Russia is a federation which consists of 89 subjects (Russian: субъе́кт(ы); English transliteration: subyekt(y)). These subjects are of equal federal rights in the sense that they have equal representation - 2 delegates each - in the Federation Council (upper house of the Russian parliament). However, they do differ in the degree of autonomy they enjoy.
All of the subjects are grouped into seven federal districts (Russian: федера́льные округа́, sing. федера́льный о́круг; English transliteration: federalnyye okruga, sing. federalny okrug), each administered by a governor appointed by the president of the federation.
For economic and statistical purposes the federal subjects are also grouped into eleven economic regions (Russian: экономи́ческие райо́ны, sing. экономи́ческий райо́н; English transliteration: ekonomicheskiye rayony, sing. ekonomichesky rayon).
Lower level subdivisions
The federal subjects are further subdivided (level 2):
Districts (Russian: райо́н(ы); English transliteration: rayon(y)). This is somewhat similar to the counties of the United States.
Cities/towns (Russian: города́, sing.: го́род; English transliteration: goroda, sing: gorod) and urban settlements (Russian: посёлки городско́го ти́па, sing.: посёлок городско́го ти́па; English transliteration: posyolki gorodskogo tipa, sing.: posyolok gorodskogo tipa) under the jurisdiction of the federal subject.
Autonomous districts (Russian: автоно́мные округа́, sing.: автоно́мный о́круг; English transliteration: avtonomnyye okruga, sing.: avtonomny okrug) under the jurisdiction of the federal subject (even though they are considered subdivisions of the lower level, they have a status of federal subjects themselves).
Level 3 subdivisions include:
Selsovets (Russian: сельсове́т(ы); English transliteration: selsovet(y)) (rural councils).
Towns and urban/rural settlements under the jurisdiction of the district.
The Soviet Union was established in December 1922 as the union of the Russian (colloquially known as Bolshevist Russia), Ukrainian, Belarusian, and Transcaucasian Soviet republics ruled by Bolshevik parties.
Modern revolutionary activity in the Russian Empire began with the Decembrist Revolt of 1825, and although serfdom was abolished in 1861, its abolition was achieved on terms unfavorable to the peasants and served to encourage revolutionaries.
After the dissolution of the Soviet Union on December 25, 1991, the RussianFederation claimed to be the legal successor to the Soviet state on the international stage.
Feeds |
Contact