefix is the initial portion of some object or term (typically in text or speech) with a distinct and he base semantics for a word. ... For other uses, see Phenomena (disambiguation). ...

Suffixes

• "-ful" is a Newspeak suffix used to turn another word into an adjective. For example, fast would be rendered as speedful.
• "-wise" is a Newspeak suffix used to turn another word into an adverb. For example, quickly would be rendered as speedwise. Therefore "He ran very quickly" would become "He runned plus-speedwise".
• "-ed" is the only method to make a non-auxiliary verb past tense in the A-vocabulary. This decreases the number of words required to express tenses by removing irregular conjugations. Ran becomes runned, drank becomes drinked, etc.

Unperson

An unperson is a person who has been "vaporized"; who has been not only killed by the state, but effectively erased from existence. Such a person would be written out of existing books, photographs, and articles so that no trace of their existence could be found in the historical record. The idea is that such a person would, according to the principles of doublethink, be forgotten completely (for it would be impossible to provide evidence of their existence), even by close friends and family members. Mentioning his or her name, or even speaking of their past existence, is thoughtcrime; the concept that the person may have existed at one time and has disappeared cannot be expressed in Newspeak. Compare to the Stalinist practice of erasing people from photographs after their death. Democide is a term coined by political scientist R. J. Rummel for the murder of any person or people by a government, including genocide, politicide, and mass murder. Rummel created the term as an extended concept to include forms of government murder that are not covered by the legal definition... Doublethink is an integral concept in George Orwells dystopian novel Nineteen Eighty-Four, and is the act of holding two contradictory beliefs simultaneously, fervently believing both. ... For architecture, see Stalinist architecture. ...

A similar punishment, damnatio memoriae, was used in the Roman Empire. The Stalin-era Soviet Union also provided real-world examples of unpersons in its treatment of Leon Trotsky and other members of the Communist party who became politically inconvenient. In his 1960 magazine article "Pravda means 'Truth'", reprinted in Expanded Universe, Robert A. Heinlein argued that John Paul Jones and a mysterious May 15, 1960 cosmonaut had also received this treatment. Tondo of the Severan family, with portraits of Septimius Severus, Julia Domna, Caracalla, and Geta. ... For other uses, see Roman Empire (disambiguation). ... Josef Vissarionovich Dzhugashvili (Georgian: , Ioseb Besarionis Dze Jughashvili; Russian: , Iosif Vissarionovich Dzhugashvili) (December 18 [O.S. December 6] 1878[1] – March 5, 1953), better known by his adopted name, Joseph Stalin (alternatively transliterated Josef Stalin), was General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Unions Central Committee from... Leon Trotsky (Russian:  , Lev Davidovich Trotsky, also transliterated Leo, Lyev, Trotskii, Trotski, Trotskij, Trockij and Trotzky) (November 7 [O.S. October 26] 1879 – August 21, 1940), born Lev Davidovich Bronstein (), was a Ukrainian-born Bolshevik revolutionary and Marxist theorist. ... In modern usage, the term communist party is generally used to identify any political party which has adopted communist ideology. ... The full title of this book by Robert A. Heinlein is Expanded Universe, The New Worlds of Robert A. Heinlein, copyright 1980 by Heinlein. ... Robert Anson Heinlein (July 7, 1907 – May 8, 1988) was one of the most popular, influential, and controversial authors of hard science fiction. ... John Paul Jones (July 11, 1747–July 18, 1792) was Americas first well-known naval hero in the American Revolutionary War. ... It has been suggested that Conspiracy theories about Gagarin being not the first human in space be merged into this article or section. ...

See also

• Extraordinary rendition
• Forced disappearance
• Historical revisionism
• Nonperson

Extraordinary rendition and irregular rendition are terms used to describe the extrajudicial transfer of a person from one state to another with the intent of legally torturing them outside of the jurisdiction of a state which prohibits it. ... Disappear redirects here. ... Historical revisionism is the attempt to change commonly held ideas about the past. ... A non-person is a person or a member of a group who lacks, loses, or is forcibly denied social or legal status, especially basic human rights, or who effectively from a point of view of traceability, documentation or existence, ceases to have a record of their existence within a...

Other Newspeak words

(Many of these are in fact merely part of the "abbreviated jargon — not actually Newspeak, but consisting largely of Newspeak words — used in the Ministry for internal purposes", described by Orwell in chapter 4.)

• africa
• ante~: A prefix used meaning "pre~" or "before".
• artsem: Artificial insemination.
• bb: Big Brother.
• crimestop
• current
• dayorder: Order of the day.
• doublethink
• equal: Only in the sense of physically equal, like equal height/size, etc. It does not mean politically equal, since there is no such concept in Ingsoc.
• facecrime: An indication that a person is guilty of thoughtcrime based on their facial expression.
• file
• forecast
• free: meaning Negative freedom (without) in a physical sense, only in statements like "This dog is free from lice", as the concepts of "political freedom" and "intellectual freedom" do not exist in Newspeak.)
• full
• good: (Can also be used as a prefix vaguely meaning "orthodox".)
• goodthink: Vaguely translatable to orthodox thought.
• ingsoc: English Socialism.
• issue: children produced by goodsex
• joycamp: forced labor camp
• malquoted: flaws or inaccurate presentations of Party or Big Brother-related matters by the press. See misprints below.
• miniluv: "Ministry of Love" (secret police, interrogation and torture)
• minipax: "Ministry of Peace" (Ministry of War, cf: 'Department of Defense' vs 'War Department')
• minitrue: "Ministry of Truth" (propaganda and altering history)
• miniplenty: "Ministry of Plenty" (keeping the population in a state of constant economic hardship)
• misprints: Errors or mispredictions which need to be rectified in order to prove that the Party is always right. See malquoted above.
• oldspeak: English; perhaps any language that is not Newspeak.
• oldthink: ideas inspired by events or memories of times prior to the Revolution.
• plus~: A prefix used in the sense of very, i.e., to give an adjective or an adverb a stronger meaning (e.g. plusgood means "very good").
• pornosec: Subunit of the Fiction Department of the Ministry of Truth that produces pornography
• prolefeed: the steady stream of mindless entertainment to distract and occupy the masses
• recdep: "Records Department" (division of the Ministry of Truth that deals with the rectification of records; department where Winston works)
• rectify: Used by the Ministry of Truth as a euphemism for the deliberate alteration of the past.
• ref: To refer (to).
• report
• sec: Sector.
• speakwrite: An instrument used by Party members to note "write" down information by speaking into an apparatus as a faster alternative to an "ink pencil". It is, for example, used in the Ministry of Truth by the protagonist Winston Smith.
• telescreen: television and security camera-like devices used by the ruling Party in Oceania to keep its subjects under constant surveillance
• thinkpol: The Thought Police
• upsub: submit to higher authority.
• verify
• yp (year plan)

Crimestop is a Newspeak term taken from the novel Nineteen Eighty-Four by George Orwell. ... Doublethink is an integral concept in George Orwells dystopian novel Nineteen Eighty-Four, and is the act of holding two contradictory beliefs simultaneously, fervently believing both. ... The philosophical concept of negative liberty is the absence of coercion from others. ... Goodthink, a term from Nineteen Eighty-Four by George Orwell, is a Newspeak word signifying a set of thoughts and beliefs that is in accordance with those established by the Party. ... One media interpretation of an Ingsoc insignia In George Orwells dystopic novel Nineteen Eighty-Four, Ingsoc is the ideology of the totalitarian government of Oceania. ... The Ministry of Love (or Miniluv in Newspeak) is one of the four ministries that govern Airstrip One, Oceania in George Orwells novel Nineteen Eighty-Four. ... The examples and perspective in this article or section may not represent a worldwide view. ... The Ministry of Peace (Newspeak: Minipax) is one of four ministries in George Orwells novel Nineteen Eighty-Four. ... Senate House, supposed inspiration for the Ministry of Truth The Ministry of Truth (or Minitrue, in Newspeak) is one of the four ministries that govern Oceania in George Orwells novel Nineteen Eighty-Four. ... The Ministry of Plenty (in Newspeak, Miniplenty) is one of the ministries from George Orwells novel Nineteen Eighty-Four that governs Oceania. ... A prefix is the initial portion of some object or term (typically in text or speech) with a distinct and he base semantics for a word. ... In grammar, an adjective is a word whose main syntactic role is to modify a noun or pronoun (called the adjectives subject), giving more information about what the noun or pronoun refers to. ... Adverbs redirects here. ... Prolefeed is a Newspeak term in the novel Nineteen Eighty-Four by George Orwell. ... A euphemism is the substitution of an agreeable or less offensive expression in place of one that may offend or suggest something unpleasant to the listener;[1] or in the case of doublespeak, to make it less troublesome for the speaker. ... Big Brothers face looms on giant telescreens in Victory Square Telescreens are featured in George Orwells novel Nineteen Eighty-Four. ... Five-Year Plan refers to a national economic development plan, lasting five years. ...

References

George Orwell is the pen name of Eric Arthur Blair (25 June 1903[1][2] – 21 January 1950) who was an English writer and journalist well-noted as a novelist, critic, and commentator on politics and culture. ... This article is about the Orwell novel. ...

External links

• Newspeak Dictionary, Newspeak words from George Orwell's 1984 including the movie
• Searchable Detailed Summary of 1984