Romance
Geographic distribution:	French   Italian   Spanish   Portuguese   Romanian  Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1357x628, 42 KB) Summary Romance languages in the World Blue - French Green - Spanish Orange - Portuguese Yellow - Italian Red - Romanian Compilation of Image:Map_Italophone_World. ... French (français, langue française) is one of the most important Romance languages, outnumbered in speakers only by Spanish and Portuguese. ... Italian ( , or lingua italiana) is a Romance language spoken by about 63 million people,[2] primarily in Italy. ... This article is about the international language known as Spanish. ... Portuguese (  or língua portuguesa) is a Romance language that originated in what is now Galicia (Spain) and northern Portugal from the Latin spoken by romanized Celtiberians about 1000 years ago. ... Romanian (limba română, IPA: ) is a Romance language spoken by around 24 to 28 million people[1], primarily in Romania and Moldova. ...
Genetic classification:	Indo-European  Italic   Romance
Subdivisions:	Italo-Western (Western Romance) Eastern Romance Southern Romance

The Romance languages include 47 (SIL estimate) languages and dialects spoken in Europe; this language group is a part of the Italic language family. Top level groups are listed roughly East to West. A language family is a group of languages related by descent from a common proto-language. ... For other uses, see Indo-European. ... Hypothetical distribution of languages in Iron Age Italy during the sixth century BC. The Italic subfamily is a member of the Centum branch of the Indo-European language family. ... Italo-Western redirects here. ... Map of Balkans with regions inhabited by Romanians/Vlachs highlighted The Eastern Romance languages are a group of Romance languages that developed in Southeastern Europe from the local eastern variant of Vulgar Latin. ... Southern Romance languages are parte of Romance languages that includes the Sardinian language and Sicilian language. ... The Romance languages (sometimes referred to as Romanic languages) are a branch of the Indo-European language family, comprising all the languages that descend from Latin, the language of the Roman Empire. ... SIL International is a worldwide non-profit evangelical Christian organization whose main purpose is to study, develop and document lesser-known languages in order to expand linguistic knowledge, promote literacy and aid minority language development. ... For dialects of programming languages, see Programming language dialect. ... For other uses, see Europe (disambiguation). ... Proto-Indo-European Indo-European studies The Italic subfamily is a member of the Centum branch of the Indo-European language group. ...

This article lists also the main groups of Romance-based Creole languages. A creole is a language descended from a pidgin that has become the native language of a group of people. ...

Eastern Romance

Main article: Eastern Romance languages

• Romanian
  • Daco-Romanian (with Moldovan and Timok Vlach): 28 million Romania, Moldova, Ukraine, Serbia
  • Aromanian: 300,000 Greece, 100,000 Albania, 15,000 Macedonia, and 10,000 Bulgaria.
  • Istro-Romanian: 1,000 Croatia
    • The language of the Morlachs: Croatia, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Montenegro (extinct)
  • Megleno-Romanian: 5,000 Greece and Macedonia

Map of Balkans with regions inhabited by Romanians/Vlachs highlighted The Eastern Romance languages are a group of Romance languages that developed in Southeastern Europe from the local eastern variant of Vulgar Latin. ... Daco-Romanian (Romanian: limba dacoromânÇŽ, Latin: lingua Daco-Romana) is the term used to identify the Romanian language in contexts where distinction needs to be made between the various Eastern Romance languages or dialects (Daco-Romanian, Aromanian, Istro-Romanian, and Megleno-Romanian). ... Romanian (limba română, IPA: ) is a Romance language spoken by around 24 to 28 million people[1], primarily in Romania and Moldova. ... Not to be confused with Republika Srpska. ... Aromanian (also known as Macedo-Romanian, Arumanian or Vlach in most other countries; in Aromanian: limba armãneascã, armãneshce or armãneashti) is an Eastern Romance language spoken in Southeastern Europe. ... Istro-Romanian is a Romance language - more specifically, an Eastern Romannce language - that is today still spoken in a few villages in the peninsula of Istria, on the northern part of the Adriatic Sea, in what is now Croatia, but which was spoken in a substantially broader part of the... Morlachs (in Greek: Mavrovlachi or Mauro-Vlachs, meaning Black Vlachs; in Latin sources: Nigri Latini) were a population of Vlach shepherds that lived in the Dinaric Alps (western Balkans in modern use), constantly migrating in search for better pastures for their sheep flocks. ... Megleno–Romanian is a Romance language, similar to Macedo-Romanian, spoken in the Greek area of Meglen, north of Thessaloniki. ...

Italo-Western Romance

Italo-Dalmatian

Main article: Italo-Western languages

• Dalmatian: Croatia (extinct)
  • Regional varieties: Ragusan, Vegliot, Zara/Zadar
• Neapolitan: about 8,000,000 in central-southern Italy
• Istriot 1,000 in Istria
• Sicilian: 6,000,000 in Sicily, Calabria and Puglia
• Italian: 60,000,000 in Italy; 3,000,000 in the Americas and 2,000,000 in Western Europe, Oceania and Africa. Italian dialects:
  • Romanesco: spoken in Rome
  • Salentino: spoken in Salento
  • Judeo-Italian: 4,000 Italy
• Corsican: related to Italian, and particularly Tuscan dialects

Italo-Western redirects here. ... Dalmatian is an extinct Romance language formerly spoken in the Dalmatia region of Croatia, and as far south as Kotor (Cattaro) in Montenegro. ... Neapolitan (autonym: napulitano; Italian: ) is a Romance language spoken in the city and region of Naples, Campania (Neapolitan: Nàpule, Italian: Napoli); close dialects are spoken throughout most of southern Italy, including the Gaeta and Sora districts of southern Lazio, parts of Abruzzo, Molise, Basilicata, northern Calabria, and northern and... Istriot is a Romance language spoken in the Western Region on the coast of the Istrian Peninsula (especially in the towns of Rovinj (Rovigno) and Vodnjan (Dignano)), on the upper northern part of the Adriatic Sea, in Croatia. ... Istria (Croatian and Slovenian: Istra, Venetian and Italian: Istria), formerly Histria (Latin), is the largest peninsula in the Adriatic Sea. ... Sicilian (, Italian: ) is a Romance language. ... Sicily ( in Italian and Sicilian) is an autonomous region of Italy and the largest island in the Mediterranean Sea, with an area of 25,708 km² (9,926 sq. ... For other uses, see Calabria (disambiguation). ... Apulia is a region of Italy (called Puglia in Italian), bordering on Molise to the north-west, Campania to the south-west, Basilicata to the south, the Adriatic Sea to the east and the Ionian Sea to the south-east. ... The Italian people generally indicates as Italian dialects all vernacular idioms spoken in Italy other than Italian and other recognized languages. ... Romanesco is a group of Romance dialects spoken in Rome and most of the surrounding regions of Lazio, Umbria, central Marche and extreme southern Tuscany in central Italy. ... The Salentino dialect is the traditional vernacular of the southern Italian province of Lecce, known more commonly as the Salento; the extreme southern part of the region of Puglia or the heel of the Italian peninsular. ... Salento Salento (Salentu in dialect) is the south-eastern extremity of the Apulia region of Italy. ... Italkian is a modern English name for Judeo-Italian linguistic varieties, in use mainly between the 10th and the 19th centuries in Rome and in central and northern Italy. ... Corsican (Corsu or Lingua Corsa) is a Romance language spoken on the island of Corsica (France), alongside French, which is the official language. ...

Western Romance languages

Main article: Western Romance languages

Western Romance languages comprise the Romance subgroup with the most languages and the most speakers. It includes three major international languages - French, Portuguese and Spanish as well as many regional languages, dialects and varieties. A regional language is a language spoken in a part of a country, be it may be a small area, a federal state or province, or a wider area. ...

Gallo-Iberian languages

Main article: Gallo-Iberian

Gallo-Romance languages Gallo-Italian languages Lombard Piedmontese Emilian-Romagnol Venetian Ligurian Gallo-Rhaetian languages Oïl languages(including French) Burgundian Champenois Franc-Comtois French Gallo Lorrain Norman Anglo-Norman Channel Island Norman Auregnais Dgèrnésiais Jèrriais Sercquiais Picard Poitevin-Saintongeais Walloon Rhaetian languages Friulian Ladin Romansh *Franco...

Gallo-Romance languages

Main article: Gallo-Romance languages

• Northern Italian languages (also called Padanian or Cisalpine)
  • Gallo-Italic languages group (not be confused with the whole Northern Italian group)
    • Emiliano-Romagnolo
    • Ligurian
      • Genoese
      • Monegasque
    • Lombard: Over 8,800,000 speakers in Lombardy and neighboring regions. Many regional varieties. Most speakers bilingual in Standard Italian.
      • Western Lombard:
      • Eastern Lombard
      • Gallo-siculo (also related to Sicilian and Piedmontese)
    • Piedmontese
  • Venetian group
    • Venetian: 1,500,000 in Veneto and Venezia-Giulia

• Gallo-Rhaetian languages
  • Franco-Provençal: endangered - Italy: Aosta Valley, Piedmont, Foggia; France: Rhône-Alpes, Franche-Comté; Switzerland: Romandy
    • Franco-Provençal dialects: see Franco-Provençal Dialect List
  • Oïl languages (most non-French Oïl languages now have some legal or administrative status as languages distinct from French^[1][2][3], but have also been regarded by some as French dialects^[4]):
    • Burgundian language (Bourguignon-Morvandiau)
    • Champenois: spoken in Champagne and Wallonia.
    • Franc-Comtois: spoken in Franche-Comté and Romandy.
    • French: 70 million Europe; 12 million Americas. Official language of France and its Overseas Territories, Monaco, Belgium, Luxembourg, Switzerland, Canada, Haiti, Lebanon, Vanuatu, parts of India and many countries in Africa. One of the six official languages of the United Nations, and one of its two working languages. A language of administration in Syria, Cambodia and Laos. Spoken and studied in many other countries.
      • French Dialects in Europe:
        • Aostan French (Italy)
        • Belgian French (Belgium)
        • Metropolitan French (France; Standard French Language)
        • Swiss French (Switzerland)
        • Meridional French (France)
      • French Dialects in the Americas:
        • Canadian French (Canada):
          • Acadian French
          • Newfoundland French
          • Quebec French
        • Cajun French (United States)
      • Zarphatic - Jewish French
    • Gallo: spoken in Brittany
    • Lorrain: spoken in Lorraine region and Wallonia (as Gaumais).
    • Norman: a group of languages in Normandy and the Channel Islands:
      • Anglo-Norman language: used in England after the Norman conquest of 1066. Extinct.
      • Auregnais: Alderney (extinct).
      • Continental dialects: including Augeron, Cauchois, Cotentinais
      • Guernésiais: spoken in Guernsey. Endangered.
      • Jèrriais: spoken in Jersey. Endangered.
        • Sercquiais: spoken in Sark. Highly endangered.
    • Picard
    • Poitevin-Saintongeais
    • Walloon
    • Welche
  • Rhaeto-Romance languages
    • Friulian: 2 million Friuli, Argentina, Canada, Australia, etc.
    • Ladin: Dolomites
    • Romansh: 66,000 Switzerland.

The Gallo-Romance branch of Romance languages includes French, Oïl languages, Catalan, and Occitan, among other languages. ... This article is about the Northern Italian language occasionally called Cisalpine. ... Gallo-Italic or Cisalpine is a language family within the Gallo-Romance languages. ... Northern Italian (traditional name in Romance linguistics) or Padanian (recent name) or Cisalpine (rare name) is a linguistic set with different definitions. ... Areas where Emiliano-Romagnolo is spoken Emiliano-Romagnolo (also known as Emilian-Romagnolo) is a Romance language mostly spoken in Emilia-Romagna. ... Ligurian is a Romance language, consisting of a group of Gallo-Italic dialects currently spoken in Liguria, northern Italy, and parts of the Mediterranean coastal zone of France, and Monaco. ... Genoese (Zeneize) is the variety of the ligurian language spoken in Genoa, the capital city of Liguria (Italy) . The Ligurian is listed by Ethnologue as a language in its own right (not to be confused with the ancient Ligurian language). ... Monégasque (or Munegascu) is a Romance language based on Zeneize, the modern Ligurian language; it is spoken in Monaco and taught in schools there. ... The term Lombard refers to a group of related varieties spoken mainly in Northern Italy (most of Lombardy and some areas of neighbouring regions) and Southern Switzerland (Ticino and Graubünden). ... Western Lombard is a Lombard language spoken in Italy, in Lombard provinces of Milan, Monza, Varese, Como, Lecco, Sondrio, little part of Cremona (Crema and neighbors), Lodi and Pavia, and Piedmont provinces of Novara, Verbano-Cusio-Ossola and little part of Vercelli (Valsesia), and Switzerland (Canton Ticino and part of... Eastern Lombard (sometimes also called Orobic) is a group of dialects spoken in the eastern side of Lombardy, mainly in the provinces of Bergamo, Brescia and Mantua and in the area around Crema. ... The gallo-siculo dialects represent a group of dialects found in central-eastern Sicily that date back to migrations from Northern Italy during the time of Roger I of Sicily and which continued after his death under his successor Roger II (from around 1080 to 1120). ... Sicilian (, Italian: ) is a Romance language. ... Piedmont is a region of northwestern Italy. ... Piedmontese (also known as Piemontèis, and Piemontese in Italian) is a language spoken by over 2 million people in Piedmont, northwest Italy. ... A sign in Venetian reading Here we also speak Venetian Venetian or Venetan is a Romance language spoken by over five million people,[1] mostly in the Veneto region of Italy. ... Veneto or Venetia, is one of the 20 regions of Italy. ... Franco-Provençal (Francoprovençal) or Arpitan (in vernacular: patouès) (in Italian: francoprovenzale, provenzale alpina, arpitano, patois; French: francoprovençal, arpitan, patois) is a Romance language with several dialects in a linguistic sub-group separate from Langue dOïl and Langue dOc. ... The Aosta Valley (Italian: Valle dAosta, French: Vallée dAoste, Arpitan: Val dOuta) is a mountainous Region in north-western Italy. ... For other uses, see Piedmont (disambiguation). ... The Province of Foggia (Italian: Provincia di Foggia) is a province in the Apulia (Puglia) region of Italy. ... (Région flag) (Region logo) Location Administration Capital Lyon Regional President Jean-Jack Queyranne (PS) (since 2004) Departments Ain Ardèche Drôme Isère Loire Rhône Savoie Haute-Savoie Arrondissements 25 Cantons 335 Communes 2,879 Statistics Land area1 43,698 km² Population (Ranked 2nd)  - January 1, 2006... (Region flag) (Region logo) Location Administration Capital Regional President Departments Doubs Haute-Saône Jura Territoire de Belfort Arrondissements 8 Cantons 116 Communes 1,786 Statistics Land area1 16,202 km² Population (Ranked 20th)  - January 1, 2006 est. ... The French-speaking part of Switzerland is shown in green on this map. ... Franco-Provençal (Francoprovençal) or Arpitan (in vernacular: patouès) (in Italian: francoprovenzale, provenzale alpina, arpitano, patois; French: francoprovençal, arpitan, patois) is a Romance language with several dialects in a linguistic sub-group separate from Langue dOïl and Langue dOc. ... The langue doïl language family in linguistics comprises Romance languages originating in territories now occupied by northern France, part of Belgium and the Channel Islands. ... Burgundian is either of the following; An extinct language of the Germanic language group spoken by the Burgundians. ... Champenois is a language spoken by a minority of people in France and in Belgium. ... For the wine region, see Champagne (wine region). ... Wallonia (French: Wallonie, German: Wallonien, Walloon: Walonreye, Dutch: Wallonië) or the Walloon Region (French: Région Wallonne, Dutch: Waals Gewest) is the predominantly French-speaking region that constitutes one of the three federal regions of Belgium, with its capital at Namur. ... Franc-Comtois is a language spoken by a minority of people in Franche-Comté. It is one of the langues doïl and is a regional language of France. ... (Region flag) (Region logo) Location Administration Capital Regional President Departments Doubs Haute-Saône Jura Territoire de Belfort Arrondissements 8 Cantons 116 Communes 1,786 Statistics Land area1 16,202 km² Population (Ranked 20th)  - January 1, 2006 est. ... The French-speaking part of Switzerland is shown in green on this map. ... For other uses, see Europe (disambiguation). ... World map showing the Americas CIA political map of the Americas The Americas are the lands of the Western hemisphere or New World, consisting of the continents of North America[1] and South America with their associated islands and regions. ... Aostan French (French: français dAoste) is the dialect of French spoken in the Aosta region of Italy, where there is a significant French population. ... Belgian French is primarily spoken in the French Community of Belgium, highlighted in red. ... French is a Romance language spoken originally in France, Belgium, and Switzerland, and today by about 130 million people around the world as a mother tongue or fluent second language, with significant populations in 54 countries. ... Swiss French (Suisse romand in French) is the name used for the different dialects of French spoken in the Francophone part of Switzerland known as Romandy. ... Meridional French (French: Français Méridional) is a regional variant of the French language. ... Canadian French is an umbrella term for the dialects or varieties of French found in Canada [1] and areas of French Canadian settlement in the United States. ... Note: This page or section contains IPA phonetic symbols in Unicode. ... Newfoundland French is a dialect of French that was once spoken by settlers in the French colony of Newfoundland. ... Note: This page or section contains IPA phonetic symbols in Unicode. ... Cajun French (sometimes called Louisiana Regional French [2]) is one of three varieties or dialects of the French language spoken primarily in the U.S. state of Louisiana, specifically in the southern parishes. ... Zarphatic or Judæo-French (Zarphatic: Tsarfatit) is an extinct Jewish language, formerly spoken among the Jewish communities of northern France and in parts of what is now west-central Germany, in such cities as Mainz, Frankfurt-am-Main, and Aachen. ... Gallo is a regional language of France, traditionally spoken in Eastern Brittany. ... Historical province of Brittany, showing the main areas with their name in Breton language The traditional flag of Brittany (the Gwenn-ha-du), formerly a Breton nationalist symbol but today used as a general civic flag in the region. ... With Lorrain you may mean: Lorrain language Claude Lorrain, (Claude Gelee, ca. ... (Région flag) (Region logo) Location Administration Capital Regional President Departments Meurthe-et-Moselle Meuse Moselle Vosges Arrondissements 19 Cantons 157 Communes 2,337 Statistics Land area1 23,547 km² Population (Ranked 11th)  - January 1, 2006 est. ... Wallonia (French: Wallonie, German: Wallonien, Walloon: Walonreye, Dutch: Wallonië) or the Walloon Region (French: Région Wallonne, Dutch: Waals Gewest) is the predominantly French-speaking region that constitutes one of the three federal regions of Belgium, with its capital at Namur. ... Norman is a Romance language and one of the Oïl languages. ... For other uses, see Normandy (disambiguation). ... This article is about the British dependencies. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Auregnais or Aurignais was the Norman dialect of the Channel Island of Alderney (French:Aurigny, Auregnais:Aoeurgny/Auregny). ... Capital St Anne Status Part of Guernsey, Crown dependency of the UK Official language(s) English Head of Government Sir Norman Browse Population 2,400 Currency Pound sterling (GBP). ... Map of the Pays d’Auge, 1716 Augeron is the Norman dialect of the Pays dAuge. ... Les Histouères de Thanase Pèqueu, published Rouen in 1933, a collection of stories in Cauchois by Gabriel Benoist. ... Map of Cotentin peninsula Cotentinais is the dialect of the Norman language spoken in the Cotentin Peninsula. ... Guernésiais, also known as Dgèrnésiais, Guernsey French, Guernsey Norman French, is the variety of Norman language spoken in Guernsey. ... Jèrriais is the form of the Norman language spoken in Jersey, in the Channel Islands. ... Sercquiais also known as Sarkese or Sark-French is the Norman dialect of the Channel Island of Sark. ... Flag of Sark The location of the Channel Islands in Europe An aerial view of Sark Sark (French: Sercq; Sercquiais: Sèr) is a small feudal island in the southwestern English Channel. ... Picard is a language closely related to French, and as such is one of the larger group of Romance languages. ... Poitevin (Poetevin) is a language spoken by the people in Poitou. ... Walloon (Walon) is a regional Romance language spoken as a second language by some in Wallonia (Belgium). ... Welche is a Gallo-Romance dialect of Lorrain spoken in Bas-Rhin and Haut-Rhin in France. ... Rhaeto-Romance languages are a Romance language sub-family which includes a few languages spoken in Switzerland and North-Eastern Italy. ... This article includes a list of works cited or a list of external links, but its sources remain unclear because it lacks in-text citations. ... Friulian Coats of Arms Friuli (Furlan: Friûl, German: Friaul, Slovenian: Furlanija) is an area in northeastern Italy, comprising the major part of the autonomous region Friuli-Venezia Giulia. ... Ladin (Ladino in Italian, Ladin in Ladin, Ladinisch in German) is a Rhaetian language spoken in the Dolomite mountains in Italy, between the regions of Trentino-Alto Adige and Veneto. ... // The Dolomites (Italian: Dolomiti; German: Dolomiten; Friulian: Dolomitis) are a section of the Alps. ... Romansh (also spelled Rumantsch, Romansch or Romanche) is one of the four national languages of Switzerland, along with German, Italian and French. ...

Occitan and Catalan

Main article: Occitano-Romance languages

There is a controversy about the classification of Catalan and Occitan languages. There is no consensus whether they belong to the Gallo-Romance or to the Ibero-Romance group or serve as transitional languages between those groups. Their grouping into a distinct group, Occitano-Romance languages, is disputed, too. ^{[citation needed]} The Occitano-Romance branch of Romance languages encompasses the dialects pertaining to the Occitan and the Catalan languages situated in Southern France, Andorra and Eastern Spain. ... Catalan IPA: (català IPA: or []) is a Romance language, the national language of Andorra, and a co-official language in the Spanish autonomous communities of Balearic Islands, Catalonia and Valencia, and in the city of LAlguer in the Italian island of Sardinia. ... Occitan (IPA AmE: ), known also as Lenga dòc or Langue doc (native name: occitan [1], lenga dòc [2]; native nickname: la lenga nòstra [3] i. ... The Gallo-Romance branch of Romance languages includes French, Oïl languages, Catalan, and Occitan, among other languages. ... The formation of Iberian Romance languages followed more or less this process: A common Romance language with dialectal differences was spoken throughout the ancient Roman Empire. ... The Occitano-Romance branch of Romance languages encompasses the dialects pertaining to the Occitan and the Catalan languages situated in Southern France, Andorra and Eastern Spain. ...

• Catalan: 6.5 million. Spoken in Spain, France, Andorra, Italy. The only official language of Andorra. Official in Catalonia, Valencian Community and Balearic Islands. Dialects:
  • Eastern Catalan
    • Alguerese: spoken in the town of Alghero in Sardinia.
    • Balearic
    • Central Catalan
    • Northern Catalan (Roussillonese)
  • Western Catalan
    • Ribagorçan
    • Southern Catalan (Valencian) (status of Valencian is a matter of dispute)

• Occitan: circa 2 million in France, Italy, Spain and Monaco:
  • Gascon: Bordeaux (Bordèu) country
    • Aranese: official in Aran Valley.
  • Shuadit: Jewish, also known as Judeo-Provençal. Extinct.
  • Lengadocian: Toulouse (Tolosa) country
  • Provençal: Marseilles (Marselha) country
  • Niçard: County of Nice
  • Vivaro-Alpine: Southern France and North-Western Italy.
    • Cisalpenc: Piedmont western valleys
  • Lemosin: Arrondissement of Limoges.
  • Auvergnat also known as Auvernhat: Auvergne province.

Catalan IPA: (català IPA: or []) is a Romance language, the national language of Andorra, and a co-official language in the Spanish autonomous communities of Balearic Islands, Catalonia and Valencia, and in the city of LAlguer in the Italian island of Sardinia. ... This article is about the Spanish autonomous community. ... Capital Valencia Official language(s) Valencian and Spanish Area  â€“ Total  â€“ % of Spain Ranked 8th  23,255 km²  4. ... Capital Palma de Mallorca Official language(s) Spanish and Catalan Area  â€“ Total  â€“ % of Spain Ranked 17th  4,992 km²  1. ... Dialectal map of Catalan Language Eastern Catalan is a set of Catalan language dialects spoken in lAlguer, Balearic Islands, Eastern Catalonia and Northern Catalonia. ... Alguerese or Algherese is the variant of the Catalan language spoken in the city of Alghero, in the northwest of Sardinia. ... Alghero (lAlguer in Catalan and SAlighèra in Sardinian), is a town of about 42,000 inhabitants (down from 54,300 inhabitants since early 20th century) in Italy. ... Balearic is the Catalan variant spoken in the Balearic Islands (Spanish las Islas Baleares), Spain. ... Catalan dialectal map Central Catalan is the Eastern Catalan dialect with the highest demographic weight, since it is commonly spoken in densely populated areas such as the whole Barcelona province, the eastern half of Tarragona province and most part of Girona province; except for it is northern part, where there... Catalan dialectal map Northern Catalan is an Eastern Catalan dialect mostly spoken in Northern Catalonia, but also extending in the northest part of Southern Catalonia in a transition zone with Central Catalan. ... Dialectal map of Catalan Language Western Catalan is a set of Catalan language dialects spoken in western Catalonia, La Franja, part of Andorra and Valencian Country. ... Ribagorçan is a romance dialect spoken in the Aragonese counties of Ribagorza and La Litera, in Huesca, and Alta Ribagorça in Lérida, Cataluña. ... Valencian (valencià) is the historical, traditional, and official name used in the Valencian Community (Spain) to refer to the language spoken therein, also known as Catalan (català) in the Spanish Autonomous Communities of Catalonia, Aragon and the Balearic Islands; in the country of Andorra; in the southern French region of... Occitan (IPA AmE: ), known also as Lenga dòc or Langue doc (native name: occitan [1], lenga dòc [2]; native nickname: la lenga nòstra [3] i. ... The Gascon language is an Occitan dialect mostly spoken in Gascony (in the French départements of Pyrénées-Atlantiques, Hautes-Pyrénées, Landes, Gers, Gironde, a part of Lot-et-Garonne, a part of Haute-Garonne, and a part of Ariège), and in the small Spanish... Aranese (aranés in Occitan/Gascon/Aranese) is a variety of Pyrenean Gascon (a dialect of the Occitan language), spoken in Val dAran, in northwestern Catalonia (Spain), where it is one of the three official languages besides Catalan and Spanish. ... Province Lleida Capital Vielha Largest city Vielha Demonym aranès () aranesa () Population 7130 (1996) Area 620. ... Shuadit, also spelled Chouhadite, Chouhadit, Chouadite, Chouadit, and Shuhadit is the extinct Jewish language of southern France, also known as Judæo-Provençal, Judéo-Comtadin, Hébraïco-Comtadin. ... Languedocien is a Romance language akin to Provençal spoken by some people in the part of southern France known as Languedoc. ... Provençal (Provençau in Provençal language) is one of several dialects spoken by a minority of people in southern France and other areas of France and Italy. ... Nicard (Niçois - French, Nissart - Niçard) is a distinct dialect of the Provençal language spoken in and around the city of Nice, or Nissa in Niçard, and the historical region Le Comté de Nice/Lou Coumtat de Nissa which is almost equivalent to the current French d... Foncet Garden, Nice County of Nice flag County of Nice coat of arms The County of Nice or Niçard Country (Niçard Occitan: Comtat de Niça / País Niçard, French: Comté de Nice / Pays Niçois, Italian: Contea di Nizza / Paese Nizzardo) is a historical region of... Vivaro-Alpine (English name) or Vivaroalpenc, Vivaroaupenc (native name) is the northeastern dialect of the Occitan language. ... The Limousin dialect is a Romance language akin to Provençal spoken or understood by about 400 000 people in the part of southern France known as Limousin. ... The arrondissement of Limoges is an arrondissement of France, located in the Haute-Vienne département, in the Limousin région. ... Auvergnat (French name) or Auvernhat (native name) is one of several dialects of the Occitan language spoken in Auvergne, which is a historical province in the northern part of Occitania. ... Auvergne coat of arms Auvergne (Occitan: Auvèrnhe/Auvèrnha) was the name of an historically independent county in the center of France, as well as later a province of France. ...

Iberian Romance languages

Main article: Iberian Romance languages

This group includes the West Iberian languages - Astur-Leonese, Spanish, Galician, Portuguese and their dialects. This article is about a subdivision of the Romance language family. ... West Iberian language is the subcategory of Romance languages, including Spanish and Portugese. ...

According to some opinions ^{[attribution needed]} it also includes Occitan and Catalan languages.

• West Iberian languages
  • Galician-Portuguese
    • Fala: 10,000 Spain.
    • Galician: 3 million in Galicia.
      • Eonavian
    • Judeo-Portuguese: extinct.
    • Portuguese: 230 million Portugal, Brazil; 26 million Africa and a few thousands Asia. Many mutually intelligible dialects, see Portuguese dialects for a full list.
  • Astur-Leonese
    • Asturian
    • Cantabrian
    • Extremaduran
    • Leonese
    • Mirandese: 5,000 Portugal.
  • Castilian (Spanish):
    • Castilian (Spanish): 360 million Spain, Americas. Official in Spain, United Nations, many countries of Latin America and Equatorial Guinea. See Spanish dialects and varieties for an exhaustive list.
    • Ladino.

West Iberian language is the subcategory of Romance languages, including Spanish and Portugese. ... Galician-Portuguese (also known as galego-português or galaico-português in Portuguese and as galego-portugués or galaico-portugués in Galician) was a West Iberian Romance language spoken in the Middle Ages, in the northwest area of the Iberian Peninsula. ... Fala language (SIL Code: FAX; ISO 639-2 code: roa) is a Romance language from the Portuguese-Galician subgroup spoken in Spain by about 10,500 people, of which 5,500 live in a valley of the northwestern part of Extremadura near the border with Portugal. ... Galician (Galician: galego, IPA: ) is a language of the Western Ibero-Romance branch, spoken in Galicia, an autonomous community with the constitutional status of historic nationality, located in northwestern Spain and small bordering zones in neighbouring autonomous communities of Asturias and Castilla y León. ... Eonavian or Eonaviego is a term used to refer a set of dialects or falas whose linguistic dominion extends in the zone of Asturias between the Eo and Navia rivers (or more exactly Eo and Barayo rivers). ... Judeo-Portuguese is the extinct Jewish language of the Jews of Portugal. ... A world map showing the continent of Africa Africa is the worlds second-largest and second most-populous continent, after Asia. ... For other uses, see Asia (disambiguation). ... The Portuguese dialects are variants of the Portuguese language that are shared by a substantial number of speakers over several generations, but are not sufficiently distinct from the official norms to be considered a separate language. ... Astur-Leonese or Bable (Asturianu in Asturian, Llïonés in Leonese) is a Romance language spoken in some parts of the provinces of Asturias, León, Zamora and Salamanca in Spain, and in the area of Miranda de Douro in Portugal (where it is officially recognized as Mirandese). ... Asturian, Leonese, Astur-Leonese or Bable (Asturianu in Asturian, Llïonés in Leonese) is a Romance language spoken in some parts of the provinces of Asturias, León, Zamora and Salamanca in Spain, and in the area of Miranda de Douro in Portugal (where it is officially recognized as... Cantabrian language or Mountain language is the name received the language used in the West of Cantabria and some zones of the Valley of Pas and the Valley of Soba, in its Eastern zone. ... Extremaduran is a Romance language spoken by some thousands in Spain, most of them in the autonomous community of Extremadura and the province of Salamanca. ... The Leonese language (Llïonés in Leonese) was developed from Vulgar Latin with contributions from the pre-Roman languages which were spoken in the territory of the Spanish provinces of León, Zamora, and Salamanca and in some villages in the District of Bragança, Portugal. ... The Mirandese language (Lhéngua Mirandesa in Mirandese; Língua Mirandesa or Mirandês in Portuguese) is spoken in northeastern Portugal. ... This article is about the international language known as Spanish. ... World map showing the Americas CIA political map of the Americas The Americas are the lands of the Western hemisphere or New World, consisting of the continents of North America[1] and South America with their associated islands and regions. ... Note: This page or section contains IPA phonetic symbols in Unicode. ... Not to be confused with Ladin. ...

Pyrenean-Mozarabic languages

Main article: Pyrenean-Mozarabic languages

• Aragonese: 10,000 in Aragon.
• Mozarabic: Southern Iberia (extinct)

Categories: Pages containing IPA | Language stubs | Romance languages | Languages of Spain ... Mozarabic was a continuum of closely related Iberian Romance dialects spoken in Muslim dominated areas of the Iberian Peninsula during the early stages of Romance languages development in Iberia. ...

Southern Romance

Main article: Southern Romance languages

• Sardinian: 300,000 Sardinia.
  • Campidanese
  • Logudorese
• Corsican:
  • Gallurese, Sassarese - dialects which are diasystems with Sardinian
• African Romance: Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia and Libya (extinct). ^{[citation needed]}

Southern Romance languages are parte of Romance languages that includes the Sardinian language and Sicilian language. ... This article or section is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ... For the place in the United States, see Sardinia, Ohio. ... Sardo Campidanese is a diasystem of the Sardinian language primarily spoken in the Province of Cagliari. ... This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ... Corsican (Corsu or Lingua Corsa) is a Romance language spoken on the island of Corsica (France), alongside French, which is the official language. ... Gallurese (gadduresu) is a diasystem of the Sardinian language, spoken in the Gallura (Gaddura), north-eastern part of Sardinia including the town of Tempio Pausania (Tempiu). ... Sassarese is a diasystem of the Sardinian language, spoken in Sassaris area (north-western part of Sardinia) in Italy. ... In linguistics, a diasystem is a term used in structural dialectology, to refer to a single genetic language which has two or more standard forms. ... This article or section is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ... African Romance is an extinct Romance language that was once spoken in North Africa (Algeria and Morocco). ...

Languages whose classification is unknown or disputed

• Romance Pannonian language: Hungary (extinct) - Texts have mostly been found in Pannonia (Hungary), but not enough to establish classification.

The Romance Pannonian language is an extinct language that was spoken in the romanized Pannonia after the fall of the Western Roman empire, until the X century. ... Position of the Roman province of Pannonia Pannonia is an ancient country bounded north and east by the Danube, conterminous westward with Noricum and upper Italy, and southward with Dalmatia and upper Moesia. ...

Pidgins and creoles

The global spread of colonial Romance languages has given rise to numerous creole languages and pidgins. Some of the lesser-used languages have also had influences on varieties spoken far from their traditional regions. The following is a partial list of creole languages and pidgins, grouped by their main source language. It has been suggested that Benign colonialism be merged into this article or section. ... A creole language, or simply a creole, is a stable language that originates seemingly as a new language, sometimes with features that are not inherited from any apparent source, without however qualifying in any appreciable way as a mixed language. ... This article is about simplified languages. ...

• Mediterranean Lingua Franca, influenced by the Romance languages of the Western Mediterranean and Arabic.
• French-based creole languages
• Portuguese-based creole languages
• Spanish-based creole languages

While not being pidgins nor creoles, English (see Middle English creole hypothesis), Basque and Albanian have a substantial Romance influence in their vocabularies. The Lingua franca of the Mediterranean or Sabir (know) was a pidgin language used as a Lingua franca in the Mediterranean Basin from the 11th to the 19th century. ... A French creole, more properly French-based creole language, is a creole language with substantial influence from the French language. ... Portuguese creoles are creole languages which have been significantly influenced by Portuguese. ... A number of Creole languages are based on the Spanish language. ... The English language is a West Germanic language that originates in England. ... The Middle English creole hypothesis is the conjecture that the English language is a creole, ie. ... Basque (native name: euskara) is the language spoken by the Basque people who inhabit the Pyrenees in North-Central Spain and the adjoining region of South-Western France. ...

For mixed languages based on Romance languages, see the main article on Mixed languages. A mixed language is a language that arises when speakers of different languages are in contact and show a high degree of bilingualism. ...

See also

• Classification of Romance languages
• Italian dialects
• List of languages of Italy
• Portuguese dialects
• Spanish dialects and varieties

The internal classification of the Romance languages is a rather controversial topic which may not even have a correct answer. ... The Italian people generally indicates as Italian dialects all vernacular idioms spoken in Italy other than Italian and other recognized languages. ... Map of languages and dialects of Italy Italy currently has one national language: Standard Italian. ... The Portuguese dialects are variants of the Portuguese language that are shared by a substantial number of speakers over several generations, but are not sufficiently distinct from the official norms to be considered a separate language. ... Note: This page or section contains IPA phonetic symbols in Unicode. ...

References

1. ^ Cerquiglini, Bernard. Les langues de la France, Rapport au Ministre de l'Education Nationale, de la Recherche et de la Technologie et à la Ministre de la Culture et de la Communication. Avril 1999
2. ^ Communauté française de Belgique - Service de langues régionales endogènes
3. ^ British-Irish council - Indigenous, Minority and Lesser-Used Languages
4. ^ Ethnologue report for Oïl

External links

• Romance language tree