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Image File history File links Circle-question-red. ... Image File history File links Unbalanced_scales. ...

Modern Turkic Countries

Independent states

• Azerbaijan
• Kazakhstan
• Kyrgyzstan
• Turkmenistan
• Turkey
• Uzbekistan

Image File history File links Flag_of_Azerbaijan. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Kazakhstan. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Turkmenistan. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Turkey. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Uzbekistan. ...

De facto states

• Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus ^[1]

The list of unrecognized countries enumerates those geo-political entities which lack general diplomatic recognition, but wish to be recognized as sovereign states. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_the_Turkish_Republic_of_Northern_Cyprus. ... Anthem Ä°stiklâl Marşı(Turkish) Independence March Capital Nicosia Official languages Turkish Government Representative democratic republic1  -  President Mehmet Ali Talat  -  Prime Minister Ferdi Sabit Soyer Sovereignty from Cyprus   -  Proclaimed November 15, 1983   -  Recognition Only by Turkey  Area  -  Total 3,355 km² (not ranked) 1,295 sq mi   -  Water (%) 2. ...

Autonomous Turkic republics in Russia

• Bashkortostan
• Chuvashia
• Sakha (Yakutia) Republic
• Tatarstan
• Tuva

The Republic of Bashkortostan, or Bashkiria (Russian: or ; Bashkir: ) is a federal subject of Russia (a republic). ... Capital Cheboksary Area - total - % water 81st - 18,300 km² - N/A Population - Total - Density 41st - est. ... The Sakha (Yakutia) Republic (Russian: ; Yakut: Саха Республиката) is a federal subject of Russia (a republic). ... Republic of Tatarstan (Russian: ; Tatar: ) is a federal subject of Russia (a republic). ... Tyva Republic IPA: (Russian: IPA: ; Tuvan: ), or Tuva (), is a federal subject of Russia (a republic). ...

Other autonomous republics in the Russian Federation

These republics have a small Turkic minority and official language is a Turkic language. This article is about the various peoples speaking one of the Turkic languages. ... The Turkic languages constitute a language family of some thirty languages, spoken across a vast area from Eastern Europe and the Mediterranean to Siberia and Western China, and are traditionally considered to be part of the proposed Altaic language family. ...

• Altai Republic
• Khakassia
• Kabardino-Balkaria
• Karachay-Cherkessia
• Taymyria

The Altai Republic (Russian: ; Altay: Алтай Республика) is a federal subject of Russia (a republic). ... Khakassia or Khakasiya (Russian: or ) is a federal subject of Russia (a republic) located in south central Siberia. ... Capital Nalchik Area - total - % water Ranked 83rd - 12,500 km² - negligible Population - Total - Density Ranked 60th - est. ... Karachay-Cherkess Republic (Russian: , or, less formal, Karachay-Cherkessia ) is a federal subject of Russia (a republic). ... Taymyria (Russian: ) is a federal subject of Russia (an autonomous okrug of Krasnoyarsk Krai). ...

Other autonomous Turkic regions

• Crimea in Ukraine
• Gagauzia in Moldova
• Xinjiang (also known as East Turkestan) in the People's Republic of China
• Karakalpakstan in Uzbekistan
• Nakhichevan in Azerbaijan

Motto: Процветание в единстве - Prosperity in unity Anthem: Нивы и горы твои волшебны, Родина - Your fields and mounts are wonderful, Motherland Location of Crimea (red) on the map of Ukraine. ... Capital Comrat Largest city Comrat Official languages Gagauz, Moldovan and Russian Government Governor Chairman of People Assembly Autonomous region of Moldova Gheorghi Tabunshik Stepan Esir Surface 1,832 km² 707 mi² Population 155,700 (2006) [1] Density 85/km² Creation April 23, 1994 Anthem Gagauziya Milli Marşı State religion Eastern... For the county in Shanxi province, see Xinjiang County. ... Karakalpakstan (Uzbek: Qoraqalpogiston Respublikasi or Қорақалпоғистон Республикаси; Karakalpak: Қарақалпақстан Республикасы or Qaraqalpaqstan Respublikası) is an autonomous republic of Uzbekistan. ... The Nakhichevan Autonomous Republic (Azerbaijani: Naxçıvan Muxtar Respublikası, Armenian: Õ†Õ¡Õ­Õ«Õ»Ö‡Õ¡Õ¶Õ« Ô»Õ¶Ö„Õ¶Õ¡Õ¾Õ¡Ö€ Õ€Õ¡Õ¶Ö€Õ¡ÕºÕ¥Õ¿Õ¸Ö‚Õ©ÕµÕ¸Ö‚Õ¶, Russian: Нахичеванская Автономная Республика, Persian:جمهوری خودمختار نخجوان, Turkish: Nahçıvan Özerk Cumhuriyeti), known simply as Nakhichevan, is a landlocked exclave of Azerbaijan. ...

Former and defunct countries

• Republic of Gumuljina (in Western Thrace, Greece) (1913)
• Azerbaijan Democratic Republic (1918-1920)
• South West Caucasian Republic (1918-1919)
• Republic of Aras (1918-1919)
• Azerbaijan SSR (1920-1991)
• Kazakh SSR (1920-1991)
• Turkmen SSR (1920-1991)
• People's Republic of Tannu Tuva (1921-1944)
• Kyrgyz SSR (1924-1991)
• Uzbek SSR (1924-1991)
• Turkish Islamic Republic of East Turkestan (1932-1934)
• Republic of Hatay (1938-1939)
• East Turkistan Republic (1944-1949)

Flag Capital Gümülcine Government Republic President Hoca Salih Efendi History  - Established August 31, 1913  - Disestablished October 25, 1913 Area 8,578 km² The Provisional Government of Western Thrace (Ottoman Turkish: غربی تراقیا حكومت موقته‌سی - Garbi Trakya Hükûmet-i Muvakkate) and after the official renaming the Independent Government of Western Thrace... Western or Greek Thrace (Greek Δυτική ή Ελληνική Θράκη,Turkish Batı Trakya) is the part of Thrace located between the rivers Nestos and Evros in northeastern Greece. ... Motto: None Anthem: AzÉ™rbaycan Respublikasının DövlÉ™t Himni March of Azerbaijan Map of the Azerbaijan Democratic Republic from 1919 to 1920. ... Flag Capital Kars Language(s) Turkish Government Republic President CihangiroÄŸlu Ä°brahim Bey Historical era Interwar period  - Partition 1 December, 1918  - British Occupation 19 April, 1919 Currency KuruÅŸ, Lira The Democratic Republic of South West Caucasus (December 1, 1918 – April 19, 1919) (Turkish: Cenubî Garbi Kafkas Cumhuriyeti) or the Kars... The Republic of Aras (Azerbaijani: Araz Respublikası; Armenian: Ô±Ö€Õ¡Ö„Õ½ Õ€Õ¡Õ¶Ö€Õ¡ÕºÕ¥Õ¿Õ¸Ö‚Õ©ÕµÕ¸Ö‚Õ¶; also known as the Republic of Araks or the Araxi Republic) was a short-lived and unrecognized state in the South Caucasus, roughly corresponding with the territory that is now the Nakhichevan Autonomous Republic of Azerbaijan. ... State motto: Бүтүн өлкәләрин пролетарлары, бирләшин! Workers of the world, unite! Official language None. ... State motto: Барлық елдердің пролетарлары, бірігіңдер! (Workers of the world, unite!) Official language None. ... State motto: Turkmen: Әхли юртларың пролетарлары, бирлешиң! Ökhli yurtlaryn proletalary, birlishin Translation: Workers of the world, unite! Capital Ashgabat Official language Turkmen and Russian Established In the USSR:  - Since  - Until August 7, 1921 May 30, 1925 October 27, 1991 Area  - Total  - Water (%) Ranked 4th in the USSR 488,100 km² 4. ... Map of Tyva Republic (Tuva), formerly the Tuvinian Peoples Republic The Tuvinian Peoples Republic (Peoples Republic of Tannu Tuva; Tuvan: Тыва Арат Республик) (1921-1944) was a state in the territory of the former Tuvan protectorate of Imperial Russia, also known as Uryankhaisky Krai (Урянхайский край). Following the Russian Revolution of 1917... State motto: Бардык өлкөлордүн пролетарлары, бириккиле! Official language None. ... State motto: Uzbek: Бутун дунё пролетарлари, бирлашингиз! Translation: Workers of the world, unite! Capital Tashkent Official language None. ... The Kokbayraq flag. ... Flag of the Republic of Hatay. ... East Turkistan Republic (or ETR) can refer to: The First East Turkistan Republic (1933-1934) The Second East Turkistan Republic (1943-1949) The general idea in favor of establishing an independent republic in what is currently the PRC-administered province of Xinjiang, popular among some Uyghur nationalists This is a...

Historical kingdoms and empires

The following listed kingdoms and empires were at some time ruled by Turkic kings/khans/shahs or other dynasties. Mentioning of any particular entity in this place should not be read to mean that the entity as a whole was Turkic or even had more than a significant minority of Turkic subjects. Khan (sometimes spelled as Xan, Han, Ke-Han) is a title. ... Shah or Shahzad is a Persian term for a monarch (ruler) that has been adopted in many other languages. ...

• Xiongnu (3rd century BC-4th century AD) (Recent genetics research^[2] confirms the other studies^[3] indicating the link to Turkic peoples^[4], on the other hand A. Vovin suggested a Yeniseian languages link^[5])
• Huns (4th century-5th century) (controversial) (Turkic origin is supported by O. Maenchen-Helfen on the basis of his linguistic studies.^[6][7])
• Gokturk State (552-744)
• Bulgars (2nd-9th century) (origin of Proto-Bulgars is controversial)
  • Great Bulgaria (580s-635)^{[citation needed]}
  • Volga Bulgaria (800-1236)^{[citation needed]}
• Pechenegs (860-1091)
• Khazars (7th-10th century)
• Uyghur State (744-840)
• Kyrgyz State (840-920)
• Kypchaks
• Kimeks
• Saqsin
• Kara-Khanid Khanate (840-1042)
• Later Tang Dynasty in China (923-936, founded by Shatuo Turks)
• Later Jin Dynasty in China (936-947, founded by Shatuo Turks)
• Later Han Dynasty in China (947-951, founded by Shatuo Turks)
• Kara-Khitan Khanate (1207-1487)^{[citation needed]}
• Mamluks (1250-1517) ("slaves" - partly Turkic)
• Karamanoğlu (13th century-1487)
• Black Sheep Turcomans & White Sheep Turcomans (1375-1468)
• Khanate of Kazan (1438-1552)
• Khanate of Astrakhan (1430s-1554)
• Siberia Khanate (1430s-1576)
• Qasim Khanate (15th -17th century)
• Kazakh Khanate (1456-1731)
• Khanate of Crimea (1441-1783)
• Jagoldai (15th-17th century)
• Ottoman Empire (1299-1922)^[8][9] (because the culture of the ruling dynasty, the House of Osman, was largely derived from the Persian culture, the Ottomans may also be regarded as Turkic Persianate; see also: Turko-Persian Tradition)^{[10][11][12][13]}

A Xiongnu belt buckle. ... The 3rd century BC started the first day of 300 BC and ended the last day of 201 BC. It is considered part of the Classical era, epoch, or historical period. ... (3rd century - 4th century - 5th century _ other centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 4th century was that century which lasted from 301 to 400. ... DNA, the molecular basis for inheritance. ... The Yenisei-Ostyak language family is spoken in central Siberia. ... The Huns were an early confederation of Central Asian equestrian nomads or semi-nomads. ... As a means of recording the passage of time, the 4th century was that century which lasted from 301 to 400. ... Europe in 450 The 5th century is the period from 401 to 500 in accordance with the Julian calendar in the Christian Era. ... Broadly conceived, linguistics is the study of human language, and a linguist is someone who engages in this study. ... The Göktürks or Kök-Türks known as Tujue (突厥 tu2 jue2) in medieval Chinese sources, established the first known Turkic state around 552, after the Huns, under the leadership of Bumin/Tuman Khan/Khaghan (d. ... Events July - Battle of Taginae: The Byzantine general Narses defeats and kills Totila, king of the Ostrogoths. ... Events February - Hildeprand succeeds Liutprand as king of the Lombards. ... Bulgar warriors slaughter Byzantines, from the Menology of Basil II, 10th century. ... The 2nd century is the period from 101 - 200 in accordance with the Julian calendar in the Christian Era. ... As a means of recording the passage of time the 9th century was the century that lasted from 801 to 900. ... In 632, Khan Kubrat united the Bulgars and formed a confederation of tribes, known as Great Bulgaria, or Bulgaria Magna, with a capital at the ancient city of Fanagoria. ... The Little Minaret in Bolghar For other uses, see Bulgaria (disambiguation). ... Pechenegs or Patzinaks, also known as Besenyők, were a semi-nomadic steppes people of Central Asia that spoke a Turkic language. ... The Khazars (Hebrew Kuzari כוזרי Kuzarim כוזרים; Turkish Hazar Hazarlar; Russian Хазарин Хазары; Tatar sing Xäzär Xäzärlär; Crimean Tatar: ; Greek Χαζάροι/Χάζαροι; Persianخزر khazar; Latin Gazari or Cosri) were a semi-nomadic Turkic people from Central Asia, many of whom converted to Judaism. ... The Uyghur (Uyghur: ئۇيغۇر; Uighur Simplified Chinese: 维吾尔; Traditional Chinese: 維吾爾; Pinyin: Wéiwúěr; Turkish: Uygur) are a Turkic people, forming one of the 56 ethnic groups officially recognized by the Peoples Republic of China. ... Languages Kyrgyz Religions Sunni Islam Related ethnic groups other Turkic peoples Kyrgyz (also spelled Kirghiz) are a Turkic ethnic group found primarily in Kyrgyzstan. ... Kypchaks (also Kipchaks, Qipchaqs) are an ancient Turkic people, first mentioned in historical chronicles of Central Asia in the 1st millennium BC. The western Kypchaks were also named Kuman, Kun and Polovtsian (pl. ... Kmek or Kimak was a nomadic tribe lived in modern Astrakhan Oblast of Russia in 9th-13th century. ... Location Saqsin was a medieval city that flourished from the eleventh to the thirteenth centuries. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Events After the death of Louis the Pious, his sons Lothar, Charles the Bald and Louis the German fight over the division of the empire, with Lothar succeeding as Emperor. ... Events April 18/April 19 - Emperor Michael V of the Byzantine Empire attempts to remain sole Emperor by sending his adoptive mother and co-ruler Zoe of Byzantium to a monastery. ... The Later Tang Dynasty was a short-lived dynasty that lasted from 923 to 936 one of the five dynasties during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period. ... The Shatuo 沙陀 were a Turkic tribe that heavily influenced northern Chinese politics from the late ninth century through the tenth century. ... The JÄ«n Dynasty (Jurchen: Anchu; Chinese: 金朝; Pinyin: JÄ«n Cháo; 1115-1234), also known as the Jurchen dynasty, was founded by the Wanyan (完顏 Wányán) clan of the Jurchen, the ancestors of the Manchus who established the Qing Dynasty some 500 years later. ... The Shatuo 沙陀 were a Turkic tribe that heavily influenced northern Chinese politics from the late ninth century through the tenth century. ... The Later Han Dynasty could refer to two dynasties in China: The Eastern Han Dynasty (206 BC - AD 9) A dynasty in the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period (936-947) This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same... The Shatuo 沙陀 were a Turkic tribe that heavily influenced northern Chinese politics from the late ninth century through the tenth century. ... The Kara-Khitan Khanate (Simplified Chinese: 西辽; Traditional Chinese: 西遼; pinyin: XÄ« Liaó) (1124 or 1125-1218), also known as Western Liao was established by Yelü Dashi (耶律大石) who led around 100,000 Khitan remnants after escaping Jurchen conquest of their native country, the Khitan dynasty (also known as Liao Dynasty). ... Events Stephen Langton consecrated Archbishop of Canterbury June 17 by Pope Innocent III Births September 8 - King Sancho II of Portugal October 1 - King Henry III of England (d. ... Events Richard Fox becomes Bishop of Exeter. ... An Ottoman Mamluk, from 1810 Mamluks (or Mameluks) (the Arabic word usually translates as owned, singular: مملوك plural: مماليك) comprised slave soldiers used by the Muslim Caliphs and the Ottoman Empire, and who on more than one occasion seized power for... // April 30 - King Louis IX of France released by his Egyptian captors after paying a ransom of one million dinars and turning over the city of Damietta. ... Year 1517 was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. ... Statue depicting Karamanogullu Mehmet Bey declaring Turkish as the official language of the state and all its institutions Beylik of Karaman or of KaramanoÄŸlu (KaramanoÄŸulları in plural), also called Karamanids was the first Turkic kingdom to accept Turkish as its official language. ... (12th century - 13th century - 14th century - other centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 13th century was that century which lasted from 1201 to 1300. ... Events Richard Fox becomes Bishop of Exeter. ... Karakoyunlu is a district of IÄŸdır Province of Turkey. ... Flag of the Ak Koyunlu (Colours are speculative) The Akkoyunlu or the White Sheep Turkomans (Azeri-Turkish: AÄŸqoyunlular/Akkoyunlular) were a Turkoman tribal federation that ruled present-day Azerbaijan, eastern Anatolia, northern Iraq and western Iran from 1378 to 1508. ... Events October 24 - Valdemar IV of Denmark dies and is succeeded by his grandson Olaf III of Denmark. ... August 26 - Baeda Maryam succeeds his father Zara Yaqob as Emperor of Ethiopia. ... Map of Kazan Khanate, early 1500s The Kazan Khanate (Tatar: Qazan xanlığı; Russian: Казанское ханство) (1438-1552) was a Tatar state on the territory of former Volga Bulgaria with its capital in Kazan. ... Events Pachacuti who would later create Tahuantinsuyu, or Inca Empire became the ruler of Cuzco In Italy, the siege of Brescia by the condottieri troops of Niccolò Piccinino was raised after the arrival of Scaramuccia da Forlì. January 1 - Albert II of Habsburg becomes King of Hungary March 18 - Albert... Events April - War between Henry II of France and Emperor Charles V. Henry invades Lorraine and captures Toul, Metz, and Verdun. ... The Astrakhan Khanate was a predominantly Turkic ( Tatar) state which existed in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries in the area adjacent to the mouth of the Volga, where the contemporary city of Astrakhan is now located. ... Events and Trends A map of Europe in the 1430s. ... Events January 5 - Great fire in Eindhoven, Netherlands. ... Siberia Khanate is an anachronistic rendering of its actual name Khanate of Sibir, a Tatar khanate in the later Russian Siberia. ... Events and Trends A map of Europe in the 1430s. ... Events May 5 - Peace of Beaulieu or Peace of Monsieur (after Monsieur, the Duc dAnjou, brother of the King, who negotiated it). ... Qasim Khanate was a Tatar territorial formation, vassal of Muscovy, which exsited from 1452 till 1681 on the territory of modern Ryazan Oblast in Russia with capital Kasimov. ... Flag¹ Motto Alash! Capital Hazrat-e Turkestan Language(s) Kazakh Religion Sunni Islam Government Monarchy Khan  - 1465—1480 Janybek Khan and Kerei Khan (first) History  - Established 1456  - Disestablished 1731 Kazakh Khanate (Kazakh: Қазақ хандығы, Russian: Казахское ханство) was a Kazakh state that existed in 1456-1731, located roughly on the territory of present day... // Events July 7 - Joan of Arc acquitted (but she had already been executed). ... Events 10 Downing Street becomes the official residence of the United Kingdoms Prime Minister when Robert Walpole moves in. ... The Crimean Khanate (Khanate of Crimea) was an independent Turkic state (khanate) founded in 1441 by Haci Giray Khan, a descendant of Genghis Khan. ... This page is about the year 1441. ... 1783 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... Jagoldai, CaÄŸalday (Polish: Jaholdaj ) (pronounce: yah-gohl-DAI or jah-ghahl-DAY) – little Tatar tyumen (duchy) in today Kursk Oblast of Russia, vassal of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania in 15th-16th century. ... (14th century - 15th century - 16th century - other centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 15th century was that century which lasted from 1401 to 1500. ... (16th century - 17th century - 18th century - more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 17th century was that century which lasted from 1601-1700. ... Motto دولت ابد مدت Devlet-i Ebed-müddet (The Eternal State) Anthem Ottoman imperial anthem Borders in 1680, see: list of territories Capital Söğüt (1299–1326) Bursa (1326–65) Edirne (1365–1453) Constantinople (Ä°stanbul, 1453–1922) Language(s) Ottoman Turkish Government Monarchy [[Category:Former monarchies}}|Ottoman Empire, 1299]] Sultans  - 1281–1326... Events Osman I declares the independence of the Ottoman Principality The County of Holland is annexed by the County of Hainaut April 1, 1299 Kings Towne on the River Hull granted city status by Royal Charter of King Edward I of England. ... Year 1922 (MCMXXII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar). ... The Ottoman Dynasty (or the Imperial House of Osman) ruled the Ottoman Empire from 1281 to 1923, beginning with Osman I (not counting his father, ErtuÄŸrul), though the dynasty was not proclaimed until 1383 when Murad I declared himself sultan. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Turko-Persian Tradition. ... This article or section may contain original research or unverified claims. ...

Turco-Mongol and Turkic Persianate

Main articles: Turco-Mongol, Persianate, and Turko-Persian Tradition

• Ghaznavid dynasty (962-1187) (ruled by a predominantly Persian-speaking family of Turkic mamluk origin; the Turkic identity of the dynasty is controversial)^[14][15]
• Seljuq dynasty (1073-1307) (ruled by a predominantly Persian-speaking family of originally Oghuz Turkic descent; the Turkic identity of the dynasty is controversial)^{[16][14][17][10]}
• Khwarezm Shahs (1097-1231) (ruled by a predominantly Persian-speaking family of Turkic mamluk origin; Turkic identity of the dynasty is controversial)^[18]
• Golden Horde (1227-1502)^[19] (Turkicized nomadic confederation, originally ruled by a Mongol elite)
• Timurid dynasty (1370-1506) (Turkicized and Persianized dynasty of Mongol origin)
• Safavid dynasty (1501–1722) (Rulers of Persia from a predominantly Turkic-speaking family originally of Iranic, most probably Kurdish^{[20][21][22][23][24][25][26]}, descent who hailed from Iranian Kurdistan)^[27][28][29]
• Qajar dynasty (1781-1925) (A Persian dynasty^[30] of originally Turkic Oghuz descent^[31], which ruled Persia).

The Turco-Mongols were the aristocratic, nomadic, mostly Turkic-speaking horsemen of Turkic and Mongolian descent who served as rulers and conquerors in Central and West Asian societies during the Middle Ages. ... Persianate societies are those whose linguistic, material, and artistic cultural activities derives from the Persian language and culture. ... This article or section may contain original research or unverified claims. ... The Ghaznavid Empire (سلسله غزنویان in Persian) was a state in the region of todays Afghanistan that existed from 962 to 1187. ... Events February 2 - Pope John XII crowns Otto I the Great Holy Roman Emperor. ... // Events May 1 - Battle of Cresson - Saladin defeats the crusaders July 4 - Saladin defeats Guy of Lusignan, King of Jerusalem, at the Battle of Hattin. ... Persian (Local names: فارسی Fârsi or پارسی Pârsi)* is an Indo-European language spoken in Iran, Afghanistan and Tajikistan as well as by minorities in Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, India, Pakistan, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Southern Russia, neighboring countries, and elsewhere. ... A Mamluk cavalryman, drawn in 1810 A mamluk (Arabic: مملوك (singular), مماليك (plural), Turkish: Kölemen, owned; also transliterated mameluk, mameluke, or mamluke) was a slave soldier who was converted to Islam and served the Muslim caliphs and the Ayyubid sultans during the Middle Ages. ... The Seljuqs (also Seldjuk, Seldjuq, Seljuk, sometimes also Seljuq Turks; in Turkish Selçuklular; in Persian: á¹¢aljÅ«qÄ«yān; in Arabic سلجوق SaljÅ«q, or السلاجقة al-Salājiqa) were a Sunni Muslim dynasty that ruled parts of Central Asia and the Middle East from the 11th to 14th centuries. ... Events Cardinal Hildebrand elevated to papacy as Pope Gregory VII, succeeding Pope Alexander II Emperor Shirakawa ascends the throne of Japan Rabbi Yitchaki Alfassi finishes writing the Rif, an important work of Jewish law. ... January 18 - German king Albrecht I makes his son Rudolf king of Bohemia. ... Persian (Local names: فارسی Fârsi or پارسی Pârsi)* is an Indo-European language spoken in Iran, Afghanistan and Tajikistan as well as by minorities in Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, India, Pakistan, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Southern Russia, neighboring countries, and elsewhere. ... The Oghuz Turks (also with various alternate spellings, including Oguz, OÄŸuz, Ouz, Okuz, Oufoi, Guozz, Ghuzz and Uz) are regarded as one of the major branches of Turkic peoples. ... Khwarezmid Empire After Islamic Conquest  Modern (SSR = Soviet Socialist Republic) Afghanistan  Azerbaijan  Bahrain  Iran  Iraq  Tajikistan  Uzbekistan  This box:      The Khwarezmid Empire (Persian: , KhwārezmÅ¡hāḥīān, Kings of Khwarezmia) was a Sunni Muslim dynasty that ruled in Central Asia and Iran, first as vassals of the Seljuqs and later... Events Edgar I deposes Donald III to become king of Scotland. ... // Events Ardengus becomes bishop of Florence. ... Persian (Local names: فارسی Fârsi or پارسی Pârsi)* is an Indo-European language spoken in Iran, Afghanistan and Tajikistan as well as by minorities in Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, India, Pakistan, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Southern Russia, neighboring countries, and elsewhere. ... The four successor Khanates of the Mongol Empire: Empire of the Great Khan (Yuan Dynasty), Golden Horde, Il-Khanate and Chagatai Khanate The Golden Horde (Mongolian: Altan Ordyn Uls; Turkish: ; Tatar: ; Russian: ) was a Mongol[1][2][3][4] — later Turkicized[3] — khanate established in parts of present-day Russia... January 11 first mention of city of Požega in a charter of Andrew II of Hungary March 19 - Pope Gregory IX succeeds Pope Honorius III as the 178th pope. ... 1502 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Timurid Empire (blue area) c. ... Events Beginning of the rule of Poland by Capet-Anjou family. ... 1506 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Persianization or Persianisation is a term used to describe a cultural change in which something non-Persian (or Iranian) is made to become Persian (or Iranian) It is commonly used in connection with Kurds, Arabs, as well as various Turkic peoples. ... The Safavid Empire at its 1512 borders. ... 1501 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... // Events Abraham De Moivre states De Moivres theorem connecting trigonometric functions and complex numbers Publication of the first book of Bachs Well-Tempered Clavier Fall of Persias Safavid dynasty during a bloody revolt of the Afghani people. ... The Persian Empire was a series of historical empires that ruled over the Iranian plateau, the old Persian homeland, and beyond in Western Asia, Central Asia and the Caucasus. ... This article is about the group of peoples who speak Iranian languages. ... Languages Kurdish Religions Predominantly Sunni Muslim also some Shia, Yazidism, Yarsan, Judaism, Christianity Related ethnic groups other Iranian peoples (Talysh Baluch Gilak Bakhtiari Persians) The Kurds are an ethnic group who consider themselves to be indigenous to a region often referred to as Kurdistan, an area which includes adjacent parts... Iranian Kurdistan (Kurdish: Kurdistana ÃŽranê [1] or Kurdistana Rojhilat (Eastern Kurdistan) [2] or Rojhilatê Kurdistan (East of Kurdistan) [3]) is an unofficial name for the parts of Iran inhabited by Kurds and has borders with Iraq and Turkey. ... The Qajar dynasty ( ) (Persian: ‎ - or دودمان قاجار - Qâjâr) was the ruling family of Persia from 1781 to 1925. ... 1781 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... Year 1925 (MCMXXV) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... For information about all peoples of Iran, see Demographics of Iran. ... For all Turkic groupings and Turkic history, see Turkic peoples. ... For other uses of this term see: Persia (disambiguation) The Persian Empire is the name used to refer to a number of historic dynasties that have ruled the country of Persia (Iran). ...

Turkic States in Eastern Europe

• The Avar kingdom^{[citation needed]}
• Crimean Khanate (1441-1783)

v • d • e

Turkic-speaking regions

Federal subjects of Russia shown in italics

Western Turkic  Azerbaijan1 Gagauzia (Moldova)  Kazakhstan  Uzbekistan Late Avar period Map showing the location of Avar Khaganate, c. ... Flag Crimean Khanate in 1600 Capital Bakhchisaray Government Monarchy History  - Established 1441  - Annexed to Russia 1783 The Crimean Khanate or the Khanate of Crimea (Crimean Tatar: ; Russian: - Krymskoye khanstvo; Ukrainian: - Krymske khanstvo; Turkish: ) was a Crimean Tatar state from 1441 to 1783. ... The Turkic languages constitute a language family of some thirty languages, spoken across a vast area from Eastern Europe and the Mediterranean to Siberia and Western China, and are traditionally considered to be part of the proposed Altaic language family. ... Russia is a federation which consists of 86 subjects[1]. These subjects are of equal federal rights in the sense that they have equal representation—two delegates each—in the Federation Council (upper house of the Russian parliament). ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Azerbaijan. ... Image File history File links Flagge_Gagausien_01_01. ... Capital Comrat Largest city Comrat Official languages Gagauz, Moldovan and Russian Government Governor Chairman of People Assembly Autonomous region of Moldova Gheorghi Tabunshik Stepan Esir Surface 1,832 km² 707 mi² Population 155,700 (2006) [1] Density 85/km² Creation April 23, 1994 Anthem Gagauziya Milli Marşı State religion Eastern... Image File history File links Flag_of_Kazakhstan. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Uzbekistan. ... Eastern Turkic  Altai Republic  Tuva

Bashkortostan  Kabardino-Balkaria  Tatarstan  Xinjiang (China (PRC)) Image File history File links Flag_of_Altai_Republic_(bordered). ... The Altai Republic (Russian: ; Altay: Алтай Республика) is a federal subject of Russia (a republic). ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Tuva. ... Tyva Republic IPA: (Russian: IPA: ; Tuvan: ), or Tuva (), is a federal subject of Russia (a republic). ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Bashkortostan. ... The Republic of Bashkortostan, or Bashkiria (Russian: or ; Bashkir: ) is a federal subject of Russia (a republic). ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Kabardino-Balkaria. ... Capital Nalchik Area - total - % water Ranked 83rd - 12,500 km² - negligible Population - Total - Density Ranked 60th - est. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Tatarstan. ... Republic of Tatarstan (Russian: ; Tatar: ) is a federal subject of Russia (a republic). ... Image File history File links Flag_of_the_Peoples_Republic_of_China. ... For the county in Shanxi province, see Xinjiang County. ... “PRC” redirects here. ...  Khakassia

Chuvashia  Karachay-Cherkessia  Turkey Image File history File links Flag_of_Khakassia. ... Khakassia or Khakasiya (Russian: or ) is a federal subject of Russia (a republic) located in south central Siberia. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Chuvashia. ... Capital Cheboksary Area - total - % water 81st - 18,300 km² - N/A Population - Total - Density 41st - est. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Karachay-Cherkessia. ... Karachay-Cherkess Republic (Russian: , or, less formal, Karachay-Cherkessia ) is a federal subject of Russia (a republic). ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Turkey. ...  Kyrgyzstan Image File history File links Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan. ...

Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus2 Karakalpakstan (Uzbekistan)  Turkmenistan Image File history File links Flag_of_the_Turkish_Republic_of_Northern_Cyprus. ... Anthem Ä°stiklâl Marşı(Turkish) Independence March Capital Nicosia Official languages Turkish Government Representative democratic republic1  -  President Mehmet Ali Talat  -  Prime Minister Ferdi Sabit Soyer Sovereignty from Cyprus   -  Proclaimed November 15, 1983   -  Recognition Only by Turkey  Area  -  Total 3,355 km² (not ranked) 1,295 sq mi   -  Water (%) 2. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Karakalpakstan. ... Karakalpakstan (Uzbek: Qoraqalpogiston Respublikasi or Қорақалпоғистон Республикаси; Karakalpak: Қарақалпақстан Республикасы or Qaraqalpaqstan Respublikası) is an autonomous republic of Uzbekistan. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Turkmenistan. ...  Sakha Republic Image File history File links Flag_of_Sakha. ... The Sakha (Yakutia) Republic (Russian: ; Sakha: Саха Республиката) is a federal subject of Russia (a republic). ...

¹ Includes the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic.    ² Recognized only by Turkey; see Cyprus dispute.

Map of Azerbaijan, showing Naxçıvan to the bottom-left Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic (or Naxçıvan Muxtar Respublikası) is an exclave of Azerbaijan. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ...

See also

• Turkic peoples
• Turkic languages

This article is about the various peoples speaking one of the Turkic languages. ... The Turkic languages constitute a language family of some thirty languages, spoken across a vast area from Eastern Europe and the Mediterranean to Siberia and Western China, and are traditionally considered to be part of the proposed Altaic language family. ...

Notes

This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Encyclopædia Iranica is a project in Columbia Universitys Center for Iranian studies, to create an English language encyclopedia about Iran and Persia. ... Encyclopædia Iranica is a project in Columbia Universitys Center for Iranian studies, to create an English language encyclopedia about Iran and Persia. ... Encyclopædia Iranica is a project in Columbia Universitys Center for Iranian studies, to create an English language encyclopedia about Iran and Persia. ... Firishta or Ferishta (c. ... Pirooz (the winner) was son of Yazdgerd III the last Sassanid king of Persia. ... Yazdgerd III (Persian: یزدگرد سوم, made by God), last king of Sassanid dynasty, a grandson of Khosrau II (590–628), who had been murdered by his son Kavadh II of Persia in 628, and was raised to the throne in 632 after a series of internal conflicts. ... Encyclopædia Iranica is a project in Columbia Universitys Center for Iranian studies, to create an English language encyclopedia about Iran and Persia. ... Abu Ali al-Hasan al-Tusi Nizam al-Mulk (نظام الملك، ابو علي الحسن الطوسي in Arabic; 1018 - 14 October 1092) was a celebrated Persian vizier of the Seljuk... ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Caucasus Mountains. ... Map of Central Asia showing three sets of possible boundaries for the region Central Asia located as a region of the world Central Asia is a vast landlocked region of Asia. ... The British Academy is the United Kingdoms national academy for the humanities and the social sciences. ...

External links

• InfoTurkish
• A comparative essay on the Seljuk and Ottoman Empires