Following are the successive heads of state of Poland. (See also List of Polish rulers and List of Polish Prime Ministers.) All below were titled President of the Republic of Poland, except as otherwise stated.
The Polish Government in Exile operated pursuant to the Constitution of Poland of April 1935, the legal basis for the government. According to that document, the president was allowed to choose his successor "in wartime, in case his office should become vacant before a peace treaty were signed."
Ryszard Kaczorowski (1989 - 1990, resigned after the election of Lech Wałęsa).
Republic of Poland (1944-1952)
After World War II, the ruling communists retained some of the prewar laws and preserved the institution of President of the Republic of Poland. In 1952, however, the office was abolished and the country's name was changed.
The Council of State was, theoretically, a collective head of state; de facto, however, the most important personage was the First Secretary of the Central Committee of the Polish United Workers' Party.
Chairman of the Council of State - Przewodniczący Rady Państwa:
The president of Bulgaria (Georgi Parvanov since 22 January 2002) is directly elected for a 5-year term with the right to one re-election.
The president serves as the head of state and commander in chief of the armed forces.
The Presidents of the Supreme Court of Cassation, Supreme Administrative Court and the Prosecutor General are elected by a qualified majority of two-thirds from all the members of the Supreme Judicial Council and are appointed by the President of the Republic.
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