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This page aims to list articles on Wikipedia that describe particular biomolecules or types of biomolecules. A representation of the 3D structure of myoglobin, showing coloured alpha helices. ...
This list is not necessarily complete or up to date - if you see an article that should be here but isn't (or one that shouldn't be here but is), please update the page accordingly.
See also: Chemical compound, Organic compound, biochemistry. A chemical compound is a chemical substance formed from two or more elements, with a fixed ratio determining the composition. ...
An organic compound is any member of a large class of chemical compounds whose molecules contain carbon, with exception of carbides, carbonates, carbon oxides and gases containing carbon. ...
Biochemistry the chemistry of life, a bridge between biology and chemistry that studies how complex chemical reactions give rise to life. ...
Similar lists: List of compounds, List of organic compounds, List of proteins The original list from this page has been split into the following three lists, as the number of compounds became too long. ...
This page aims to list well-known organic compounds, including organometallic compounds, to stimulate the creation of Wikipedia articles. ...
A list of proteins (and protein complexes). ...
A
For substances with an A- or α- prefix such as α-amylase, please see the parent page (in this case Amylase). A-amylase is a digestive enzyme that breaks down carbohydrates. ...
α-Amylase Amylase (EC 3. ...
Abamectin is a mixture of avermectins containing more than 80% avermectin B1a and less than 20% avermectin B1b . ...
Also known as: abietinic acid, sylvic acid, 13-isopropylpodocarpa-7,13-dien-15-oic acid Molecular formula: C19H29COOH CAS No: 514_10_3 EINECS No: 208_173_3 The ester is called an abietate. ...
Flash point 43 °C R-phrases , S-phrases , , , US Permissible exposure limit (PEL) 10 ppm Supplementary data page Structure & properties n, εr, etc. ...
The chemical compound acetylcholine, often abbreviated as ACh, was the first neurotransmitter to be identified. ...
The chemical structure of adenosine Adenosine is a nucleoside comprised of adenine attached to a ribose (ribofuranose) moiety via a β-N9-glycosidic bond. ...
Adenosine diphosphate, abbreviated ADP, is a nucleotide. ...
Adenosine monophosphate, also known as 5-adenylic acid and abbreviated AMP, is a nucleotide that is found in RNA. It is an ester of phosphoric acid with the nucleoside adenosine. ...
Adenosine 5-triphosphate (ATP) is the nucleotide known in biochemistry as the molecular currency of intracellular energy transfer; that is, ATP is able to store and transport chemical energy within cells. ...
Adenylate cyclase (EC 4. ...
Ribitol or Adonitol is a crystalline pentose alcohol (C5H12O5) formed by the reduction of ribose. ...
Epinephrine (INN) or adrenaline (BAN) is a hormone and a neurotransmitter. ...
Epinephrine (INN) or adrenaline (BAN) is a hormone and a neurotransmitter of molecular weight 183. ...
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH or corticotropin) is a polypeptide hormone synthesised and secreted from corticotropes in the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland in response to the hormone corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) released by the hypothalamus. ...
Aequorin ribbon diagram from PDB database Aequorin is a photoprotein isolated from luminescent jellyfish (like various Aequorea species e. ...
Chemical structure of Aflatoxin B1 Aflatoxins are naturally occurring mycotoxins that are produced by many species of Aspergillus; but most notably Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus. ...
Agar is a galactose polymer (or agarose) obtained from the cell walls of some species of red algae or seaweed (Sphaerococcus euchema) and species of Gelidium, chiefly from eastern Asia and California. ...
Alanine is one of the 20 most common natural amino acids. ...
You may be looking for albumen, or egg white. ...
Aldosterone is a steroid hormone synthesized from cholesterol by the enzyme aldosterone synthase. ...
Aleurone (from Greek aleuron, flour) is a protein found in the endosperm of many seeds. ...
The structure of alpha-amanitin alpha-Amanitin or α-amanitin is a cyclic nonribosomal peptide of eight amino acids. ...
Allantoin is a botanical extract of the comfrey plant and is used for its healing, soothing, and anti-irritating properties. ...
The structure of alpha-amanitin alpha-Amanitin or α-amanitin is a cyclic nonribosomal peptide of eight amino acids. ...
In chemistry, an amino acid is any molecule that contains both amino and carboxylic acid functional groups. ...
Seven-time Mr. ...
Anethole Anethole (or trans-anethole) is an aromatic compound that accounts for the distinctive licorice flavor of anise, fennel, and star anise. ...
Angiotensinogen, angiotensin I and angiotensin II are peptides involved in maintenance of blood volume and pressure. ...
α-Amylase Amylase (EC 3. ...
A-amylase is a digestive enzyme that breaks down carbohydrates. ...
Angiotensinogen, angiotensin I and angiotensin II are peptides involved in maintenance of blood volume and pressure. ...
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH), or arginine vasopressin (AVP), is a peptide hormone produced by the hypothalamus, and stored in the posterior part of the pituitary gland. ...
Fischer projection of L-arabinose Arabinose is a sugar, one of the pentose series of carbohydrates. ...
Arginine is one of the 20 most common natural amino acids. ...
This article deals with the molecule ascorbic acid in General, for the nutrient see Vitamin C Ascorbic acid is an organic acid with antioxidant properties. ...
Vitamin C is a water-soluble nutrient essential for life, used by the human body for many purposes. ...
Asparagine is one of the 20 most common natural amino acids on Earth. ...
Aspartic acid, also known as aspartate, the name of its anion, is one of the 20 natural proteinogenic amino acids which are the building blocks of proteins. ...
Atrial natriuretic factor (ANF), or atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), is a peptide hormone that is released by walls of the cardiac atrium in response to high NaCl concentration, high extracellular fluid volume, or high blood volume. ...
Azadirachtin A is a chemical compound belonging to the limonoids. ...
B Bacteriocins are proteinaceous toxins produced by bacteria to inhibit the growth of similar bacterial strain(s). ...
Bicuculline (BIC) is an antagonist of GABA receptors. ...
Bilirubin is a yellow breakdown product of haem (heme in American English). ...
A biopolymer is a polymer found in nature. ...
Biotin, also known as vitamin H or B7 and C10H16N2O3S (Biotin; Coenzyme R, Biopeiderm), is a water-soluble B-complex vitamin which is composed of an ureido ring fused with a tetrahydrothiophene ring. ...
Biotin, also known as vitamin H or B7 and C10H16N2O3S (Biotin; Coenzyme R, Biopeiderm), is a B-complex vitamin which is important in the catalysis of essential metabolic reactions to synthesize fatty acids, in gluconeogenesis, and to metabolize leucine. ...
Brucine is a chemical compound, closely related to strychnine. ...
C Cadaverine is a foul-smelling molecule produced by protein hydrolysis during putrefaction of animal tissue. ...
Caffeine molecular structure Anhydrous (dry) USP grade Caffeine Caffeine, also known as trimethylxanthine, coffeine, theine, mateine, guaranine, methyltheobromine and 1,3,7-trimethylxanthine, is a xanthine alkaloid found naturally in such foods as coffee beans, tea, kola nuts, Yerba mate, guarana berries, and (in small amounts) cacao beans and Yaupon...
Vitamin D is a fat soluble vitamin that contributes to the maintenance of normal levels of calcium and phosphorus in the bloodstream. ...
Vitamin D is a fat soluble vitamin that contributes to the maintenance of normal levels of calcium and phosphorus in the bloodstream. ...
Calcitonin is a a 32 amino acid polypeptide hormone that is produced in humans primarily by the C cells of the thyroid, and in many other animals in the ultimobranchial body. ...
Calmodulin 3D structure Calmodulin (CaM) is a Ca2+-binding protein that is a key component of the Ca2+ second-messenger system and is involved in controlling many of the biochemical processes of cells. ...
Calmodulin 3D structure Calmodulin (CaM) is a Ca2+-binding protein that is a key component of the Ca2+ second-messenger system and is involved in controlling many of the biochemical processes of cells. ...
Calreticulin is a protein that binds Ca2+ ions (a second messenger molecule in signal transduction), rendering it inactive. ...
Camphor, also known as 1,7,7-trimethyl-bicyclo(2,2,1)heptan-2-one, d-camphor, d-(+)-camphor, (+)-2-bornanone, d-2-bornanone, 1,7,7-trimethylnorcamphor, 2-camphanone, 2-camphonone, bornan-2-one, or caladryl has the chemical formula C10H16O. Camphor is a white transparent waxy crystalline solid...
Cannabinol, also known as CBN, is a non_psychoactive cannabinoid found in the hemp plant Cannabis sativa. ...
The chemical compound capsaicin (8-methyl-N-vanillyl-6-nonenamide) is the active component of chilli peppers (Capsicum). ...
Carbohydrase is a group of enzymes (as amylase) that promote hydrolysis or synthesis of a carbohydrate (as a disaccharide). ...
Carbohydrates are chemical compounds that contain oxygen, hydrogen, and carbon atoms. ...
This article contains information that has not been verified. ...
Carrageenan, is a family of linear sulphated polysaccharides typically obtained by alkali extraction from red seaweeds. ...
Casein is the predominant phosphoprotein found in fresh milk. ...
Caspases are a group of cysteine proteases, enzymes with a crucial cysteine residue that can cleave other proteins, after an aspartic acid residue, a specificity which is unusual among proteases. ...
Cellulase is an enzyme complex which breaks down cellulose to beta-glucose. ...
Cellulose (C6H10O5)n is a long-chain polymer polysaccharide carbohydrate, of beta-glucose. ...
Structure of chitin molecule In biology, chitin (pronounced keye-tin) is one of the main components in the cell walls of fungi, the exoskeletons of insects and other arthropods, and in some other animals. ...
Chloralose is an avicide and bird repellent. ...
Chlorophyll is a green photosynthetic pigment found in plants, algae, and cyanobacteria. ...
Cholecystokinin (CCK, previously pancreozymin) is a peptide hormone of the gastrointestinal system responsible for stimulating the digestion of fat and protein. ...
Cholesterol chemical structure Cholesterol is a steroid, a lipid, and an alcohol, found in the cell membranes of all body tissues, and transported in the blood plasma of all animals. ...
Choline Choline is a quaternary saturated amine with the chemical formula (CH3)3N+CH2CH2OHX-. where X- is a counterion such as chlorine (see choline chloride), hydroxide or tartrate. ...
Chondroitin is an ingredient found commonly in dietary supplements. ...
Chondroitin sulfate is a glycosaminoglycan found in connective tissue. ...
Cinnamic aldehyde or cinnamaldehyde (more precisely trans-cinnamaldehyde, the only naturally-occurring form) is the chemical compound that gives cinnamon its spice. ...
Citral or 3,7-dimethylocta-2,6-dien-1-al or lemonal C10H16O is a chemical compound and part of the terpene family. ...
Citric acid is a weak organic acid found in citrus fruits. ...
Citronellal or rhodinal or 3,7-dimethyloct-6-en-1-al (C10H18O) is is the main component in a mixture of terpene chemical compounds that can be derived from citronella oil. ...
Citronellol, or dihydrogeraniol, is a natural acyclic monoterpenoid. ...
The chemical compound citrulline is an amino acid, the structure of which is: H2N-CONH-CH2-CH2-CH2-CHNH2-COOH L-citrulline is made from L-ornithine and carbamoyl phosphate in one of the central reactions in the urea cycle. ...
Cobalamin or vitamin B12 is a chemical compound that is also known as cyanocobalamine. ...
Cobalamin or vitamin B12 is a chemical compound that is also known as cyanocobalamine. ...
A coenzyme (a. ...
Coenzyme Q (CoQ), also known as ubiquinone or ubiquinol, is a biologically active quinone with an isoprenoid side chain, related in structure to vitamin K and vitamin E. // History Coenzyme Q was first discovered in 1957 by professor F. L. Crane and colleagues at the University of Wisconsin Enzyme Institute. ...
Colchicine is a highly poisonous alkaloid, originally extracted from plants of the genus Colchicum (Autumn crocus, also known as the Meadow saffron). Originally used to treat rheumatic complaints and especially gout, it was also prescribed for its cathartic and emetic effects. ...
Collagen triple helix. ...
Coniine or 2-propylpiperidine is a poisonous alkaloid found in poison hemlock. ...
In physiology, corticosteroids are a class of steroid hormones that are produced in the adrenal cortex. ...
Corticosterone is a 21 carbon steroid hormone of the corticosteroid type produced in the cortex of the adrenal glands. ...
Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), also called corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) or corticoliberin, is a polypeptide hormone involved in the stress response. ...
Cortisol is a corticosteroid hormone that is involved in the response to stress; it increases blood pressure and blood sugar levels and suppresses the immune system. ...
Creatine is a nitrogenous organic acid that naturally occurs in vertebrates and helps to supply energy to muscle cells. ...
Creatine Kinase Creatine kinase (CK), also known as phosphocreatine kinase or creatine phosphokinase (CPK) is an enzyme (EC 2. ...
In biology, a crystallin is a water-soluble structural protein in the lens of the eye, which accounts for the transparency of the structure. ...
Alpha-cyclodextrin is a chemical compound belonging to a group of circular oligoglucosides generally called cyclodextrins. ...
CGTase ribbon diagram Cyclodextrin glycosyl transferase or CGTase for short (EC 2. ...
Cysteine is a naturally occurring hydrophobic amino acid which has a sulfhydryl group and is found in most proteins, however only in small quantities. ...
an oxidized dimeric form of cysteine Categories: Biochemistry stubs ...
Cytidine is a molecule (known as a nucleoside) that is formed when cytosine is attached to a ribose ring (also known as a ribofuranose) via a β-N1-glycosidic bond. ...
Cytochromes are generally membrane-bound proteins that contain heme groups and carry out electron transport or catalyse reductive/oxidative reactions. ...
Cytochrome C (horse heart: PDB 1HRC) is a small heme protein found loosely associated with the inner membrane of the mitochondrion. ...
Cytochrome c oxidase The enzyme cytochrome c oxidase (PDB 2OCC, EC 1. ...
Cytochrome c peroxidase, or CCP,( PDB 2CYP, EC 1. ...
Cytokines are small protein molecules that are the core of communication between immune system cells, and even between these cells and cells belonging to other tissue types. ...
Cytosine is one of the 5 main nucleobases used in storing and transporting genetic information within a cell in the nucleic acids DNA and RNA. It is a pyrimidine derivative, with a heterocyclic aromatic ring and two substituents attached (an amine group at position 4 and a keto group at...
D Deoxycholic acid also known as Cholanoic acid and 3alpha 12alpha - Dihydroxy - 5beta - Cholanate, is a bile acid in a white to off-white crystalline powder form. ...
A deoxyribofuranose is an alternative name to the ring structure of deoxyribose. ...
Deoxyribose Deloxyuoxyribose, also knnnnnown as D-Deoxyribose and 2-deoxyribose, is an aldopentose — a monosaccharide containing five carbon atoms, and including an aldehyde functional group. ...
Space-filling model of a section of DNA molecule Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) or deoxyribose nucleic acid is a nucleic acid that contains the genetic instructions specifying the biological development of all cellular forms of life (and many viruses). ...
Dextran is a branched polysaccharide made of many glucose molecules joined into long chains. ...
Dextrins are a group of carbohydrates produced by the hydrolysis of starch. ...
Space-filling model of a section of DNA molecule Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) or deoxyribose nucleic acid is a nucleic acid that contains the genetic instructions specifying the biological development of all cellular forms of life (and many viruses). ...
Dopamine is a chemical naturally produced in the body. ...
E Ribbon diagram of the catalytically perfect enzyme TIM. Factor D enzyme crystal prevents the immune system from inappropriately running out of control. ...
Ephedrine (EPH) is a sympathomimetic amine commonly used as a decongestant. ...
Epinephrine (INN) or adrenaline (BAN) is a hormone and a neurotransmitter of molecular weight 183. ...
Erucic acid Erucic acid is a fatty acid found in rapeseed, wallflower seed, and mustard seed, making up 40 to 50 percent of their oil. ...
Erythritol is a sugar alcohol which has been approved for use in the United States as a food additive and sweetener. ...
Erythropoietin Erythropoietin (or EPO) is a glycoprotein hormone that is a growth factor for erythrocyte (red blood cell) precursors in the bone marrow. ...
EPO has several meanings: Erythropoietin (hormone) European Patent Organisation or its main organ the European Patent Office Emergency Power Off, the big red button for shutting off power in an emergency This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ...
Estradiol (17-beta estradiol) is a sex hormone. ...
Chemical Structure of Eugenol Eugenol (C10H12O2), is an allyl chain-substituted guaiacol, i. ...
F In chemistry, especially biochemistry, a fatty acid is a carboxylic acid (or organic acid), often with a long aliphatic tail (long chains), either saturated or unsaturated. ...
Fibrin is a protein involved in the clotting of blood. ...
Fibronectin is high molecular weight glycoprotein containing about 5% carbohydrate that bind to receptor proteins spanning the cell membrane called integrins and to the extracellular matrix. ...
This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ...
Folic acid (the anion form is called folate) is a B-complex vitamin (once called vitamin M) that is important in preventing neural tube defects (NTDs) in the developing human fetus. ...
Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) is a hormone produced by gonadotropes in the anterior pituitary gland. ...
The chemical compound formaldehyde (also known as methanal), is a gas with a strong pungent smell. ...
Formic acid (systematically called methanoic acid) is the simplest carboxylic acid. ...
G Gamma globulins are a class of proteins in the blood, identified by their position after serum protein electrophoresis. ...
Galactose (also called brain sugar) is a type of sugar found in dairy products, in sugar beets and other gums and mucilages. ...
Gamma globulins are a class of proteins in the blood, identified by their position after serum protein electrophoresis. ...
Chemical structure of GABA Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a neurotransmitter in widely divergent species. ...
gamma-Butyrolactone, also known as GBL, butyrolactone, 1,4-lactone, 4-butyrolactone, 4-hydroxybutyric acid lactone, and gamma-hydroxybutyric acid lactone, is a hygroscopic colorless oily liquid with a weak characteristic odor of medium solubility in water (≥ 10 g / 100 ml). ...
Gamma-hydroxybutyrate (4-hydroxybutanoic acid, C4H8O3) is both a drug and a naturally occurring compound found in the mammalian brain, where it might function as a neurotransmitter. ...
Gamma-hydroxybutyrate (4-hydroxybutanoic acid, C4H8O3) is both a drug and a naturally occurring compound found in the mammalian brain, where it might function as a neurotransmitter. ...
In humans, gastrin is a hormone that stimulates secretion of gastric acid by the stomach. ...
Gelatin (also gelatine) is a translucent brittle solid substance, colorless or slightly yellow, nearly tasteless and odorless, which is created by prolonged boiling of animal skin and connective tissue. ...
Geraniol (C10H18O 3,7-dimethyl-2,6-octadien-l-ol) is an alcohol. ...
A globular protein is a protein that is globe-like, or rounded in shape, often soluble in aqueous solution. ...
Glucagon ball and stick model Glucagon is a 29 amino acid polypeptide acting as an important hormone in carbohydrate metabolism. ...
Glucose (Glc), a simple monosaccharide sugar, is one of the most important carbohydrates and is used as a source of energy in animals. ...
The glucose oxidase enzyme (GOx) (EC 1. ...
Wheat - a prime source of gluten Gluten is an amorphous ergastic protein found combined with starch in the endosperm of some cereals, notably wheat, rye, and barley. ...
Glutamic acid (Glu) or glutamate (the anionic form) is one of the 20 standard amino acids used by all organisms in their proteins. ...
Glutamine (molecular weight: 146. ...
Glutathione (GSH), whose IUPAC name is 2-amino-5-{[2-[(carboxymethyl)amino]-1-(mercaptomethyl)-2-oxoethyl]amino}-5-oxopentanoic acid, is γ-glutamylcysteinylglycine, a tripeptide. ...
Wheat - a prime source of gluten Gluten is an amorphous ergastic protein found combined with starch in the endosperm of some cereals, notably wheat, rye, and barley. ...
Glycerin, also known as glycerine and glycerol, and less commonly as 1,2,3-propanetriol, 1,2,3-trihydroxypropane, glyceritol, and glycyl alcohol is a colorless, odorless, hygroscopic, and sweet-tasting viscous liquid. ...
Glycine (Gly, G) is a nonpolar amino acid. ...
Glycogen is a polysaccharide that is the principal storage form of glucose in animal cells. ...
Glycolic acid (or hydroxyacetic acid) is the smallest α-hydroxy acid (AHA). ...
Glycolipids are carbohydrate-attached lipids. ...
A glycoprotein is a macromolecule composed of a protein and a carbohydrate (a sugar). ...
Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone (GnRH) is a peptide hormone responsible for the release of FSH and LH from the anterior pituitary. ...
Granzymes are exogenous serine proteases that are released by cytoplasmic granules within cytotoxic T cells and natural killer cells. ...
The green fluorescent protein (GFP) is a protein from the jellyfish Aequorea victoria that fluoresces green when exposed to blue light. ...
Growth hormone Growth hormone is a polypeptide hormone synthesised and secreted by the anterior pituitary gland which stimulates growth and cell reproduction in humans and other vertebrate animals. ...
Growth hormone-releasing hormone is a hormone released from the arcuate nucleus of hypothalamus that stimulates the release of growth hormone. ...
GTPases are a large family of enzymes that can bind and hydrolyze GTP. The GTP binding and hydrolysis takes place in the highly conserved G domain common to all GTPases. ...
Guanine is one of the five main nucleobases found in nucleic acids (, DNA and RNA). ...
Guanosine is a nucleoside comprising guanine attached to a ribose (also known as a ribofuranose) ring via a β-N9-glycosidic bond. ...
Guanosine triphosphate (GTP) is also known as guanosine-5-triphosphate and G3P. Biochemically, GTP is 9-ß-D-ribofuranosylguanine-5-triphosphate or, equivalently, 9-ß-D-ribofuranosyl-2-amino-6-oxo-purine-5-triphosphate. ...
H Haptoglobins (frequently abbreviated as Hp) are proteins in the blood that bind free iron, preventing bacteria from using the iron to grow. ...
Haematoxylin is extracted from the wood of the logwood tree. ...
A hæm or heme is a metal-containing cofactor that consists of an iron atom contained in the center of a large heterocyclic organic ring called a porphyrin. ...
Single Oxygenated Hemerythrin protein Trimeric Hemerythrin Protein Complex Hemerythrin (also spelled haemerythrin; from Greek words αίμα = blood and εÏυθÏός = red) is an oligomeric protein responsible for oxygen (O2) transportation in the marine invertebrate phyla of sipuniculids, priapulids, brachiopods, and in a single annelid worm, magelona. ...
Single Oxygenated Hemocyanin protein from Octopus Hemocyanins (also spelled haemocyanins) are respiratory proteins containing two copper atoms that reversibly bind a single oxygen molecule (O2). ...
3-dimensional structure of hemoglobin. ...
A hemoprotein, or heme protein, is a protein containing a heme prosthetic group, either covalently or noncovalently bound to the protein itself. ...
High density lipoproteins (HDL) form a class of lipoproteins, varying somewhat in their size (8-11 nm in diameter) and contents, that carry cholesterol from the bodys tissues to the liver. ...
Histamine is a biogenic amine chemical involved in local immune responses as well as regulating physiological function in the gut and acting as a neurotransmitter. ...
Histidine is one of the 20 most common natural amino acids, coded for in DNA. Nutritionally, in humans, histidine is considered an essential amino acid, but mostly only in children. ...
In biology, histones are the chief proteins of chromatin. ...
Histone methyltransferases (HMT) are enzymes which catalyze the transfer of one to three methyl groups from the cofactor s-adenosylmethionine to lysine and arginine residues of histone proteins. ...
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Chemical Structure of Homocysteine The metabolic intermediate homocysteine is an amino acid created by the single carbon chemistry of S-adenosyl methionine. ...
A hormone (from Greek horman - to set in motion) is a chemical messenger from one cell (or group of cells) to another. ...
Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is a peptide hormone produced in pregnancy, that is made by the embryo soon after conception and later by the trophoblast (part of the placenta). ...
For physiology of human growth hormone, see growth hormone. ...
Hyaluronidase The hyaluronidases (EC 3. ...
Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is a clear liquid, slightly more viscous than water, that has strong oxidizing properties and is therefore a powerful bleaching agent that has found use as a disinfectant, as an oxidizer, and (particularly in high concentrations as high test peroxide (HTP)) as a monopropellant in rockets. ...
4-Hydroxyproline, or hydroxyproline(C5H9O3N), is an uncommon amino acid, abbreviated as HYP, e. ...
Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, or 5-HT) is a monoamine neurotransmitter synthesised in serotonergic neurons in the central nervous system and enterochromaffin cells in the gastrointestinal tract. ...
I This page may meet Wikipedias criteria for speedy deletion. ...
Indole is an aromatic heterocyclic organic compound. ...
Chemical model of inosine Inosine is a molecule (known as a nucleoside) that is formed when hypoxanthine is attached to a ribose ring (also known as a ribofuranose) via a β-N9-glycosidic bond. ...
Inositol is a biological molecule that plays an important role as a second messenger in a cell, in the form of inositol phosphates. ...
The structure of insulin Red: carbon; green: oxygen; blue: nitrogen; pink: sulfur. ...
The insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) are polypeptides with high sequence similarity to insulin. ...
An integrin, or integrin receptor, is an integral membrane protein in the plasma membrane of cells. ...
Integral membrane protein of the transmembrane type An Integral Membrane Protein (IMP) is a protein molecule (or assembly of proteins) that in most cases spans the biological membrane with which it is associated (especially the plasma membrane) or which, in any case, is sufficiently embedded in the membrane to remain...
An integrin, or integrin receptor, is an integral membrane protein in the plasma membrane of cells. ...
Integrase is a protein produced by a virus that enables genetic material that is helpful to the virus, proviral DNA, to be integrated into the DNA of the infected cell. ...
An intein is a segment of a protein that is able to excise itself and rejoin the remaining portions (the exteins) with a peptide bond. ...
Interferons (IFNs) are natural proteins produced by the cells of the immune systems of most animals in response to challenges by foreign agents such as viruses, bacteria, parasites and tumor cells. ...
Inulins are a group of naturally occurring oligosaccharides (several simple sugars linked together) produced by many types of plants. ...
Ionone or 4-(2,6,6-trimethyl-1-cyclohexen-1-yl)-3-Buten-2-one or cyclocitrylideneacetone or irisone C13H20O is a chemical substance and part of the terpene family. ...
Isoleucine is one of the 20 natural amino acids, and is coded for in DNA. Its chemical composition is identical to that of leucine, but the arrangement of its atoms is slightly different, resulting in different properties. ...
An iron-sulfur cluster is a structural motif found in certain metalloproteins, such as the ferredoxins, as well as NADH dehydrogenase and Coenzyme Q - cytochrome c reductase of the electron transfer system. ...
J
K Micrograph of stained α-keratin from mouse liver Keratins are fibrous structural proteins; tough and insoluble, they form the hard but nonmineralized structures found in reptiles, birds and mammals (vertebrates), and also the silk of insects and spiders (invertebrates). ...
In biochemistry, a kinase is a type of enzyme that transfers phosphate groups from high-energy donor molecules, such as ATP, to specific target molecules (substrates); the process is termed phosphorylation. An enzyme that removes phosphate groups from targets is known as a phosphatase. ...
L For substances with an l- or L- prefix such as L-alanine or DL-alanine, please see the parent page (in this case alanine). Alanine is one of the 20 most common natural amino acids. ...
Lactase is a member of the β-galactosidase family of enzyme: enzymes that cleave off β-oxygen bonded attachments to galactose. ...
Lactic acid (α-hydroxypropanoic acid, AHA) is a chemical compound that plays a role in several biochemical processes. ...
Lactose is a disaccharide that makes up around 2-8% of the solids in milk. ...
Lanolin, a grease from wool-bearing animals, acts as a skin ointment, water-proofing wax, and raw material (such as in shoe polish). ...
Lauric acid, also known as n-dodecanoic acid and n-alkanoic acid is a fatty acid with structural formula CH3(CH2)10COOH . ...
Leptin is a protein hormone produced by adipose tissue. ...
Leucine is one of the 20 most common amino acids and coded for by DNA. It is isomeric with isoleucine. ...
Lignin is a chemical compound that is an integral part of the cell walls of some cells, e. ...
Limonene is a hydrocarbon, classed as a terpene. ...
Linalool is a common aroma chemical found in many commercial applications. ...
Linoleic acid (C18H32O2 or CH3(CH2)4CH=CHCH2CH=CH(CH2)7COOH) is a colourless liquid. ...
Linolenic acid is an 18-carbon polyunsaturated fatty acid with three double bonds. ...
A lipase is a water-soluble enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of ester bonds in water–insoluble, lipid substrates. ...
Figure 1: Structure of a Lipid. ...
In lipid anchored proteins, a covalently attached fatty acid such as palmitate or myristate serves to anchor them to the cytoplasmic face of the cell membrane. ...
Lipoamide is a trivial name for 6,8-dithiooctanoic amide. ...
A lipoprotein is a biochemical assembly that contains both proteins and lipids and may be structural or catalytic in function. ...
Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) refers to a class and range of lipoprotein particles, varying in their size and contents, which carry cholesterol in the blood and around the body, for use by cells. ...
Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) refers to a class and range of lipoprotein particles, varying somewhat in their size and contents, which carry cholesterol in the blood and around the body, for use by various cells. ...
Luteinizing hormone (LH) is a hormone synthesised and secreted by gonadotropes in the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland. ...
Lycopene (molecular formula: C40H56) is a bright red carotenoid pigment (phytochemical) found in tomatoes and other red fruits. ...
Lysine is one of the 20 amino acids normally found in proteins. ...
Lysozyme 3D structure. ...
M Malic acid is a tart-tasting organic acid that plays a role in many sour or tart foods. ...
Maltose (known as malt sugar) is a disaccharide (sometimes called di-glucose). ...
Melatonin, or 5-methoxy-N-acetyltryptamine, is a hormone produced by pinealocytes in the pineal gland, located in the brain, but also in the retina and GI tract. ...
A membrane protein is a protein molecule (or assembly of molecules) that is either embedded in or weakly attached to a biological membrane, especially the plasma membrane. ...
In biochemistry, a metalloprotein is a generic term for a protein that also contains a metal cofactor. ...
Metallothioneins are proteins whose purpose is to metabolise and regulate metals. ...
Methionine (Met, M. C5H11NO2S) is an essential nonpolar amino acid, and a lipotropic. ...
In chemistry, a monomer (from Greek mono one and meros part) is a small molecule that may become chemically bonded to other monomers to form a polymer. ...
Myoglobin 3D structure. ...
N This article describes the biomolecule known as Vitamin K. For the unrelated drug sometimes referred to in slang as Vitamin K, see Ketamine. ...
Vitamin K denotes a group of 2-methilo-naphthoquinone derivatives. ...
Niacin, also known as nicotinic acid or vitamin B3, is a water-soluble vitamin whose derivatives such as NADH play essential roles in energy metabolism in the living cell. ...
Niacin, also known as nicotinic acid or vitamin B3, is a water-soluble vitamin whose derivatives such as NADH play essential roles in energy metabolism in the living cell. ...
Niacin, also known as nicotinic acid or vitamin B3, is a water-soluble vitamin whose derivatives such as NADH play essential roles in energy metabolism in the living cell. ...
Nitrocellulose (Cellulose nitrate, guncotton) is a highly flammable compound formed by nitrating cellulose (e. ...
Neurotransmitters are chemicals that are used to relay, amplify and modulate electrical signals between a neuron and another cell. ...
Norepinephrine, known as noradrenaline outside the USA, is a catecholamine and a phenethylamine with chemical formula C8H11NO3. ...
Norepinephrine or noradrenaline is a catecholamine and a phenethylamine with chemical formula C8H11NO3. ...
A nuclease is an enzyme capable of cleaving the phosphodiester bonds between the nucleotide subunits of nucleic acids. ...
A nucleotide is a monomer or the structural unit of nucleotide chains forming nucleic acids as RNA and DNA. A nucleotide consists of a heterocyclic nucleobase, a pentose sugar (ribose or deoxiribose), and a phosphate or polyphosphate group. ...
A nucleic acid is a complex, high-molecular-weight biochemical macromolecule composed of nucleotide chains that convey genetic information. ...
Nucleosides are glycosylamines made by attaching a nucleobase to a ribose ring. ...
A nucleotide is a monomer or the structural unit of nucleotide chains forming nucleic acids as RNA and DNA. A nucleotide consists of a heterocyclic nucleobase, a pentose sugar (ribose or deoxiribose), and a phosphate or polyphosphate group. ...
O Estrogens (or oestrogens) are a group of steroid compounds that function as the primary female sex hormone. ...
Peptides are the family of molecules formed from the linking, in a defined order, of various amino acids. ...
Orcin is 3,5-dihydroxytoluene, C6H3(CH3)(OH)2, found in many lichens including Rocella tinctoria and Lecanora, and formed by fusing extract of aloes with potash. ...
Orexin is the common name given to a pair of hormones discovered in rat brains by Masashi Yanagisawa at a Howard Hughes Medical Institute-funded lab at the University of Texas. ...
Ornithine is an amino acid, whose structure is: NH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CHNH2-COOH Ornithine is one of the products of the action of the enzyme arginase on L-arginine, creating urea. ...
Oxalic acid (IUPAC name: ethanedioic acid, formula H2C2O4) is a dicarboxylic acid with structure (HOOC)-(COOH). ...
ÓAn oxidase is an enzyme that catalyzes an oxidation/reduction reaction. ...
Oxytocin is a hormone, found in humans and other mammals, which is involved in the facilitation of birth and breastfeeding as well as in bonding and the formation of trust between people. ...
P Para-Aminobenzoic acid (PABA) is a chemical used in sunscreen that is an essential nutrient for some bacteria. ...
Paclitaxel is a drug used in the treatment of cancer. ...
Pantothenic acid, also called vitamin B5, is an antioxidant water-soluble vitamin needed to break down carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. ...
Pantothenic acid, also called vitamin B5, is an antioxidant water-soluble vitamin needed to break down carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. ...
Parathyroid hormone (PTH) is secreted by the parathyroid glands as a polypeptide containing 84 amino acids. ...
A paraprotein is an abnormal protein in the urine or blood, most often associated with multiple myeloma. ...
Pardaxin is a protein produced by the Red Sea Sole that is used as a shark repellent. ...
Peptidases (proteases [pronounced pro-tea-aces] and proteolytic enzymes are also commonly used) are enzymes which break peptide bonds of proteins. ...
Pepsin is a digestive protease released by the chief cells in the stomach that functions to degrade food proteins into peptides. ...
Peptides (from the Greek πεπτος, digestible), are the family of molecules formed from the linking, in a defined order, of various amino acids. ...
Peripheral membrane proteins are proteins that adhere only loosely to the biological membrane with which they are associated. ...
Phenethylamine (Phenylethylamine) is an alkaloid and monoamine. ...
The alpha-amino acid Phenylalanine exists in two forms, the D- and L- forms, which are enantiomers (mirror-image molecules) of each other. ...
The phosphagens are energy storage compounds, also known as high energy phosphate compounds, are chiefly found in muscular tissue in animals. ...
A phosphatase is an enzyme that hydrolyses phosphoric acid monoesters into a phosphate ion and a molecule with a free hydroxy group. ...
Two schematic representations of a phospholipid. ...
The alpha-amino acid Phenylalanine exists in two forms, the D- and L- forms, which are enantiomers (mirror-image molecules) of each other. ...
Phytic acid (known as phytate when its salt form) is the principal storage form of phosphorus in many plant tissues, especially seeds. ...
Plant hormones (or plant growth regulators, or PGRs) are internally secreted chemicals in plants that are used for regulating their growth. ...
Peptides are the family of molecules formed from the linking, in a defined order, of various amino acids. ...
Polyphenols are a group of vegetable chemical substances, characterized by the presence of more than one phenol group. ...
Polysaccharides (sometimes called glycans) are relatively complex carbohydrates. ...
A porphyrin is a heterocyclic macrocycle made from 3 pyrrole subunits and one pyrroline subunit, and linked on opposite sides through 4 methine bridges. ...
Prions — short for proteinaceous infectious particle — are infectious protein structures that replicate through conversion of other host proteins. ...
Progesterone is a C-21 steroid hormone involved in the female menstrual cycle, pregnancy (supports gestation) and embryogenesis of humans and other species. ...
Prolactin is a hormone synthesised and secreted by lactotrope cells in the adenohypophysis (anterior pituitary gland). ...
L-Proline is one of the twenty amino acids (formerly, proline was misleadingly called an imino acid) that are used by living organisms as a building block of proteins (so called proteinogenic amino acids). ...
Propionic acid (systematically named propanoic acid) is a naturally occurring carboxylic acid with chemical formula CH3CH2COOH. In the pure state, it is a colorless, corrosive liquid with a pungent odor. ...
Protamine is a drug that reverses the anticoagulant effects of heparin by binding to it. ...
Proteases (proteinases, peptidases or proteolytic enzymes) are enzymes that break peptide bonds between amino acids of proteins. ...
A representation of the 3D structure of myoglobin, showing coloured alpha helices. ...
Proteinoids are protein-like molecules formed inorganically from amino acids. ...
Putrescine (sometimes spelled putrescin or putrescene) is an organic chemical compound NH2(CH2)4NH2 (1,4-diaminobutane or butanediamine) formed by and having the smell of rotting flesh. ...
Pyrethrum (Chrysanthemum cinerariaefolium, Family Asteraceae) is a perennial African plant with a daisy-like appearance and white, pink or red flowers. ...
The two major forms of vitamin B6 are pyridoxine and pyridoxamine. ...
The two major forms of vitamin B6 are pyridoxine and pyridoxamine. ...
The two major forms of vitamin B6 are pyridoxine and pyridoxamine. ...
Pyrrolysine is a naturally occurring genetically coded amino acid. ...
Pyruvic acid (CH3COCO2H) is an alpha-keto acid, of the keto acid group. ...
Q A quinone or benzoquinone is generally defined as an aromatic benzene molecule containing a double ketone functional group. ...
R Raffinose is a complex oligosacharide involved in the protection of a cell, normally a plant cell, from stress (ie - frost, drought). ...
Renin, also known as angiotensinogenase, is a circulating enzyme (EC 3. ...
The Retinenes (Retinene1 and Retinene2) are chemical derivatives of the dietary supplement vitamin A (see retinol) formed through oxidation reactions. ...
Retinol, the dietary form of vitamin A, is a fat-soluble, antioxidant vitamin important in vision and bone growth. ...
Retinol, the dietary form of vitamin A, is a fat-soluble, antioxidant vitamin important in vision and bone growth. ...
Riboflavin (E101), also known as vitamin B2 or vitamin G, is an easily absorbed, water-soluble micronutrient with a key role in maintaining human health. ...
Riboflavin (E101), also known as vitamin B2, is an easily absorbed, water-soluble micronutrient with a key role in maintaining human health. ...
A ribofuranose is an alternative name to the ring structure of ribose. ...
Ribose Ribose is a five carbon sugar (pentose) that is critical to living creatures. ...
Castor beans The protein ricin (pronounced rye-sin) is a poison manufactured from the castor bean (Ricinus communis). ...
Ribonucleic acid (RNA) is a nucleic acid polymer consisting of covalently bound nucleotides. ...
S Safrole Safrole (chemical formula: C10H10O2) is a colorless or slightly yellow oily liquid. ...
Salicylic acid is a colorless, crystalline organic carboxylic acid. ...
Salvinorin A is the main active psychotropic constituent of the plant Salvia divinorum (diviners sage, Mexican mint). ...
Saponins are glycosides of steroids, steroid alkaloids (steroids with a nitrogen function) or triterpenes found in plants, especially in the plant skins where they form a waxy protective coating. ...
Secretin is a hormone produced in the S cells of the duodenum in response to low duodenum pH and fatty acids in the duodenum to stimulate the secretion of bicarbonate from bicarbonate producing organs(liver, pancreas, Brunners glands) when the pH drops below a set value. ...
Selenocysteine is an amino acid that is present in several enzymes (for example glutathione peroxidases, tetraiodothyronine 5 deiodinases, thioredoxin reductases, formate dehydrogenases, glycine reductases and some hydrogenases). ...
Selenomethionine is an amino acid containing selenium. ...
A selenoprotein is any protein that includes a selenocysteine residue. ...
Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, or 5-HT) is a monoamine neurotransmitter synthesised in serotonergic neurons in the central nervous system and enterochromaffin cells in the gastrointestinal tract. ...
Serine is one of the 20 natural amino acids. ...
A protein kinase is an enzyme that can transfer a phosphate group from a donor molecule (usually ATP) to an amino acid residue of a protein. ...
Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, or 5-HT) is a monoamine neurotransmitter synthesised in serotonergic neurons in the central nervous system and enterochromaffin cells in the gastrointestinal tract. ...
Skatole or 3-methylindole is a mildly toxic white crystalline organic compound with chemical formula C9H9N and CAS number 83-34-1. ...
The signal recognition particle (SRP) is a protein-RNA complex that recognizes and transports specific proteins to the endoplasmic reticulum in eukaryotes and the plasma membrane in prokaryotes. ...
Somatostatin is a hormone. ...
Chemical structure Sorbic acid (also known as trans, trans-2,4-hexadienoic acid) has the chemical formula C6H8O2. ...
Squalene is a natural organic compound obtained primarily from shark liver oil. ...
Stearic acid also called octadecanoic acid is one of the many useful types of saturated fatty acids that comes from many animal and vegetable fats and oils. ...
Sterols are a subgroup of steroids with a hydroxyl group in the 3-position of the A-ring. ...
Strychnine (pronounced (British) or (U.S.)) is a very toxic (LD50 = 1 mg/kg), colourless crystalline alkaloid used as a pesticide, particularly for killing small vertebrates such as rodents. ...
SucroseZ (C12H22O11) is the common chemical name for table sugar. ...
In general use, sugar is taken to mean sucrose, also called table sugar or saccharose, a disaccharide which is a white crystalline solid. ...
In general use, sugar is taken to mean sucrose, also called table sugar or saccharose, a disaccharide which is a white crystalline solid. ...
Superoxide is a reactive anion and free radical, formally O2-. It is produced most easily by burning rubidium or caesium in oxygen. ...
T Tannic acid, a commercial form of tannin is not a true acid but an acid-like substance called a polyphenol. ...
Tannins are astringent, bitter-tasting plant polyphenols that bind and precipitate proteins. ...
Tartaric acid is a white crystalline organic acid. ...
Taurine (from taurus = ox, as it was discovered in ox bile) or 2-aminoethanesulfonic acid is an acidic chemical substance found in bile which acts as an emulsifier for ingested lipids and assists in their absorption. ...
Tetrodotoxin (anhydrotetrodotoxin 4-epitetrodotoxin, tetrodonic acid, TTX) is a potent neurotoxin, which blocks the nerve function in nerves by binding to the pore of voltage-gated sodium channel in nerve cell membranes. ...
Thaumatin is a mixture of proteins isolated from the katemfe fruit (Thaumatococcus daniellii Bennett) of west Africa. ...
Topoisomerases (type I: EC 5. ...
Tyrosine kinases are a subclass of protein kinase, see there for the principles of protein phosphorylation A tyrosine kinase (EC 2. ...
Taurine (from taurus = ox, as it was discovered in ox bile) or 2-aminoethanesulfonic acid is an acidic chemical substance found in bile which acts as an emulsifier for ingested lipids and assists in their absorption. ...
Testosterone is a steroid hormone from the androgen group. ...
Tetrodotoxin (anhydrotetrodotoxin 4-epitetrodotoxin, tetrodonic acid, TTX) is a potent neurotoxin, which blocks the nerve function in nerves by binding to the pore of voltage-gated sodium channel in nerve cell membranes. ...
Thaumatin is a mixture of proteins isolated from the katemfe fruit (Thaumatococcus daniellii Bennett) of west Africa. ...
Thiamine mononitrate Thiamine or thiamin, also known as vitamin B1, is a colorless compound with chemical formula C12H17N4OS. It is soluble in water and insoluble in alcohol. ...
Thiamine mononitrate Thiamine or thiamin, also known as vitamin B1, is a colorless compound with chemical formula C12H17ClN4OS. It is soluble in water and insoluble in alcohol. ...
General Name, Symbol, Number sulfur, S, 16 Chemical series nonmetals Group, Period, Block 16, 3, p Appearance lemon yellow Atomic mass 32. ...
Threonine is one of the 20 natural amino acids. ...
Thrombopoietin is the recently discovered (1994) glycoprotein hormone that regulates the production of platelets. ...
Deoxythymidine is a molecule (known as a nucleoside) that is formed when thymine is attached to a deoxyribose ring (also known as a deoxyribofuranose) via a β-N1-glycosidic bond. ...
Thymine, also known as 5-methyluracil, is a pyrimidine nucleobase. ...
Thiamine mononitrate Thiamine or thiamin, also known as vitamin B1, is a colorless compound with chemical formula C12H17N4OS. It is soluble in water and insoluble in alcohol. ...
Thiamine mononitrate Thiamine or thiamin, also known as vitamin B1, is a colorless compound with chemical formula C12H17ClN4OS. It is soluble in water and insoluble in alcohol. ...
Thyroid-stimulating hormone (also known as TSH or thyrotropin) is a hormone synthesised and secreted by thyrotrope cells in the anterior pituitary gland which regulates the endocrine function of the thyroid gland. ...
Thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) is a tripeptide hormone that stimulates the release of TSH and prolactin by the anterior pituitary. ...
The thyroid hormones, thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3), are tyrosine-based hormones produced by the thyroid gland. ...
Tocopherol, or Vitamin E, is a fat-soluble vitamin in eight forms that is an important antioxidant. ...
Tocopherol, or Vitamin E, is a fat-soluble vitamin in eight forms that is an important antioxidant. ...
Topoisomerases (type I: EC 5. ...
The thyroid hormones, thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3), are tyrosine-based hormones produced by the thyroid gland. ...
Transmembrane receptors are integral membrane proteins, which reside and operate typically within a cells plasma membrane, but also in the membranes of some subcellular compartments and organelles. ...
Trophic hormones are hormones that regulate the activity of endocrine glands. ...
// Chemistry and Function The enzyme trypsin cleaves proteins at the carboxyl side (or C-terminus) of the basic amino acids lysine and arginine except when these two residues are preceded by proline. ...
Tryptophan is an amino acid and essential in human nutrition. ...
Tubulin is the protein which makes up microtubules. ...
Tyrosine (from the Greek tyros, meaning cheese, as it was first discovered in cheese), 4-hydroxyphenylalanine, or 2-amino-3(4-hydroxyphenyl)-propanoic acid, is one of the 20 amino acids that are used by cells to synthesize proteins. ...
U Ubiquitin is a small protein that occurs in all eukaryotic cells. ...
Uracil is one of the four RNA nucleobases, replacing thymine as found in DNA. Just like thymine, uracil can form a base pair with adenine via two hydrogen bonds, but it lacks the methyl group present in thymine. ...
Urea is an organic compound of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen and hydrogen, with the formula CON2H4 or (NH2)2CO. Urea is also known as carbamide, especially in the recommended International Non-proprietary Names (rINN) in use in Europe. ...
Helicobacter Pylori Urease drawn from PDB 1E9Z. Urease (EC 3. ...
Uric acid is an organic compound of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen and hydrogen and the structure shown right: Uric acid is the final oxidation product of purine metabolism in the human body and is found in small amounts in urine. ...
Uridine is a molecule (known as a nucleoside) that is formed when uracil is attached to a ribose ring (also known as a ribofuranose) via a β-N1-glycosidic bond. ...
Uridine is a molecule (known as a nucleoside) that is formed when uracil is attached to a ribose ring (also known as a ribofuranose) via a β-N1-glycosidic bond. ...
V Valine is one of the 20 natural amino acids, and is coded for in DNA. Nutritionally, valine is also an essential amino acid. ...
Vanabins (also known as vanadium-associated proteins or vanadium chromagen) are a class of metalloproteins containing vanadium. ...
A Vitamin is an organic molecule required by a living organism in minute amounts for proper health. ...
Retinol, the dietary form of vitamin A, is a fat-soluble, antioxidant vitamin important in vision and bone growth. ...
Retinol, the dietary form of vitamin A, is a fat-soluble, antioxidant vitamin important in vision and bone growth. ...
Vitamin B is a complex of several vitamins. ...
Thiamine mononitrate Thiamine or thiamin, also known as vitamin B1, is a colorless compound with chemical formula C12H17ClN4OS. It is soluble in water and insoluble in alcohol. ...
Thiamine mononitrate Thiamine or thiamin, also known as vitamin B1, is a colorless compound with chemical formula C12H17N4OS. It is soluble in water and insoluble in alcohol. ...
Riboflavin (E101), also known as vitamin B2, is an easily absorbed, water-soluble micronutrient with a key role in maintaining human health. ...
Riboflavin (E101), also known as vitamin B2 or vitamin G, is an easily absorbed, water-soluble micronutrient with a key role in maintaining human health. ...
Niacin, also known as nicotinic acid or vitamin B3, is a water-soluble vitamin whose derivatives such as NADH play essential roles in energy metabolism in the living cell. ...
Niacin, also known as nicotinic acid or vitamin B3, is a water-soluble vitamin whose derivatives such as NADH play essential roles in energy metabolism in the living cell. ...
Niacin, also known as nicotinic acid or vitamin B3, is a water-soluble vitamin whose derivatives such as NADH play essential roles in energy metabolism in the living cell. ...
Structure of Adenine Adenine is one of the two purine nucleobases used in forming nucleotides of the nucleic acids DNA and RNA. In DNA, adenine (A) binds to thymine (T) to assist in stabilizing the nucleic acid structures. ...
Adenine is one of the two purine nucleobases used in forming nucleotides of the nucleic acids DNA and RNA. In DNA, adenine (A) binds to thymine (T) via two hydrogen bonds to assist in stabilizing the nucleic acid structures. ...
Pantothenic acid, also called vitamin B5, is an antioxidant water-soluble vitamin needed to break down carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. ...
Pantothenic acid, also called vitamin B5, is an antioxidant water-soluble vitamin needed to break down carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. ...
The two major forms of vitamin B6 are pyridoxine and pyridoxamine. ...
The two major forms of vitamin B6 are pyridoxine and pyridoxamine. ...
The two major forms of vitamin B6 are pyridoxine and pyridoxamine. ...
Cobalamin or vitamin B12 is a chemical compound that is also known as cyanocobalamine. ...
Cobalamin or vitamin B12 is a chemical compound that is also known as cyanocobalamine. ...
Vitamin C is a water-soluble nutrient essential for life, used by the human body for many purposes. ...
This article deals with the molecule ascorbic acid in General, for the nutrient see Vitamin C Ascorbic acid is an organic acid with antioxidant properties. ...
Vitamin D is a fat soluble vitamin that contributes to the maintenance of normal levels of calcium and phosphorus in the bloodstream. ...
Vitamin D is a fat soluble vitamin that contributes to the maintenance of normal levels of calcium and phosphorus in the bloodstream. ...
Tocopherol, or Vitamin E, is a fat-soluble vitamin in eight forms that is an important antioxidant. ...
Tocopherol, or Vitamin E, is a fat-soluble vitamin in eight forms that is an important antioxidant. ...
Essential fatty acids are fatty acids that are required in the human diet. ...
Biotin, also known as vitamin H or B7 and C10H16N2O3S (Biotin; Coenzyme R, Biopeiderm), is a B-complex vitamin which is important in the catalysis of essential metabolic reactions to synthesize fatty acids, in gluconeogenesis, and to metabolize leucine. ...
Biotin, also known as vitamin H or B7 and C10H16N2O3S (Biotin; Coenzyme R, Biopeiderm), is a water-soluble B-complex vitamin which is composed of an ureido ring fused with a tetrahydrothiophene ring. ...
Vitamin K denotes a group of 2-methilo-naphthoquinone derivatives. ...
This article describes the biomolecule known as Vitamin K. For the unrelated drug sometimes referred to in slang as Vitamin K, see Ketamine. ...
Folic acid (the anion form is called folate) is a B-complex vitamin (once called vitamin M) that is important in preventing neural tube defects (NTDs) in the developing human fetus. ...
This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ...
Niacin, also known as nicotinic acid or vitamin B3, is a water-soluble vitamin whose derivatives such as NADH play essential roles in energy metabolism in the living cell. ...
Niacin, also known as nicotinic acid or vitamin B3, is a water-soluble vitamin whose derivatives such as NADH play essential roles in energy metabolism in the living cell. ...
Niacin, also known as nicotinic acid or vitamin B3, is a water-soluble vitamin whose derivatives such as NADH play essential roles in energy metabolism in the living cell. ...
Salicylic acid is a colorless, crystalline organic carboxylic acid. ...
W Water (from the Old English word wæter; c. ...
X Xylose is an aldopentose - a simple sugar containing five carbon atoms, and including an aldehyde functional group. ...
Y
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