This is a list of both unit types and ranks of the Roman army from the Roman Republic to the fall of the Roman Empire. The distinction between rank and unit type doesn't seem to have been as precise as in a modern-day army, in which a soldier has a separate pay-grade, job description, and assigned unit. For example, "hastati" defines both a unit's length of service, age, arms and armour, and place in the line of battle. The list below covers mainly unit types of the Roman Empire, since the early Roman army was from surviving records more uniform. Likewise, there is a greater concentration on legionary ranks, since there are greater records extant than for auxiliary and other non-legionary units. The branches of the Roman military at the highest level were the Roman army and the Roman navy. ... The Roman army was a set of land-based military forces employed by the Roman Kingdom, Roman Republic and later Roman Empire as part of the Roman military. ... This is a list of Roman legions, including key facts about each legion. ... Auxiliaries (from Latin: auxilia = supports) formed the standing non-citizen corps of the Roman army of the Principate (30 BC - 284 AD), alongside the citizen legions. ... // Manius Acilius Glabrio -- Manius Acilius Glabrio (consul 191 BC) -- Manius Acilius Glabrio (consul 91) -- Titus Aebutius Helva -- Aegidius -- Lucius Aemilius Barbula -- Marcus Aemilius Lepidus (triumvir) -- Lucius Aemilius Paulus Macedonicus -- Marcus Aemilius Scaurus (praetor 56 BC) -- Flavius Aëtius -- Lucius Afranius (consul) -- Sextus Calpurnius Agricola -- Gnaeus Julius Agricola -- Flavius Antoninus -- Marcus... Roman trireme, a warship, 31 BC. Note the bank of oars (two on the hidden side), the square-rigged sails, the steering oars, the tower on deck, the ram at the prow, the ballistae and the Greek fire. ... Roman trireme, a warship, 31 BC. Note the bank of oars (two on the hidden side), the square-rigged sails, the steering oars, the tower on deck, the ram at the prow, the ballistae and the Greek fire. ... The history of ancient Rome - originally a city-state of Italy, and later an empire covering much of Eurasia and North Africa from the ninth century BC to the fifth century AD - was often closely entwined with its military history. ... The following is a List of Roman wars fought by the ancient Roman Kingdom, Roman Republic and Roman Empire, organized by date. ... The following is a List of Roman battles (fought by the Roman Kingdom, the Roman Republic, and the Roman Empire), organized by date. ... As with most other military forces the Roman military adopted a carrot and stick approach to military, with an extensive list of decorations for military gallantry and likewise a range of punishments for the punishment of military transgressions. ... The technology history of the Roman military covers the development of and application of technologies for use in the armies and navies of Rome from the Roman Republic to the fall of the Western Roman Empire. ... Roman military engineering is a type of Roman engineering carried out by the Roman Army - almost exclusively by the Roman legions for the furthering of military objectives. ... Basic ideal plan of a Roman castrum. ... Roman siege engines were, for the most part, adapted from Hellenistic siege technology. ... List of ancient Roman triumphal arches (By modern country) // France Orange Reims: Porte de Mars Saint Rémy de Provence: Roman site of Glanum Saintes: Arch of Germanicus Greece Arch of Galerius, Thessaloniki Hadrians Arch, Athens Italy It has been suggested that List of Roman arches in Rome be... Not to be confused with Romans road. ... Roman military personal equipment was produced in large numbers to established patterns and used in an established way. ... Root directory at Military history of ancient Rome Romes military was always tightly keyed to its political system. ... The strategy of the Roman Military encompasses its grand strategy (the arrangements made by the state to implement its political goals through a selection of military goals, a process of diplomacy backed by threat of military action, and a dedication to the military of part of its production and resources... Roman infantry tactics refers to the theoretical and historical deployment, formation and maneuvers of the Roman infantry from the start of the Roman Republic to the fall of the Western Roman Empire. ... Map of all the territories once occupied by the Roman Empire, along with locations of limes Roman military borders and fortifications were part of a grand strategy of territorial defense in the Roman Empire. ... The limes Germanicus, 2nd century. ... Hadrians Wall is a stone and turf fortification built by the Roman Empire across the width of modern-day England. ...

It is worth noting that more than one term was often used to describe essentially the same rank or unit type and, additionally, several words could be strung together to more exactly describe a man's unit or rank - for instance a "discens immunis veterinarius" would be a trainee military veterinarian.

Comments added include period when such units existed, cause of disappearance (if relevant), and brief summary of role, as well as link to the main article (if existing).

Unit types

• Accensus - either a public officer who attended on several of the Roman magistrates; or a kind of supernumerary soldier who served to fill the places of those who were killed or disabled by their wounds in the Roman Republic
• Adscripticius - a supernumerary soldier of the Roman Republic who served to fill the places of those who were killed or disabled by their wounds.
• Antesignani - Vanguard troops. Antesignani means "those before the standard" (Signus, Signum)
• auxilia - troops in the Roman army of the late Republican and Imperial periods who originally stayed in their home province but were formalised and later took on the role of proving specialist support to the legions
• Balearic slingers - Expert slingers from the Balearic Islands off the Mediterranean coast of modern Spain.
• bucelarii - a unit of soldiers in the late Roman and Byzantine empire, that were not supported by the state but rather by some individual such as a general or governor.
• cataphractarii - heavily armed and armoured cavalrymen, adopted from the Parthians and first deployed by the Romans in the 2nd Century AD during the reign of emperor Hadrian.
• Classiarii -Roman Marines
• Celeres - a force of 300-500 probably cavalry that served as a bodyguard to the early Roman kings. Their name Celer is Latin for "the swift".
• Clibanarii - a military unit of heavy armoured horsemen similar to the Cataphracti
• Cohortes urbanae - a police unit of urban Rome and sometime counterbalance to the power of the praetorian guard.
• Comitatenses - the standard legionnaire after the reforms of Constantine
• Comitatenses Palatini or Auxilia Palatini- a central field army of the late Roman Empire that was unique in that it was always under the direct command of the Roman Emperor
• Contarií -
• dromedarii - camel riding auxiliary forces recruited in the desert provinces of the east Roman empire
• Duplicarius - officer in the army
• Equites - Roman citizen horse troops drawn from the Roman equestrian class.
• Foederati - soldiers provided by barbarian tribes in return for subsidies
• frumentarii - the secret service of the Roman Empire.
• Hastati - the first line of battle in the Roman Republican Army.
• herculiani - the imperial guard of the Emperors of the Roman Empire from 284 until 988
• Ioviani (also called Jovians) - the imperial guard of the Emperors of the Roman Empire from 284 until 988
• Lancearii - Spear armed mail clad field troopers that supported the comitatenses
• Latini - allied troops of the Republic provided by non-citizens living in allied Latin towns
• Limitanei- Lighter late legionaries similar to the auxilia of Caesar's day normally use in garrison.
• Menapian spearmen - More few and at best auxiliary mercenaries.
• Nabataean archers - Auxiliary bowmen recruited from Nabataea, in what is now southern Jordan.
• Numerii - A loose term for any soldier
• pedites - the infantry of the early army of the Roman kingdom. The majority of the army in this period.
• Peditatus - a term referring to any mama infantryman in the Roman Empire
• praetorians - a special force of bodyguards used by Roman Emperors
• Principes - the second line of battle in the Roman Republican Army
• rorarii - the final line, or reserve, in the ancient pre-Marius Roman army. These were removed even before the reforms as the Triarii provided a very sturdy anchor
• Sagittarii - archers, including horse-riding auxiliary archers recruited mainly in the Eastern Empire and Africa
• Scholae Palatinae - an elite troop of soldiers in the Roman army created by the Emperor Constantine the Great to provide personal protection of the Emperor and his immediate family
• Socii - Conscripts
• speculatores - the scouts and reconnaissance element of the Roman army
• supernumerarii - a kind of supernumerary soldier who served to fill the places of those who were killed or disabled by their wounds
• Triarii - the third standard line of infantry of the Roman Republic's army
• Velites - a class of light infantry in the army of the Roman Republic
• Vigiles - the firefighters and police of Ancient Rome

Accensi (from Latin; singular accensus) figure in both the army of the Roman Republic and as civil officers in the same period. ... Supernumerary is a member of the staff or an employee who works in a public office but is not part of the manpower complement. ... Supernumerary is a member of the staff or an employee who works in a public office but is not part of the manpower complement. ... Auxiliaries (from Latin: auxilia = supports) formed the standing non-citizen corps of the Roman army of the Principate (30 BC - 284 AD), alongside the citizen legions. ... Bucellarii is a term for a unit of soldiers in the late Roman and Byzantine empire, that were not supported by the state but rather by some individual such as a general or governor. ... Sarmatian cataphracts. ... Celeres was a personal armed guard of 300 men maintained by Romulus, the mythical founder of ancient Rome. ... According to Ovids description of the founding of Rome by Romulus (Fasti IV.809 ff. ... The Clibanarii (from the Latin, clibani, meaning campoven) were a late Roman and Byzantine military unit of heavy armored horsemen. ... The urban cohorts of ancient Rome were created to counterbalance the enormous power of the praetorian guard in the city of Rome. ... Comitatenses is the Latin plural of comitatensis, originally the adjective derived from comitatus (company, party, suite; in this military context it came to the novel meaning of the field army), itself rooting in Comes (companion, but hence specific historical meanings, military and civilian). ... The Comitatenses Palatini was a central field army of the late Roman Empire that was unique in that it was always under the direct command of the Roman Emperor. ... This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ... A duplicarius was an officer of the Roman legions receiving double the basic pay Categories: | | ... An Equestrian (Latin eques, plural equites) was a member of one of the two upper social classes in the Roman Republic and early Roman Empire. ... Foederatus early in the history of the Roman Republic identified one of the tribes bound by treaty (foedus), who were neither Roman colonies nor had they been granted Roman citizenship (civitas) but were expected to provide a contingent of fighting men when trouble arose. ... The Imperial Secret Service. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... Imperial guard of the Emperors of the Roman Empire from 284 until 988 The Praetorian Guard were based at Castra Praetoria just outside Rome, and during the reign of the Emperor Diocletian were in league with the Roman Senate. ... Shield pattern of the palatine legion of Herculiani seniores, according to Notitia Dignitatum. ... Comitatenses is the Latin plural of comitatensis, originally the adjective derived from comitatus (company, party, suite; in this military context it came to the novel meaning of the field army), itself rooting in Comes (companion, but hence specific historical meanings, military and civilian). ... The Latins were an ancient people of Italy, in and around Latium. ... Limitanei were border guards in the armies of the late Roman Empire. ... The Roman army used some auxiliaries who were not so well trained. ... The Praetorian Guard of Augustus - 1st century. ... The plural of the Latin word princeps. ... Rorarii may have formed the final lines, or else provided a reserve thereby, in the ancient pre-Marius Roman army. ... Sagittarius may refer to: Sagittarius (constellation) Sagittarius (astrology), an astrological sign Sagittarius (music band), a musical band of which Lee Mallory was a member. ... The Scholae Palatinae (literally Palatine College), also known as Palitini, were an elite troop of soldiers in the Roman army created by the Emperor Constantine the Great to provide personal protection of the Emperor and his immediate family. ... Soci may refer to several villages in Romania: Soci, a village in Pănceşti Commune, Bacău County Soci, a village in Mirosloveşti Commune, Iaşi County Soci, a village in Borca Commune, Neamţ County Soci, a village in Ştefan cel Mare Commune, Neamţ County Soci, a village... The introduction of this article does not provide enough context for readers unfamiliar with the subject. ... Accensi (from Latin; singular accensus) figure in both the army of the Roman Republic and as civil officers in the same period. ... The Triarii (Latin singular triarius) was the third standard line of infantry of the Roman Republics army. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... The Vigiles or more properly the Vigiles Urbani (watchmen of the City) or Cohortes Vigilum (cohorts of the watchmen) were the firefighters and police of Ancient Rome. ...

Military ranks

• Accensus - a reservist or light legionary infantry soldier.
• Acceptarius - a discharged soldier.
• Actarius - a military or camp clerk.
• Adiutor- a camp or headquarters adjutant or assistant.
• Aenator - military musician such as a bugler.
• Agrimensor - a surveyor (a type of immunes).
• Aquilifer - carried the legionary eagle.
• Alaris - a cavalryman serving in an ala.
• Architecti - an engineer or artillery constructor.
• Armicustos - a soldier tasked with the administration and supply of weapons and equipment. A quartermaster.
• Ballistarius - an artillery operator.
• Beneficiarius - a soldier performing an extraordinary task such as military policing or a special assignment.
• Bucinator - a trumpeteer or bugler.
• Cacula - an un-enlisted camp servant
• Capsarior - a medical orderly.
• Causarius - a soldier discharged for wounds or other medical reasons.
• centurion - Generally, one per century, in charge of century.
• Clinicus - a medic.
• Cornicen - bugler
• Doctor - a trainer, subdivisions for everything from weapons to hornblowing
• Draconarius - Roman cavalry standard bearer
• decurion - leads either a legionary tent group (8 men) or a troop of cavalry (14-30 men).
• Discens - Miles in training for an immunis position.
• Evocati - soldiers in the Roman army, who had served out their time and obtained their discharge (missio), but had voluntarily enlisted again at the invitation of the consul or other commander
• Hastatus Prior - a centurion commanding a manipulus of hastati. A high ranking officer within a manipuli
• Hastatus Posterior - a deputy to the hastatus prior
• Hastiliarius - a weapons instructor.
• Imaginifer - A standard-bearer carrying the imago - the standard which bore a likeness of the emperor, and, at later dates, his family.
• Immunes - those soldiers of the military of ancient Rome who were "immune" from combat duty and fatigues through having a more specialist role within the army
• miles or Miles Gregarius - The basic private level foot soldier
• Optio - One per century as second-in-command to the centurion
• Legatus Legionis - legionary commander
• Pilus Prior - The commander of the first century of each cohort.
• Pilus Posterior - A deputy to pilus prior
• Praefectus Castrorum - camp prefect
• Primus Pilus - (literally 'first spear') the commanding centurion of the first cohort and the senior centurion of the entire Legion
• Princeps Prior - a centurion commanding a manipulus of principes
• Princeps Posterior - a deputy to the princeps prior
• Principales - a group of ranks, including aquilifer, signifer, optio and tesserarius. Similar to modern NCOs.
• legionaries - the heavy infantry that was the basic military unit of the ancient Roman army in the period of the late Roman Republic and the Roman Empire
• Quaestionarius - an interrogator or torturer.
• Retentus - a soldier kept in service after serving required term
• Salararius - a soldier enjoying special service conditions or hired as a mercenary.
• Scorpionarius - an artilleryman operating a scorpion artillery piece
• Signifer- Standard bearer of the Roman Legion
• Tablifer - A guard cavalry standard-bearer
• Tesserarius - guard commander, one per century
• Tribuni militum angusticlavii or military tribune -
• Tribunus militum laticlavius - military tribune of senatorial rank. Second in command of a legion.
• Venator - a hunter (a type of immunes)
• Veterinarius - a vet to look after horses and packmules
• Vexillarius - a standard-bearer (carried the Vexillum)