This is a list of terms used in Biology studies the variety of life (clockwise from top-left) E. coli, tree fern, gazelle, Goliath beetle Biology is the science of life (from the Greek words bios = life and logos = word). It is concerned with the characteristics and behaviors of organisms, how species and individuals come into existence, and... biological and See drugs, medication, and pharmacology for substances that are used to treat patients. This article is about medical practice. Medicine is a branch of health science concerned with restoring and maintaining health and wellness. Broadly, it is the practical science of preventing and curing diseases. However, medicine often refers more... medical research. Source: The public domain comprises the body of all creative works and other knowledge—writing, artwork, music, science, inventions, and others—in which no person or organization has any proprietary interest. (Proprietary interest is typically represented by a copyright or patent.) Such works and inventions are considered part of... public domain CRISP Thesaurus maintained by the Office of Extramural Research at the National Institutes of Health [1] (http://crisp.cit.nih.gov/).

U

ubiquilin -- Coenzyme Q (CoQ), also known as ubiquinone or ubiquinol, is a biologically active quinone with an isoprenoid side chain, related in structure to vitamin K and vitamin E. The oxidized structure of CoQ, or Q, is given here: The various kinds of Coenzyme Q can be distinguished by the number... ubiquinone -- ubiquinone reductase -- ubiquinylation -- Ubiquitin is a small protein that occurs in most eukaryotic cells. Its main function is to mark other proteins for destruction, known as proteolysis. Several ubiquitin molecules attach to the condemned protein, and it then moves to a proteasome, a barrel-shaped structure where the proteolysis occurs. Ubiquitin can also... ubiquitin -- Categories: Stub | Anatomy ... udder -- The abbreviation UDP can refer to: User Datagram Protocol Usenet Death Penalty Ulster Democratic Party Uridine-diphosphate, cf. UTP Universidad Diego Portales This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. If an article link referred you here, you... UDP -- UDP galactose 4 epimerase -- UDPG -- Ukraine (Україна, Ukrayina in Ukrainian; Украина in Russian) is a republic in eastern Europe which borders Russia to the east, Belarus to the north, Poland, Slovakia and Hungary to the west, Romania and Moldova to the southwest and... Ukraine -- An ulcer (from Latin ulcus) is an open sore of the skin, eyes or mucous membrane, often caused by an initial abrasion and generally maintained by an inflammation and/or an infection. What are ulcers Ulcers are non healing wounds that develop on the skin, mucous membranes or eye. Although... ulcer -- ulcer inhibitor -- Diagram of the Human Intestine Ulcerative colitis is an inflammatory disease of the bowel, that usually affects the distal end of the large intestine and rectum. It has no known cause, although there is a genetic component to susceptibility. Ulcerative colitis is similar to Crohns disease, but there are... ulcerative colitis -- ulcerative disease rhabdovirus -- ulcerogenic tumor of the pancreas syndrome -- ultimobranchial body -- Differential centrifugation is a procedure in which the homogenate is subjected to repeated centrifugations each time increasing the centrifugal force. Differential centrifugation separates the homogenate into: Nuclei Mitochondria Lysosomes Microsomes Soluble fraction A homogenization solution is used to acquire the desired separation of homogenate. Categories: Cell biology | Laboratory techniques ... ultracentrifugation -- Ultrafiltration is a filtration process in chemistry that can retain solutes with relative molecular masses in the order of 100s to 1000s. It is also used in hemodialysis to clean whole blood while keeping its composition intact. [1] Categories: Substubs | Chemical engineering ... ultrafiltration -- ultrasonic angiocardiography -- Medical ultrasonography is an ultrasound-based imaging diagnostic technique used to visualize internal organs, their size, structure and their pathological lesions. Uses Ultrasonography is widely utilized in medicine, primarily in gastroenterology, cardiology, gynaecology and obstetrics, urology and endocrinology. It is possible to perform diagnosis or therapeutic procedures with the guidance... ultrasonography -- Ultrasound is sound with a frequency greater than the upper limit of human hearing, approximately 20 kilohertz. Some animals, such as dogs, dolphins, and bats, have an upper limit that is greater than that of the human ear and thus can hear ultrasound. Ultrasound has industrial and medical applications. Medical... ultrasound -- ultrasound angioplasty -- ultrasound biological effect -- ultrasound blood flow measurement -- ultrasound echoencephalography -- ultrasound echooculography -- Medical ultrasonography is an ultrasound-based imaging diagnostic technique used to visualize internal organs, their size, structure and their pathological lesions. Uses Ultrasonography is widely utilized in medicine, primarily in gastroenterology, cardiology, gynaecology and obstetrics, urology and endocrinology. It is possible to perform diagnosis or therapeutic procedures with the guidance... ultrasound imaging -- ultrasound microscopy -- ultrasound respiratory airflow measurement -- ultrasound scanning -- ultrasound spectrometry -- ultrasound therapy -- ultraviolet microscopy -- Note: Ultraviolet is also the name of a 1998 UK television miniseries about vampires. Ultraviolet (UV) radiation is electromagnetic radiation of a wavelength shorter than that of the visible region, but longer than that of soft X-rays. It can be subdivided into near UV (380–200 nm wavelength... ultraviolet radiation -- ultraviolet spectrometry -- ultraviolet spectrophotometry -- ultraviolet therapy -- In placental mammals, the umbilical cord is a tube that connects a developing embryo or fetus to its placenta. It contains major arteries and veins (notably the umbilical arteries and umbilical vein) for the exchange of nutrient- and oxygen-rich blood between the embryo and placenta. When the animal is... umbilical cord -- umbilical cord blood -- Union for a Popular Movement Uridine monophosphate, cf. UTP This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. If an article link referred you here, you might want to go back and fix it to point directly to the... UMP -- Una virus -- uncinate epilepsy -- Unconsciousness is the absence of consciousness. Unconsciousness normally only occurs during sleep, and even then dreaming may involve partial or full consciousness of dream events. Unconsciousness may also occur from a concussion, during an epileptic seizure, as a result of intoxication, or due to some other medical condition (such as... unconsciousness -- uncontrollable child syndrome -- unconventional medicine -- unconventional slow virus disease -- uncus -- undergraduate nursing education -- undersocialized aggressive child behavior -- undersocialized nonaggressive child behavior -- Understanding is a psychological state in relation to an object or person whereby one is able to think about it and use concepts to be able to deal adequately with that object. For example, I understand the whether if I am able to predict and give an explanation of some... understanding -- Unemployment rates in the United States. In economics, a person who is able and willing to work yet is unable to find a paying job is considered unemployed. The unemployment rate is the number of unemployed workers divided by the total civilian labor force, which includes both the unemployed and... unemployed -- Unemployment rates in the United States. In economics, a person who is able and willing to work yet is unable to find a paying job is considered unemployed. The unemployment rate is the number of unemployed workers divided by the total civilian labor force, which includes both the unemployed and... unemployment -- Unemployment benefits are sums of money given to the unemployed by the government or a compulsory para-governmental insurance system. Depending on the jurisdiction and the status of the person, those sums may be meager, covering only basic needs (thus a form of basic welfare), or may compensate the lost... unemployment insurance -- unfoldase -- Ungulates (meaning roughly hoofed or hoofed animal) make up several orders of mammals, of which six survive: Artiodactyla: even-toed ungulates, cattle, sheep, goats, pigs, antelope, and many others Cetacea: whales and dolphins (which evolved from hoofed land animals) Perissodactyla: odd-toed ungulates such as horses and rhinos Proboscidea: elephants... Ungulate -- It is common to feel sad, discouraged , or down once in a while, and anyone in this state might say they are suffering from depression. But for some people, this mood persists. For depression, or any other condition, to be termed clinical it must reach criteria which are generally accepted... unipolar depression -- The United States of America — also referred to as the United States, the U.S.A., the U.S., America¹, the States, or (archaically) Columbia — is a federal republic of 50 states located primarily in central North America (with the exception of two states: Alaska and Hawaii... United States -- A university is an institution of higher education and of research, which grants academic degrees. A university provides both tertiary and quaternary education. University is derived from the Latin universitas, meaning corporation since the first medieval European universities were often groups of scholars-for-hire. History Arguably the first western... university -- university student -- unprofitable drug development -- unsaturated bonds -- An unsaturated fat is a fat or fatty acid in which there is one or more double bonds between carbon atoms of the fatty acid chain. Such fat molecules are monounsaturated if each contains one double bond, and polyunsaturated if each contain more than one. In living organisms, such bonds... unsaturated fat -- unsaturated fatty acid -- unspecific monooxygenase -- unspecified interleukin -- untwisting enzyme -- Unverricht's disease -- unwanted child -- In medicine, an upper GI series consists of a series of X-ray images of the esophagus and stomach (the upper gastrointestinal, or GI, tract). The X-rays are taken after the patient drinks a contrast agent, typically a thick, chalky liquid containing a barium salt. (This test is sometimes... upper GI series -- upper respiratory tract -- uptake -- Uracil Uracil is one of the four RNA bases, replacing thymine as found in DNA. Just like thymine, uracil can form a base pair with adenine via two hydrogen bonds, but it lacks the methyl group present in thymine. Uracil, in comparison to thymine, will more readily degenerate into cytosine... uracil -- uracil analog -- uracil nucleoside -- uracil nucleotide -- General Name, Symbol, Number Uranium, U, 92 Chemical series Actinides Period, Block 7 , f Density, Hardness 19050 kg/m3, ND Appearance silvery-white metal Atomic properties Atomic weight 238.0289 amu Atomic radius (calc.) 175 (ND) pm Covalent radius ND pm van der Waals radius 186 pm Electron configuration [Rn... uranium -- Uric Acid Uric acid is an organic compound of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen and hydrogen, with the formula C5H4N4O3 It is a minor end-product of nitrogen metabolism in the human body (the main product being urea), and is found in small amounts in urine. In some other animals, such as... urate -- The enzyme urate oxidase, or UO, (Aspergillus flavus enzyme PDB 1R4U, E.C. 1.7.3.3) catalyzes the oxidation of uric acid to 5-hydroxyisourate. Uric acid + O2 <-> 5-hydroxyisourate + H2O2 Urate oxidase is a homotetrameric enzyme containing four identical active sites situated at the interfaces between... urate oxidase -- Urban is in or having to do with cities, as distinct from rural areas. In terms of music, urban music and urban radio are synonymous with the contemporary musical genres hip hop and R&B, and the associate hip hop culture which originated in New York City and is... urban area -- Urban, city, or town planning, deals with design of the built environment from the municipal and metropolitan perspective. Other professions deal in more detail with a smaller scale of development, namely architecture and urban design. Regional planning deals with a still larger environment, at a less detailed level. The Greek... urban planning -- urban poverty area -- Urban regeneration (also called urban renewal in American English) is a movement in urban planning that reached its peak in the United States from the late 1940s through the early 1970s. It has had a massive impact on the urban landscape and continues to the present day. It has also... urban renewal -- Urea Urea is an organic compound of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen and hydrogen, with the formula CON2H4 and the structure: In some animals, the individual atoms of urea come from carbon dioxide, water, aspartate and ammonia in a metabolic pathway known as the urea cycle, an anabolic process. This expenditure of... urea -- urea amidohydrolase -- The Urea Cycle is a cycle of biochemical reactions occurring in many animal organisms that produces urea from ammonia. This cycle, also known as ornithine cycle, was the first metabolic cycle discovered (Krebs and Hensenleit, 1932) Urea is much less toxic than ammonia, therefore organisms which cant easily and... urea cycle -- Binomial name Ureaplasma urealyticum Ureaplasma urealyticum is a bacterium belonging to the family Mycoplasmataceae. Its type strain is T960. This microorganism is part of the normal genital flora of both men and women. It is found in about 70% of sexually active humans. It can also cause disease, including non... Ureaplasma -- Urease (EC 3.5.1.5) is an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of urea into carbon dioxide and ammonia. The reaction occurs as follows: (NH2)2CO + 3H2O → CO2 + 2NH4OH In 1926 James Sumner shows that urease is a protein. Urease is found in bacteria, yeast and several higher... urease -- ureidoamino acid -- Uremia is a toxic condition resulting from renal failure, when kidney function is compromised and urea, a waste product normally excreted in the urine, is retained in the blood. Azotemia is another word that refers to high levels of urea, but is used primarily when the abnormality can be measured... uremia -- Transverse section of ureter. In human anatomy, the ureters are the ducts that carry urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder. The ureters are muscular tubes that can propel urine along by the motions of peristalsis. In the adult, the ureters are usually 25 to 35cm long. In humans... ureter -- ureter obstruction -- ureter vesicle junction disorder -- ureter vesicle junction obstruction -- ureteroileostomy -- A ureterosigmoidostomy is a surgical procedure where the ureters which carry urine from the kidneys, are diverted into the sigmoid colon. It is done as a treatment for bladder cancer, where the urinary bladder had to be removed. A consequence of this procedure is an increased risk of kidney infections... ureterosigmoidostomy -- urethan -- Urethane 1. A polymer containing a urethane linkage. 2. Any organic chemical compound contaning a urethane functional group (or linkage). 3. The specific compound (NH2*COOC2H5). This ethyl ester is a white crystalline substance produced by the action of ammonia on ethyl carbonate or by heating urea nitrate and ethyl... urethane -- Male anatomy Female anatomy In anatomy, the urethra is a tube which connects the urinary bladder to the outside of the body. The urethra has an excretory function in both sexes, to pass urine to the outside, and also a reproductive function in the male, as a passage for sperm... urethra -- urethra disorder -- urethra stricture -- Urethritis is an inflammation of the urethra. The symptoms are dysuria, which is pain (usually burning pain) on urination (micturition). In the diagnostic approach to urethritis, physicians classify the disease as gonococcal urethritis or non-gonococcal urethritis (NGU), based on its causation. Non-gonococcal urethritis, sometimes called non-specific urethritis... urethritis -- uricacidemia -- uricase -- uricosuric agent -- Uridine is a molecule (known as a nucleoside) that is formed when uracil is attached to a ribose ring (also known as a ribofuranose) via a β-N1-glycosidic bond. If uracil is attached to a deoxyribose ring, it is known as a deoxyuridine. Categories: Nucleosides ... uridine -- Uridine diphosphate, abbreviated UDP, is a nucleotide. It is an ester of pyrophosphoric acid with the nucleoside uridine. UDP consists of the pyrophosphate group, the pentose sugar ribose, and the nucleobase uracil. See also Nucleoside Nucleotide DNA RNA Oligonucleotide Categories: Biochemistry stubs | Nucleotides ... uridine diphosphate -- uridine diphosphate glucose -- uridine diphosphate glucuronate -- Uridine monophosphate, also known as 5-uridylic acid and abbreviated UMP, is a nucleotide that is found in RNA. It is an ester of phosphoric acid with the nucleoside uridine. UMP consists of the phosphate group, the pentose sugar ribose, and the nucleobase uracil. See also Nucleoside Nucleotide DNA RNA... uridine monophosphate -- uridine phosphorylase -- uridine triphosphate -- uridylate -- A urinalysis (or UA) is an array of tests performed on urine, usually used in medical diagnosis. The greater part of a urinalysis can be performed by using urine dipsticks, in which the test results can be read as color changes. A typical medical urinalysis usually includes: a description of... urinalysis -- The interior of bladder. In the anatomy of mammals, the urinary bladder is the organ that collects urine excreted by the kidneys prior to disposal by urination. Urine enters the bladder via the ureters and exits via the urethra. Anatomy The urinary bladder is a hollow, muscular and distensible organ... urinary bladder -- urinary bladder disorder -- urinary bladder epithelium -- urinary bladder sphincter disorder -- urinary bladder sphincter prosthesis -- urinary calculi -- In urinary catheterization, a urinary catheter, a slender plastic tube, is pushed up a patients urinary tract into their bladder. A balloon located at the end of the catheter is then usually inflated with saline solution to prevent the catheter from slipping out. In males, this tube is inserted... urinary catheterization -- urinary diversion -- urinary electronic stimulator -- Urinary incontinence is the involutary loss of urine from ones body. It is often temporary, and it almost always results from an underlying medical condition. In this article, the term incontinence will be used to mean urinary incontinence. See also fecal incontinence. Urinary incontinence in women Women experience incontinence... urinary incontinence -- urinary plasminogen activator -- urinary stone -- The urinary system is a system of organs, tubes, muscles, and nerves that work together to create, store, and carry, urine. The urinary system includes two kidneys, two ureters, the urinary bladder, two sphincter muscles, and the urethra. How does the urinary system work? Your body takes nutrients from food... urinary system -- The urinary system is a system of organs, tubes, muscles, and nerves that work together to create, store, and carry, urine. The urinary system includes two kidneys, two ureters, the urinary bladder, two sphincter muscles, and the urethra. How does the urinary system work? Your body takes nutrients from food... urinary tract -- urinary tract disorder -- urinary tract disorder chemotherapy -- urinary tract disorder diagnosis -- urinary tract disorder pharmacotherapy -- urinary tract imaging -- A urinary tract infection is an infection of the urinary tract. An infection anywhere from the kidneys to the ureters to the bladder to the urethra qualifies as a urinary tract infection. In females, the urethra is much shorter and closer to the anus than in males. This is the... urinary tract infection -- urinary tract motility -- urinary tract neoplasm -- urinary tract obstruction -- urinary tract pharmacology -- urinary tract pressure -- urinary tract prosthesis -- urinary tract surgery -- urinary tract transplantation -- urinary tract visualization -- Urination, also called micturition, is the process of disposing urine from the urinary bladder through the urethra to the outside of the body. The process of urination is usually under voluntary control. When control over urination is lost or absent, this is called urinary incontinence. Urinary System The micturition reflex... urination -- urination disorder -- Urine is liquid waste excreted by the kidneys and eventually expelled from the body in a process known as urination. Most commonly the excretion of urine serves for flushing waste molecules collected from the blood by the kidneys, and for the homeostasis of the body liquids; however, many species also... urine -- urine acidity -- urobilin -- urocanate -- Classes Ascidiacea Thaliacea Appendicularia Urochordata (sometimes known as tunicata and commonly called urochordates, tunicates or sea squirts) is the subphylum of saclike filter feeders with input and output siphons. They are members of the phylum Chordata, which also includes birds, fish, and mammals. As with other chordates, tunicates possess a... Urochordata -- Families Salamander is the common name applied to approximately 500 amphibian vertebrates with slender bodies, short legs, and long tails (order Caudata or Urodela). The moist skin of the amphibians limits them to habitats either near water or under some protection on moist ground, usually in a forest. Some species... Urodela -- Urogale -- urogenital autoimmune disorder -- urogenital system (genital part) -- urogenital system (urinary part) -- urography -- urohypophysis -- Urokinase is a thrombolytic agent used in the treatment of severe or massive deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary emboli, myocardial infarction, and occluded I.V. or dialysis cannulas. Categories: Stub | Pharmacologic agents ... urokinase -- Kidney stones are solid accretions (crystals) of dissolved minerals in urine found inside the kidneys or ureters. Also known as nephrolithiasis, urolithiasis or renal calculi. They vary in size from as small as a grain of sand to as large as a golf ball. Kidney stones typically leave the body... urolithiasis -- Urology is the field of medicine that focuses on the urinary tracts of males and females, and of the male reproductive system. It is multidisciplinary in that the discipline includes management of medical (ie., non-surgical) problems such as urinary infections and surgical problems such as the correction of congenital... urology -- uromitexan -- uronate -- urophysis -- urothelium -- For other meanings, see Bear (disambiguation). Genera Ailuropoda Ursus Tremarctos Arctodus (extinct) A bear is a large mammal of the order Carnivora, family Ursidae. The adjective, ursine, is used to describe things of bearlike nature. Physical attributes Common characteristics of bears include dense fur, a short tail, excellent senses of... Ursidae -- ursodeoxycholate -- ursodeoxycholic acid -- Categories: Wikipedia cleanup | Medicine stubs ... ursodiol -- Urticaria or Hives is a relatively common form of allergic reaction that causes. Hives are a series of raised red skin welts, ranging upwards from 5 mm (about a 1/4 inch) in diameter, they itch severely, and often have a pale border. They are caused by direct contact with... urticaria -- urticaria pigmentosa -- user friendly software -- user protection -- Usher syndrome is a genetic disease causing deaf-blindness. It is essentially retinitis pigmentosa combined with progressive hearing loss. It is inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern and is estimated to occur in 1 in 10,000 people. Usher syndrome is divided into three types, I, II and III. Children... Usher syndrome -- The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) .( Russian: Сою́з Сове́тских Социалисти́ческих Респу́блик... USSR -- Endometrial cancer involves cancerous growth of the endometrium (lining of the uterus). Causes Endometrial cancer is the most common type of uterine cancer. Although the exact cause of endometrial cancer is unknown, increased levels of estrogen appear to have a role. One of estrogens normal functions is to stimulate... uterine cancer -- uterine neoplasm -- uterine vein -- Female internal reproductive anatomy The uterus or womb is the major female reproductive organ of most mammals, including humans. One end called the cervix, opens into the vagina, and the wider end, called the body of uterus, is connected on both sides with the Fallopian tubes. It comes in a... uterus -- uterus disorder -- uterus hyperplasia -- uterus neoplasm -- uterus preneoplastic state -- UTP can mean: in genetics, uridine 5-triphosphate in telecommunications, unshielded twisted pair cabling the USS Thomas Paine the United Tasmania Party Universiti Teknologi Petronas This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. If an article link referred... UTP -- UTP glucose 1 phosphate uridylyltransferase -- UTP hexose 1 phosphate uridylyltransferase -- Otolith organ Utricle is also a fruit type, found in beet and dock. See also achene. This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. If an article link referred you here, you might want to go back and... utricle -- Uukuniemi virus group -- For the Pacific island, see Uvea. The uvea (Lat. uva, grape), also called the uveal layer, uveal coat, uveal tract, or vascular tunic of the eye, is the middle of the three concentric layers that make up an eye. The name is possibly a reference to its almost black colour... uvea -- uvea ciliary body -- uvea disorder -- Uveitis specifically refers to inflammation of the middle layer of the eye, termed the uvea but in common usage may refer to any inflammatory process involving the interior of the eye. Uveitis is estimated to be responsible for approximately 10% of the blindness in the United States. Uveitis requires a... uveitis -- The uvula is a little piece of flesh hanging down inside the mouth at the back of the palate, where it meets the throat. The word is derived from the Latin for grape. The uvula plays an important role in the creation of the sound of the human voice. It... uvula --

V

V (voltage) -- v abl -- v erbB -- v fes -- v fms -- v fos -- v fps -- v H ras -- v jun -- v K ras -- v mos -- v myb -- v myc -- v rel -- v sis -- v src -- V-gas -- Vaccination is a term coined by Edward Jenner for the process of administering a weakened form of a disease to patients as a means of giving them immunity to a more serious form of the disease. Vaccination (Latin: vacca—cow) is so named because the first vaccine was obtained... vaccination -- A bottle and a syringe containing the influenza vaccine. A vaccine (named after vaccinia, the infectious agent of cowpox, which, when vaccinated, provides protection against smallpox) is used to enhance to response of the immune system. It may prepare a human or animals immune system to defend the body... vaccine -- vaccine delivery -- vaccine development -- vaccine evaluation -- vaccine evaluation center -- vaccine screening -- vaccine testing -- Vaccinia is the condition resulting from infection with the Vaccinia virus. Vaccinia virus is closely related to the virus that causes cowpox. It is in the pox family of viruses, which also includes smallpox. Vaccinia is so mild that it is typically asymptomatic in healthy individuals, but may causes a... vaccinia virus -- vacuolating virus -- Vacuoles are large membrane-bound compartments within some eukaryotic cells where they serve a variety of different functions: capturing food materials or unwanted structural debris surrounding the cell, sequestering materials that might be toxic to the cell, maintaining fluid balance (called turgor) within the cell, exporting unwanted substances from the... vacuole -- VAD (ventricular assist device) -- Human female internal reproductive anatomy The vagina (from the Latin for sheath or scabbard ) is the tubular tract leading from the uterus to the exterior of the body in female mammals, or to the cloaca in female birds and some reptiles. Female insects and other invertebrates also have a vagina... vagina -- vagina disorder -- vagina neoplasm -- vaginal cancer -- Vaginal lubrication is the naturally produced lubricating fluid that reduces friction during sexual intercourse. Vaginal dryness is the condition where this lubrication is insufficient. The lubrication fluid contains water, pyridine, squalene, urea, acetic acid, lactic acid, complex alcohols and glycols, ketones, and aldehydes. The fluid is typically clear or slightly... vaginal fluid -- vaginal neoplasm -- vaginal smear -- Vaginitis is an infection of the vagina usually caused by a fungus. A woman with this condition may have itching or burning and may notice a discharge. Women who have diabetes may develop vaginitis more often than women who do not have diabetes. Categories: Medicine stubs ... vaginitis -- vagotomy -- The vagus nerve is tenth of twelve cranial nerves and the only nerve that starts in the brainstem (somewhere in the medulla oblongata) and extends way down past the head, all the way down to the abdomen. The vagus nerve is arguably the single most important nerve in the body... vagus nerve -- Valaciclovir (INN) or valacyclovir (USAN) is an antiviral drug used in the management of herpes simplex. It is a prodrug, being converted in vivo to aciclovir. It is currently marketed by GlaxoSmithKline under the trade name Valtrex. [paxil] [propecia] [prozac] [valtrex] [vioxx] [accutane] [bottled spring water] [bottled water] [bottled water... valaciclovir -- Valaciclovir (INN) or valacyclovir (USAN) is an antiviral drug used in the management of herpes simplex. It is a prodrug, being converted in vivo to aciclovir. It is currently marketed by GlaxoSmithKline under the trade name Valtrex. [paxil] [propecia] [prozac] [valtrex] [vioxx] [accutane] [bottled spring water] [bottled water] [bottled water... valacyclovir -- Valine is one of the 20 most common natural amino acids on Earth, and is coded for in DNA. Nutritionally, valine is also an essential amino acid. In Sickle Cell Anaemia, it subsitutes for the hydrophilic glutamic acid amino acid in haemoglobin, and because it is hydrophobic, the haemoglobin does... valine -- valinomycin -- Diazepam, brand names: Valium, Seduxen, in Europe Apozepam, is a 1,4-benzodiazepine derivative, which possesses anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, sedative and skeletal muscle relaxant properties. Diazepam is used to treat anxiety and tension and muscle spasms. It is also used as a sedative premedication and to treat alcohol withdrawal symptoms. Mode... Valium -- Valproic acid or 2-Propylpentanoic acid is CH3CH2CH2CH(CH2CH2CH3)COOH . Sodium valproate (also known as valproate, or VPA) is a sodium salt of valproic acid. Divalproex Sodium - marketed by Abbott Laboratories as Depakote® in the USA and Canada and as Epilim® in the UK and Australia - is the semisodium salt... valproate -- Valsalva's maneuver -- Valaciclovir (INN) or valacyclovir (USAN) is an antiviral drug used in the management of herpes simplex. It is a prodrug, being converted in vivo to aciclovir. It is currently marketed by GlaxoSmithKline under the trade name Valtrex. [paxil] [propecia] [prozac] [valtrex] [vioxx] [accutane] [bottled spring water] [bottled water] [bottled water... Valtrex -- valvular insufficiency -- van Bogaert's sclerosing leukoencephalitis -- van der Hoeve Halbertsona Waardenburg syndrome -- The title given to this article is incorrect due to technical limitations. The correct title is van der Waals force. In chemistry, the term van der Waals force originally referred to all forms of intermolecular forces; however, in modern usage it tends to refer only to London forces: those forces... van der Waals force -- van der Woude syndrome -- vanadate -- General Name, Symbol, Number vanadium, V, 23 Chemical series transition metals Group, Period, Block 5 , 4 , d Density, Hardness 6110 kg/m3, 7.0 Appearance silvery grey metallic Atomic properties Atomic weight 50.9415 amu Atomic radius (calc.) 135 (171) pm Covalent radius 125 pm van der Waals radius n... vanadium -- Vancomycin is an antibiotic used in the prophylaxis and treament of infections caused by Gram-positive bacteria. It is a branched tricyclic glycosylated nonribosomal peptide produced by the fermentation of the actinomycete bacteria Amycolatopsis orientalis (formerly Nocardia orientalis). It is often reserved as the drug of last resort, used only... vancomycin -- vanillylmandelate -- vanylglycol -- Vapor (US English) or vapour (British English) is the gaseous state of matter. Although vapor and gas are frequently used interchangeably, vapor often carries the connotation of gaseous matter in a state of equilibrium with identical matter in a liquid or solid state. See the entry on vapor pressure for... vapor -- vapor phase chromatography -- variable region gene -- variant angina pectoris -- Varicella is a Latin name for chickenpox. See also : Infectious diseases Virus Varicella is also a work of interactive fiction by Adam Cadre (1999). The player character is Primo Varicella, palace minister in Piedmont, who has to get rid of several rivals for the regency following the death of... varicella -- The varicella-zoster virus (VZV), also known as human herpesvirus 3 (HHV-3), is one of the eight herpesviruses known to affect humans (and other vertebrates). Primary VZV infection results in varicella (chickenpox), which may rarely result in complications including VZV encephalitis. Even when clinical symptoms of varicella have resolved... varicella zoster virus -- Varicellovirus -- varices -- varicocele -- Varicola virus -- Varicose veins are veins on the leg which are large, twisted, and ropelike, and can cause pain, swelling, or itching. They are an extreme form of telangiectasia, or spider veins. Vein gymnastics in the barefoot park Dornstetten, Germany. Varicose veins are more common in women than in men, and are... varicose vein -- Smallpox (also known by the Latin names Variola or Variola vera) is a highly contagious disease unique to humans. It is caused by two virus variants called Variola major and Variola minor. V. major is the more deadly form, with a typical mortality of 20-40 percent of those infected... variola -- variola major virus -- variola virus -- Male Anatomy The vas deferens, also called ductus deferens, (Latin: carrying-away vessel) is part of the human male anatomy. There are two of them; they are muscular tubes (surrounded by smooth muscle) connecting the left and right epididymis to the ejaculatory ducts in order to move sperm. Each tube... vas deferens -- vas deferens surgery -- Most cells need to be within a few cell-widths of a capillary to stay alive, and the cells that make up the outer walls of a blood vessel are no exception. The network of smaller vessels that supply these cells is known as the vasa vasorum. The vasa vasorum... vasa vasorum -- Vascular is an adjective for the word vessel and refers to tube-like structures. In Zoology, more specifically anatomy and physiology, vascular means related to blood vessels. An organ or tissue that is vascularized is heavily endowed with blood vessels and thus richly supplied with blood. In Botany, vascular plants... vascular -- vascular bed -- vascular cell adhesion molecule -- vascular endothelial growth factor -- vascular endothelioma -- vascular endothelium -- vascular endothelium permeability -- vascular hemophilia -- vascular motor function -- vascular permeability factor -- Vascular resistance is a term used to define the resistance to flow that must be overcome to push blood through the circulatory system. The resistance offered by the peripheral circulation is known as the systemic vascular resistance (SVR), while the resistance offered by the vasculature of the lungs is known... vascular resistance -- Vascular smooth muscle refers to the particular type of smooth muscle found within, and comprising the majority of the wall of blood vessels. Arteries have a great deal more smooth muscle within their walls than veins, thus their greater wall thickness. The endothelial lining of each is similar. Categories: Anatomy... vascular smooth muscle -- vascular smooth muscle nervous control -- vascular supply -- In medicine, vasculitis (plural: vasculitides) is a group of diseases featuring inflammation of the wall of blood vessels. Its main causes are autoimmune disorders and (occasionally) infections. Treatment depends on the cause. While most vasculitides are rare diseases, they generally affect several organ systems and can cause severe disability. Diagnosis... vasculitis -- vasculogenesis -- For the process of removing or killing all microorganisms from an object, see Sterilization (microbiology). Sterilization is a surgical technique leaving a male or female unable to procreate. It is a method of birth control. A vasectomy in males. The vasa deferentia, the tubes which connect the testicles to the... vasectomy -- Vasin Gishu disease virus -- vasoactive agent -- vasoactive intestinal peptide -- The blood vessels are part of the circulatory system and function to transport blood throughout the body. Types Arteries Aorta (the largest artery, carries blood out of the heart) Arterioles Capillaries (the smallest blood vessels) Venules Veins Venae cavae (the 2 largest veins, carry blood into the heart) Glossary Vasoconstriction... vasoconstriction -- A vasoconstrictor is any substance that acts to constrict blood vessels, i.e. make the lumen narrow. Many vasoconstrictors act on specific receptors, such as vasopressin receptors or adrenoreceptors. Vasoconstrictors are also used clinically to increase blood pressure or to reduce local blood flow. Categories: Biology stubs ... vasoconstrictor -- The blood vessels are part of the circulatory system and function to transport blood throughout the body. Types Arteries Aorta (the largest artery, carries blood out of the heart) Arterioles Capillaries (the smallest blood vessels) Venules Veins Venae cavae (the 2 largest veins, carry blood into the heart) Glossary Vasoconstriction... vasodilatation -- The blood vessels are part of the circulatory system and function to transport blood throughout the body. Types Arteries Aorta (the largest artery, carries blood out of the heart) Arterioles Capillaries (the smallest blood vessels) Venules Veins Venae cavae (the 2 largest veins, carry blood into the heart) Glossary Vasoconstriction... vasodilation -- A vasodilator is a substance that causes blood vessels in the body to become wider by relaxing the smooth muscle in the vessel wall. This will reduce blood pressure (since there is more room for the blood) and might allow blood to flow around a clot. Several vasodilators are used... vasodilator -- vasomotion -- Antidiuretic hormone (ADH), or arginine vasopressin (AVP), is a peptide hormone produced by the hypothalamus, and stored in the posterior part of the pituitary gland. ADH acts on the kidneys, concentrating the urine by promoting the reabsorption of water from the cortical collecting duct. Physiology Control ADH is activated by... vasopressin -- vasopressin defective diabetes insipidus -- vasopressin resistant diabetes insipidus -- vasopressor -- Vasospasm refers to a condition in which blood vessels spasm, leading to constriction. This can lead to tissue death. Categories: Medicine stubs ... vasospasm -- vasotocin -- Viação Aérea São Paulo (VASP) is a Brazilian airline based in São Paulo. Generated in São Paulo the company intented to connect Brazil’s large cities: Vasp (Viação Aérea São Paulo), founded on November 4, 1933. Vasp was the first to... VASP -- VCAM -- 22 q11 microdeletion syndrome is a birth defect caused by a genetic abnormality that occurs in approximately one in 700 births. Also variously nicknamed, or labelled according to symptomatic manifestations: Catch 22 Conotruncal face anomaly Craniofacial syndrome DiGeorge syndrome Shprintzen syndrome Unusual face syndrome Velocardio-facial syndrome (VCFS) Most commonly... VCFS -- VDWS -- vector (nucleic acid cloning) -- vector (nucleic acid mobility) -- vector cardiography -- vector magnetocardiography -- vector vaccine -- VEE virus -- Vegetables on a market Vegetable is a nutritional and culinary term denoting any part of a plant that is commonly consumed by humans as food, but is not regarded as a culinary fruit, nut, herb, spice, or grain. In common usage, vegetables include the leaves (e.g. lettuce), stems (asparagus... vegetable -- A vegetable oil or vegoil is an oil extracted from oilseeds or another plant source. Some vegetable oils, such as rapeseed, cottonseed or castor oil, are not fit for human consumption without further processing. Like all fats, vegetable oils are esters of glycerin and a varying blend of fatty acids... vegetable oil -- Vegetarian cuisine is cookery of food that meets vegetarian principles. This means food free from ingredients for which an animal must have died, such as meat, meat broth, cheeses that use animal rennet (some vegetarians will eat all cheeses and others none, because of its milk content), gelatin (from animal... vegetarian diet -- VEGF -- vehicular accident -- Veillonella -- In geology, a vein is a regularly shaped and lengthy occurrence of an ore; a lode. In biology, a vein is a blood vessel which returns blood from the microvasculature to the heart. Veins form part of the circulatory system. The vessels carrying blood away from the heart are known... vein -- vein infusion -- vein occlusion -- 22 q11 microdeletion syndrome is a birth defect caused by a genetic abnormality that occurs in approximately one in 700 births. Also variously nicknamed, or labelled according to symptomatic manifestations: Catch 22 Conotruncal face anomaly Craniofacial syndrome DiGeorge syndrome Shprintzen syndrome Unusual face syndrome Velocardio-facial syndrome (VCFS) Most commonly... velocardiofacial syndrome -- The superior and inferior venae cavae are the veins that return the blood from the body into the heart. They both empty into the right atrium. The inferior vena cava travels up alongside the abdominal aorta with blood from the lower part of the body. The superior vena cava is... vena cava -- Sexually-transmitted infections (STIs), also known as sexually-transmitted diseases (STDs), are diseases that are commonly transmitted between partners through some form of sexual activity, most commonly vaginal intercourse, oral sex, or anal sex. They were commonly known as venereal diseases (VD) until some time around 1990, when public health... venereal disease -- venereal herpes -- venereal wart -- Venipuncture (also known as phlebotomy or simply bleeding) is the process of obtaining blood from someone, from one of their veins. In many circumstances it will be done by a phlebotomist, although nurses, doctors and other medical staff are also trained to take blood. Blood is most commonly obtained from... venesection -- The Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela (Spanish: República Bolivariana de Venezuela)1 is a country in northern South America.2 It borders the Caribbean Sea and the Atlantic Ocean to the north, Guyana to the east, Brazil to the south, and Colombia to the west. Off the Venezuelan coast are... Venezuela -- Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus -- Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis virus -- Venezuelan hemorrhagic fever virus -- Venipuncture (also known as phlebotomy or simply bleeding) is the process of obtaining blood from someone, from one of their veins. In many circumstances it will be done by a phlebotomist, although nurses, doctors and other medical staff are also trained to take blood. Blood is most commonly obtained from... venipuncture -- Venlafaxine hydrochloride is a prescription antidepressant first introduced by Wyeth in 1993, and marketed under the tradename Effexor®. It is used primarily for the treatment of depression, generalized anxiety disorder, and social anxiety disorder in adults. The chemical structure of Venlafaxine is designated (R/S)-1-[2-(dimethylamino)-1-(4... venlafaxine -- venography -- This article is about the toxin. For other meanings, see Venom (disambiguation) Venom is a general term for the toxins used by several groups of animal species, for the purpose of defense and hunting prey. Most widely known are snakes, some species of which inject venom into their prey through... venom -- venom antibody -- venous bypass of liver -- A venous thrombosis is a blood clot that forms within a vein. Thrombosis is a specific medical term for a blood clot that remains in the place where it formed. Superficial venous thromboses can cause discomfort but generally do not cause serious consequences, unlike the deep venous thromboses (DVTs) that... venous thrombosis -- Salbutamol (INN) or albuterol (USAN) is a short-acting β2-adrenergic receptor agonist used for the relief of bronchospasm in conditions such as asthma and COPD. It is marketed by the Allen & Hanburys respiratory division of GlaxoSmithKline under the trade name Ventolin. Salbutamol sulfate is usually given... Ventolin -- ventral column -- ventral root -- ventral sensory nucleus -- ventral thalamus -- Ventricular fibrillation (V-fib) is a cardiac condition which consists of a lack of coordination of the contraction of the muscle tissue of the large chambers of the heart. The ventricular muscle twitches randomly, rather than contracting in unison, and so the ventricles fail to pump blood into the arteries... ventricular fibrillation -- ventricular hypertrophy -- ventriculography -- A venule is a small blood vessel that allows blood to return from the capillary beds to the larger blood vessels called veins. Venules have three layers: An inner endothelium composed of squamous epithelial cells that act as a membrane, a middle layer of muscle and elastic tissue, and an... venule -- Verapamil is a medical drug that acts as a calcium channel blocker. It is used in the treatment of hypertension, angina pectoris, and some types of arrhythmia. Verapamil is a class IV antiarrhythmic agent, and decreases conduction through the AV node. Some possible side effects of the drug are headaches... verapamil -- veratridine -- veratrine -- veratrum alkaloid -- verbal behavior -- verbal conditioning -- verbal learning -- vermis -- Vero cell -- Verruca vulgaris -- A diagram of a thoracic vertebra. Notice the articulations for the ribs Vertebrae (singular: vertebra) are the individual bones that make up the vertebral column (aka spine), is a flexuous and flexible column. There are thirty-three (33) vertebrae in humans, including the five that are fused to form the... vertebrae -- vertebral canal -- The vertebral column seen from the side The vertebral column (backbone or spine) is a column of vertebrae situated in the dorsal aspect of the abdomen. Curves Viewed laterally the vertebral column presents several curves, which correspond to the different regions of the column, and are called cervical, thoracic, lumbar... vertebral column -- vertebral injury -- Typical classes Petromyzontidae (lampreys) Placodermi - extinct Chondrichthyes (cartilaginous fish) Acanthodii - extinct Actinopterygii (ray-finned fish) Actinistia (coelacanths) Dipnoi (lungfish) Amphibia (amphibians) Reptilia (reptiles) Aves (birds) Mammalia (mammals) Vertebrata is a subphylum of chordates, specifically, those with backbones or spinal columns. The bones of the spinal column (or vertebral column) are... vertebrata -- Typical classes Petromyzontidae (lampreys) Placodermi - extinct Chondrichthyes (cartilaginous fish) Acanthodii - extinct Actinopterygii (ray-finned fish) Actinistia (coelacanths) Dipnoi (lungfish) Amphibia (amphibians) Reptilia (reptiles) Aves (birds) Mammalia (mammals) Vertebrata is a subphylum of chordates, specifically, those with backbones or spinal columns. The bones of the spinal column (or vertebral column) are... vertebrate -- vertebrate animal colony -- vertebrate embryology -- vertical perception -- vertical transmission -- Vertigo can refer to a number of things: Vertigo is a form of dizziness often associated with balance disorder. Vertigo is the title of an Alfred Hitchcock movie. Vertigo is an imprint of comic books and graphic novels published by DC Comics, which is intended for mature audiences. Vertigo is... vertigo -- vervet -- very low birth weight infant human -- Very Low Density Lipoprotein (VLDL) is a lipoprotein subclass. It is assembled in the liver from cholesterol and apolipoproteins. It is converted in the bloodstream to low density lipoprotein (LDL). VLDL is prone to accelerate atherosclerosis, and is elevated in a number of diseases and metabolic states. See also Combined... very low density lipoprotein -- vesical calculi -- vesication -- In cell biology, a vesicle is a relatively small and enclosed compartment, separated from the cytosol by at least one lipid bilayer. Vesicles store, transport, or digest cellular products and wastes. This biomembrane enclosing the vesicle is the same as that of the outer (cellular) membrane. They are a basic... vesicle -- vesicle (artificial) -- vesicular mole -- vesicular skin disorder -- Vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) is a virus in the family Rhabdoviridae, order Mononegavirales. The well-known Rabies virus belongs to the same family. VSV can infect insects and mammals. It is considered harmless to humans, and is a common laboratory virus used to study the properties of viruses in the... vesicular stomatitis virus -- Vesiculovirus -- See also Labyrinth, an article treating the mythical maze that imprisoned the Minotaur. The labyrinth is a system of fluid passages in the inner ear, comprising the semicircular canals and the vestibule, which provides the sense of balance. It is named by analogy with the mythical maze that imprisoned the... vestibular apparatus -- vestibular nerve -- vestibular nuclei -- vestibular pathway -- vestibular reflex -- vestibuloocular reflex -- A veteran refers to a person who is experienced in a particular area, particularly referring to people in the armed forces. (From Latin vetus, meaning old.) Upon leaving the armed forces veterans have needed to find a new place in society. For most of history, dealing with veterans was a... veteran -- Veterinary medicine is the application of medical diagnostic and therapeutic principles to companion, domestic, exotic, wildlife, and production animals. Veterinary medicine is informally as old as the human/animal bond but in recent years has expanded exponentially because of the availability of advanced diagnostic and therapeutic techniques for most species... veterinary medicine -- Veterinary medicine is the application of medical diagnostic and therapeutic principles to companion, domestic, exotic, wildlife, and production animals. Veterinary medicine is informally as old as the human/animal bond but in recent years has expanded exponentially because of the availability of advanced diagnostic and therapeutic techniques for most species... veterinary science -- See Oscillator (disambiguation) for particular types of oscillation and oscillators. Oscillation is the periodic variation, typically in time, of some measure as seen, for example, in a swinging pendulum. The term vibration is sometimes used more narrowly to mean a mechanical oscillation but sometimes is used to be synonymous with... vibration -- vibration perception -- Vibrio is a genus of bacteria, included in the gamma subgroup of the Proteobacteria. Some are associated with diarrheal disease and other symptoms. Species of Vibrio include: Vibrio cholerae, the agent that causes cholera Vibrio vulnificus, associated with infections after eating seafood Vibrio parahaemolyticus Vibrio harveyi and Vibrio fischeri, symbiotes... Vibrio -- Vibrio cholerae is a rod-shaped bacterium that causes cholera in humans. It and other species of the genus Vibrio belong to the gamma subdivision of the Proteobacteria. There are two dominant strains, classic and El Tor. are in the O1 serogroup and both contain Inaba, Ogawa and Hikojima serotypes... Vibrio cholerae -- Vibrio comma -- Vibrio parahemolyticus -- Vibrio vulnificus is a rod-shaped bacterium of the genus Vibrio present in warm seawater. It causes an infection often incurred after eating seafood, especially shellfish. The bacteria can also enter the body through open wounds when swimming or wading. Symptoms include diarrhea and a blistering dermatitis that is sometimes... Vibrio vulnificus -- Vibrionaceae -- vibriosis -- This article is about vibrissae, often called whiskers. For other uses of the word whisker, see whisker. Yawning cat showing Vibrissae under nose and above eyes Vibrissae (singular is vibrissa) are hairs specialized for detection of movement, commonly called whiskers. In general, vibrissae are hairs which grow around the nostrils... vibrissae -- Binomial name Vicia faba L. Vicia faba, the Broad Bean, Fava Bean, Faba Bean, Horse Bean, Field Bean or Tic Bean is a species of bean ( Fabaceae) native to north Africa and southwest Asia, and extensively cultivated elsewhere. Although usually classified in the same genus Vicia as the vetches, some... Vicia faba -- victorin -- vidarabine -- video microscopy -- video recording system -- video vision for the blind -- Video disc is a general term for a laser- or stylus-readable random-access circular disc that contains both audio and video forms of multimedia. Typically, it is a reference to any such media that predates the mainstream popularity of the DVD format. Such formats include: MCA DiscoVision (early name... videodisc -- Videotape is a means of recording television pictures and accompanying sound onto magnetic tape as opposed to movie film. The first practical professional videotape machines were the Quad machines introduced by Ampex in the United States in 1956. Quad employed a helical scan system on a two-inch (5 cm... videotape -- Videx -- The Socialist Republic of Vietnam is a country in Southeast Asia. It borders China, Laos, Cambodia, and the Gulf of Tonkin. National motto: Ðộc lập, tự do, hạnh phúc (Vietnamese: Independence, Liberty, Happiness) Official language Vietnamese Capital Hanoi President Tran Duc Luong Prime... Vietnam -- vigabatrin -- Vigilance is the act of watching for something to happen, of watching for danger. It is not something that humans are very good at, since it is difficult to maintain attention for very long without some stimulus. A security guard is just one of many occupations where vigilance is a... vigilance -- villikinin -- villin -- Vilyuisk virus -- Intermediate filaments are one component of the cytoskeleton - important structural components of living cells. Their size is intermediate between that of microfilaments and microtubules. They are assembled from several different proteins. IFs crisscross the cytosol from the nuclear envelope to the cell membrane. Types The different kinds of IFs share... vimentin -- vinblastine -- vinca alkaloid -- vincaleukoblastine -- vincamine -- Vincristine (Oncovin®) is an alkaloid from the Madagascar Periwinkle (Catharanthus roseus, formerly Vinca Rosea and hence its name). It is used in chemotherapy. Mode of action Vincristine acts by binding to tubulin, the main protein of the cytoskeleton. Microtubule disruption impedes mitosis in metaphase. The vinca alkaloids therefore affect all... vincristine -- vinculin -- vinegar fly -- vinyl ether -- vinylbenzene polymer -- vinylchloride polymer -- vinyledene chloride -- Violence is a general term to describe actions, usually deliberate, that cause or intend to cause injury to people, animals, or non-living objects. Violence is often associated with aggression. There are essentially two kinds of violence: random violence, which describes small-scale acts of random or targeted violence, and... violence -- Wikipedia does not yet have an article with this exact name. Start the Vip article If you have created this page in the past few minutes and it has not yet appeared, it may not be visible due to a delay in updating the database. Please wait and check again... VIP -- viper retrovirus -- viracept -- Viral phenomena are objects or phenomena able to reproduce themselves or convert other objects into copies of themself when other objects are exposed to it. The concept of something, other than a biological virus being viral came into vogue just after the Internet became widely popular in the mid to... viral -- viral antigen variation -- viral carcinogenesis -- viral disease chemotherapy -- viral disease pharmacotherapy -- viral haemorrhagic septicemia virus -- Infection is also the title of an episode of the television series Babylon 5; see Infection (Babylon 5). An infection is the detrimental colonization of a host organism by a foreign species. The colonizing organism interferes with the normal functioning and perhaps the survival of the host. The infecting organism... viral infection -- viral latency -- viral leukemia -- viral leukemogenesis -- viral leukoencephalitis -- viral leukoencephalopathy -- Meningitis is inflammation of the membranes (meninges) covering the brain and the spinal cord. Although the most common causes are infection (either bacterial or viral), chemical agents and even tumor cells may cause meningitis. Encephalitis and brain abscess can complicate infective meningitis. Causative organisms Viruses are the most common cause... viral meningitis -- viral myelinopathy -- viral neoplasm -- viral pneumonia -- viral rescue -- viral vaccine -- viral vector development -- viremia -- virilism -- A common alternate meaning of virus is computer virus. Other meanings, as well as a discussion of pluralization, are at plural of virus. List of biological viruses Three types of viruses: a bacterial virus, otherwise called a bacteriophage (left center); an animal virus (top right); and a retrovirus (bottom right... virion -- Viroids are infectious agents that consist of single-stranded RNA. They are much smaller and simpler than viruses and lack the protein cover that is typical for viruses. Viroids use higher plants (such as potatoes, tomatoes and cucumbers) to reproduce, inserting themselves into the nucleus of a plant cell to... viroid -- Virology is the study of viruses and their properties. Properties include: Viral replication Viral pathogenesis Viral immunology Viral vaccines Diagnostic methods Antiviral chemotherapy Infection control measures Virus outbreaks See also molecular biology phage, the virus of bacteria/prokaryotes viral plaque Important publications in virology Virus classification Categories: Medicine stubs | Infectious... virology -- Virtual reality (abbreviated VR) describes an environment that is simulated by a computer. Most virtual reality environments are primarily visual experiences, displayed either on a computer screen or through special stereoscopic goggles, but some simulations include additional sensory information, such as sound through speakers. Users can often interactively manipulate a... virtual reality -- Virulence is a term used to refer to either the relative pathogenicity or the relative ability to do damage to the host of an infectious agent. Virulent bacteriophage Virulent phage infect their bacterial hosts and lyse them after intracellular propagation. Rather than integrating their genome in the host genome a... virulence -- A common alternate meaning of virus is computer virus. Other meanings, as well as a discussion of pluralization, are at plural of virus. List of biological viruses Three types of viruses: a bacterial virus, otherwise called a bacteriophage (left center); an animal virus (top right); and a retrovirus (bottom right... virus -- virus antigen -- virus antigenic variation -- virus assembly -- virus characteristic -- Viruses can be classified in several ways, such as by their geometry, by whether they have envelopes, by the identity of the host organism they can infect, by mode of transmission, or by the type of disease they cause. The most useful classification is probably by the type of nucleic... virus classification -- virus core -- virus culture -- virus cytopathogenic effect -- virus development -- virus disease -- virus disease chemotherapy -- virus disease pharmacotherapy -- virus DNA -- virus envelope -- virus genetics -- virus host interaction -- virus identification -- virus inactivation -- virus infection -- virus infection mechanism -- virus integration -- virus load -- virus morphology -- virus multiplication -- virus pathogenesis -- virus protein -- virus receptor -- virus registry -- virus related cancer -- virus related diabetes mellitus -- virus related neoplasm -- virus replication -- virus resource -- virus RNA -- virus seed resource -- virus tropism -- virus unmasking -- virus virus interaction -- virusemia -- viruslike particle -- visceral afferent nerve -- visceral glomerular epithelial cell -- A viscoelastic material is one in which the stress induced is proportional to the rate of strain in the material. Viscoelastic material models are frequently used to describe the behaviour of human tissue. Commonly used viscoelastic models are the Kelvin-Voight and Maxwell models. Categories: Stub ... viscoelasticity -- Viscosity is a measure of the resistance of a fluid to deformation under shear stress. It is commonly perceived as thickness, or resistance to pouring. Viscosity describes a fluids internal resistance to flow and may be thought of as a measure of fluid friction. Thus, methanol is thin, having... viscosity -- viscus -- The optical spectrum (light or visible spectrum) is the portion of the electromagnetic spectrum that is visible to the human eye. There are no exact bounds to the optical spectrum; a typical human eye will respond to wavelengths from 400 to 700 nm, although some people may be able to... visible light -- visible spectrometry -- Vision can refer to: Visual perception is one of the senses. vision (religion) Vision can mean an imagined picturing originating with not-so-divine sources: politicians, business planners and change gurus play on this sense of the word. A company vision may express a corporate long-term goal - not to... vision -- vision aid -- vision disorder -- vision test -- Visna Maedi virus -- Visna virus -- Visual acuity is the eyes ability to detect fine details and is the quantitative measure of the eyes ability to see an in-focus image at a certain distance. The standard definition of normal visual acuity (20/20 or 6/6 vision) is the ability to resolve a... visual acuity -- visual aid -- The visual cortex is the part of the cerebral cortex that is responsible for processing visual stimuli. It is located at the back of the brain in the occipital lobe. It is highly specialized for processing information about static and moving objects and is excellent in pattern recognition. Anatomically, the... visual cortex -- visual deprivation -- visual depth perception -- visual feedback -- Your field of view is that part of the observable world that you are able to see at any given moment. Different animals have different fields of view, depending on the placement of the eyes. Humans have a 180-degree forward-facing field of view, while some birds have a... visual field -- visual fixation -- visual pathway -- Visual perception is one of the senses, consisting of the ability to detect light and interpret (see) it as the perception known as sight or naked eye vision. Vision has a specific sensory system. There is disagreement as to whether or not this constitutes one, two or even three distinct... visual perception -- visual photoreceptor -- visual photosensitivity -- visual phototransduction -- visual pigment -- visual stimulus -- visual tectum -- visual threshold -- visual tracking -- The average pair of human lungs can hold about 6 litres of air, but only a small amount is used during normal breathing. Different lung volumes and capacities measure various features about the lungs. These volumes vary with the age and height of the person, the values here are for... vital capacity -- Vital statistics are the information maintained by a government, recording the birth and death of individuals within that governments jurisdiction. Categories: Stub ... vital statistics -- Vitamins are organic chemicals that a given living organism requires in trace quantities for good health, but which the organism cannot synthesize, and therefore must obtain from its diet. The term vitamin does not encompass other essential nutrients such as dietary minerals, essential fatty acids or essential amino acids. Nor... vitamin -- Retinol, the dietary form of vitamin A, is a fat-soluble, antioxidant vitamin important in vision and bone growth. It belongs to the family of chemical compounds known as retinoids. Retinol is ingested in a precursor form; animal sources (milk and eggs) contain retinyl esters, whereas plants (carrots, spinach) contain... vitamin A -- vitamin A deficiency -- vitamin A receptor -- vitamin A1 -- vitamin analog -- vitamin antagonist -- Vitamin B is a complex of several vitamins. The name arises because it was once considered a single vitamin, much like Vitamin C or Vitamin D. Since later research has shown it is in fact a complex of chemically distinct vitamins that happen to often coexist in the same foods... vitamin B complex -- vitamin B deficiency -- Thiamine mononitrate Thiamine or thiamin, also known as vitamin B1, is a colorless compound with chemical formula C12H17ClN4OS. It is soluble in water and insoluble in alcohol. Thiamine decomposes if heated. Thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP) is a coenzyme for pyruvate dehydrogenase, α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase and transketolase. The first two of these... vitamin B1 -- Cobalamin or vitamin B12 is a chemical compound that is also known as cyanocobalamine. It is needed for nerve cells and red blood cells, and to make DNA. It is an organometallic compound with a trivalent cobalt ion bound inside a corrin ring. Its chemical structure was determined by Dorothy... vitamin B12 -- vitamin B12 coenzyme -- vitamin B12 compound -- vitamin B12 deficiency -- vitamin B12 transport defect -- Riboflavin (E101), also known as vitamin B2, is an easily absorbed, water-soluble micronutrient with a key role in maintaining human health. Like the other B vitamins, it supports energy production by aiding in the metabolising of fats, carbohydrates, and proteins. Vitamin B2 is also required for red blood cell... vitamin B2 -- Niacin, also known as nicotinic acid or vitamin B3, is a water-soluble vitamin whose derivatives such as NADH play essential roles in energy metabolism in the living cell. The designation vitamin B3 also includes the amide form, nicotinamide or niacinamide. Severe lack of niacin causes the deficiency disease pellagra... vitamin B3 -- The two major forms of vitamin B6 are pyridoxine and pyridoxamine. In the liver they are converted to pyridoxal 5-phosphate (PLP) which is a cofactor in many reactions of amino acid metabolism. PLP also is necessary for the enzymatic reaction governing the release of glucose from glycogen. Categories: Chemistry... vitamin B6 -- vitamin B6 deficiency -- vitamin Bc -- vitamin biosynthesis -- Vitamin C is a water-soluble vitamin used by the body for several purposes. Most animals can synthesize their own vitamin C, but some animals, including guinea pigs, humans, and other primates, cannot. Vitamin C was first isolated in 1928, and in 1932 it was proved to be the agent... vitamin C -- Scurvy is a disease that results from insufficient intake of vitamin C and leads to the formation of livid spots on the skin, spongy gums and bleeding from almost all mucous membranes. The spots are most abundant on the thighs and legs, and a person with the ailment looks pale... vitamin C deficiency -- Vitamin D is a fat soluble vitamin that contributes to the maintenance of normal levels of calcium and phosphorus in the bloodstream. Often known as calciferol. Forms of Vitamin D: Vitamin D1: lamisterol Vitamin D2: ergocalciferol (made from ergosterol) Vitamin D3: cholecalciferol (made from 7-dehydrocholesterol) Vitamin D4: dihydrotachysterol (22... vitamin D -- vitamin D deficiency -- vitamin D receptor -- vitamin D resistant rickets -- Vitamin D is a fat soluble vitamin that contributes to the maintenance of normal levels of calcium and phosphorus in the bloodstream. Often known as calciferol. Forms of Vitamin D: Vitamin D1: lamisterol Vitamin D2: ergocalciferol (made from ergosterol) Vitamin D3: cholecalciferol (made from 7-dehydrocholesterol) Vitamin D4: dihydrotachysterol (22... vitamin D2 -- Vitamin D is a fat soluble vitamin that contributes to the maintenance of normal levels of calcium and phosphorus in the bloodstream. Often known as calciferol. Forms of Vitamin D: Vitamin D1: lamisterol Vitamin D2: ergocalciferol (made from ergosterol) Vitamin D3: cholecalciferol (made from 7-dehydrocholesterol) Vitamin D4: dihydrotachysterol (22... vitamin D3 -- vitamin deficiency -- Tocopherol, or Vitamin E, is a fat-soluble vitamin in eight forms that is an important antioxidant. Vitamin E is often used in skin creams and lotions because it is believed to play a role in encouraging skin healing and reducing scarring after injuries such as burns. Natural vitamin E... vitamin E -- vitamin E deficiency -- Essential fatty acids are fatty acids that are required in the human diet. This means they cannot be synthesized by the body from other fatty acids and must be obtained from food. These fatty acids were originally designated as Vitamin F, until it was realized that they must be classified... vitamin F -- Riboflavin (E101), also known as vitamin B2, is an easily absorbed, water-soluble micronutrient with a key role in maintaining human health. Like the other B vitamins, it supports energy production by aiding in the metabolising of fats, carbohydrates, and proteins. Vitamin B2 is also required for red blood cell... vitamin G -- Biotin, also known as vitamin H or B7 and C10H16N2O3S (Biotin; Coenzyme R, Biopeiderm), is a B-complex vitamin which is important in the catalysis of essential metabolic reactions to synthesize fatty acids, in gluconeogenesis, and to metabolize leucine. The molecular weight of biotin is 244.31. Other uses: commonly... vitamin H -- This article describes the biomolecule known as Vitamin K. For the unrelated drug sometimes referred to in slang as Vitamin K, see Ketamine. Vitamin K is a group of 2-methilo-naphthoquinone derivatives. It is a human vitamin, lipophilic (i.e. soluble in lipids) and therefore hydrophobic (i.e. insoluble... vitamin K -- vitamin K deficiency -- vitamin K1 -- vitamin K3 -- Folic acid (the anion form is called folate) is a B-complex vitamin (once called vitamin M) that is important in preventing neural tube defects (NTDs) in the developing human fetus. Folic acid and pregnancy Since the discovery of the link between insufficient folic acid and NTDs, governments and health... vitamin M -- vitamin metabolism -- vitamin PP -- vitamin receptor -- vitamin therapy -- vitellin -- vitelline membrane -- vitelline sac -- vitellogenin -- Vitiligo (or leukoderma) is the patchy loss of skin pigmentation due to an auto-immune attack by the bodys own immune system on skin melanocytes. It frequently begins in late adulthood, with patches of unpigmented skin appearing on extremities. The patches may grow or remain constant in size. Occasional... vitiligo -- Vitreous humour is the clear gel that fills the eyeball, lying between the lens and the retina in the eye. Floaters are small, generally harmless, defects in the vitreous humour. Where the vitreous humour has become cloudy, vitrectomy is surgery to restore sight in which the surgeon removes cloudy vitreous... vitrectomy -- vitreous body -- vitreous floater -- vitreous hemorrhage -- vitreous state -- vitronectin -- VLBW (human) -- Very Low Density Lipoprotein (VLDL) is a lipoprotein subclass. It is assembled in the liver from cholesterol and apolipoproteins. It is converted in the bloodstream to low density lipoprotein (LDL). VLDL is prone to accelerate atherosclerosis, and is elevated in a number of diseases and metabolic states. See also Combined... VLDL -- voacanga alkaloid -- A vocabulary is a set of words known to a person or other entity, or that are part of a specific language. The vocabulary of a person is defined either as the set of all words that are understood by that person or the set of all words likely to... vocabulary -- vocabulary development for information system -- The vocal cords, also known as vocal folds, are composed of twin infoldings of mucous membrane stretched horizontally across the human larynx. They vibrate, modulating the flow of air being expelled from the lungs during phonation. Open during breathing, the folds are controlled via the arytenoid cartilages for speech or... vocal cord -- The vocal cords, also known as vocal folds, are composed of twin infoldings of mucous membrane stretched horizontally across the human larynx. They vibrate, modulating the flow of air being expelled from the lungs during phonation. Open during breathing, the folds are controlled via the arytenoid cartilages for speech or... vocal fold -- vocalis -- In animals, vocalization is a means of communication generated in many cases by their primitive versions of vocal chords. In birds, it may be achieved by whistling but can communicate a number of things including danger. It is also used to describe the noises made via the blowhole of mammalian... vocalization -- A vocation is an occupation, either professional or voluntary, that is seen more to those who carry it out than simply financial reward. Vocations can be seen as providing a psychological or spiritual need for the worker, and are often assumed to carry some form of altruistic intent. The term... vocation -- vocational guidance -- vocational rehabilitation -- Vogt Spielmeyer disease -- The word voice can mean: The human voice. A section of a choir or other musical ensemble that sings or plays the same part. The register of a line of counterpoint, including soprano, alto, tenor, bass. These terms come the section of the choir to which a line would be... voice -- voice box -- Speech recognition technologies allow computers equipped with a source of sound input, such as a microphone, to interpret human speech, e.g. for transcription or as an alternative method of interacting with a computer. Classification Such systems can be classified as to whether they require the user to train the... voice recognition -- voice synthesizer -- voiding -- Serbia and Montenegro  -Serbia    -Kosovo and Metohia    -Vojvodina  -Montenegro Official languages Serbian, Hungarian, Slovak, Romanian, Croatian, Rusyn 1 Capital Novi Sad Area  - Total  - % water 21,500 km² n/a Population  - Total (2002)  - Density 2,031,992 94.51... Vojvodina -- This article is about volcanoes in geology. For the action movie, see Volcano (movie). A volcano (plural, volcanoes) is a geological landform (usually a mountain) where magma (rock of the earths interior made molten or liquid by high pressure and temperature) erupts through the surface of the planet. Although... volcano -- A vole is a small rodent resembling a mouse but with a stouter body; a shorter, hairy tail; and smaller ears and eyes. Contents // Categories: Animal stubs ... vole -- volepox virus -- In the physical sciences, potential difference is the difference in potential between two points in a conservative vector field. In engineering, it is sometimes described as the across variable, where flux is the through variable. Production The product of the flux and the potential difference is the power, which is... voltage -- voltage channel in biomembrane -- Electrophysiology is the science and branch of physiology that pertains to the flow of ions in biological tissues and, in particular, to the electrical recording techniques that enable the measurement of this flow. These include so-called passive recording as well as the voltage clamp and patch clamp techniques, which... voltage clamp -- voltage clamp technique -- voltage gated channel -- volume hypertension -- voluntary health organization -- This group of political volunteers is working to promote voter turn-out. A volunteer [noun] is a person who performs or offers to perform a service out of his or her own free will, often without payment. The year 2001 was the International Year of the Volunteer. People may volunteer... volunteer -- volunteer health personnel -- volvulosis -- The vomeronasal organ or Jacobsons organ (sometimes misspelled Jacobsens) is an auxiliary olfactory sense organ in some vertebrates, all of which are tetrapods. It is located in the vomer bone, between the nose and the mouth. The sensory neurons within the vomeronasal organ detect distinct chemical compounds, usually... vomeronasal organ -- vomeronasal system -- Vomiting (or emesis) is the forceful expulsion of the contents of ones stomach through the mouth. Although it probably evolved as a mechanism for expelling ingested poisons, it may be due to many causes not related to poisoning, ranging from gastritis to brain tumors. Antiemetics are sometimes necessary to... vomiting -- von Gierke's disease -- Von Hippel Lindau syndrome -- von Recklinghausen's disease -- Von Willebrand factor (vWF, also called Factor VIII-related antigen) is a blood protein of the coagulation system. It is defective in von Willebrand disease and is involved in a large number of other diseases, including thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, Heydes syndrome, and possibly hemolytic-uremic syndrome. Biochemistry Synthesis vWF... von Willebrand factor -- von Willebrand's disease -- In Norse Mythology Vor is a goddess of the Aesir. Snorri Sturluson tells that she is wise and alert, and that she misses nothing. In Lois McMaster Bujolds science fiction novels, the Vor are the noble families of the planet Barrayar. Vor is a prefix applied to the family... VOR -- voucher -- VP 16 (drug) -- VP 16 (virus protein) -- VPF -- VSV (vesicular stomatitis virus) -- vulva neoplasm -- vulval cancer -- vulval neoplasm -- Von Willebrand factor (vWF, also called Factor VIII-related antigen) is a blood protein of the coagulation system. It is defective in von Willebrand disease and is involved in a large number of other diseases, including thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura, Heydes syndrome, and possibly hemolytic-uremic syndrome. Biochemistry Synthesis vWF... VWF -- VX 478 --

W

Waardenburg anophthalmia syndrome -- Waardenburg syndrome is an inherited disorder associated with hearing loss and changes in skin and hair pigmentation. The syndrome is named for Dutch ophthalmologist Petrus Johannes Waardenburg who first described it. Pigmentation changes may include irises of varying color (heterochromia iridis), or a patch of white or grey hair. Hearing... Waardenburg syndrome -- WAF1 CIP1 -- WAIS (wide area information server) -- wakefulness -- Waldenstrom's disease -- Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia -- For alternate meanings, see Wales (disambiguation) National motto: Cymru am byth (Welsh: Wales for ever) Official languages: English and Welsh Capital: Cardiff First Minister: Rhodri Morgan AM Area  - Total:  - % water: Ranked 3rd UK 20,779 km² xx% Population  - Total (2001):  - Density: Ranked 3rd UK 2,903... Wales -- Walker carcinoma 256 -- Walking is the main form of animal locomotion on land, distinguished from running and crawling. (When executed in shallow water, it is usually described as wading.) The word is derived from the Old English walcan (to roll). Walking is generally distinguished from running in that at most one foot at... walking -- For the Australian national Rugby Union team, nicknamed the Wallabies, see Australia national rugby union team. Red-necked Wallaby A wallaby (sometimes (erroneously?) spelled wallabee) is any of about 30 species of macropod. Essentially, a wallaby is any macropod that isnt considered large enough to be a kangaroo and... wallaby -- Wallal virus -- Wallerian degeneration is a form of degeneration occurring in nerve fibers as a result of their division; - so called from Dr. Waller, who published an account of it in 1850. Wallerian degeneration is distal degeneration of axons and their myelin sheaths secondary to injury to the neuron cell body. Categories... wallerian degeneration -- Binomial name Odobenus rosmarus (Linnaeus, 1758) Subspecies Walruses are large semi-aquatic mammals that live in the cold Arctic seas of the Northern Hemisphere. Two subspecies exist: the Atlantic, Odobenus rosmarus rosmarus, and the Pacific, Odobenus rosmarus divergens. The Pacific walrus is slightly larger, the male weighing up to 4000... walrus -- WAN (wide area network) -- Wangiella dermatitidis -- For other uses of War, see War (disambiguation). War is conflict, between relatively large groups of people, which involves physical force inflicted by the use of weapons. Other terms for war include armed conflict, hostilities, and police action. (See Limitations on war below.) War is contrasted with peace, which is... war -- There are three groups of passerine birds, order Passeriformes, which are called warblers. They are not particularly closely related, but share some characteristics, such as being fairly small, active and insectivorous. The three families concerned are: Old World warblers, family Sylvidae New World warblers, family Parulidae Australian warblers, family Acanthizidae... warbler -- A ward is a department in a hospital or similar such institution. In Australia, Canada, Ireland, the United Kingdom, and the United States, a ward is an electoral area of a borough, city, council, county, district, parish, shire or town (Local Government Area). In Japan, a ward (ku or 区... ward -- Warfarin (also known under the brand name Coumadin®) is an anticoagulant medication that can be administered orally. It is used for the prophylaxis of thrombosis and embolism in many disorders. Its activity has to be monitored by frequent blood testing for the international normalized ratio (INR). In addition to its... warfarin -- warm antibody hemolytic anemia -- Warrego virus -- Wart is also the name of a Nintendo character, see Wart (Nintendo character). A wart is a generally small, rough, cauliflower-like growth, typically on hands and feet. Warts are common and contagious, and are caused by a viral infection with one of the Papilloma virus strains. They typically disappear... wart -- wart virus -- Families See text. A wasp is any insect of the order Hymenoptera and suborder Apocrita that is not a bee, sawfly, or an ant. Less familiar, the suborder Symphyta includes the sawflies and wood wasps, which differ from the Apocrita by having a broad connection between the thorax and abdomen... wasp -- Waste management is literally the process of managing waste materials (normally those produced as a result of human activities). It involves the collection, transport, processing and/or disposal of waste materials. Historically, the aim of waste management has been to prevent or reduce the impact of waste materials on human... waste disposal -- Sewage treatment is the process that removes the majority of the contaminants from waste-water or sewage and produces both a liquid effluent suitable for disposal to the natural environment and a sludge. To be effective, sewage must be conveyed to a treatment plant by appropriate pipes and infrastructure and... waste treatment -- In medical circles, wasting refers to the process by which a debilitating disease causes muscle and fat tissue to waste away. ... wasting -- Watasenia luciferin 2 monooxygenase -- Drinking water This article focuses on water as we experience it every day. The water (molecule) article describes the water chemical and physical properties from a scientific and technical perspective. Water (from Low German or Old Saxon) is an abundant substance on Earth. It exists in many places and forms... water -- A water channel is an experimental tank for studying resistance and propulsion behaviour of ships, submarines, or other sea vessels. In the study of naval architecture (ocean engineering), its general purpose is to allow understanding of the motion behavior of ships in advace. Categories: Stub ... water channel -- Water resources are sources of water that are useful to human beings for drinking, recreation, irrigation, livestock production, industry, etc. Even though 70% of the Earths surface is covered with water, a majority of it is salt water. Only 3% of water on the Earth is fresh water, and... water conservation -- water drinking behavior -- water electrolyte balance therapy -- water environment -- Families Suborder Anomopoda Daphniidae Moinidae Bosminidae Macrothricidae Chydoridae Suborder Ctenopoda Sididae Holopedidae Suborder Onychopoda Polyphemidae Cercopagidae Podonidae Suborder Haplopoda Leptodoridae Daphnia are members of the order Cladocera. They are one of the several small aquatic crustaceans called Water Fleas because they tend to swim by making little jumps. Biology Daphnia... water flea -- water flow -- water microbiology -- Orders Lagenidiales Leptomitales Peronosporales Pythiales Rhipidiales Saprolegniales Sclerosporales Water moulds or Oomycetes are a group of filamentous protists, physically resembling fungi. They are microscopic, absorptive organisms that reproduce both sexually and asexually and are composed of mycelia, or a tube-like vegetative body (all of an organisms mycelia are... water mold -- water organism -- Water pollution has many sources and characteristics. Humans and other organisms produce bodily wastes which enter rivers, lakes, oceans, and other surface waters; in high concentrations these wastes result in bacterial contamination and excessive nutrient loading. Industries discharge a variety of toxic compounds and heavy metals, and industrial process wastewater... water pollution -- water pollution control -- To most people not professionally involved in water quality issues, water is either drinkable (technically potable) or contains potentially harmful or toxic substances. However, the vast majority of surface water on the planet is neither potable nor toxic. This remains true even if we eliminate from consideration the more than... water quality -- water sampling -- water solubility -- water solution -- A water supply system provides water to the locations that need it. This term has several contexts: Municipal water supply system for household and commercial use; Firefighting water supplies; Any water stored for later use. Municipal water supply systems Water is vital to everyday life, and throughout history people have... water supply -- water testing -- water transporter -- See Sewage treatment for the treatment of wastewater. See Water purification for the treatment of water to make it suitable for human consumption. See Industrial water treatment for the treatment of water used in industry, often in closed systems. This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists... water treatment -- wave (radiation) -- Wax has traditionally referred to a substance that is secreted by bees (beeswax) and used by them in constructing their honeycombs. In modern terms, wax is an imprecisely defined term generally understood to be a substance with properties similar to beeswax, namely plastic (malleable) at normal ambient temperatures a melting... wax -- waxy flexibility -- WBC (white blood cell) -- A breastfeeding infant Breastfeeding is the practice of a woman feeding an infant (or sometimes a toddler or a young child) with milk produced from her mammary glands, usually directly from the nipples. Babies have a sucking instinct allowing them to extract the milk. While many mothers choose to breastfeed... weaning -- weanling animal -- Alternate uses: Weasel (disambiguation) Species Mustela africana Mustela altaica Mustela erminea Mustela eversmannii Mustela felipei Mustela frenata Mustela kathiah Mustela lutreola Mustela lutreolina Mustela nigripes Mustela nivalis Mustela nudipes Mustela putorius Mustela sibirica Mustela strigidorsa Mustela vison Weasels are mammals in the genus Mustela of the Mustelidae family. Originally, the... weasel -- Composite satellite image showing the progress of a hurricane weather system approaching the east coast of America Weather comprises all the various phenomena that occur in the atmosphere of a planet. On Earth the regular events include wind, storms, rain, sleet, hail, and snow, which occur in the troposphere or... weather -- WEE virus -- weed pollen -- weed pollen allergy -- Wegener's granulomatosis -- weight control -- weight control agent -- This article or section should be merged with Birth control pill Weight Gain When Taking The Pill When starting to take the birth contol pill some people may expierence slight weight gain. Although this depends entirely on the individual, some people experience no weight gain at all while people who... weight gain -- In the context of physical health, weight loss is the process of losing body weight, usually by losing fat. To achieve healthy weight loss, most experts recommend a combination of healthy eating patterns and regular physical exercise. Some people try to lose weight by using drugs such as fenfluoramine, nicotine... weight loss -- Weils Disease -- Welfare has four main meanings. In general terms, the term welfare refers simply to well-being , the Human condition whereby people are faring well, that is: prosperous, in good health and at peace. In economics, welfare is associated with material benefit or preferred outcomes. Welfare has a specific meaning in... welfare -- welfare (mental health) -- welfare assistance -- well being -- Bupropion (amfebutamone) is an antidepressant of the aminoketone class, chemically unrelated to tricyclics or SSRIs. It is similar in structure to the stimulant cathinone, and to phenethylamines in general. History Bupropion was first synthesized by Burroughs Research in 1966, and patented by Burroughs-Wellcome (later Glaxo-Wellcome) in 1974. It... Wellbutrin -- Wellferon -- Werdnig Hoffmann disease -- Werdnig Hoffmann paralysis -- Wermer syndrome -- Werner syndrome is a very rare, autosomal recessive disorder whose most recognizable characteristic is premature aging. For this reason, Werner syndrome is often referred to as a progeroid syndrome, as it partly mimics the symptoms of Progeria. Individuals with Werner syndrome age rapidly following puberty, so that by the time... Werner's syndrome -- Wernicke Korsakoff syndrome -- The Caribbean or the West Indies is a group of islands in the Caribbean Sea. These islands curve southward from the bottom tip of Florida to the Northwest of Venezuela in South America. There are at least 7000 islands, islets, reefs and cayes in the region. They are organized into... West Indies -- This article or section should be merged with Papua (Indonesian province) Map showing West New Guinea region The region of West New Guinea is the western half of the island of New Guinea or Papua, and has also been known as Irian Jaya or West Papua. A part of Indonesia... West New Guinea -- West Nile virus is a newly emergent virus of the family Flaviviridae, found in both tropical and temperate regions. It mainly infects birds, but is also the cause of a number of conditions in humans, horses, and some other mammals. It is transmitted by bites of infected mosquitoes. Photographs from... West Nile virus -- western blotting -- western equine encephalitis -- western equine encephalitis virus -- western equine encephalomyelitis -- western equine encephalomyelitis virus -- Westphal pseudosclerosis -- Westphal Strumpell disease -- wet brain -- wet lung -- wet scrubber -- Whales are the largest species of exclusively aquatic placental mammals, members of the order Cetacea, which also includes dolphins and porpoises. They are the largest mammals, the largest vertebrates, and the largest known animals in the world. The term whale is ambiguous: it can refer to all cetaceans, to just... whale -- Whataroa virus -- wheal -- Species T. monococcum T. spelta References:   ITIS 42236 2002-09-22 Wheat (Triticum spp) is a grass that is cultivated around the world. Globally, it is the second-largest cereal crop, tied with maize; the third being rice. Wheat grain is a staple food used to make flour... wheat -- Wheelchair seating A wheelchair is a device used for mobility by people for whom walking is difficult or impossible, due to illness or disability. It typically consists of a seat supported on two large wheels on an axle attached towards the back of the seat and two small wheels near... wheelchair -- Alternate meanings: Whiplash (game) is a video game. Whiplash is the result of impulsive stretching of the spine, often the result of a rear-end collision between cars or trucks. The Quebec Task Force on Whiplash-Associated Disorders defined whiplash as follows: Whiplash is an acceleration-deceleration mechanism of energy... whiplash -- Whipples disease is a rare disease caused by the bacteria Thropheryma whipplei. It is characterised by arthritis, malabsorption, and a number of other symptoms, most notably intestinal lipodystrophy (accumulation of fatty deposits in lymph nodes of the intestine). It was first described by George Hoyt Whipple in 1907: Categories... Whipple's disease -- There are several kinds of whisker: For a hair, significant for sensing the surroundings, on the face of a mammal, see vibrissa. For a hair on a mans face, often called a whisker, see facial hair. For a hair-shaped protrusion from a metals surface, stronger than is... whiskers -- white adipose tissue -- white American -- Arterial hypertension, or high blood pressure is a medical condition where the blood pressure is chronically elevated. Persistent hypertension is one of the risk factors for strokes, heart attacks and heart failure, and is a leading cause of chronic renal failure. Definition Blood pressure is a continuous variable, and risks... white coat hypertension -- white footed mouse -- White matter is one of two categories of tissue in the nervous system. It forms the deep parts of the brain and the superficial parts of the spinal cord. It is composed of nerve cells processes (axons and dendrites) that connect various parts of the brain to each other and... white matter -- white muscle disease -- The term Caucasian race has in time acquired somewhat different meanings in different contexts. It is popularly used in North America to describe whites of northern, eastern and western European descent, usually excluding southern Europeans (often called Latins) and peoples of Asian, African, Slavic, Semitic, and Turkish origin. In North... white race -- white rot fungus -- Who can refer to: WHO, World Health Organization The Who, a British rock band The Guess Who, a Canadian rock band who (pronoun), an English language interrogative pronoun. who, a Unix command that shows IDs of the users logged-into a network A short lived 19th century British Conservative Government... WHO -- whole body blood replacement -- whole body imaging -- whole body irradiation dosage -- whole body irradiation effect -- whole body radionuclide scanning -- whole body scanning -- Pertussis, also known as whooping cough, is a highly contagious disease that is one of the leading causes of vaccine-preventable deaths. There are 30-50 million cases per year, and about 300,000 deaths per year. Virtually all deaths occur in children under age 1 year. 90% of all... whooping cough -- WI 38 cell -- widowhood -- Marriage is a relationship that plays a key role in the definition of many families. Precise definitions vary historically and between and within cultures, but it has been an important concept as a socially sanctioned bond between people who (usually) are in a sexual relationship. Globally, societies that sanction polygyny... wife -- Wild, in zoology or botany, is a rough if problematic antonym to domesticated: see wildlife. A wild animal is an animal that is not a domesticated animal — the common usage includes feral animals. A wildflower is, roughly speaking, a plant not of a garden variety. The Wild, in the... wild animal -- wild bird -- Williams Barratt syndrome -- Williams Beuren syndrome -- Williams syndrome (Williams-Beuren syndrome) is a rare genetic disorder, occurring in fewer than 1 in every 20,000 live births. It is characterized by a distinctive, elfin facial appearance, an unusually cheerful demeanor, ease with strangers, mental retardation coupled with an unusual facility with language, a love for music... Williams syndrome -- Wilms' tumor -- Wilson Mikity syndrome -- Wilson's disease -- The trachea (IPA treik-i-a), or windpipe, is a tube extending from the larynx to the bronchi in mammals, and from the pharynx to the syrinx in birds, carrying air to the lungs. It is lined with ciliated cells which push particles out and reinforced with cartilage rings... windpipe -- This article is about the beverage. See WINE for an article about the software of the same name. Wine is an alcoholic beverage resulting from the fermentation of grapes or grape juice. The word comes from Greek Fοινος through Latin vinum, (both wine and the... wine -- wireless biomedical equipment -- Wisdom teeth are third molars that usually appear between the ages of 18 and 20 (although they may appear when older, or fail to appear at all). They are called wisdom teeth because they appear so late—much later than the other teeth, at an age where people are... wisdom tooth -- Wiskott Aldrich syndrome -- Wiskott syndrome -- A witch doctor often refers to healers in primitive regions of the world or highly developed ones that believe in the healing power of magic as opposed to science or developed medicine. The term witch doctor is generally used with negative connotations. It often is used to imply that the... witch doctor -- Binomial name Canis lupus Linnaeus, 1758 The Wolf or Grey Wolf (Canis lupus) is a mammal of the Canidae family and the ancestor of the domestic dog. Wolves once had an almost worldwide distribution, but are now limited primarily to North America, Eurasia, and the Middle East. Their preference on... wolf -- Wolff Parkinson White syndrome -- Wolfram syndrome, also called DIDMOAD (Diabetes Insipidus, Diabetes Mellitus, Optic Atrophy, and Deafness), is a rare genetic disorder, causing diabetes mellitus, optic atrophy, and deafness. It was first diagnosed in 1938 by a physician named Wolfram in four siblings. The disease affects both the brain (especially the brain stem) and... Wolfram syndrome -- Wolinella -- Wolman xanthomatosis -- Wolman's disease -- woman health professional -- Female internal reproductive anatomy The uterus or womb is the major female reproductive organ of most mammals, including humans. One end called the cervix, opens into the vagina, and the wider end, called the body of uterus, is connected on both sides with the Fallopian tubes. It comes in a... womb -- women's health -- Feminism is a body of social theory and political movement primarily based on and motivated by the experiences of women. While generally providing a critique of social relations, many proponents of feminism also focus on analyzing gender inequality and the promotion of womens rights, interests, and issues. Feminist theory... women's rights -- women's rights group -- This article is about the mammal. The name Woodchuck is also used for a Woodpecker. Binomial name Marmota monax (Linnaeus, 1758) The Woodchuck (Marmota monax), also called Groundhog or Whistle Pig, is a rodent of the family Sciuridae, belonging to the group of large ground squirrels known as marmots. Most... woodchuck -- woodchuck hepatitis B virus -- Woods may refer to: woodland or forest types of wood a category of golf clubs Various notable people have the surname Woods: Don Woods, computer programmer George David Woods, USA banker and World Bank President George Lemuel Woods, USA Oregon State and Utah Territory governor James Woods, actor Jermaine Woods... woods -- Species Lagothrix lagotricha Lagothrix cana Lagothrix lugens Lagothrix poeppigii The woolly monkeys are the genus Lagothrix of New World monkeys, usually placed in the family Atelidae. There are four species of woolly monkey. All originate from the rainforests of South America. They have a prehensile tail and live in relatively... woolly monkey -- woolly monkey sarcoma virus -- In physics, work is the energy transferred in applying force over a distance. Commonly, work is effort expended by people in employment or a career. In the fine arts, a work is a creation, such as a song or a painting. This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid... work -- work environment -- Workplace means a place (whether or not within or forming part of a building, structure, or vehicle) where any person is to work, is working, for the time being works, or customarily works, for gain or reward; and in relation to an employee, includes a place, or part of a... work place -- work setting -- work site -- In cognitive psychology, working memory is the collection of structures and processes within the brain used for temporarily storing and manipulating information (although the manipulation of working memory contents is increasingly being seen as attributable to executive function). Working memory consists of both memory for items which are currently being... working memory -- workmen's compensation -- A workshop is a room or smaller building which contains tools and/or machinery for making or repairing things. Apart from the larger manufactories, workshops were the only places of production in the days before industrialisation. A workshop is also a gathering, usually several days in length, which emphasizes problem... workshop -- For other meanings of the acronym WHO, see WHO (disambiguation) WHO flag Headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland, the World Health Organization (WHO) is an agency of the United Nations, acting as a coordinating authority on international public health. WHO was established by the UN on April 7, 1948. The current Director... World Health Organization -- World Trade Center disaster -- Graphic representation of the world wide web around Wikipedia The World Wide Web (WWW, or simply Web) is an information space in which the items of interest, referred to as resources, are identified by global identifiers called Uniform Resource Identifiers (URI). Basic terms Hypertext is viewed using a program called... world wide web -- wortmannin -- A wound is a physical trauma where the skin is torn, cut or punctured. Exposed to air, there is not only a significant chance of death due to loss of blood, but increased chance of bacteria entering the wound or an infection. A person suffering from a significant wound may... wound -- wound cleaning -- wound healing -- wound infection -- wound tumor virus -- In human anatomy, the wrist is the flexible and narrower connection between the forearm and the hand. The wrist-joint (Articulatio Radiocarpea) is a condyloid articulation. The parts forming it are the lower end of the radius and under surface of the articular disk above; and the navicular, lunate, and... wrist -- WRSV virus -- Species The wrynecks are a small but distinctive group of small Old World woodpeckers. Like the true woodpeckers, wrynecks have large heads, long tongues which they use to extract their insect prey and zygodactyl feet, with two toes pointing forward, and two backwards. However, they lack the stiff tail feathers... wryneck -- WT1 protein -- Wuchereria -- Graphic representation of the world wide web around Wikipedia The World Wide Web (WWW, or simply Web) is an information space in which the items of interest, referred to as resources, are identified by global identifiers called Uniform Resource Identifiers (URI). Basic terms Hypertext is viewed using a program called... WWW -- WWW (world wide web) --

X

The human X chromosome, is is one of the two chromosomes involved in the XY sex-determination system. The X chromosome carries hundreds of genes but few, if any, of these have anything to do directly with sex determination. Categories: Genetics | Biology stubs ... X chromosome -- X inherited trait -- X linked hypophosphatemia in rickets -- In the NATO phonetic alphabet, X-ray represents the letter X. An X-ray picture (radiograph) taken by R ntgen An X-ray is a form of electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength approximately in the range of 5 pm to 10 nanometers (corresponding to frequencies in the range 30 PHz... X ray -- X ray crystallography -- X ray diffraction analysis -- X ray emission spectrometry -- X ray emission spectroscopy -- X ray fluorescent probe -- X ray microscopy -- X ray spectrometry -- X ray spectroscopy -- X ray visualization -- Alprazolam, is an anxiolytic benzodiazepine used to treat anxiety disorders. It is sold under several brand names such as Xanax, Xanor and Tafil. Alprazolam has a calming effect, with potential side effects of drowsiness, clumsiness, fatigue, and headache. The drug can also have more severe side effects, such as blurred... Xanax -- xanthelasmatosis -- xanthene -- Xanthines are a group of alkaloids that are commonly used for their effects as mild stimulants and as bronchodilators, notably in treating the symptoms of asthma. They include caffeine, theophylline, theobromine (found mainly in chocolate), and mateine. The core compound, xanthine, is a product on the pathway of purine degradation... xanthine -- xanthine analog -- xanthine dehydrogenase -- Categories: Biochemistry stubs | EC 1.1.3 ... xanthine oxidase -- xanthine oxidase inhibitor -- xanthoma tuberosum multiplex -- xanthomatosis -- xanthomatous reticuloendotheliosis -- Xanthomonas -- Xanthomonas maltophilia -- xanthone -- A xenobiotic is a chemical which is found in an organism but which is not normally produced or expected to be present in it. It can also cover substances which are present in much higher concentrations than are usual. For example, drugs such as antibiotics are human xenobiotics because the... xenobiotic -- xenobiotic monooxygenase -- A xenograft (xenotransplant) is a transplant of tissue from a donor of one species to a recipient of another species. The terms heterograft and heterotransplant are also sometimes used, while the term homograft refers to a same-species transplant. Cross-species transplants are more likely to produce host-vs-graft... xenograft -- General Name, Symbol, Number xenon, Xe, 54 Chemical series Noble gases Group, Period, Block 18 (VIIIA), 5, p Density, Hardness 5.9 kg/m3(273 K), NA Appearance colorless Atomic properties Atomic weight 131.293 amu Atomic radius (calc.) no data (108) pm Covalent radius 130 pm van der Waals... xenon -- Species Xenopus amieti (volcano clawed frog) Xenopus andrei (Andres clawed frog) Xenopus borealis (Kenyan clawed frog) Xenopus boumbaensis (Mawa clawed frog) Xenopus clivii (Eritrea clawed frog) Xenopus fraseri (Frasers clawed frog) Xenopus gilli (Cape clawed frog) Xenopus laevis (African clawed frog) Xenopus largeni Xenopus longipes (savannah clawed frog... Xenopus -- Xenopus oocyte -- Xeroderma pigmentosum is a genetic disorder of DNA repair which leads to multiple basaliomas and other skin malignancies at a young age. Very severe cases avoid all sunlight. There are eight types. You can learn more about Xeroderma Pigmentosum from The XP Society, a 501(c)(3) not-for-profit... xeroderma pigmentosum -- xerodermosteosis -- Xerography (or Electrophotography) is a photocopying technique developed by Chester Carlson (Born Feb 8 1906 - Died Sep 19 1968) in 1938 and patented on October 6, 1942. (Patent Number(s) 2,297,691). The Xerographic Process Making a copy follows a set sequence of events involving the same components. Step... xerography -- xeroma -- xerophthalmia -- xerophthalmus -- xeroradiography -- Xerostomia is a medical term for dry mouth. Although it can be a sign of disease, it is not always; other causes for lack of saliva include side effects of drugs or medications, trauma to the salivary glands or their ducts or nerves, or previous radiation therapy. Xerostomia can cause... xerostomia -- xerotic keratitis -- Xiphen -- XO syndrome -- XomaZyme -- XXY karyotype Klinefelters syndrome is a condition caused by a chromosome abnormality in males (specifically, a nondisjunction); sufferers have a pair of X sex chromosomes instead of just one. Human males usually have an XY karyotype. The XXY chromosome arrangement is one of the most common genetic abnormalities, occurring... XXY syndrome -- XXY trisomy -- XY-H65 -- Xylose is an aldopentose - a simple sugar containing five carbon atoms, and including an aldehyde functional group. It is found in the embryos of most edible plants. It is said (on little evidence) to be one of eight sugars which are essential for human nutrition. The others are Galactose, Glucose... xylose -- XYY, or XYY syndrome, is a trisomy of the sex chromosomes in which a human male receives an extra Y chromosome in each cell, hence having a karyotype of 47,XYY. Effects Physical traits XYY syndrome typically causes no unusual physical features or medical problems. Persons with this syndrome may... XYY syndrome -- XYY trisomy --

Y

The human Y chromosome is one of two sex chromosomes, it contains the genes that cause testis development, thus determining maleness. External link Nature:foucs on the Y chomosome Categories: Genetics | Biology stubs ... Y chromosome -- Y inherited trait -- Y protein -- Methamphetamine is a synthetic stimulant drug which induces a strong feeling of euphoria and is highly addictive. Pure methamphetamine is a colorless crystalline solid, sold on the streets as glass, ice, or crystal. It is also sold as less pure crystalline powder termed crank or speed. Methamphetamine was first synthesized... yaba -- Yaba monkey tumor virus -- Yaba virus -- A yeast artificial chromosome (short YAC) is a vector used to clone large DNA fragments (up to 400 kb). It is an artificially constructed chromosome and contains the telomeric, centromeric, and replication origin sequences needed for replication in yeast cells. See also : plasmid, cosmid Categories: Molecular biology | Biology stubs... YAC -- Yatapoxvirus -- Yaws (also Frambesia tropica, thymosis, polypapilloma tropicum or pian) is a tropical infection of the skin, bones and joints caused by the spirochete bacterium Treponema pertenue. Other treponematosis diseases are pinta (Treponema carateum) and syphilis (Treponema pallidum). The disease is transmitted by skin contact with infected individuals, the spirochete entering... yaws -- yearning -- Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a yeast used in both baking and brewing. Yeast is a group of single Celled fungi a few species of which are commonly used to leaven bread and ferment alcoholic beverages. Most yeasts belong to the division Ascomycota. A few yeasts, such as Candida albicans can cause... yeast -- A yeast artificial chromosome (short YAC) is a vector used to clone large DNA fragments (up to 400 kb). It is an artificially constructed chromosome and contains the telomeric, centromeric, and replication origin sequences needed for replication in yeast cells. See also : plasmid, cosmid Categories: Molecular biology | Biology stubs... yeast artificial chromosome -- yeast genetics -- yeast protein -- yeast ribonuclease -- yeast two hybrid interaction screening -- yeast two hybrid system -- yellow adipose tissue -- yellow algae -- yellow cross liquid -- Yellow fever (also called black vomit or sometimes The American Plague) is an acute viral disease. It is still an important cause of hemorrhage illness in several African and South American countries despite existence of an effective vaccine. In the past it was a source of several devastating epidemics. The... yellow fever -- yellow fever vaccine -- Yellow fever (also called black vomit or sometimes The American Plague) is an acute viral disease. It is still an important cause of hemorrhage illness in several African and South American countries despite existence of an effective vaccine. In the past it was a source of several devastating epidemics. The... yellow fever virus -- Species Y. pestis etc. Yersinia is a genus of bacteria in the family Enterobacteriaceae. Some members of Yersinia are pathogenic in humans. Categories: Bacteria stubs | Enterobacteria ... Yersinia -- Yersinia enterocolitica -- Yersinia pestis under fluorescent staining, 2000x. Source: CDC Yersinia pestis is a species of rod-shaped bacterium, belonging to the family Enterobacteriaceae. It is the infectious agent of bubonic plague, and can also cause pneumonic plague and septicemic plague. All forms have been responsible for enormous mortality in many fearsome... Yersinia pestis -- Yersinia pestis disease -- Yersinia pseudotuberculosis -- Species Taxus baccata - European Yew Taxus brevifolia - Pacific Yew Taxus canadensis - Canadian Yew Taxus chinensis - Chinese Yew Taxus cuspidata - Japanese Yew Taxus floridana - Florida Yew Taxus globosa - Mexican Yew Taxus sumatrana - Sumatran Yew Taxus wallichiana - Himalayan Yew Yews are small coniferous trees or shrubs in the genus Taxus in the... yew -- A ylide is a neutral molecule with positive and negative charges on adjacent atoms. The most common ylides are used in the Wittig reaction for double bond synthesis from carbonyl groups (C=O). The positive charge is carried by a phosphorus atom with three phenyl substituents and one bond to... ylide -- Hatha Yoga posture Yôga, meaning union or yoking in Sanskrit, is the primary focus of Hinduisms diverse darshans or points of view. Yôga is a science of the body, the mind, the consciousness and the soul. Yôga is a teaching of wisdom and knowledge which has... yoga -- Yohimbine is the principal alkaloid of the bark of the West-African tree Pausinystalia yohimbe Pierre (formerly Corynanthe yohimbe), family Rubiaceae (Madder family). There are 31 other yohimbane alkaloids found in Yohimbe. Yohimbine is also known under the synonyms yohimbin, johimbine, yohimbinum, quebrachin, aphrodin, corynine, yohimvetol, and hydroergotocin. Pharmacology Yohimbine... yohimbine -- The yolk sac is the first element seen in the gestational sac during pregnancy, usually at 5 weeks gestation. It is a critical landmark, identifying a true gestation sac. It is quite echogenic (light) to ultrasound, and reliably seen early. Categories: Substubs ... yolk sac -- young adult human (21-34) -- young animal -- Mustard gas (HD) is a chemical compound that was first used as a chemical weapon in World War I. In pure form, it is a colourless, odourless, viscous liquid at room temperature and causes blistering of the skin. The name comes from impure mustard gas, which is usually yellow-brown... yperite -- General Name, Symbol, Number Ytterbium, Yb, 70 Chemical series Lanthanides Group, Period, Block NA, 6, f Density, Hardness 6570 kg/m3, ND Appearance silvery white Atomic properties Atomic weight 173.04 u Atomic radius (calc.) 175 (222) pm Covalent radius ND pm van der Waals radius ND pm Electron configuration... ytterbium -- General Name, Symbol, Number Yttrium, Y, 39 Chemical series transition metals Group, Period, Block 3 (IIIB), 5, d Density, Hardness 4472 kg/m3, __ Appearance Silvery white Atomic Properties Atomic weight 88.90585 amu Atomic radius (calc.) 180 (212) pm Covalent radius 162 pm van der Waals radius no data... yttrium -- Yug Bogdanovac virus -- Yugoslavia (Jugoslavija in all south Slavic languages) is a term used for three separate but successive political entities that existed during most of the 20th century on the Balkan Peninsula in Europe. Translated, the name means Land of the South Slavs (jug in Jugoslavija means south). The first was a... Yugoslavia -- YY syndrome --

Z

Z-DNA is a form of DNA in which the double helix winds to the left in a zig-zag pattern (instead of to the right, like the more common B-DNA form). Z-DNA was discovered in 1979 by Alexander Rich and colleagues at MIT. A algorithm for predicting... Z DNA -- Z protein -- Zaire was the name of the Second Republic of Democratic Republic of the Congo between 1971 and 1997. Although it came into use in 1971, the name Zaire is often still used for the portion of the Congo controlled by Mobutu since 1965. This article addresses this subsequent usage. In... Zaire -- Zalcitabine (2-3-dideoxycytidine, ddC), is a derivative of the naturally existing deoxycytidine, made by replacing the hydroxyl group in position 3 with a hydrogen. It is phosphorylated in the T cell into its active triphosphate form, ddCTP. This active metabolite works as a substrate for the reverse transcriptase, and... zalcitabine -- ZDV -- species ssp. huehuetenangensis ssp. mays ssp. mexicana ssp. parviglumis The teosintes make up a group of large grasses of the genus Zea found in Mexico, Guatemala and Nicaragua. There are five recognized species of teosinte: Zea diploperennis, Zea perennis, Zea luxurians, Zea nicaraguensis and Zea mays. The last species is... Zea mays -- Binomial name Taeniopygia guttata (Vieillot, 1817) The Zebra Finch (Taeniopygia guttata) is the most common and familiar estrildid finch of Central Australia and ranges over most of the continent, avoiding only the cool moist south and the tropical far north. Zebra finches inhabit open steppes with scattered bushes and trees... zebra finch -- The name zebrafish applies to several different kinds of fish with striped bodies considered to resemble a zebra: Brachydanio rerio, also called Danio rerio or the Zebra Danio, is a commonly used model organism in studies of biological development. Pterois volitans, also called the Lionfish or Dragonfish. This is a... zebrafish -- Zellweger syndrome is a rare, congenital disorder (present at birth), characterized by the reduction or absence of peroxisomes (cell structures that rid the body of toxic substances) in the cells of the liver, kidneys, and brain. Zellweger syndrome is one of a group of genetic disorders called peroxisomal diseases that... Zellweger syndrome -- zerit -- The zeta potential in physical chemistry is measured by electrophoresis. It gives the value of the potential (in mV) of a colloid in a suspension at the boundary between the Stern layer and the diffuse layer. Categories: Stub | Physical chemistry ... zeta potential -- Zidovudine (INN) or azidothymidine (abbreviated to AZT) is an antiretroviral drug, the first antiviral treatment to be approved for use against HIV. It is also sold under the names Retrovir and Retrovis, and as an ingredient in Combivir and Trizivir. History AZT was originally developed to treat cancer, at a... zidovudine -- Ziehen Oppenheim disease -- ZIFT -- General Name, Symbol, Number zinc, Zn, 30 Chemical series transition metals Group, Period, Block 12, 4, d Density, Hardness 7140 kg/m3, 2.5 Appearance blueish pale grey Atomic properties Atomic weight 65.409 amu Atomic radius (calc.) 135 (142) pm Covalent radius 131 pm van der Waals radius 139... zinc -- A zinc finger is part of a protein that can bind to DNA. Zinc finger domains typically consist of two β sheets, each carrying a cysteine residue, and an α helix carrying two histidine residues. The cysteine and histidine residues bind a zinc atom. Many transcription factors (such as Zif268... zinc finger -- zinostatin -- Ziprasidone (Geodon®) was the fifth atypical antipsychotic to gain FDA approval. Ziprasidone is FDA approved for the treatment of schizophrenia, and the intramuscular injection form of Ziprasidone is approved for acute agitation in schizophrenic patients. Unlabeled uses include treatment of bipolar disorder. Chemistry Ziprasidone is 5-[2-[4-(1,2... ziprasidone -- General Name, Symbol, Number Zirconium, Zr, 40 Chemical series transition metals Group, Period, Block 4, 5, d Density, Hardness 6511 kg/m3, 5 Appearance Silvery white Atomic properties Atomic weight 91.224 amu Atomic radius (calc.) 155 (206) pm Covalent radius 148 pm van der Waals radius no data Electron... zirconium -- Azithromycin is the first macrolide antibiotic belonging to the azalide group. Azithromycin is derived from erythromycin by adding a nitrogen atom into the lactone ring of erythromycin A, thus making lactone ring 15-membered. Azithromycin is sold under the brand name of Zithromax and Sumamed, and is one of the... Zithromax -- In pharmacology, simvastatin (Zocor®, Zocor Heart Pro®, marketed by the pharmaceutical company Merck & Co.) is the main drug from the class of statins. It is used to control hypercholesterolemia (elevated cholesterol levels) and to prevent cardiovascular disease. Uses Simvastatin is a powerful lipid-lowering drug that can decrease low... zocor -- Zofran -- Zollinger-Ellison syndrome is a disorder where increased levels of the hormone gastrin are produced, causing the stomach to produce excess hydrochloric acid. Often, the cause is a tumour of the pancreas producing the hormone gastrin. As these tumors are benign, they are only removed if the disease cannot be... Zollinger Ellison syndrome -- Sertraline hydrochloride (Zoloft®, Lustral®, Apo-Sertral®, Asentra®, Gladem®, Serlift®, Stimuloton®) is an orally administered antidepressant of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) type. Sertraline is used medically mainly to treat the symptoms of depression. Sertraline is manufactured by Pfizer as small green 25 mg tablets, blue 50 mg tablets, or... Zoloft -- zona drilling -- The zona pellucida is a glycoprotein matrix surrounding the plasma membrane of a mammalian oocyte. This structure binds spermatozoa, and is required to initiate the acrosome reaction. The zona glycoprotein, ZP3, is responsible for sperm binding, adhering to proteins on the sperm plasma membrane. There is evidence that ZP3 is... zona pellucida -- zona pellucida glycoprotein -- zonal electrophoresis -- Zoogloea -- Zoonosis is any infectious disease that can be transmitted from animals, both wild and domestic, to humans. The word is derived from Greek words zoon (animal) and nosos (disease). Many serious diseases fall under this category. The emerging interdisciplinary field of conservation medicine, which integrates human and veterinary medicine, and... zoonosis -- Photomontage of plankton organisms Plankton is the aggregate community of weakly swimming but mostly drifting small organisms that inhabit the water column of the ocean, seas, and bodies of freshwater. The name comes from the Greek term, —meaning wanderer or drifter. While some forms of plankton can move several... zooplankton -- Animal communication is any behaviour on the part of one animal that has an effect on the current or future behaviour of another animal. The study of animal communication, called zoosemiotics (distinguishable as anthroposemiotics, the study of human communication) has played an important part in the development of ethology, sociobiology... zoosemiotics -- ... zovirax -- zoxazolamine -- ZP1 -- ZP2 -- ZP3 -- Zucker rat -- Zulex -- The zygomatic bone (also known as the zygoma; Os Zygomaticum; Malar Bone) is a paired bone of the human skull. It articulates with the maxilla, the temporal bone, the sphenoid bone and the frontal bone. It forms part of the orbit and is commonly referred to as the cheekbone. It... zygomatic arch -- Zygomycota, or zygote fungi, are a division of fungi. The name of the division comes from zygosporangia, resistant structures formed during sexual reproduction. There are approximately 600 species of zygomycetes known. They are mostly terrestrial in habitat, living in soil or on decaying plant or animal material. A group of... Zygomycetes -- zygote intrafallopian transfer -- A zymogen is an inactive enzyme pre-cursor. A zymogen requires a biochemical change, such as a hydrolysis reaction revealing the active site, for it to become an active enzyme. Examples of zymogens are the pancreatic trypsinogen which becomes trypsin and chymotrypsinogen which becomes chymotrypsin. The proteasome is also a... zymogen -- zymosan -- zyxin --

See also

• This is a list of terms used in biological and medical research. Source: public domain CRISP Thesaurus maintained by the Office of Extramural Research at the National Institutes of Health [1]. A A 2371 -- A kinase anchoring protein -- AAF -- abacavir -- abalone -- ABC test -- ABC transporter -- abdomen -- abdomen neoplasm -- abdominal cancer... List of biomedical topics, A to E
• This is a list of terms used in biological and medical research. Source: public domain CRISP Thesaurus maintained by the Office of Extramural Research at the National Institutes of Health [1]. F F Ara A -- F factor -- F- ion -- F1 hybrid disease -- F18 isotope -- F19 isotope -- Fab domain -- Fab fragment... List of biomedical topics, F to J
• This is a list of terms used in biological and medical research. Source: public domain CRISP Thesaurus maintained by the Office of Extramural Research at the National Institutes of Health [1]. K K cell -- [[K+ ion]] -- Kabners disease -- kainate -- kainate receptor -- kallidin 9 -- kallidin I -- kallidin II -- kallikrein -- kallikrein... List of biomedical topics, K to O
• This is a list of terms used in biological and medical research. Source: public domain CRISP Thesaurus maintained by the Office of Extramural Research at the National Institutes of Health [1]. P p aminobenzoate -- p aminohippurate -- p aminosalicylate -- p chlorophenylalanine -- P glycoprotein -- P selectin -- P0 protein (myelin) -- p107 protein -- p150... List of biomedical topics, P to T