FACTOID # 75: Two-thirds of the world's executions occur in China.
 
 Home   Encyclopedia   Statistics   Countries A-Z   Flags   Maps   Education   Forum   FAQ   About 
 
WHAT'S NEW
RECENT ARTICLES
More Recent Articles »
 

SEARCH ALL

FACTS & STATISTICS    Advanced view

Search encyclopedia, statistics and forums:

 

 

(* = Graphable)

 

 


Encyclopedia > List of additives in cigarettes
It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Chemicals in a cigarette. (Discuss)

This is the list of 599 additives in cigarettes submitted to the Department of Health and Human Services in April of 1994. The 5 major tobacco companies that reported the information were: Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Cigarette#Contents of a cigarette. ... The United States Department of Health and Human Services, often abbreviated HHS, is a Cabinet department of the United States government with the goal of protecting the health of all Americans and providing essential human services. ... 1994 was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar, and was designated the International year of the Family. ... The tobacco industry comprises those persons and companies engaged in the growth, preparation for sale, shipment, advertisement, and distribution of tobacco and tobacco-related products. ...

One significant issue is that while all these chemical compounds have been approved as additives to food, they were not tested by burning. Burning changes the properties of chemicals. More than 4000 chemical compounds are created by burning a cigarette. The American Tobacco Company was founded in 1890 by J. B. Duke as a merger between a number of tobacco manufacturers including Allen and Ginter. ... Brown & Williamson is an American tobacco company, which produces cigarette brands. ... Liggett Tobacco, formerly known as Liggett & Myers Tobacco Company is the smallest of the major U.S. tobacco companies. ... Altria Group, Inc. ... The RJR Headquarters building (back left) in Winston Salem, NC was built prior to the Empire State Building, which was designed by the same architect. ... A chemical compound is a chemical substance of two or more different chemically bonded chemical elements, with a fixed ratio determining the composition. ... Food additives are substances added to food to preserve flavor or improve its taste and appearance. ... A combustion reaction taking place in a igniting match Combustion or burning is a complex sequence of exothermic chemical reactions between a fuel and an oxidant accompanied by the production of heat or both heat and light in the form of either a glow or flames. ... A smoking symbol. ...


Contents: Top - 0–9 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z


A

Acetic acid, also known as ethanoic acid, is an organic chemical compound best recognized for giving vinegar its sour taste and pungent smell. ... 3-Hydroxybutanone, also known as acetoin or acetyl methyl carbinol, is a chemical compound composed of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. ... Acetophenone is a crystalline ketone that is used as a solvent for cellulose ethers and esters in the manufacture of alcohol-soluble resins. ... Alanine (Ala, A) also 2-aminopropanoic acid is a non-essential α-amino acid. ... Binomial name Medicago sativa L. Subspecies subsp. ... Binomial name Pimenta dioica (L.) Merr. ... Binomial name Prunus dulcis (Mill. ... Ambergris Ambergris (Ambra grisea, Ambre gris, ambergrease, or grey amber) is a solid, waxy, flammable substance of a dull grey or blackish color, with the shades being variegated like marble. ... Ammonia is a compound with the formula NH3. ... Ammonium bicarbonate (also called bicarbonate of ammonia, ammonium hydrogen carbonate, hartshorn, or powdered baking ammonia) is the bicarbonate salt of ammonia. ... Main article: ammonia Ammonium hydroxide, although it doesnt exist as an isolatable chemical compound, is a name sometimes given to an aqueous solution of ammonia. ... Ammonium phosphate - Molar Mass = 149. ... Ammonium sulfide, (NH4)2S, is obtained, in the form of micaceous crystals, by passing hydrogen sulfide mixed with a slight excess of ammonia through a well-cooled vessel; the hydrosulfide NH4·HS is formed at the same time. ... There are eight isomers of amyl alcohol (C5H11OH): Three of these alcohols, active amyl alcohol, methyl (n) propyl carbinol, and methyl isopropyl carbinol, contain an asymmetric carbon atom and can consequently each exist in two optically active, and one optically inactive form. ... Pentyl butyrate, also known as pentyl butanoate or amyl butyrate, is an ester that is formed when pentanol is reacted with butyric acid, usually in the presence of sulfuric acid as a catalyst. ... Anethole (or trans-anethole) is an aromatic compound that accounts for the distinctive licorice flavor of anise, fennel, and star anise. ... Species About 50 species; see text Angelica is a genus of about 50 species of tall biennial and perennial herbs in the family Apiaceae, native to temperate and subarctic regions of the Northern Hemisphere, reaching as far North as Iceland and Lapland. ... Pimpinella species, but the name anise is frequently applied to Fennel. ... Binomial name Illicium verum Hook. ... This article is about the satellite APPLE. For the fruit apple, see Apple. ... Binomial name Prunus armeniaca L. For other uses, see Apricot (disambiguation). ... Arginine (Arg) is an α-amino acid. ... Binomial name Ferula assafoetida L. Asafoetida (Ferula assafoetida, family Apiaceae) is a species of Ferula native to Iran. ... This article deals with the molecular aspects of ascorbic acid. ... For other articles using the abbreviation or acronym asn see ASN. Asparagine is one of the 20 most common natural amino acids on Earth. ... Aspartic acid (Asp, D), also known as aspartate, the name of its anion, is one of the 20 natural proteinogenic amino acids which are the building blocks of proteins. ...

B

Tolu balsam or balsam of Tolu (a variant of balsam of Peru) is the resinous secretion of Myroxylon toluifera. ... Binomial name Ocimum basilicum L. Basil (Ocimum basilicum) of the Family Lamiaceae is also known as Sweet Basil. ... bay leaves Bay leaf (plural bay leaves) is the aromatic leaf of several species of the Laurel family (Lauraceae). ... Benzaldehyde (C6H5CHO) is a chemical compound consisting of a benzene ring with an aldehyde substituent. ... Benzoic acid, C7H6O2 (or C6H5COOH), is a colorless crystalline solid and the simplest aromatic carboxylic acid. ... Benzoin is also used to describe benzoin resin, which does not contain the benzoin described on this page. ... Benzophenone, also known as diphenylmethanone, phenyl ketone, diphenyl ketone, or benzoylbenzene. ... Benzyl alcohol, also known as phenylmethanol, is a clear, colorless liquid with a mild pleasant aromatic odor. ... This page may meet Wikipedias criteria for speedy deletion. ... Trinomial name Citrus aurantium subsp. ... Binomial name Ribes nigrum L. The blackcurrant is a temperate shrub which produces small edible berries with a high natural vitamin C content, which are very dark purple/blue in colour—almost black—hence the name. ... Borneol is a bicyclic organic compound and a terpene. ... Diacetyl is a natural by-product of secondary or malolactic fermentation. ... Butanol or butyl alcohol (sometimes also called biobutanol when produced biologically), is an alcohol with a 4 carbon structure and the molecular formula of C4H10O. It is primarily used as a solvent, as an intermediate in chemical synthesis, and as a fuel. ... 2-Butanone is a manufactured organic chemical but it is also present in the environment from natural sources. ... Butter is commonly sold in sticks (pictured) or blocks, and frequently served with the use of a butter knife. ... The chemical compound n-butyl acetate, also known as 1-butyl ethanoate, is commonly used as a solvent in the production of lacquers and other products. ... Butyl butyrate, or butyl butanoate, is an organic compound which is an ester formed by the condensation of butyric acid and butanol. ... Butyric acid, (from Greek βουτυρος = butter) IUPAC name n-Butanoic acid, or normal butyric acid, is a carboxylic acid with structural formula CH3CH2CH2-COOH. It is notably found in rancid butter, parmesan cheese, and vomit, and has an unpleasant odor and acrid taste, with a sweetish aftertaste (similar to ether). ...

C

This page meets Wikipedias criteria for speedy deletion. ... Caffeine is a xanthine alkaloid compound that acts as a stimulant in humans. ... Calcium carbonate is a chemical compound, with chemical formula CaCO3. ... Camphene is bicyclic monoterpene. ... Binomial name Cananga odorata (Lam. ... Pepper spray is a non-lethal chemical agent which is used in riot control and personal self-defense. ... Caramel coloring is caramel used as a food coloring; like caramel candy, it is made by controlled heating of sugar, generally in the presence of acids or alkalis and possibly other compounds, a process called caramelization. ... Binomial name Carum carvi L. Caraway or Persian cumin (Carum carvi) is a biennial plant in the family Apiaceae, native to Europe and western Asia. ... Carbon dioxide is a chemical compound composed of one carbon and two oxygen atoms. ... Genera Aframomum Amomum Elettaria The name cardamom (sometimes written cardamon) is used for species within three genera of the Ginger family (Zingiberaceae), namely Elettaria, Amomum and Aframomum. ... Binomial name Ceratonia siliqua Linnaeus The Carob tree (from Arabic: خروب kharoub and Hebrew: חרוב Charuv), Ceratonia siliqua, is an evergreen shrub or tree native to the Mediterranean region, cultivated for its edible seed pods. ... Carotene is a terpene, an orange photosynthetic pigment, important for photosynthesis. ... Binomial name Daucus carota L. Percentages are relative to US recommendations for adults. ... Carvacrol, or cymophenol, C6H3CH3(OH)(C3H7), is a constituent of the ethereal oil of Origanum hirtum, oil of thyme, oil obtained from pepperwort, and wild bergamot. ... R-phrases 22 S-phrases 36 RTECS number OS8650000 (R) OS8670000 (S) Supplementary data page Structure and properties n, εr, etc. ... Caryophyllene, or (−)-β-caryophyllene, is a natural bicyclic sesquiterpene that is a constituent of some essential oils, especially clove oil and the oil from the stems and flowers of Syzygium aromaticum. ... Binomial name Cinnamomum aromaticum Nees Cassia (Cinnamomum aromaticum, synonym ), also called Chinese cinnamon, is an evergreen tree native to southern China and mainland Southeast Asia west to Myanmar. ... For the Canadian actress, see Cassie Steele. ... Castoreum is the glandular secretion of the beaver. ... Species Cedrus deodara Cedrus libani    var. ... Cedarwood may refer to The cedar tree HMCS Cedarwood (AGSC 539), a ship Category: ... Binomial name Apium graveolens L. Celery (Apium graveolens dulce) is a herbaceous biennial plant in the family Apiaceae, native to the coasts of western and northern Europe, most commonly in ditches and saltmarshes. ... Cellulose as polymer of β-D-glucose Cellulose in 3D Cellulose (C6H10O5)n is a polysaccharide of beta-glucose. ... Chamomile flowers The name Chamomile or Camomile is ambiguous and can refer to several distinct species. ... Species C. endivia - cultivated endive - wild endive - common chicory Chicory is the common name given to the flowering plants in genus Cichorium of the family Asteraceae. ... Chocolate most commonly comes in dark, milk, and white varieties, with cocoa solids contributing to the brown coloration. ... Cinnamic aldehyde or cinnamaldehyde (more precisely trans-cinnamaldehyde, the only naturally-occurring form) is the chemical compound that gives cinnamon its spice. ... Cinnamic acid Cinnamic acid has the formula C6H5CHCHCOOH and is an odorless white crystalline acid, which is slightly soluble in water. ... Binomial name Cinnamomum verum J.Presl Cassia (Indonesian cinnamon) is also commonly called (and sometimes sold as) cinnamon. ... Cinnamyl alcohol is an organic compound that is found in esterified form in storax, balsam Peru and cinnamon leaves. ... Citral or 3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-al or lemonal C10H16O is a chemical compound and part of the terpene family. ... Citric acid is a weak organic acid found in citrus fruits. ... Citronella oil is one of the important essential oils obtained from different species of Cymbopogon. ... Citronellol, or dihydrogeraniol, is a natural acyclic monoterpenoid. ... Binomial name Salvia sclarea L. Salvia sclarea (clary or clary sage), is a biennial or short-lived perennial herb in the genus Salvia, native to Europe east to central Asia. ... Species See text Clover is my sisters name! Clover (Trifolium) is a genus of about 300 species of plants in the pea family Fabaceae. ... Cocoa beans in a cacao pod Cocoa is the dried and partially fermented fatty seed of the cacao tree from which chocolate is made. ... Coconut oil, also known as coconut butter, is a fat consisting of about 90% saturated fat, extracted from coconuts and used in cosmetics as well as baking and cooking. ... A cup of coffee Workers sorting and pulping coffee beans in Guatemala Coffee is a widely consumed beverage prepared from the roasted seeds — commonly referred to as beans — of the coffee plant. ... Copaiba is a stimulant oleoresin obtained from several pinnate-leaved South American leguminous trees (genus Copaifera). ... Binomial name Coriandrum sativum L. Percentages are relative to US recommendations for adults. ... Corn oil is oil extracted from the germ of corn. ... The plant known to the Ancient Romans as costus is probably Saussurea lappa Costus is a genus of perennial tropical herbs. ... Binomial name Piper cubeba L. Cubeb (Piper cubeba), or tailed pepper, is a plant in genus Piper, cultivated for its fruit and essential oil. ... Flash point 93 °C R/S statement R: 22 S: 36/37 RTECS number CU7000000 Related compounds Related compounds benzaldehyde cumene Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C, 100 kPa) Infobox disclaimer and references Cuminaldehyde, or 4-isopropylbenzaldehyde, is a natural... Cymene, or p-cymene, is a naturally occurring aromatic organic compound. ... Cysteine is a naturally occurring hydrophobic amino acid which has a sulfhydryl group and is found in most proteins, however only in small quantities. ...

D

  • Dandelion Root Solid Extract
  • Davana Oil
  • 2-trans,4-trans-Decadienal
  • delta-Decalactone
  • gamma-Decalactone
  • Decanal
  • Decanoic Acid
  • 1-Decanol
  • 2-Decenal
  • Dehydromenthofurolactone
  • Diethyl Malonate
  • Diethyl Sebacate
  • 2,3-Diethylpyrazine
  • Dihydro Anethole
  • 5,7-Dihydro-2-Methylthieno(3,4-D) Pyrimidine
  • Dill Seed Oil and Extract
  • meta-Dimethoxybenzene
  • para-Dimethoxybenzene
  • 2,6-Dimethoxyphenol
  • Dimethyl Succinate
  • 3,4-Dimethyl-1,2-Cyclopentanedione
  • 3,5-Dimethyl-1,2-Cyclopentanedione
  • 3,7-Dimethyl-1,3,6-Octatriene
  • 4,5-Dimethyl-3-Hydroxy-2,5-Dihydrofuran-2-One
  • 6,10-Dimethyl-5,9-Undecadien-2-One
  • 3,7-Dimethyl-6-Octenoic Acid
  • 2,4 Dimethylacetophenone
  • alpha,para-Dimethylbenzyl Alcohol
  • alpha,alpha-Dimethylphenethyl Acetate
  • alpha,alpha Dimethylphenethyl Butyrate
  • 2,3-Dimethylpyrazine
  • 2,5-Dimethylpyrazine
  • 2,6-Dimethylpyrazine
  • Dimethyltetrahydrobenzofuranone
  • delta-Dodecalactone
  • gamma-Dodecalactone

Species See text A dandelion is a short plant, usually with a yellow flower head and notched leaves. ... Decanoic acid is a type of carboxylic acid. ... 1-Decanol is a straight chain fatty alcohol with ten carbon atoms and the molecular formula CH3(CH2)9OH. It is a colorless viscous liquid that is insoluble in water. ... Diethyl malonate (DEM) has the structure (EtOOC)(CH2)(COOEt) Reactions Malonic ester synthesis DEM → monosubstituded acetic acid See also barbituric acid Categories: Malonates ... Binomial name Anethum graveolens L. Dried Dill-umbel Dill (Anethum graveolens) is a short-lived annual herb, native to southwest and central Asia. ... Dimethoxybenzene can refer to any of three isomeric organic compounds: 1,2-Dimethoxybenzene (veratrole) 1,3-Dimethoxybenzene 1,4-Dimethoxybenzene Category: ... 1,4-Dimethoxybenzene is the para form of dimethoxybenzene, a volatile aromatic ether with a sweet floral odor. ...

E

Ethyl acetate is the organic compound with the formula CH3CH2OC(O)CH3. ... Flash point 70 °C R/S statement R: ? S: ? RTECS number AK5250000 Supplementary data page Structure and properties n, εr, etc. ... Ethyl alcohol, also known as ethanol or grain alcohol, is a flammable, colorless chemical compound, one of the alcohols that is most often found in alcoholic beverages. ... Ethyl benzoate is the ester formed by the condensation of benzoic acid and ethanol. ... Chemical structure of ethyl butyrate Ethyl butyrate, also known as ethyl butanoate is an ester with the chemical formula CH3CH2CH2COO-CH2CH3, with one oxygen having a double bond. ... Ethyl cinnamate is the ester of cinnamic acid and ethanol. ... Ethyl heptanoate is the ester resulting from the condensation of heptanoic acid and ethanol. ... Ethyl lactate also known as Lactic acid ethyl ester, 2-Hydroxypropanoic acid, ethyl ester, Actylol, or Acytol is a monobasic ester commonly used as a solvent. ... Ethyl maltol, 2-ethyl-3-hydroxy-4-pyrone, 2-ethyl pyromeconic acid, or C8H10O3 is an analog of Maltol, where the methyl group on maltol is substituted with an ethyl group. ... Colorless to light yellow liquid in the ethyl ester family of chemicals of fatty acids Molecular formula: C20 H38 O2 Molecular Weight: 310. ... Ethyl salicylate is the ester formed by the condensation of salicylic acid and ethanol. ... Ethyl pentanoate, also commonly known as ethyl valerate, is an organic compound used in flavors. ... R-phrases S-phrases , Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 Â°C, 100 kPa) Infobox disclaimer and references 4-Ethylguaiacol, often abbreviated to 4-EG, is a phenolic compound with the molecular formula C9H12O2. ... R-phrases , S-phrases , Flash point 100°C Except where noted otherwise, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 Â°C, 100 kPa) Infobox disclaimer and references 4-Ethylphenol, often abbreviated to 4-EP is a phenolic compound with the molecular formula C8H10O. In wine and beer... Eucalyptol is a natural organic compound which is a colorless liquid. ...

F

Farnesol is a natural organic compound which is a sesquiterpene alcohol found as a colorless liquid. ... Fenchone is a natural organic compound classified as a monoterpene and a ketone. ... Binomial name Foeniculum vulgare Mill. ... Binomial name Trigonella foenum-graecum L. Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) belongs to the family Fabaceae. ... Species About 800, including: Ficus altissima Ficus americana Ficus aurea Ficus benghalensis- Indian Banyan Ficus benjamina- Weeping Fig Ficus broadwayi Ficus carica- Common Fig Ficus citrifolia Ficus coronata Ficus drupacea Ficus elastica Ficus godeffroyi Ficus grenadensis Ficus hartii Ficus lyrata Ficus macbrideii Ficus macrophylla- Moreton Bay Fig Ficus microcarpa- Chinese...

G

Galbanum is an aromatic gum resin, the product of certain Persian plant species, chiefly Ferula galbaniflua (Ferula) and Ferula rubricaulis. ... Genet can refer to: Citizen Genêt (or Edmond-Charles Genêt) a French ambassador to the United States. ... Species See text. ... Geraniol (C10H18O 3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadien-l-ol) is an alcohol. ... Geranyl acetate is a natural organic compound that is classified as a monoterpene. ... Binomial name Zingiber officinale Roscoe Ginger is commonly used as a spice in cuisines throughout the world. ... Glutamic acid (Glu), also referred to as glutamate (the anion), is one of the 20 proteinogenic amino acids. ... Glutamine is one of the 20 amino acids encoded by the standard genetic code. ... Glycerol, also well known as glycerin and glycerine, and less commonly as propane-1,2,3-triol, 1,2,3-propanetriol, 1,2,3-trihydroxypropane, glyceritol, and glycyl alcohol, is a colorless, odorless, hygroscopic, and sweet-tasting viscous liquid. ... Glycyrrhizin, glycyrrhizinic acid or glycyrrhizic acid, is the active principle of liquorice root. ... It has been suggested that Veraison be merged into this article or section. ... Oil of guaiac is a fragrance used in soap. ... Chemical structure of guaiacol Guaiacol, or 2-methoxyphenol, is a natural organic compound with the molecular formula C7H8O2. ... Guar gum, a natural gum, is an edible thickening agent extracted from the guar bean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba). ...

H

  • 2,4-Heptadienal
  • gamma-Heptalactone
  • Heptanoic Acid
  • 2-Heptanone
  • 3-Hepten-2-One
  • 2-Hepten-4-One
  • 4-Heptenal
  • trans-2-Heptenal gayness ahahhahaha
  • Heptyl acetate
  • omega-6-Hexadecenlactone
  • gamma-Hexalactone
  • Hexanal
  • Hexanoic acid
  • 2-Hexen-1-Ol
  • 3-Hexen-1-Ol
  • cis-3-Hexen-1-Yl Acetate
  • 2-Hexenal
  • 3-Hexenoic Acid
  • trans-2-Hexenoic Acid
  • cis-3-Hexenyl Formate
  • Hexyl 2-Methylbutyrate
  • Hexyl Acetate
  • Hexyl Alcohol
  • Hexyl Phenylacetate
  • L-Histidine
  • Honey
  • Hops Oil
  • Hydrolyzed Milk Solids
  • Hydrolyzed Plant Proteins
  • 5-Hydroxy-2,4-Decadienoic Acid delta- Lactone
  • 4-Hydroxy-2,5-Dimethyl-3(2H)-Furanone
  • 2-Hydroxy-3,5,5-Trimethyl-2-Cyclohexen-1-One
  • 4-Hydroxy -3-Pentenoic Acid Lactone
  • 2-Hydroxy-4-Methylbenzaldehyde
  • 4-Hydroxybutanoic Acid Lactone
  • Hydroxycitronellal
  • 6-Hydroxydihydrotheaspirane
  • 4-(para-Hydroxyphenyl)-2-Butanone
  • Hyssop Oil outta ya dadz pussy LOL

Heptanoic acid, also called enanthic acid, is an organic compound composed of a seven-carbon chain terminating in a carboxylic acid. ... Heptyl acetate (C9H18O2), also known as heptanyl acetate and acetate C-7, is a colorless alcohol-soluble liquid that is the ester formed by the condensation of 1-heptanol and acetic acid. ... Hexanoic acid, also known as caproic acid, is the carboxylic acid derived from hexane with the formula C5H11COOH. It is an oily liquid smelling of cheese. ... 1-Hexanol is an alcohol with a six carbon chain and the structural formula of CH3(CH2)5OH. It is a clear colorless liquid that is slightly soluble in water, but miscible with ether and ethanol. ... The histidine bound heme group of succinate dehydrogenase, an electron carrier in the mitochondrial electron transfer chain. ... A jar of honey, shown with a wooden honey server and scones/biscuits. ... A glass of cows milk. ...

I

Immortelle can mean: Plants: Helichrysum Xeranthemum Erythrina Other: Immortelle (album), by Dew-Scented Category: ... Ionone or 4-(2,6,6-trimethyl-1-cyclohexen-1-yl)-3-buten-2-one or cyclocitrylideneacetone or irisone C13H20O is a chemical substance and part of the terpene family. ... Ionone or 4-(2,6,6-trimethyl-1-cyclohexen-1-yl)-3-buten-2-one or cyclocitrylideneacetone or irisone C13H20O is a chemical substance and part of the terpene family. ... Isoamyl acetate is an organic compound that is the ester formed from isoamyl alcohol and acetic acid. ... Flash point 18 °C R/S statement R: S: , , , RTECS number  ? Supplementary data page Structure and properties n, εr, etc. ... Butanol is a higher alcohol with a 4 carbon atom structure and a general formula of C4H10O. There are 4 different isomeric structures for butanol: butan-1-ol CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-OH (also n-butanol) butan-2-ol CH3-CH2-CH(OH)-CH3 isobutyl alcohol CH3-CH-CH3 | CH2OH... Isobutyraldehyde is the chemical compound with the formula (CH3)2CHCHO. It is an aldehyde, isomeric with n-butyraldehyde (butanal). ... Isobutyric acid, also known as 2-methylpropanoic acid, is a carboxylic acid with structural formula (CH3)2-CH-COOH. It is found in the free state in carobs (Ceratonia siliqua) and in the root of Arnica dulcis, and as an ethyl ester in croton oil. ... Isoleucine is one of the 20 basic amino acids, and forms part of the structure of almost all proteins. ... 3-Methylbutanoic acid, or more commonly isovaleric acid, is a natural fatty acid found in a wide variety of plants and essential oils. ...

J

  • Jasmine Absolute, Concrete and Oil

Jasminum. ...

K

Species See text Kola nut (Cola) is a genus of about 125 species of trees native to the tropical rainforests of Africa, classified in the family Malvaceae, subfamily Sterculioideae (or treated in the separate family Sterculiaceae). ...

L

Labdanum is a sticky brown resin obtained from the shrub Cistus ladanifer, more commonly known as the rock rose. ... Lactic acid (IUPAC systematic name: 2-hydroxypropanoic acid), also known as milk acid, is a chemical compound that plays a role in several biochemical processes. ... Lauric acid, also known as n-dodecanoic acid and n-alkanoic acid is a fatty acid with structural formula CH3(CH2)10COOH . ... Lavender oil is an essential oil obtained by distillation from the flower spikes of certain species of lavender. ... Binomial name Citrus × limon (L.) Burm. ... ... Leucine is one of the 20 common amino acids coded for by DNA. It is isomeric with isoleucine. ... Levulinic acid (C5H8O3; 3-acetopropionic acid), or CH3COCH2CH2CO2H, is a crystalline keto acid prepared from levulose, inulin, starch, etc. ... Liquorice root is a specific variety of licorice candy that is actually the root of the liquorice plant. ... Percentages are relative to US recommendations for adults. ... Linalool is a common aroma chemical found in many commercial applications. ... Linden is one of three English names for a genus of trees, Tilia, also known as lime and basswood. ... Binomial name Levisticum officinale L. Koch. ... Lysine is one of the 20 amino acids normally found in proteins. ...

M

  • Mace Powder, Extract and Oil
  • Magnesium Carbonate
  • Malic Acid
  • Malt and Malt Extract
  • Maltodextrin
  • Maltol
  • Maltyl Isobutyrate
  • Mandarin Oil
  • Maple Syrup and Concentrate
  • Mate Leaf, Absolute and Oil
  • para-Mentha-8-Thiol-3-One
  • Menthol
  • Menthone
  • Menthyl Acetate
  • dl-Methionine
  • Methoprene
  • 2-Methoxy-4-Methylphenol
  • 2-Methoxy-4-Vinylphenol
  • para-Methoxybenzaldehyde
  • 1-(para-Methoxyphenyl)-1-Penten-3-One
  • 4-(para-Methoxyphenyl)-2-Butanone
  • 1-(para-Methoxyphenyl)-2-Propanone
  • Methoxypyrazine
  • Methyl 2-Furoate
  • Methyl 2-Octynoate
  • Methyl 2-Pyrrolyl Ketone
  • Methyl Anisate
  • Methyl Anthranilate
  • Methyl Benzoate
  • Methyl Cinnamate
  • Methyl Dihydrojasmonate
  • Methyl Ester of Rosin, Partially Hydrogenated
  • Methyl Isovalerate
  • Methyl Linoleate (48%)
  • Methyl Linolenate (52%) Mixture
  • Methyl Naphthyl Ketone
  • Methyl Nicotinate
  • Methyl Phenylacetate
  • Methyl Salicylate
  • Methyl Sulfide
  • 3-Methyl-1-Cyclopentadecanone
  • 4-Methyl-1-Phenyl-2-Pentanone
  • 5-Methyl-2-Phenyl-2-Hexenal
  • 5-Methyl-2-Thiophenecarboxaldehyde
  • 6-Methyl-3,-5-Heptadien-2-One
  • 2-Methyl-3-(para-Isopropylphenyl) Propionaldehyde
  • 5-Methyl-3-Hexen-2-One
  • 1-Methyl-3-Methoxy-4-Isopropylbenzene
  • 4-Methyl-3-Pentene-2-One
  • 2-Methyl-4-Phenylbutyraldehyde
  • 6-Methyl-5-Hepten-2-One
  • 4-Methyl-5-Thiazoleethanol
  • 4-Methyl-5-Vinylthiazole
  • Methyl-alpha-Ionone
  • Methyl-trans-2-Butenoic Acid
  • 4-Methylacetophenone
  • para-Methylanisole
  • alpha-Methylbenzyl Acetate
  • alpha-Methylbenzyl Alcohol
  • 2-Methylbutyraldehyde
  • 3-Methylbutyraldehyde
  • 2-Methylbutyric Acid
  • alpha-Methylcinnamaldehyde
  • Methylcyclopentenolone
  • 2-Methylheptanoic Acid
  • 2-Methylhexanoic Acid
  • 3-Methylpentanoic Acid
  • 4-Methylpentanoic Acid
  • 2-Methylpyrazine
  • 5-Methylquinoxaline
  • 2-Methyltetrahydrofuran-3-One
  • (Methylthio)Methylpyrazine (Mixture Of Isomers)
  • 3-Methylthiopropionaldehyde
  • Methyl 3-Methylthiopropionate
  • 2-Methylvaleric Acid
  • Mimosa Absolute and Extract
  • Molasses Extract and Tincture
  • Mountain Maple Solid Extract
  • Mullein Flowers
  • Myristaldehyde
  • Myristic Acid
  • Myrrh Oil

An advance on the club, a mace is a strong, heavy wooden, metal-reinforced, or metal shaft, with a head made of stone, copper, bronze, iron or steel. ... Magnesium carbonate, MgCO3, is a white solid that occurs in nature as a mineral. ... Malic acid is a tart-tasting organic acid that plays a role in many sour or tart foods. ... Malted barley Malting is a process applied to cereal grains, in which the grains are made to germinate and then are quickly dried before the plant develops. ... Maltodextrin is a moderately sweet polysaccharide used as a food additive, unrelated to barley malt. ... Maltol is natural organic compound used primarily as a flavor enhancer. ... Binomial name Citrus reticulata The Mandarin orange or mandarin is a small citrus tree (Citrus reticulata) with fruit resembling the orange. ... This article does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... Mate may refer to: Relationships: Mate (term), a term for a friend, especially in the United Kingdom and Australasia; also used to address strangers One of a pair of animals, sometimes also applied to a human partner; see mating Nautical: A deck officer on a merchant marine vessel, usually ranked... Menthol is a covalent organic compound made synthetically or obtained from peppermint or other mint oils. ... l-Menthone Menthone is a naturally occurring organic compound with a molecular formula C10H18O. l-Menthone (or (5R, 2S)-trans-5-methyl-2-(l-methylethyl)cyclohexanone), shown at right, is the most abundant in nature of the four possible stereoisomers. ... Methionine is an essential nonpolar amino acid, and a lipotropic. ... Methoprene is a general use insecticide that acts as a growth regulator. ... Anisaldehyde, or anisic aldehyde or 4-methoxybenzaldehyde, is an organic compound that consists of a benzene ring substituted with an aldehyde and a methoxy group. ... Methoxypyrazines are a class of chemical compounds that produce odors. ... Methyl benzoate is an ester with the chemical formula C6H5COOCH3. ... Chemical structure of methyl salicylate Methyl salicylate (chemical formula C6H4(HO)COOCH3; also known as salicylic acid methyl ester, oil of wintergreen, betula oil, methyl ester) is a natural product of many species of plants. ... Dimethyl sulfide (DMS) or methylthiomethane is a sulfur containing organic chemical compound with formula: (CH3)2S. Dimethyl sulfide in concentrated liquid form is flammable and insoluble with a boiling point of 37°C and a disagreeable odor. ... Species Mimosa hostilis Mimosa nuttallii Mimosa pudica Mimosa strigillosa and about 400 other species. ... Molasses or treacle is a thick syrup by-product from the processing of the sugarcane or sugar beet into sugar. ... Binomial name Acer spicatum Lam. ... Species L. - Moth mullein - Denseflower mullein L. - White mullein L. - Black mullein L. - Orange mullein L. - Purple mullein L. - Wavyleaf mullein Schrad. ... Myristic acid, also called Tetradecanoic acid, is a common saturated fatty acid found in dairy products. ... 100g of Myrrh. ...

N

Nerol is a natural monoterpene found in many essential oils. ... Neroli oil is a plant oil similar in scent to bergamot produced from the blossom of the bitter orange tree ( or Bigaradia). ... Nerolidol, also known as peruviol, is a naturally occurring sesquiterpene found in the essential oils of many types of plants and flowers. ... Nonanoic acid, also called pelargonic acid, is an organic compound composed of a nine-carbon chain terminating in a carboxylic acid. ... This article is about the seed. ...

O

  • Oak Chips Extract and Oil
  • Oak Moss Absolute
  • 9,12-Octadecadienoic Acid (48%) And 9,12,15-Octadecatrienoic Acid (52%)
  • delta-Octalactone
  • gamma-Octalactone
  • Octanal
  • Octanoic Acid
  • 1-Octanol
  • 2-Octanone
  • 3-Octen-2-One
  • 1-Octen-3-Ol
  • 1-Octen-3-Yl Acetate
  • 2-Octenal
  • Octyl Isobutyrate
  • Oleic Acid
  • Olibanum Oil
  • Opoponax Oil And Gum
  • Orange Blossoms Water, Absolute, and Leaf Absolute
  • Orange Oil and Extract
  • Origanum Oil
  • Orris Concrete Oil and Root Extract

Species See List of Quercus species The term oak can be used as part of the common name of any of several hundred species of trees and shrubs in the genus Quercus, and some related genera, notably Cyclobalanopsis and Lithocarpus. ... Binomial name Evernia prunastri (L.) Ach. ... Caprylic acid is a fatty acid found in coconuts and breast milk. ... Octanol is a straight chain fatty alcohol with eight carbon atoms and the molecular formula CH3(CH2)7OH. Although the term octanol usually refers exclusively to the primary alcohol 1-octanol, there are other less common isomers of octanol such as the secondary alcohol, 2-octanol. ... Oleic acid is a monounsaturated omega-9 fatty acid found in various animal and vegetable sources. ... 100g of frankincense resin. ... Opoponax is a variety of myrrh. ... Binomial name Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck Orange—specifically, sweet orange—refers to the citrus tree Citrus sinensis (syn. ... Orris root is the root of some species of iris, grown principally in southern Europe: Iris germanica, Iris florentina, and Iris pallida. ...

P

Palmitic acid, also called hexadecanoic acid, is one of the most common saturated fatty acids found in animals and plants. ... Species Petroselinum crispum Petroselinum neapolitanum Percentages are relative to US recommendations for adults. ... Binomial name Pogostemon cablin Benth. ... 2-Pentanone or methyl propyl ketone is a colorless liquid ketone with an odor resembling that of acetone. ... Binomial name Piper nigrum L. Black pepper (Piper nigrum) is a flowering vine in the family Piperaceae, cultivated for its fruit, which is usually dried and used as a spice and seasoning. ... Binomial name Mentha × piperita L. Peppermint (Mentha × piperita) is a (usually) sterile hybrid mint, a cross between watermint (Mentha aquatica) and spearmint (Mentha spicata). ... Phellandrene is the name for a pair of organic compounds that have a similar molecular structure and similar chemical properties. ... Phenylacetic acid (synonyms: α-Toluic acid, benzeneacetic acid, alpha tolylic acid, 2-phenylacetic acid) is an organic compound containing a phenyl moiety and an acetic acid moiety. ... Phe redirects here. ... Phosphoric acid, also known as orthophosphoric acid or phosphoric(V) acid, is an inorganic mineral acid having the chemical formula H3PO4. ... Species Allspice West Indian Bay tree , etc. ... Pine oil is an oil manufactured by the steam-distillation of pine (Pinus sylvestris) needles, twigs and cones. ... Binomial name Ananas comosus (L.) Merr. ... R-phrases 10-20/21/22-36/37/38-43-51 S-phrases 16-26-36-37-60-61 RTECS number DT7000000 (unspec. ... beta-Pinene (β-pinene) is a colorless liquid, soluble in alcohol, but not water. ... Piperonal (heliotropine, protocatechuic aldehyde methylene ether) is an aromatic aldehyde that comes as a white powder, C8H6O3, and has a floral odor. ... Pipsissewa (Chimaphila umbellata) is a small evergreen perennial found in dry woodlands, or sandy soils. ... It has been suggested that Prune (fruit) be merged into this article or section. ... The structure of potassium sorbate Potassium sorbate is a mild preservative. ... L-Proline is one of the twenty proteinogenic amino acids that are used by living organisms as building blocks of proteins. ... Propionic acid (systematically named propanoic acid) is a naturally occurring carboxylic acid with chemical formula CH3CH2COOH. In the pure state, it is a colorless, corrosive liquid with a pungent odor. ... The chemical compound propyl acetate, also known as propyl ethanoate, is a common solvent. ... Propyl paraben, a propyl ester of p-hydroxybenzoic acid, is a natural substance derived from the scales of animals. ... Propylene glycol, also known as 1,2-propanediol, is an organic compound (a diol alcohol), usually a tasteless, odorless, and colorless clear oily liquid that is hygroscopic and miscible with water, acetone, and chloroform. ... Prune refers to any of more than 125 varieties of fruit, most grown for drying. ... Pyridine is a chemical compound with the formula C5H5N. It is a liquid with a distinctively putrid odour. ... Pyroligneous acid, also called wood vinegar or mokusaku, is a dark liquid produced by the destructive distillation of wood. ... Pyrrole, or pyrrol, is a heterocyclic aromatic organic compound, a five-membered ring with the formula C4H5N. Pyrroles are components of larger aromatic rings, including the porphyrins of heme, the chlorins and bacteriochlorins of chlorophyll, and the corrin ring of vitamin B12. ... Pyruvic acid (CH3COCO2H) is an alpha-keto acid which plays an important role in biochemical processes. ...

R

Raisins Percentages are relative to US recommendations for adults. ... Geraniol (C10H18O, 3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadien-l-ol) is an alcohol. ... Species Between 100 and 150, see list Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Rosa A rose is a flowering shrub of the genus Rosa, and the flower of this shrub. ... Binomial name Rosmarinus officinalis L. Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Rosmarinus officinalis Wikispecies has information related to: Rosmarinus officinalis Wikibooks Cookbook has an article on Rosemary Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) is a woody, perennial herb with fragrant evergreen needle-like leaves. ... Caribbean rum, circa 1941 Rum is a distilled beverage made from sugarcane by-products such as molasses and sugarcane juice by a process of fermentation and distillation. ... A concentrated liquidfied form of Rye grass, Rye Extract is often used for medicinal purposes. ...

S

Look up sage in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Salicylylaldehyde is a colourless to yellow oily liquid with a bitter almond color. ... The branches of a young sandalwood tree found in Hawaii Sandalwood is the fragrant wood of trees in the genus Santalum. ... Skatole or 3-methylindole is a mildly toxic white crystalline organic compound with chemical formula C9H9N and CAS number 83-34-1. ... Species many, see text Snakeroot (Ageratina) is a genus of about 290 annual herbs and rounded shrubs from the Sunflower family (Asteraceae). ... Sodium acetate, (also rarely, sodium ethanoate) is the sodium salt of acetic acid. ... Sodium benzoate (E211), also called benzoate of soda, has chemical formula C6H5COONa. ... Sodium bicarbonate is the chemical compound with the formula NaHCO3. ... Sodium carbonate (also known as washing soda or soda ash), Na2CO3, is a sodium salt of carbonic acid. ... Jordanian and Israeli salt evaporation ponds at the south end of the Dead Sea Sodium chloride, also known as common salt, table salt, or halite, is a chemical compound with the formula NaCl. ... Sodium citrate is the sodium salt of citric acid with the chemical formula of Na3C6H5O7. ... Sodium hydroxide (NaOH), also known as lye or caustic soda, is a caustic metallic base. ... Binomial name Mentha spicata Crantz Spearmint (Mentha spicata, syn ) is a species of mint native to central and southern Europe, where it grows in wet soils. ... Species See text. ... A sugar alcohol (also known as a polyol, polyhydric alcohol, or polyalcohol) is a hydrogenated form of carbohydrate, whose carbonyl group (aldehyde or ketone, reducing sugar) has been reduced to a primary or secondary hydroxyl group. ... This article deals with sugar as food and as an important, widely traded commodity; the word also has other uses; see Sugar (disambiguation) A sugar is a form of carbohydrate; the most commonly used sugar is a white crystalline solid, sucrose; used to alter the flavor and properties (mouthfeel, perservation...

T

  • Tagetes Oil
  • Tannic Acid
  • Tartaric Acid
  • Tea Leaf and Absolute
  • alpha-Terpineol
  • Terpinolene
  • Terpinyl Acetate
  • 5,6,7,8-Tetrahydroquinoxaline
  • 1,5,5,9-Tetramethyl-13-Oxatricyclo(8.3.0.0(4,9))Tridecane
  • 2,3,4,5, and 3,4,5,6-Tetramethylethyl-Cyclohexanone
  • 2,3,5,6-Tetramethylpyrazine
  • Thiamine Hydrochloride
  • Thiazole
  • L-Threonine
  • Thyme Oil, White and Red
  • Thymol
  • Tobacco Extracts
  • Tocopherols (mixed)
  • Tolu balsam Gum and Extract
  • Tolualdehydes
  • para-Tolyl 3-Methylbutyrate
  • para-Tolyl Acetaldehyde
  • para-Tolyl Acetate
  • para-Tolyl Isobutyrate
  • para-Tolyl Phenylacetate
  • Triacetin
  • 2-Tridecanone
  • 2-Tridecenal
  • Triethyl Citrate
  • 3,5,5-Trimethyl-1-Hexanol
  • para,alpha,alpha-Trimethylbenzyl Alcohol
  • 4-(2,6,6-Trimethylcyclohex-1-Enyl)But-2-En-4-One
  • 2,6,6-Trimethylcyclohex-2-Ene-1,4-Dione
  • 2,6,6-Trimethylcyclohexa-1,3-Dienyl Methan
  • 4-(2,6,6-Trimethylcyclohexa-1,3-Dienyl)But-2-En-4-One
  • 2,2,6-Trimethylcyclohexanone
  • 2,3,5-Trimethylpyrazine
  • L-Tyrosine

Species About 59, including: Tagetes erecta Tagetes filifolia Tagetes lacera Tagetes lucida Tagetes minuta Tagetes patula Tagetes tenuifolia as well as numerous hybrids Tagetes lucida Tagetes minuta Tagetes is a genus of about 60 species of annual and perennial herbaceous plants in the daisy family (Asteraceae). ... This is a bottle of tannic acid. ... Tartaric acid or H2C4H4O6 is a white crystalline organic acid. ... Binomial name Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze Camellia sinensis is the tea plant, the plant species whose leaves and leaf buds are used to produce tea. ... Terpineol is a naturally occurring monoterpene alcohol that has been isolated from a variety of sources such as cajuput oil, pine oil, and petitgrain oil. ... Thiamine mononitrate Thiamine or thiamin, also known as vitamin B1, is a colorless compound with chemical formula C12H17N4OS. It is soluble in water and insoluble in alcohol. ... Thiazole, or 1,3-thiazole, is a clear to pale yellow flammable liquid and pyridine-like odor with the molecular formula C3H3NS. It is a 5-membered ring, in which two of the vertices of the ring are nitrogen and sulfur, and the other three are carbons [1]. Thiazole is... Threonine is one of the 20 natural amino acids. ... Species About 350 species, including: Thymus adamovicii Thymus bracteosus Thymus broussonetii Thymus caespititius Thymus camphoratus Thymus capitatus Thymus capitellatus Thymus carnosus Thymus cephalotus Thymus cherlerioides Thymus ciliatus Thymus cilicicus Thymus cimicinus Thymus comosus Thymus comptus Thymus doerfleri Thymus glabrescens Thymus herba-barona Thymus hirsutus Thymus hyemalis Thymus integer Thymus lanuginosus... Thymol is a phenol derivative of cymene, C10H13OH, isomeric with carvacrol, found in oil of thyme, and extracted as a white crystalline substance of a pleasant aromatic odor and strong antiseptic properties. ... This article is about the product manufactured from Nicotiana spp. ... Tocopherol, or vitamin E, is a fat-soluble vitamin in eight forms that is an important antioxidant. ... Tolu balsam is the resinous secretion of Myroxylon toluifera. ... The triglyceride 1,2,3-triacetoxypropane is more generally known as triacetin and glycerin triacetate. ... Tyrosine (from the Greek tyros, meaning cheese, as it was first discovered in 1846 by German chemist Justus von Liebig in cheese[1][2]), 4-hydroxyphenylalanine, or 2-amino-3(4-hydroxyphenyl)-propanoic acid, is one of the 20 amino acids that are used by cells to synthesize proteins. ...

U

  • delta-Undercalactone
  • gamma-Undecalactone
  • Undecanal
  • 2-Undecanone,1
  • 0-Undecenal
  • Urea

2-Undecanone is an oily organic liquid manufactured synthetically, but which can also be extracted from oil of rue. ... Urea is an organic compound of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen and hydrogen, with the formula CON2H4 or (NH2)2CO. Urea is also known as carbamide, especially in the recommended International Nonproprietary Names (rINN) in use in Europe. ...

V

Valencene is a sesquiterpene that is an aroma component of citrus fruit and citrus-derived odorants. ... Valeric acid or pentanoic acid occurs in valerian, a perennial herb. ... Valine is an amino acid that cannot be synthesized by humans, so it is considered an essential amino acid for human life. ... Vanilla is a flavoring derived from orchids in the genus Vanilla. ... Vanillin, methyl vanillin, or 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde, is an organic compound with the molecular formula C8H8O3. ... Binomial name Chrysopogon zizanoides (L.) Roberty Vetiver (Chrysopogon zizanoides) is a perennial grass of the Poaceae native to India. ... Vinegar is sometimes infused with spices or herbs—as here, with oregano. ...

W

“Walnut Tree” redirects here. ... Impact from a water drop causes an upward rebound jet surrounded by circular capillary waves. ... Species T. aestivum T. boeoticum T. compactum T. dicoccoides T. dicoccon T. durum T. monococcum T. spelta T. sphaerococcum T. timopheevii References:   ITIS 42236 2002-09-22 For the indie rock group see: Wheat (band). ... Binomial name Prunus avium L. The Wild Cherry (Prunus avium) is a species of Cherry, native to Europe and western Asia (also known as the Sweet Cherry). ... A glass of red wine This article is about the alcoholic beverage. ...

X

Xanthan gum (C35H49O29) is a natural gum polysaccharide used as a food additive and rheology modifier. ... Xylenol or dimethylphenol is an arene compound with two methyl groups and a hydroxyl group. ...

Y

Typical divisions Ascomycota (sac fungi) Saccharomycotina (true yeasts) Taphrinomycotina Schizosaccharomycetes (fission yeasts) Basidiomycota (club fungi) Urediniomycetes Sporidiales Yeasts are a growth form of eukaryotic microorganisms classified in the kingdom Fungi. ...

Source

quitsmoking.about.com which cites as its source Brown and Williamson – The list

 

COMMENTARY     


Share your thoughts, questions and commentary here
Your name
Your comments
Please enter the 5-letter protection code

Want to know more?
Search encyclopedia, statistics and forums:
 


Lesson Plans | Student Area | Student FAQ | Reviews | Press Releases |  Feeds | Contact
The Wikipedia article included on this page is licensed under the GFDL.
Images may be subject to relevant owners' copyright.
All other elements are (c) copyright NationMaster.com 2003-5. All Rights Reserved.
Usage implies agreement with terms.