NationMaster - Encyclopedia: List of chemistry topics

This page aims to list articles related to chemistry. This is so that those interested in the subject can monitor changes to the pages by clicking on Related Changes in the sidebar and on the bottom of the page. // Introduction The fundamental component of chemistry is that it involves matter in some way (this explains its broad reach). ...

This list is not necessarily complete or up to date - if you see an article that should be here but isn't (or one that shouldn't be here but is), please update the page accordingly. A much shorter list, covering the most important topics, is given at List of basic chemistry topics. Below is a list of basic topics in chemistry -- topics which will help the beginner become familiar with the field of chemistry. ...

Chemical compounds are listed separately at list of organic compounds, list of inorganic compounds or list of biomolecules. This page aims to list well-known organic compounds, including organometallic compounds, to stimulate the creation of Wikipedia articles. ... This page aims to list well-known inorganic compounds, including organometallic compounds, to stimulate the creation of Wikipedia articles. ... This page aims to list articles on Wikipedia that describe particular biomolecules or types of biomolecules. ...

Contents: Top - 0–9 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

A

Abichite — Acetaldehyde — Acetaminophen — Acetic acid — Acetone — acetyl — Acetylcholine — Acetylene — acid — Acrylamide — Actinide — Actinium — Actinolite — Activation energy — Adolf Friedrich Johann Butenandt — Adolf Otto Reinhold Windaus — Adolph Wilhelm Hermann Kolbe — Agate — Ahmed H. Zewail — Alabaster — Alan G MacDiarmid — Alan J Heeger — Albertus Magnus — Albite — alchemical symbol — alchemist — Alchemy — alcohol — aldehyde — Alexandrite — Alfred Stock — Alfred Werner — alicyclic compound — aliphatic compound — Alkali — Alkali metal — Alkaline earth — alkane — alkene — Allingite — allotrope — Allotropy — alloy — Alum — Aluminium — Aluminium gallium arsenide — Aluminium oxide — Alunite — Alvite — amalgams — Amazonite — Amber — Amblygonite — Amedeo Avogadro — Americium — Amethyst — amide — amine — amino acid — Ammonia — ammonium — Ammonium nitrate — Ammonium perchlorate — Amphibole — Analcim — Analcite — Analytical chemistry — Anatase — Andalusite — Andesite — Anglesite — Anorthite — Anorthocite — Anorthoclase — Anorthosite — Antimony — Antoine Lavoisier — Apatite — Aquamarine — Aragonite — Archer John Porter Martin — aromatic hydrocarbon — argon — Arne Wilhelm Kaurin Tiselius — aromatic amine — aromatic compound — Arrhenius equation — arsenic — Arthur Harden — Artturi Ilmari Virtanen — Arfvedsonite — Asbestos — Astatine — Astrochemistry — atom — atomic absorption spectroscopy — atomic mass — atomic mass unit — Atomic nucleus — atomic number — Atomic orbital — Atomic radius — Atomic weight — Auger electron spectroscopy — Augite — Axinite — Azurite — Clinoclase is a hydrous copper arsenate mineral, Cu3AsO4(OH)3. ... Chemical structure of acetaldehyde Acetaldehyde, also known as ethanal, is a chemical compound, an aldehyde with formula CH3CHO and structure It is a highly reactive flammable liquid with a strong fruity smell. ... Acetaminophen (USAN) or paracetamol (INN), is a popular analgesic and antipyretic drug that is used for the relief of fever, headaches, and other minor aches and pains. ... Flash point 43 Â°C R-phrases , S-phrases , , , US Permissible exposure limit (PEL) 10 ppm Supplementary data page Structure & properties n, Îµr, etc. ... R-phrases , , , S-phrases , , , Flash point -20 Â°C Autoignition temperature 465 Â°C RTECS number AL31500000 Supplementary data page Structure & properties n, Îµr, etc. ... Acetyl is the radical of acetic acid. ... The chemical compound acetylcholine, often abbreviated as ACh, was the first neurotransmitter to be identified. ... The chemical compound acetylene, also known under IUPAC nomenclature (see IUPAC nomenclature of organic chemistry) as ethyne, was discovered in 1836 by Edmund Davy, in England. ... In databases, ACID stands for Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, and Durability. ... The chemical compound acrylamide (acrylic amide) has the chemical formula C3H5NO and structure Its systematic name is 2-propenamide. ... The actinide series encompasses the 15 chemical elements that lie between actinium and lawrencium on the periodic table with atomic numbers 89 - 103. ... General Name, Symbol, Number actinium, Ac, 89 Chemical series actinides Group, Period, Block 3, 7, f Appearance silvery Atomic mass (227) g/mol Electron configuration [Rn] 6d1 7s2 Electrons per shell 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 9, 2 Physical properties Phase solid Density (near r. ... Well-cleaved, dark, fine-grained chlorite-actinolite metadiabase intrudes light granitic gneiss Actinolite is an inosilicate mineral with the chemical formula Ca2(MgFe)5Si8O22(OH)2 // Mineralogy Actinolite is an intermediate member in a series between tremolite (Mg-rich) and ferro-actinolite (Fe-rich). ... This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ... Adolf Friedrich Johann Butenandt (March 24, 1903 _ January 18, 1995) was a German biochemist. ... Adolf Otto Reinhold Windaus (December 25, 1876 – June 9, 1959) was a significant German chemist. ... Adolph Wilhelm Hermann Kolbe (September 27, 1818 – November 25, 1884) was a chemist. ... Agate is a term applied not to a distinct mineral species, but to an aggregate of various forms of silica, chiefly chalcedony. ... Ahmed Hassan Zewail (Arabic: Ø£ØÙ…Ø¯ Ø²ÙˆÙŠÙ„) (born February 26, 1946) is an Egyptian chemist, and the winner of the 1999 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his work on femtochemistry. ... Alabaster (sometimes called satin spar) is a name applied to varieties of two distinct minerals: gypsum (a hydrous sulfate of calcium) and the calcite (a carbonate of calcium). ... Alan Graham MacDiarmid (24 April 1927 _ ) is a chemist. ... Alan J. Heeger (born 22 January 1936 in Sioux City, Iowa) is a United States chemistry and physicsacademic and nobel prize winner. ... Albertus Magnus (fresco, 1352, Treviso, Italy) Albertus Magnus (1193? â€“ November 15, 1280), also known as Saint Albert the Great and Albert of Cologne, was a Dominican friar who became famous for his universal knowledge and advocacy for the peaceful coexistence of science and religion. ... Feldspar (from the German Feld, field, and Spat, a rock that does not contain ore) is the name of an important group of rock-forming minerals which make up perhaps as much as 60% of the Earths crust. ... Alchemical symbols, originally devised as part of the protoscience of alchemy, were used to denote some elements and some compounds until the 18th century. ... Alchemy is an early protoscientific and philosophical discipline combining elements of chemistry, metallurgy, physics, medicine, astrology, semiotics, mysticism, and art. ... In general usage, alcohol (from Arabic al-kukhul Ø§Ù„ÙƒØÙˆÙ„, al meaning the and kukhul meaning spirit, the chemical) refers almost always to ethanol, also known as grain alcohol, and often to any beverage that contains ethanol (see alcoholic beverage). ... An aldehyde is either a functional group consisting of a terminal carbonyl group or a compound containing a terminal carbonyl group. ... This article or section should be merged with chrysoberyl Alexandrite is a variety of chrysoberyl. ... Alfred Stock (1876-August 1946) was a German inorganic chemist. ... Alfred Werner (December 12, 1866 - November 15, 1919) was a German Nobel prize-winning chemist. ... The term alicyclic compound refers to organic chemical compounds that are both aliphatic and cyclic. ... ... For the battery, see alkaline battery The word alkali can mean:- In chemistry, an alkali is a specific type of base, formed as a carbonate, hydroxide or other ionic salt of an alkali metal or alkali earth metal element. ... The alkali metals are the series of elements in Group 1 (IUPAC style) of the periodic table, excluding hydrogen: that is, lithium (Li), sodium (Na), potassium (K), rubidium (Rb), caesium (Cs), and francium (Fr). ... This article contains information that has not been verified. ... An alkane in organic chemistry simply put means that Reece has a severe Odour problem. ... An alkene in organic chemistry is an unsaturated hydrocarbon containing at least one carbon to carbon double bond. ... This is about the material called amber. ... Allotropy (Gr. ... Example of allotropic materials: graphite vs. ... An alloy is a combination, either in solution or compound, of two or more elements, which has a combination of at least one metal, and where the resultant material has metallic properties. ... A crystal of Alum Alum, in chemistry, is a term given to the crystallized double sulfates of the typical formula M+2SO4Â·M3+2(SO4)3Â·24H2O, where M+ is the sign of an alkali metal (lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, or caesium), and M3+ denotes one of the trivalent metals... This article does not cite its references or sources. ... Aluminium gallium arsenide (also Aluminum gallium arsenide) (AlxGa1-xAs) is a semiconductor with very nearly the same lattice constant as GaAs, but a larger bandgap. ... Aluminium oxide or aluminum oxide is a chemical compound of aluminium and oxygen with the chemical formula Al2O3. ... Alunite, or alumstone, is a mineral that was first observed in the 15th century at Tolfa, near Rome, where it was mined for the manufacture of alum. ... There are parishes that have the name Alvite in Portugal: Alvite, a parish in the municipality of Cabeceiras de Basto Alvite, a parish in the municipality of Moimenta da Beira This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... An amalgam is an alloy of mercury. ... Feldspar (Amazonite) Feldspar (Amazonite) from Jefferson, Colorado Amazonite (sometimes called Amazon stone) is a green variety of microcline feldspar. ... Amber pendants. ... Amblygonite is a fluorophosphate mineral, (Li,Na)AlPO4(F,OH), composed of lithium, sodium, aluminium, phosphate, fluoride and hydroxide. ... Amedeo Avogadro Count Lorenzo Romano Amedeo Carlo Avogadro di Quaregna e Cerreto (August 9, 1776â€“July 9, 1856) was an Italian scientist, most noted for his contributions to the theory of molarity and molecular weight. ... General Name, Symbol, Number americium, Am, 95 Chemical series actinides Group, Period, Block ?, 7, f Appearance silvery white Atomic mass (243) g/mol Electron configuration [Rn] 5f7 7s2 Electrons per shell 2, 8, 18, 32, 25, 8, 2 Physical properties Phase solid Density (near r. ... Amethyst is a violet or purple variety of quartz often used as an ornament. ... In chemistry, the term amide has several meanings. ... Ammonia Amines are organic compounds containing nitrogen as the key atom in the amine functional group. ... In chemistry, an amino acid is any molecule that contains both amino and carboxylic acid functional groups. ... Ammonia is a compound of nitrogen and hydrogen with the formula NH3. ... Fumes from hydrochloric acid and ammonia forming a white cloud of ammonium chloride The Ammonium cation is a positively charged polyatomic ion of the chemical formula NH4+ and a molecular mass of 18. ... The chemical compound ammonium nitrate, the nitrate of ammonia with chemical formula NH4NO3, is commonly used in agriculture as a high-nitrogen fertilizer. ... Ammonium perchlorate is a chemical compound with the formula NH4ClO4. ... For the logical fallacy, see Amphibology. ... Analcim (eng. ... Analcite or analcime (from the Greek analkimos - weak) is a white, grey, or colourless tectosilicate mineral. ... Analytical chemistry is the analysis of material samples to gain an understanding of their chemical composition and structure. ... Anatase is one of the three mineral forms of titanium dioxide. ... Andalusite-cordierite schist (Large brown crystals are Andalusite Andalusite is an alumino-silicate mineral with the chemical formula Al2SiO5. ... A sample of andesite (dark groundmass) with amygdaloidal vesicules filled with zeolite. ... Anglesite specimen in its orthorhombic crystalline form Anglesite is a lead sulfate mineral, PbSO4. ... Anorthite is one of the plagioclase feldspars, an important group of minerals abundant in the Earths crust. ... Feldspar (from the German Feld, field, and Spat, a rock that does not contain ore) is the name of an important group of rock-forming minerals which make up perhaps as much as 60% of the Earths crust. ... Anorthosite is a phaneritic, intrusive igneous rock characterized by a predominance of plagioclase feldspar (90-100%), and a minimal mafic component (0-10%). Pyroxene, ilmenite, magnetite, and olivine are the mafic minerals most commonly present. ... General Name, Symbol, Number antimony, Sb, 51 Chemical series metalloids Group, Period, Block 15, 5, p Appearance silvery lustrous grey Atomic mass 121. ... Antoine-Laurent de Lavoisier (August 26, 1743 â€“ May 8, 1794) was a French nobleman prominent in the histories of chemistry, finance, biology, and economics. ... Apatite is a group of minerals, usually referring to: hydroxylapatite, fluorapatite, and chlorapatite, named for high concentrations of OH-, F-, or Cl- ions, respectively, in the crystal lattice. ... Aquamarine (Lat. ... Aragonite Aragonite is a polymorph of the mineral calcite, both having the chemical composition CaCO3. ... Archer John Porter Martin was a British chemist and Nobel Prize winner. ... An aromatic hydrocarbon (abbreviated as AH), or arene is a hydrocarbon, the molecular structure of which incorporates one or more planar sets of six carbon atoms that are connected by delocalised electrons numbering the same as if they consisted of alternating single and double covalent bonds. ... General Name, Symbol, Number argon, Ar, 18 Chemical series noble gases Group, Period, Block 18, 3, p Appearance colorless Atomic mass 39. ... Arne Wilhelm Kaurin Tiselius (Stockholm 10 August 1902 – Uppsala 29 October 1971), Swedish biochemist. ... An aromatic amine is an amine with an aromatic substituent - that is -NH2, -NH- or nitrogen group(s) attached to an aromatic hydrocarbon, whose structure usually contains one or more benzene rings. ... The term aromatic compound may also refer to: any organic compound possessing a strong olfactory aroma aromatic hydrocarbons (originally named as a subset of the above; however, aromatic hydrocarbons do not necessarily possess any smell whatsoever) ... The Arrhenius equation predicts the rate of a chemical reaction at a certain temperature, given the activation energy and chance of successful collision of molecules. ... General Name, Symbol, Number arsenic, As, 33 Chemical series metalloids Group, Period, Block 15, 4, p Appearance metallic gray Atomic mass 74. ... Arthur Harden (October 12, 1865 – June 17, 1940) was an English biochemist. ... Artturi Ilmari Virtanen (IPA: ) (January 15, 1895 â€“ November 11, 1973) was a Finnish chemist and recipient of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry. ... Arfvedsonite is a sodium amphibole mineral with composition: Na3(Fe,Mg)4FeSi8O22(OH)2: sodium, iron, magnesium, inosilicate, hydroxide. ... Fibrous asbestos on muscovite Asbestos Asbestos Asbestos (a misapplication of Latin: asbestos quicklime from Greek á¼„ÏƒÎ²ÎµÏƒÏ„Î¿Ï‚: a-, not; sbestos, extinguishable) describes any of a group of fibrous metamorphic minerals of the hydrous magnesium silicate variety. ... General Name, Symbol, Number astatine, At, 85 Chemical series halogens Group, Period, Block 17, 6, p Appearance metallic Atomic mass (210) g/mol Electron configuration [Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p5 Electrons per shell 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 7 Physical properties Phase solid Melting point 575 K (302 Â°C, 576... Astrochemistry is the study of the chemicals found in outer space, usually in molecular gas clouds, and their formation, interaction and destruction. ... Properties An atom (Greek Î¬Ï„Î¿Î¼Î¿Î½ from Î¬: non and Ï„Î¿Î¼Î¿Î½: divisible) is a submicroscopic structure found in all ordinary matter. ... Atomic absorption spectroscopy in analytical chemistry is a technique for determining the concentration of a particular metal element within a sample. ... The atomic mass of a chemical element (also known as the relative atomic mass or average atomic mass or atomic weight) is the average atomic mass of all the chemical elements isotopes as found in a particular environment, weighted by isotopic abundance. ... AMU redirects here, but may also refer to the Arab Maghreb Union The unified atomic mass unit (u), or dalton (Da), is a small unit of mass used to express atomic masses and molecular masses. ... A stylized representation of a lithium atom. ... The atomic number (Z) is a term used in chemistry and physics to represent the number of protons found in the nucleus of an atom. ... Electron atomic and molecular orbitals A less formal description of the electrons in atoms can be found at Electron configuration. ... The hot butt sexis the distance from the atomic nucleus to the outmost stable electron orbital in a atom that is at equilibrium. ... ... Auger electron spectroscopy is an analytical technique in surface chemistry and materials science. ... Augite is a mafic mineral described chemically as (Ca, Na)(Mg, Fe, Al)(Al, Si)2O6 or calcium sodium magnesium iron aluminium silicate. ... Axinite is a blue, violet-blue, brownish or reddish-brown mineral composed of calcium aluminum boro-silicate, (Ca,Fe,Mn)3Al2BO3Si4O12OH. Axinite is pyroelectric and piezoelectric Categories: Mineral stubs | Silicate minerals ... Azurite Azurite ground as a pigment Azurite crystals Azurite is a carbonate mineral with chemical composition Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2, (copper carbonate hydroxide). ...

B

Baddeleyite — Barite — Barium — barometer — Basalt — base — Bastnasite — battery — Bauxite — Beckerite — Benzene — benzene ring — Berkelium — Beryl — Beryllium — bicarbonate — bioaccumulate — biochemistry — Bioinformatics — Biotite — Bismuth — Boehmite — Bohr model — Bohrium — Boiling point — Borax — Boric acid — Bornite — boron — Boron group — Boron nitride — brain — brass — breasts* — bromine — Brucite — Buffer solution — Bunsen burner — Burette — Burmite — Butane — Bytownite — Baddeleyite is a mineral that consists of zirconia (ZrO2). ... Baryte with Cerussite from Morocco Baryte with Galena and Hematite from Poland Barite (BaSO4) is a mineral consisting of barium sulfate. ... General Name, Symbol, Number barium, Ba, 56 Chemical series alkaline earth metals Group, Period, Block 2, 6, s Appearance silvery white Atomic mass 137. ... Schematic drawing of a simple mercury barometer with vertical mercury column and reservoir at base A barometer is an instrument used to measure atmospheric pressure. ... Basalt Basalt is an extrusive igneous rock, sometimes porphyritic, and is often both fine-grained and dense. ... The common (Arrhenius) definition of a base is a chemical compound that absorbs hydronium ions when dissolved in water (a proton acceptor). ... In geology, the mineral bastnasite is one of a family of three carbonate-fluoride minerals. ... Four double-A (AA) rechargeable batteries In science and technology, a battery is a device that stores energy and makes it available in an electrical form. ... Bauxite Bauxite is a naturally occurring, heterogeneous material composed primarily of one or more aluminium hydroxide minerals, plus various mixtures of silica, iron oxide, titania, aluminium silicates, and other impurities in minor or trace amounts. ... This is about the material called amber. ... Benzene, also known as C6H6, PhH, and benzol, is an organic chemical compound which is a colorless and flammable liquid with a pleasant, sweet smell. ... Benzene, C6H6, PhH, or benzol is a colorless and flammable liquid with a pleasant, sweet smell. ... General Name, Symbol, Number berkelium, Bk, 97 Chemical series actinides Group, Period, Block ?, 7, f Appearance unknown, probably silvery white or metallic gray Atomic mass (247) g/mol Electron configuration [Rn] 5f9 7s2 Electrons per shell 2, 8, 18, 32, 27, 8, 2 Physical properties Phase solid Density (near r. ... This article is about the mineral, for the rifle see Beryl assault rifle. ... General Name, Symbol, Number beryllium, Be, 4 Chemical series alkaline earth metals Group, Period, Block 2, 2, s Appearance white-gray metallic Atomic mass 9. ... This refers to the bicarbonate ion, for baking soda, see Sodium bicarbonate. ... To bioaccumulate literally means to accumulate in a biological system. ... Biochemistry the chemistry of life, a bridge between biology and chemistry that studies how complex chemical reactions give rise to life. ... Bioinformatics or Computational Biology is the use of techniques from applied mathematics, informatics, statistics, and computer science to solve biological problems. ... A Biotite slice Biotite is a common phyllosilicate mineral that contains potassium, magnesium, iron and aluminium. ... General Name, Symbol, Number bismuth, Bi, 83 Chemical series poor metals Group, Period, Block 15, 6, p Appearance lustrous reddish white Atomic mass 208. ... Diaspore is a native aluminium hydroxide, AlO(OH), crystallizing in the orthorhombic system and isomorphous with goethite and manganite. ... The Bohr model of the atom In atomic physics, the Bohr model depicts the atom as a small, positively charged nucleus surrounded by electrons in orbit - similar in structure to the solar system, but with electrostatic forces providing attraction, rather than gravity. ... General Name, Symbol, Number bohrium, Bh, 107 Chemical series transition metals Group, Period, Block 7, 7, d Appearance unknown, probably silvery white or metallic gray Atomic mass (264) g/mol Electron configuration perhaps [Rn] 5f14 6d5 7s2 (guess based on rhenium) Electrons per shell 2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 13... It has been suggested that Saturation temperature be merged into this article or section. ... Borax is a somewhat generic name used to describe a number of closely related minerals or chemical compounds: anhydrous borax (Na2B4O7) borax pentahydrate (Na2B4O7 Â· 5H2O) borax decahydrate (Na2B4O7 Â· 10H2O) The borax term is most usually used to describe borax decahydrate. ... Boric acid, also called boracic acid or orthoboric acid, is a mild acid often used as an antiseptic, insecticide, flame retardant, and as a precursor of other chemical compounds. ... Bornite (Copper Iron Sulfide) Tarnish of Bornite Bornite is a sulfide mineral with chemical composition Cu5FeS4 that crystallizes in the cubic system. ... General Name, Symbol, Number boron, B, 5 Chemical series metalloids Group, Period, Block 13, 2, p Appearance black/brown Atomic mass 10. ... The Boron group is the series of elements in group 13 (IUPAC style) in the periodic table. ... Boron nitride is a binary chemical compound, consisting of equal proportions of boron and nitrogen, with formula BN. Structurally, it is isoelectronic to carbon and takes on similar physical forms: a hexagonal, graphite-like one, and a cubic, diamond-like one. ... Comparative brain sizes In the anatomy of animals, the brain, or encephalon (Greek for in the head), is the higher, supervisory center of the nervous system. ... Brass is an alloy of copper and zinc (a copper alloy), a solid solution. ... The term breasts can refer to: Plural of breast. ... General Name, Symbol, Number bromine, Br, 35 Chemical series halogens Group, Period, Block 17, 4, p Appearance gas/liquid: red-brown solid: metallic luster Atomic mass 79. ... Brucite is the mineral form of magnesium hydroxide, with the chemical formula Mg(OH)2. ... Buffer solutions are solutions which resist change in pH upon addition of small amounts of acid or base. ... A bunsen burner with needle valve. ... A closeup of a burette showing the stopcock A burette (also buret) is a vertical cylindrical piece of laboratory glassware with a volumetric graduation on its full length and a precision tap, or stopcock, on the bottom. ... This is about the material called amber. ... Butane, also called n-butane, is the unbranched alkane with four carbon atoms, CH3CH2CH2CH3. ... Feldspar (from the German Feld, field, and Spat, a rock that does not contain ore) is the name of an important group of rock-forming minerals which make up perhaps as much as 60% of the Earths crust. ...

Breasts

Image File history File links Breasts4. ... Image File history File links Breastsincontext. ... Image File history File links Female breasts, own photo File links The following pages link to this file: Breast ... Image File history File links Female breasts, own photography File links The following pages link to this file: Breast ... Image File history File links Female Breasts, own photo File links The following pages link to this file: Breast ... Image File history File links Female breasts, own photo File links The following pages link to this file: Breast ... Image File history File links Flashergrl. ...

C

cadmium — Calamine — Calcite — Calcium — Calcium carbonate — Calcium oxide — Californium — calomel — Calorimeter — Canfieldite — Carbohydrate — carbon — carbon dioxide — Carbon group — carbon monoxide — carbonate — carbonation — Carbonic acid — carbonyl — carboxylic acid — Carl Bosch — Carl Remigius Fresenius — Carl Wilhelm Scheele — Carnallite — Carnelian — Carnotite — CAS registry number — Cassiterite — catalyst — Cationic — caustic soda — Celadonite — Celestite — Celsius — central nervous system — Cerium — Cerussite — Caesium — Chabasite — Chalcedony — Chalcogen — Chalcopyrite — Chalcosine — Chalk — Charles J. Pedersen — Chemical bond — chemical element — Chemical elements named after people — Chemical elements named after places — Chemical engineering — Chemical equilibrium — chemical formula — Chemical nomenclature — chemical property — Chemical reaction — Chemical series — Chemical thermodynamics — Cheminformatics — chemist — chemistry — Chemistry basic topics — Chirality — Chloride — Chlorin — chlorine — Chlorite — chocolate — Christian B. Anfinsen — Chromatography — Chromite — Chromium — Chrysoberyl — Chrysolite — cinnabar — Cinnabarite — Citric acid — Citrine quartz — Clay — Cleveite — Coal — Cobalt — Coinage metal — Colemantite — colloid — color — Colorimeter — Coltan — Columbite — Combinatorial chemistry — complex — compound — computational chemistry — Concentration — condensation polymer — Condensation reaction — Cooperite — Copper — corderoite — Cordierite — Corrin — corrosion — Corundum — cosmetics — covalent bond — Covalent radius — Coveline — Crocidolite — Crooksite — Cryolite — crystal — Crystal structure — cubic metre per mole — Cumene process — Cuprite — Curium — cyanide — Cyclopentadiene — Cylindrite — Cymophane — Cytosine — General Name, Symbol, Number cadmium, Cd, 48 Chemical series transition metals Group, Period, Block 12, 5, d Appearance silvery gray metallic Atomic mass 112. ... Calamine is the common name for an ore of zinc. ... Calcite from Brushy Creek Mine, Missouri, USA. The carbonate mineral calcite is a calcium carbonate corresponding to the formula CaCO3 and is one of the most widely distributed minerals on the Earths surface. ... General Name, Symbol, Number calcium, Ca, 20 Chemical series alkaline earth metals Group, Period, Block 2, 4, s Appearance silvery white Atomic mass 40. ... Calcium carbonate is a chemical compound, with chemical formula CaCO3. ... Calcium oxide (CaO), commonly known as lime, quicklime or burnt lime, is a widely used chemical compound. ... General Name, Symbol, Number californium, Cf, 98 Chemical series actinides Group, Period, Block ?, 7, f Appearance unknown, probably silvery white or metallic gray Atomic mass (251) g/mol Electron configuration [Rn] 5f10 7s2 Electrons per shell 2, 8, 18, 32, 28, 8, 2 Physical properties Phase solid Density (near r. ... Calomel (chemical formula Hg2Cl2) is a mild chloride of mercury, a heavy, white or yellowish white substance, insoluble and tasteless, much used in medicine as a mercurial and purgative; mercurous chloride. ... A calorimeter is a device used for calorimetry, the science of measuring the heat of chemical reactions or physical changes. ... Canfieldite is a rare silver tin sulfide mineral with formula: Ag8SnS6. ... Carbohydrates are chemical compounds that contain oxygen, hydrogen, and carbon atoms. ... General Name, Symbol, Number carbon, C, 6 Chemical series nonmetals Group, Period, Block 14, 2, p Appearance black (graphite) colorless (diamond) Atomic mass 12. ... Carbon dioxide is an atmospheric gas comprised of one carbon and two oxygen atoms. ... The carbon group is group 14 (IUPAC style) in the periodic table. ... Carbon monoxide, chemical formula CO, is a colourless, odourless, flammable and highly toxic gas. ... Carbonate is an anion with a charge of -2 and an empirical formula of CO32-. For an aqueous solution, carbonate exists in three forms. ... Carbonated bubbles in a soda float to the surface. ... Carbonic acid is a carbon-containing acid with the formula H2CO3. ... In organic chemistry, a carbonyl group is a functional group composed of a carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom. ... Structure of a carboxylic acid Carboxylic acids are organic acids characterized by the presence of a carboxyl group, which has the formula -C(=O)-OH, usually written as COOH. In general, the salts and anions of carboxylic acids are called carboxylates. ... Carl Bosch (August 27, 1874 - April 26, 1940) was a German chemist and engineer. ... Carl Remigius Fresenius (1818-1897), German chemist, was born at Frankfurt on December 28, 1818. ... Carl Wilhelm Scheele Scheeles house with his pharmacy in KÃ¶ping. ... CarnalliteBold text ... Imprint of a carnelian seal with Brahmi inscription Kusumadasasya (Flowers servant). 4-5th century CE, probably Punjab. ... Carnotite is a potassium uranium vanadate mineral with chemical formula: K2(UO2)2(VO4)2Â·3H2O. The water content can vary and small amounts of calcium, barium, magnesium, iron, and sodium are often present. ... CAS registry numbers are unique numerical identifiers for chemical compounds, polymers, biological sequences, mixtures and alloys. ... Cassiterite is a tin oxide mineral, SnO2. ... A catalyst (Greek: ÎºÎ±Ï„Î±Î»ÏÏ„Î·Ï‚, catalytÄ“s) is a substance that accelerates the rate (speed) of a chemical reaction without itself being transformed or consumed by the reaction (see also catalysis). ... In chemistry, a cationic species is one that contains a full positive charge. ... Sodium hydroxide (NaOH), also known as caustic soda or lye in North America, is a caustic metallic base used in industry (mostly as a strong chemical base) in the manufacture of paper, textiles, and detergents. ... Celadonite is a mica group mineral, a phyllosilicate of potassium, iron in both oxidation states, aluminium and hydroxide with formula: K(Mg,Fe2+)(Fe3+,Al)[Si4O10](OH)2. ... Clear grey-blue celestite crystal crust from Madagascar Celestine from the Machow Mine, Poland. ... The degree Celsius (Â°C) is a unit of temperature named after the Swedish astronomer Anders Celsius (1701â€“1744), who first proposed a similar system in 1742. ... A diagram showing the CNS: 1. ... General Name, Symbol, Number cerium, Ce, 58 Chemical series lanthanides Group, Period, Block ?, 6, f Appearance silvery white Atomic mass 140. ... Sample of cerussite-bearing quartzite Cerussite (also known as Horn silver, Lead carbonate, White lead ore) is a mineral consisting of lead carbonate (PbCO3), and an important ore of lead. ... General Name, Symbol, Number caesium, Cs, 55 Chemical series alkali metals Group, Period, Block 1, 6, s Appearance silvery gold Atomic mass 132. ... Chabasite is a mineral belonging to the Zeolite group of minerals. ... Chalcedony Knife, AD 1000-1200 Chalcedony is one of the cryptocrystalline varieties of the mineral quartz, having a waxy luster. ... The chalcogens (with the ch pronounced with a hard c as in chemistry) are the name for the periodic table group 16 (old-style: VIB or VIA) in the periodic table. ... Chalcopyrite is a copper iron sulfide mineral that crystallizes in the tetragonal system. ... The Needles, part of the extensive Southern England Chalk Formation Chalk is a soft, white, porous form of limestone composed of the mineral calcium carbonate. ... Charles J. Pedersen (October 3, 1904â€“October 26, 1989) was an American organic chemist best known for describing methods of synthesizing crown ethers. ... A chemical bond is the phenomenon of atoms being held together in molecules, crystals or in solid metal. ... A chemical element, often called simply element, is a chemical substance that cannot be divided or changed into other chemical substances by any ordinary chemical technique. ... This is a list of chemical elements named after people. ... This is a list of chemical elements named after places. ... Chemical engineering is the application of science, in particular chemistry, along with mathematics and economics to the process of converting raw materials or chemicals into more useful or valuable forms. ... Chemical equilibrium is the state in which a chemical reaction proceeds at the same rate as its reverse reaction; the rates of the forward and reverse reactions are equal, and the concentration of the reactants and products stop changing. ... A chemical formula (also called molecular formula) is a concise way of expressing information about the atoms that constitute a particular chemical compound. ... Chemical nomenclature is the system for naming chemical compounds. ... The phrase Chemical property is context driven, but generally refers to the materials behaviour at standard conditions ( room temperature, 1 atmosphere pressure, oxygen bearing atmosphere). ... A chemical reaction is a process that results in the interconversion of Chemical substances . ... A chemical series is a group of chemical elements whose physical and chemical characteristics vary progressively from one end of the series to another. ... Thermochemistry is the application of thermodynamics to chemistry. ... Cheminformatics is the use of computer and informational techniques, applied to a range of problems in the field of chemistry. ... Look up chemist on Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... // Introduction The fundamental component of chemistry is that it involves matter in some way (this explains its broad reach). ... These should be the most basic topics in the field--topics about which wed like to have articles soon. ... In chemistry, a molecule is chiral if it is not superimposable on its mirror image regardless of how it is contorted. ... The chloride ion is formed when the element chlorine picks up one electron to form the anion (negatively charged ion) Clâˆ’. The salts of hydrochloric acid HCl contain chloride ions and are also called chlorides. ... In organic chemistry, a chlorin is a large heterocyclic aromatic ring consisting, at the core, of 3 pyrroles and one reduced pyrrole coupled through 4 methine linkages. ... General Name, Symbol, Number chlorine, Cl, 17 Chemical series halogens Group, Period, Block 17, 3, p Appearance yellowish green Atomic mass 35. ... This discusses some chlorine compounds. ... Chocolate comes in dark, milk, and white varieties with cocoa solids contributing to the brown coloration. ... Christian Boehmer Anfinsen, Jr. ... Chromatography is a family of analytical chemistry techniques for the separation of mixtures. ... Chromite, iron magnesium chromium oxide: (Fe,Mg)Cr2O4, is an oxide mineral belonging to the spinel group. ... General Name, Symbol, Number chromium, Cr, 24 Chemical series transition metals Group, Period, Block 6, 4, d Appearance silvery metallic Atomic mass 51. ... The mineral or gemstone chrysoberyl, not to be confused with beryl, is an aluminate of beryllium with the formula BeAl2O4. ... Olivine The mineral olivine is a magnesium iron silicate with the formula (Mg,Fe)2SiO4 in which the ratio of magnesium and iron varies between the two endmembers of the series: forsterite (Mg-rich) and fayalite (Fe-rich). ... Cinnabar (German Zinnober), sometimes written cinnabarite, is a name applied to red mercury(II) sulfide (HgS), or native vermilion, the common ore of mercury. ... Cinnabar (German Zinnober), sometimes written cinnabarite, is a name applied to red mercury (II) sulfide (HgS), or native vermilion, the common ore of mercury. ... Citric acid is a weak organic acid found in citrus fruits. ... Quaternary clay in Estonia. ... Cleveite is a radioactive mineral containing uranium and found in Norway. ... Coal is a fossil fuel extracted from the ground by underground mining or open-pit mining (strip mining). ... General Name, Symbol, Number cobalt, Co, 27 Chemical series transition metals Group, Period, Block 9, 4, d Appearance metallic with gray tinge Atomic mass 58. ... The Group 11 Elements (IB) of the periodic table consist of the traditional coinage metals of copper, silver, and gold. ... In general, a colloid or colloidal dispersion is a two-phase system of matter; a type of mixture intermediate between homogeneous solution and heterogeneous mixtures with properties also intermediate between a solution and a mixture. ... Color is an important part of the visual arts. ... A colorimeter is generally any tool that characterizes colour samples to provide an objective measure of colour characteristics. ... Coltan (columbite-tantalite) is a black tar-like mineral. ... Ferrocolumbite, also called niobite, columbate and columbite [(Fe, Mn)(Nb, Ta)2O6] is a black mineral that is an ore of niobium and tantalum. ... Combinatorial chemistry involves the rapid synthesis and/or the computer simulation of a large number of different but structurally related molecules. ... A complex in chemistry is a reversible association of molecules, atoms, or ions through weak non-covalent chemical bonds. ... A chemical compound is a chemical substance formed from two or more elements, with a fixed ratio determining the composition. ... Computational chemistry is a branch of theoretical chemistry whose major goals are to create efficient mathematical approximations and computer programs that calculate the properties of molecules (such as total energy, dipole and quadrupole moment, vibrational frequencies, reactivity and other diverse spectroscopic quantitities and cross sections for collision of molecules with... Concentration is a very common concept used in chemistry and related fields. ... This article is in need of attention. ... A condensation reaction (also known as a dehydration reaction or dehydration synthesis when water is lost) is a chemical reaction in which two molecules or moieties react and become covalently bonded to one another by the concurrent loss of a small molecule, often water or methanol. ... Cooperite is a grey mineral consisting of platinum sulfide (PtS), general in combinations with sulfides of other elements such as palladium and nickel (PdS and NiS). ... General Name, Symbol, Number copper, Cu, 29 Chemical series transition metals Group, Period, Block 11, 4, d Appearance metallic brown Atomic mass 63. ... Cordierite is a cyclosilicate of magnesium and aluminium. ... A corrin is a polyaromatic ring related to the porphyrin ring in hemoglobin, consisting of 4 pyrrole subunits, joined on opposite sides by a C-CH3 methylene link, on one side by a C-H methylene link, and with the two of the pyrroles joined directly. ... Corrosion, atmospheric and biologic (Barnacles) Corrosion is deterioration of useful properties in a material due to reactions with its environment. ... Corundum is the crystalline form of aluminium oxide and one of the rock-forming minerals. ... Closeup of a womans eye while wearing makeup Cosmetics or makeup are substances to enhance the beauty of the human body, apart from simple cleaning. ... Covalently bonded hydrogen and carbon in a molecule of methane. ... Covalent radius in chemistry corresponds to half of the distance between two identical atomic nuclei, bound by a covalent bond. ... Amphibole (Hornblende) Amphibole defines an important group of dark-colored rock-forming inosilicate minerals composed of double chain SiO4 tetrahedra linked at the vertices and generally containing ions of iron and/ or magnesium in their structures. ... The cryolite Ivgtut, Greenland, summer 1940 Cryolite (Na3AlF6, sodium hexafluoroaluminate. ... Quartz crystal A crystal is a solid in which the constituent atoms, molecules, or ions are packed in a regularly ordered, repeating pattern extending in all three spatial dimensions. ... Rose des Sables (Sand Rose), formed of gypsum crystals In mineralogy and crystallography, a crystal structure is a unique arrangement of atoms in a crystal. ... In chemistry, the molar volume of a substance is the ratio of the volume of a sample of that substance to the amount of substance (usually in mole) in the sample. ... Cumene process is an industrial process of producing phenol (C6H5-OH) and acetone (CH3-CO-CH3) from benzene (C6H6) and propene (C3H6). ... Cuprite Cuprite is a mineral composed of copper(I) oxide Cu2O, and is an important ore of copper. ... General Name, Symbol, Number curium, Cm, 96 Chemical series actinides Group, Period, Block ?, 7, f Appearance silvery Atomic mass (247) g/mol Electron configuration [Rn] 5f7 6d1 7s2 Electrons per shell 2, 8, 18, 32, 25, 9, 2 Physical properties Phase solid Density (near r. ... A cyanide is any chemical compound that contains the cyano group Câ‰¡N, with the carbon atom triple-bonded to the nitrogen atom. ... Cyclopentadiene, with molecular formula C5H6, is a clear, colorless, liquid organic chemical, with an odor reminiscent of turpentine or camphor. ... The mineral or gemstone chrysoberyl, not to be confused with beryl, is an aluminate of beryllium with the formula BeAl2O4. ... Cytosine is one of the 5 main nucleobases used in storing and transporting genetic information within a cell in the nucleic acids DNA and RNA. It is a pyrimidine derivative, with a heterocyclic aromatic ring and two substituents attached (an amine group at position 4 and a keto group at...

D

d block — d-block — Darmstadtium — Datolite — decay energy — decay mode — decay product — decomposition temperature — Delessite — Density — Deposition — Derek Harold Richard Barton — Deuterium — diamond — Diaspore — Diatomite — diffusion pump — Diopside — Diorite — Dipole — Discovery of the chemical elements — Distillation — Dmitriy Mendeleyev — Dolomite — Donald J. Cram — Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin — Dubnium — Dudley R. Herschbach — Dysprosium ... D Block is a rap group based in Yonkers, New York. ... Known properties Name, Symbol, Number Darmstadtium, Ds, 110 Chemical series Transition metals Group, Period, Block 10, 7, d Appearance unknown Atomic weight From [267] amu to [281] amu Electron configuration probably [Rn] 5f14 6d9 7s1 a guess based upon platinum e- s per energy level 2, 8, 18, 32, 32... A borosilicate of lime commonly occuring in glassy, greenish crystals. ... The decay energy is the energy released by a nuclear decay. ... In physics, the decay mode describes a particular way a particle decays. ... In nuclear physics, a decay product, also known as a daughter product, is a nuclide resulting from the radioactive decay of a parent or precursor nuclide. ... The Decomposition Temperature of a substance is the temperature at which the substance decomposes into smaller substances or into its constituent atoms. ... Density (symbol: Ï - Greek: rho) is the concentration of matter, or, a measure of mass per unit of volume. ... Deposition is a term used in chemistry to describe the settling of particles or sediment from a solution or suspension mixture, or the production of a solid on a pre-existing surface. ... Sir Derek Harold Richard Barton was a British physical chemist and Nobel Prize Laureate. ... Deuterium, also called heavy hydrogen, is a stable isotope of hydrogen with a natural abundance of one atom in 6500 of hydrogen. ... A scattering of round-brilliant cut diamonds shows off the many reflecting facets. ... For the plant structure, see Spore Diaspore from Slovakia Diaspore is a native aluminium hydroxide, AlO(OH), crystallizing in the orthorhombic system and isomorphous with goethite and manganite. ... Diatomaceous earth (also known as diatomite, DE or kieselguhr) is a naturally occurring, light-colored, solid material that is easily crumbled into a fine dust. ... Diffusion pumps are a type of vacuum pump designed to achieve better vacuum pressures than possible by use of mechanical pumps alone. ... Diopside is a monoclinic pyroxene mineral with composition MgCaSi2O6. ... Categories: Mineral stubs | Igneous rocks ... The Earths magnetic field, which is approximately a dipole. ... This article or section should be merged with Timeline of chemical element discovery The story of the discoveries of the chemical elements is presented here in chronological order. ... Strathisla whisky distillery in Keith, Scotland Distillation is a means of separating liquids through differences in their vapor pressures. ... Portrait of Dmitri Mendeleyev by Ilya Repin Dmitriy Ivanovich Mendeleyev (Russian: â–¶(?)) (8 February [O.S. 27 January] 1834 in Tobolsk â€“ 2 February [O.S. 20 January] 1907 in Saint Petersburg), was a Russian chemist. ... Dolomite crystals from Touissite, Morocco Dolomite is the name of both a carbonate rock and a mineral (formula: CaMg(CO3)2) consisting of a calcium magnesium carbonate found in crystals. ... Donald James Cram (April 22, 1919 â€“ June 17, 2001) was an American chemist who shared the 1987 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for â€œsynthesizing three-dimensional molecules that could mimic the functioning of natural molecules. ... Dorothy Mary Crowfoot Hodgkin, OM , FRS (May 12, 1910 â€“ July 29, 1994) was a British scientist, born Dorothy Mary Crowfoot in Cairo. ... General Name, Symbol, Number dubnium, Db, 105 Chemical series transition metals Group, Period, Block 5, 7, d Appearance unknown, probably silvery white or metallic gray Atomic mass (262) g/mol Electron configuration perhaps [Rn] 5f14 6d3 7s2 (guess based on tantalum) Electrons per shell 2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 11... Dudley Robert Herschbach (born June 18, 1932), a chemist and Frank B. Baird Jr. ... General Name, Symbol, Number dysprosium, Dy, 66 Chemical series lanthanides Group, Period, Block ?, 6, f Appearance silvery white Atomic mass 162. ...

E

Eduard Buchner — Edwin Mattison McMillan — Einsteinium — Electrical conductivity — electricity — Electrochemical cell — Electrochemistry — electrode — Electrode potential — electrolysis — Electrolyte — Electrolytic cell — electromagnetic spectroscopy — electron — electron capture — electron configuration — electron shell — electron volt — electronegativity — electrophile — element — element symbol — Elements song — Elias James Corey — Emerald — Emil Hermann Fischer — Emil Knoevenagel — emulsion — energy level — Enthalpy — Entropy — environmental chemistry — Enzyme — Epidiorite — Epinephrine — Epoxyethane — Epsom salt — Erbium — Ernest Rutherford — Ernst Otto Fischer — ester — Ethanol — ethene — ether — Europium — Euxenite — explosive — Eduard Buchner (May 20, 1860 -- August 12, 1917) was a German chemist and zymologist, the winner of the 1907 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his work on fermentation. ... Edwin Mattison McMillan (September 18, 1907-September 7, 1991) was the first scientist to produce a transuranium element. ... General Name, Symbol, Number einsteinium, Es, 99 Chemical series actinides Group, Period, Block ?, 7, f Appearance unknown, probably silvery white or metallic gray Atomic mass (252) g/mol Electron configuration [Rn] 5f11 7s2 Electrons per shell 2, 8, 18, 32, 29, 8, 2 Physical properties Phase solid Density (near r. ... Electrical conductivity is a measure of how well a material accommodates the transport of electric charge. ... Electricity is a property of matter that results from the presence of electric charge. ... An electrochemical cell is a setup used for creating an electromotive force(voltage) in a conductor separating two reactions. ... Electrochemistry is the science of the reactions that can take place at the interface of an electronic conductor (the electrode, which can be a metal or a semiconductor including graphite) and an ionic conductor (the electrolyte). ... An electrode is a conductor used to make contact with a nonmetallic part of a circuit (e. ... This article may be too technical for most readers to understand. ... In chemistry and manufacturing, electrolysis is a method of separating bonded elements and compounds by passing an electric current through them. ... An electrolyte is a substance which dissociates free ions when dissolved (or molten), to produce an electrically conductive medium. ... Electrolytic cells are composed of an electrolyte (usually water or another solvent capable of dissolving various ions of interest), a cathode and an anode. ... Electromagnetic spectroscopy a. ... Properties The electron is a fundamental subatomic particle which carries a negative electric charge. ... Electron capture is a decay mode for chemical elements that will occur when there are too many protons in the nucleus of an atom, and there isnt enough energy to emit a positron; however, it continues to be a viable decay mode for radioactive elements that can decay by... Electron atomic and molecular orbitals In atomic physics, the electron configuration is the arrangement of electrons in an atom, molecule or other body. ... In atomic physics, an electron shell is a group of atomic orbitals with the same value of the principal quantum number n. ... An electronvolt (symbol: eV) is the amount of energy gained by a single unbound electron when it falls through an electrostatic potential difference of one volt. ... Electronegativity is a measure of the ability of an atom or molecule to attract electrons in the context of a chemical bond. ... In chemistry, an electrophile (literally electron-lover) is a reagent attracted to electrons that participates in a chemical reaction by accepting an electron pair in order to bond to a nucleophile. ... A chemical element, often called simply element, is a chemical substance that cannot be divided or changed into other chemical substances by any ordinary chemical technique. ... A chemical symbol is an abbreviation or short representation of the name of a chemical element. ... The Elements (1959) is a song by Tom Lehrer that recites the names of all the chemical elements that were known at the time of writing, up to number 102, nobelium. ... Elias James Corey (born July 12, 1928) is an American organic chemist. ... For other things of this name, see Emerald (disambiguation). ... Hermann Emil Fischer (October 9, 1852 - July 15, 1919) was a German chemist and recipient of the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1902. ... Heinrich Emil Albert Knoevenagel ( 18 June 1865 - 11 August 1921) was the German chemist who established the Knoevenagel condensation reaction. The Knoevenagel condensation reaction of benzaldehydes with nitroalkanes is a classic general method for the preparation of nitroalkenes, which are very valuable synthetic intermediates. ... A. Two immisicble liquids, not emulsified; B. An emulsion of Phase B dispersed in Phase A; C. The unstable emulsion progressively separates; D. The (purple) surfactant positions itself on the interfaces between Phase A and Phase B, stabilizing the emulsion An emulsion is a mixture of two immiscible (unblendable) substances. ... A quantum mechanical system can only be in certain states, so that only certain energy levels are possible. ... Enthalpy (symbolized H, also called heat content) is the sum of the internal energy of matter and the product of its volume multiplied by the pressure. ... For other senses of the term entropy, see entropy (disambiguation). ... Environmental chemistry is the scientific study of the chemical and biochemical phenomena that occur in natural places. ... Ribbon diagram of the catalytically perfect enzyme TIM. An enzyme is a protein that catalyzes, or speeds up, a chemical reaction. ... Epidiorite is a family of rocks consisting of metamorphosed forms of gabbro or diabase in which the original clinopyroxene (most often augite) has been replaced by the fibrous amphibole uralite. ... Epinephrine (INN) or adrenaline (BAN) is a hormone and a neurotransmitter of molecular weight 183. ... Epoxyethane is similar to ethene, with the exception that it does not have a double bond. ... Magnesium sulfate (commonly called Epsom salts in hydrated form) is a chemical compound with the formula MgSO4·7H2O. Origin Epsom salt was originally prepared by boiling down mineral waters at Epsom, England and afterwards prepared from sea water. ... General Name, Symbol, Number Erbium, Er, 68 Chemical series Lanthanides Group, Period, Block NA, 6, f Density, Hardness 9066 kg/m3, ND Appearance silvery white Atomic properties Atomic weight 167. ... Ernest Rutherford, 1st Baron Rutherford of Nelson, OM, FRS (August 30, 1871 - October 19, 1937), called father of nuclear physics, pioneered the orbital theory of the atom notably in his discovery of rutherford scattering off the nucleus with his gold foil experiment. ... Ernst Otto Fischer is a German chemist. ... General formula of an ester of a carboxylic acid. ... This article has been identified as possibly containing errors. ... Ethylene or ethene is the simplest alkene hydrocarbon, consisting of two carbon atoms and four hydrogens. ... Ether is the general name for a class of chemical compounds which contain an ether group â€” an oxygen atom connected to two (substituted) alkyl groups. ... General Name, Symbol, Number Europium, Eu, 63 Chemical series Lanthanides Group, Period, Block _, 6, f Density, Hardness 5244 kg/m3, no data Appearance silvery white Atomic properties Atomic weight 151. ... Euxenite or euxenite-Y is a brownish black mineral with a metallic luster, found in Norway. ... This article is concerned solely with chemical explosives. ...

F

f block — f-orbital — F. Sherwood Rowland — Fahrenheit — Fat — Feldspar — Felsic — Ferberite — Fergusonite — Fermium — Ferrocene — Filtration — Flint — Fluorapatite — fluorescence spectroscopy — fluorine — Fluorite — Fluorspar — Formaldehyde — Formic acid — Fractional freezing — Francis William Aston — Francium — Francois Auguste Victor Grignard — Frankeite — Franklinite — Franz Joseph Emil Fischer — Frederick Sanger — Frederick Soddy — freezing point — Friedrich Bergius — Friedrich Woehler — Fritz Haber — Fritz Pregl — Frédéric Joliot — functional group — fur — The f-block of the periodic table of elements consists of those elements for which, in the atomic ground state, the highest-energy electrons occupy f-orbitals. ... The f-block of the periodic table of elements consists of those elements for which, in the atomic ground state, the highest-energy electrons occupy f-orbitals. ... Frank Sherwood Rowland (born June 28, 1927) is a Nobel laureate and a professor of chemistry at the University of California, Irvine. ... Fahrenheit is a temperature scale named after the German physicist Gabriel Fahrenheit (1686â€“1736), who proposed it in 1724. ... Fat is one of the three main classes of food and, at approximately 38 kJ (9 kilocalories) per gram, as compared to sugar with 17 kJ (4 kcal) per gram or ethanol with 29 kJ (7 kcal) per gram, the most concentrated form of metabolic energy available to humans. ... Feldspar is the name of an important group of rock-forming minerals which make up perhaps as much as 60% of the Earths crust. ... Felsic is a term used in geology to refer to silicate minerals, magmas, and rocks which are enriched in the lighter elements, such as silica, oxygen, aluminium, sodium, and potassium. ... Ferberite is a black mineral composed of iron(II) tungstate (tungsten oxide), chemical formula FeWO4. ... Fergusonite is a mineral comprising a complex oxide of various rare earth elements. ... General Name, Symbol, Number fermium, Fm, 100 Chemical series actinides Group, Period, Block ?, 7, f Appearance unknown, probably silvery white or metallic gray Atomic mass (257) g/mol Electron configuration [Rn] 5f12 7s2 Electrons per shell 2, 8, 18, 32, 30, 8, 2 Physical properties Phase solid Melting point 1800... Ferrocene Fe(C5H5)2 is the prototypical metallocene, a type of organometallic chemical compound, consisting of two cyclopentadienyl rings bound on opposite sides of a central iron atom and forming an organometallic sandwich compound. ... The article is about the separation process. ... Pebble beach made up of flint nodules eroded out of the nearby chalk cliffs, Cape Arkona, Rügen Flint (or flintstone) is a hard, sedimentary cryptocrystalline silica rock with a glassy appearance. ... Apatite is a group of minerals, usually referring to: hydroxylapatite, fluorapatite, and chlorapatite, named for high concentrations of OH-, F-, or Cl- ions, respectively, in the crystal lattice. ... Fluorescence spectroscopy or fluorometry is a type of electromagnetic spectroscopy used for analyzing fluorescent spectra. ... General Name, Symbol, Number fluorine, F, 9 Chemical series halogens Group, Period, Block 17, 2, p Appearance pale greenish-yellow gas Atomic mass 18. ... Fluorite (also called fluor-spar) is a mineral composed of calcium fluoride, CaF2. ... Octahedral fluorite crystals from New Mexico, USA Fluorite (also called fluor-spar or Blue John) is a mineral composed of calcium fluoride, CaF2. ... The chemical compound formaldehyde (also known as methanal), is a gas with a strong pungent smell. ... Formic acid (systematically called methanoic acid) is the simplest carboxylic acid. ... Fractional freezing is a process used by chemists to separate two liquids which have a different freezing point. ... Francis William Aston (born Birmingham, September 1, 1877; died Cambridge, November 20, 1945) was a British physicist who won the 1922 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for the invention of the mass spectrometer. ... General Name, Symbol, Number francium, Fr, 87 Chemical series alkali metals Group, Period, Block 1, 7, s Appearance metallic Atomic mass (223) g/mol Electron configuration [Rn] 7s1 Electrons per shell 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 8, 1 Physical properties Phase solid Density (near r. ... François Auguste Victor Grignard (born in Cherbourg, 6 May 1871, died in Lyon, 13 December 1935) was a Nobel Prize-winning French chemist. ... Spinel is one of a group of minerals which crystallize in the isometric system with an octahedral habit, and whose chemical compositions are analogous. ... Dr. Frederick Sanger, OM , CH , CBE , FRS , Ph. ... Frederick Soddy (September 2, 1877 â€“ September 22, 1956) was an English radiochemist. ... The melting point of a solid is the temperature at which it changes state from solid to liquid. ... Friedrich Bergius (October 11, 1884 - March 30, 1949) was born near Breslau, Germany (now Wroclaw in Poland). ... Friedrich Wöhler Friedrich Wöhler (July 31, 1800 - September 23, 1882) was a German chemist, best-known for his synthesis of urea, but also the first to isolate several of the elements. ... Fritz Haber in 1918. ... Fritz (Friderik) Pregl (September 3, 1869 – December 13, 1930) was an Austrian chemist of Slovenian descent. ... FrÃ©dÃ©ric Joliot-Curie Jean FrÃ©dÃ©ric Joliot-Curie nÃ© Joliot (March 19, 1900 â€“ August 14, 1958) was a French physicist and Nobel laureate. ... In ecology functional groups are collections of organisms based on morphological, physiological, behavioral, biochemical, or environmental responses or on trophic criteria. ... A dogs fur usually consists of longer, stiffer, guard hairsâ€”which can be straight, wiry, or wavy, and of various lengthsâ€” that hide a soft, short-haired undercoat. ...

G

Gabbro — Gadolinite — Gadolinium — Galena — gallium — Gallium arsenide — Garnet — gas — gaseous — Gedanite — Geometric isomerism — Geoffrey Wilkinson — Georg Wittig — George A. Olah — George de Hevesy — George Porter — Gerhard Herzberg — Germanite — Germanium — Gibbsite — Gilbert Stork — Giulio Natta — Glauconite — Glenn T. Seaborg — Glessite — Glucose — Glycerine — Glycine — Gneiss — Goethite — gold — Granite — Graphite — Group 1 element — Group 10 element — group 12 element — Group 2 element — Group 3 element — Group 4 element — Group 5 element — Group 6 element — Group 7 element — Group 8 element — Group 9 element — Gypsum — Gabbro Gabbro is a dark, coarse-grained, intrusive igneous rock that is chemichly equivalent to basalt. ... Gadolinite is a mineral of a nearly black color and vitreous luster, and consisting principally of the silicates of cerium, lanthanum, neodymium, yttrium, beryllium, and iron with formula: (Ce,La,Nd,Y)2FeBe2Si2O10. ... General Name, Symbol, Number gadolinium, Gd, 64 Chemical series lanthanides Group, Period, Block ?, 6, f Appearance silvery white Atomic mass 157. ... Galena is a lead ore. ... General Name, Symbol, Number gallium, Ga, 31 Chemical series poor metals Group, Period, Block 13, 4, p Appearance silvery white Atomic mass 69. ... This article is about the chemical compound. ... The Garnet group of minerals show crystals with a habit of rhombic dodecahedrons and trapezohedrons. ... A gas is one of the four main phases of matter (after solid and liquid, and followed by plasma), that subsequently appear as a solid material is subjected to increasingly higher temperatures. ... For other meanings see gas (disambiguation). ... This is about the material called amber. ... In chemistry, geometric isomerism is a form of stereoisomerism and describes the orientation of functional groups at the ends of a bond around which no rotation is possible. ... Sir Geoffrey Wilkinson was an English chemist He was born 14 July 1921 in the village of Springside, near Todmorden in Yorkshire. ... Georg Wittig (June 16, 1897 in Berlin (Germany) - August 26, 1987) was a german chemist who reported a method for synthesis of alkenes from aldehydes and ketones using compounds called phosphonium ylides. ... George Andrew Olah (born 1927) is a U.S. (Hungarian-born) chemist. ... George Charles de Hevesy (also known as Georg Karl von Hevesy) (August 1, 1885 - July 5, 1966) was a Hungarian chemist who was important in the development of the tracer method where radioactive tracers are used to study chemical processes, e. ... The Right Honourable George Porter, Baron Porter of Luddenham, OM, FRS (6 December 1920â€“31 August 2002) was an English chemist. ... Gerhard Herzberg (December 25, 1904 â€“ March 3, 1999) was a pioneering theoretical chemist. ... Germanite is a rare copper iron germanium sulfide mineral, Cu13Fe2Ge2S16. ... General Name, Symbol, Number germanium, Ge, 32 Chemical series metalloids Group, Period, Block 14, 4, p Appearance grayish white Atomic mass 72. ... Gibbsite, Al(OH)3, is an important ore of aluminium and is one of three minerals that make up the rock bauxite. ... Giulio Natta (February 26, 1903 â€“ May 2, 1979) was an Italian chemist. ... Glauconite is a phyllosilicate (mica group) mineral of formula: (K,Na)(Fe3+,Al,Mg)2(Si,Al)4O10(OH)2. ... Glenn T. Seaborg Glenn Theodore Seaborg (April 19, 1912 â€“ February 25, 1999) was an American chemist, who was prominent in the discovery and isolation of many transuranic elements (including plutonium, during the Manhattan Project), for which he won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1951. ... This is about the material called amber. ... Glucose (Glc), a simple monosaccharide sugar, is one of the most important carbohydrates and is used as a source of energy in animals. ... Glycerin, also known as glycerine and glycerol, and less commonly as 1,2,3-propanetriol, 1,2,3-trihydroxypropane, glyceritol, and glycyl alcohol is a colorless, odorless, hygroscopic, and sweet tasting viscous liquid. ... Glycine (Gly, G) is a nonpolar amino acid. ... Banded gneiss with dike of granite orthogneiss Gneiss is a common and widely distributed type of rock formed by high grade regional metamorphic processes from preexisting formations that were originally either igneous or sedimentary rocks. ... Goethite is a hydrated iron oxide, HFeO2 or Fe3+O(OH) (known as lepidocrocite). ... General Name, Symbol, Number gold, Au, 79 Chemical series transition metals Group, Period, Block 11, 6, d Appearance metallic yellow Atomic mass 196. ... Quarrying granite for the Mormon Temple, Utah Territory. ... Graphite (named by Abraham Gottlob Werner in 1789, from the Greek γραφειν: to draw/write, for its use in pencils) is one of the allotropes of carbon. ... The alkali metals are a chemical series. ... The Group 10 elements are: Nickel (28) Palladium (46) Platinum (78) Darmstadtium (110) Color coding for these atomic numbers: At room temperature, all are solid; red indicates item is synthetic and does not occur naturally. ... The Group 12 elements are: Zinc (30) Cadmium (48) Mercury (80) Ununbium (112) Color coding for these atomic numbers: At room temperature, all are solid but mercury is liquid; red indicates item is synthetic and does not occur naturally. ... The alkaline earth metals are the series of elements in Group 2 of the periodic table: beryllium, magnesium, calcium, strontium, barium and radium (not always considered due to its very short half-life). ... A Group 3 element is an element in periodic table group 3 (IUPAC style) in the periodic table, which consists of: scandium (21) yttrium (39) lanthanum (57) - lutetium (71) actinium (89) - lawrencium (103) All of these elements are classed in Group 3 because their outer shell holds three electrons. ... A Group 4 element is an element in periodic table group 4 (IUPAC style) in the periodic table, which consists of: titanium (22) zirconium (40) hafnium (72) rutherfordium (104) All of these elements are classed in Group 4 because their valence shell holds four electrons. ... A Group 5 element is the series of elements in group 5 (IUPAC style) in the periodic table, which consists of vanadium (V), niobium (Nb), tantalum (Ta), and dubnium (Db). ... The group 6 in the periodic table consists of the elements chromium (24) molybdenum (42) tungsten (74) seaborgium (106) Group 6 is the new IUPAC name for this group, the old style name was group VIA in the old European system or group VIB in the old US system. ... A Group 7 element is an element in periodic table group 7 (IUPAC style) in the periodic table, which consists of: manganese (25) technetium (43) rhenium (75) bohrium (107) All of these elements are classed in Group 7 because their valence shell holds four electrons. ... A Group 8 element is an element in periodic table group 8 (IUPAC style) in the periodic table, which consists of: Iron (26) Ruthenium (44) Osmium (76) Hassium (108) All of these elements are classed in Group 8 because their valence shell holds four electrons. ... The Group 9 elements are: Cobalt (27) Rhodium (45) Iridium (77) Meitnerium (109) Color coding for these atomic numbers: At room temperature, all are solid; red indicates item is synthetic and does not occur naturally. ... Gypsum is a very soft mineral composed of calcium sulfate dihydrate, with the chemical formula CaSO4Â·2H2O. // Chemical structure Gypsum from New South Wales, Australia Heating gypsum above approximately 150Â°C (302Â°F) partially dehydrates the mineral by driving off exactly 75% of the water contained in its chemical structure. ...

H

H. M. Rouell — Hafnium — half-life — Halite — halogen — halogenoalkane — Hans Fischer — Hans Karl August Simon von Euler-Chelpin — Harold Clayton Urey — Harold Kroto — Hartmut Michel — Hassium — heat — Heat of fusion — Heat of vaporization — Heavy metal (chemistry) — Heinrich Otto Wieland — Helium — Hematite — Hemoglobin — Henri Louis le Chatelier — Henri Moissan — Henry Taube — Heptane — Herbert A. Hauptman — Herbert C. Brown — Hermann Emil Fischer — Hermann Staudinger — heterocyclic compound — Hexane — Hiddenite — Hideki Shirakawa — High performance liquid chromatography — Histidine — Holmium — Hornblende — Huebnerite — Humphry Davy — Hund's rule — Hutchinsonite — Hyalite — Hydrazine — hydrocarbon — Hydrochloric acid — hydrogen — Hydrogen bond — Hydrogen cyanide — Hydrogen peroxide — Hydrogen sulfide — Hydrolysis — hydroxide — hydroxyl — Hilaire Marin Rouelle (1718 - 1779) was a French chemist. ... General Name, Symbol, Number hafnium, Hf, 72 Chemical series transition metals Group, Period, Block 4, 6, d Appearance gray steel Atomic mass 178. ... Half-Life For a quantity subject to exponential decay, the half-life is the time required for the quantity to fall to half of its initial value. ... Halite is the mineral of sodium chloride, NaCl, commonly known as rock salt. ... The halogens are a chemical series. ... Haloalkane, halogenoalkanes or alkyl halides are compounds derived from alkanes by substituting one or more hydrogen atoms with halogen atoms. ... Hans Fischer was a German organic chemist. ... Hans Karl August Simon von Euler-Chelpin (1873 - 1964) was a Swedish (German-born) biochemist. ... Harold Clayton Urey (April 29, 1893 – January 5, 1981) was a chemist whose pioneering work on isotopes earned him the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1934 and later led him to theories of planetary evolution. ... Sir Harold Walter Kroto KBE FRS (born October 7, 1939) is an English chemist. ... Hartmut Michel is a German biochemist and Nobel Laureate. ... General Name, Symbol, Number hassium, Hs, 108 Chemical series transition metals Group, Period, Block 8, 7, d Appearance unknown, probably silvery white or metallic gray Atomic mass (269) g/mol Electron configuration perhaps [Rn] 5f14 6d6 7s2 (guess based on osmium) Electrons per shell 2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 14... A red-hot iron rod cooling after being worked by a blacksmith. ... Heat of fusion is the amount of heat energy which must be absorbed or lost for 1 gram of a substance to change states from a solid to a liquid or vice versa. ... The heat of vaporization is a physical property of substances. ... For other meanings, see heavy metal The term heavy metal may have various more general or more specific meanings. ... Heinrich Otto Wieland (June 4, 1877 â€“ August 5, 1957) was a German chemist. ... General Name, Symbol, Number helium, He, 2 Chemical series noble gases Group, Period, Block 18, 1, s Appearance colorless Atomic mass 4. ... Hematite (AE) or haematite (BE) is the mineral form of Iron (III) oxide, (Fe2O3), one of several iron oxides. ... 3-dimensional structure of hemoglobin. ... Henry Louis Le Chatelier, an influential French chemist and engineer, inventor of Le Chateliers principle. ... The French chemist Henri Moissan (1852--1907) won the 1906 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his work in isolating fluorine from its compounds. ... Professor Henry Taube, Ph. ... Heptane (also known as dipropyl methane, gettysolve-C or heptyl hydride) is an alkane hydrocarbon with the chemical formula CH3(CH2)5CH3. ... Herbert A. Hauptman is an American mathematician and Nobel laureate. ... Herbert Charles Brown (May 22, 1912 â€“ December 19, 2004) was a chemist who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1979 (along with Georg Wittig) for his work with organoboranes. ... Hermann Emil Fischer (October 9, 1852 - July 15, 1919) was a German chemist and recipient of the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1902. ... Hermann Staudinger (March 23, 1881 in Worms- Sept. ... Pyridine a simple heterocyclic compound Heterocyclic compounds are organic compounds which contain a ring structure containing atoms in addition to carbon, such as sulfur, oxygen or nitrogen, as part of the ring. ... R-phrases , , , , , , S-phrases , , , , , , , Flash point âˆ’23. ... Spodumene is a pyroxene mineral consisting of lithium aluminium inosilicate - LiAl(SiO3)2 - and is a source of lithium. ... Professor Hideki Shirakawa ç™½å· è‹±æ¨¹ Shirakawa Hideki, born in Tokyo on August 20, 1936) is a Japanese chemist and winner of the 2000 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his discovery of conductive polymers together with Alan J. Heeger and Alan G MacDiarmid. ... High performance liquid chromatography, also known as high pressure liquid chromatography and usually abbreviated as HPLC, is a form of column chromatography used frequently in biochemistry and analytical chemistry. ... Histidine is one of the 20 most common natural amino acids, coded for in DNA. Nutritionally, in humans, histidine is considered an essential amino acid, but mostly only in children. ... General Name, Symbol, Number holmium, Ho, 67 Chemical series lanthanides Group, Period, Block ?, 6, f Appearance silvery white Atomic mass 164. ... Amphibole (Hornblende) Hornblende is a complex inosilicate series of minerals. ... Sir Humphry Davy. ... Hunds rule is a principle of physical chemistry which states that before any two electrons occupy an orbital in a subshell, other orbitals in the same subshell must first each contain one electron. ... Hyalite is a form of opal with a glassy appearance. ... Hydrazine is a chemical compound with formula N2H4 used as a rocket fuel. ... Hydrocarbons are refined at oil refineries and chemical plants In chemistry, a hydrocarbon is any chemical compound that consists only of the elements carbon (C) and hydrogen (H). ... The chemical substance hydrochloric acid is the aqueous (water-based) solution of hydrogen chloride (HCl) gas. ... General Name, Symbol, Number hydrogen, H, 1 Chemical series nonmetals Group, Period, Block 1, 1, s Appearance colorless Atomic mass 1. ... Hydrogen bonds between water molecules are diagramatically represented by the black lines. ... Hydrogen cyanide is a chemical compound with chemical formula H-Câ‰¡N. A solution of hydrogen cyanide in water is called hydrocyanic acid or prussic acid. ... Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is a clear liquid, slightly more viscous than water, that has strong oxidizing properties and is therefore a powerful bleaching agent that has found use as a disinfectant, as an oxidizer, and (particularly in high concentrations as high test peroxide (HTP)) as a monopropellant in rockets. ... Hydrogen sulfide (hydrogen sulphide in British English), H2S, is a colorless, toxic, flammable gas that is responsible for the foul odor of rotten eggs. ... Hydrolysis is a chemical process in which a molecule is cleaved into two parts by the addition of a molecule of water. ... Hydroxide is a polyatomic ion consisting of oxygen and hydrogen: âˆ’Oâˆ’H It has a charge of âˆ’1. ... Hydroxide is a functional group consisting of oxygen and hydrogen: -O−H It has a charge of 1-. The term hydroxyl group is used when the functional group -OH is counted as a substituent of an organic compound. ...

I

ice — Idocrase — Illite — Ilmenite — Ilya Prigogine — Indecent exposure — Indium — infrared spectroscopy — Inorganic chemistry — Intermolecular force — International Temperature Scale — International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry — Iodine — Ion — Ionic bond — ionization potential — Irene Joliot-Curie — Iridium — iron — Iron (III) oxide — Irving Langmuir — isocyanate — Isomer — isotope — Isotope table (complete) — Isotope table (divided) — Israel Shahak — IUPAC — A natural, 4 tonne, block of ice on a beach in Iceland Icicles Ice is frozen water (one of its three phases of matter), and thereby a transparent, crystal solid. ... Vesuvianite is a green, brown, yellow, or blue metamorphic silicate mineral, Ca10Mg2Al4(SiO4)5(Si2O7)2(OH)4. ... Structure of Illite mica - USGS. Illite is a non-expanding, clay-sized, micaceous mineral. ... Ilmenite (FeTiO3) is a weakly magnetic iron-black or steel-gray mineral found in metamorphic and plutonic igneous rocks. ... Ilya Prigogine (January 25, 1917 â€“ May 28, 2003) was a Belgian physicist and chemist noted for his work on dissipative structures, complex systems, and irreversibility. ... Indecent exposure is the display of unclothed parts of the human body in a manner that is contrary to local custom and law. ... General Name, Symbol, Number indium, In, 49 Chemical series poor metals Group, Period, Block 13, 5, p Appearance silvery lustrous gray Atomic mass 114. ... IR spectrum of a thin film of liquid ethanol. ... Inorganic chemistry is the branch of chemistry concerned with the properties and reactions of inorganic compounds. ... Intermolecular forces are electromagnetic forces which act between molecules or between widely separated regions of a macromolecule. ... IUPAC logo The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) is an international non-governmental organization devoted to the advancement of chemistry. ... General Name, Symbol, Number iodine, I, 53 Chemical series halogens Group, Period, Block 17, 5, p Appearance violet-dark gray, lustrous Atomic mass 126. ... An ion is an atom or group of atoms with a net electric charge. ... Electron configurations of lithium and fluorine. ... The ionization potential, or ionization energy, of an atom or molecule is the energy required to strip it of an electron. ... Irène Joliot-Curie née Curie (September 12, 1897 – March 17, 1956) was a French scientist, the daughter of Marie and Pierre Curie and the wife of Frédéric Joliot-Curie. ... General Name, Symbol, Number iridium, Ir, 77 Chemical series transition metals Group, Period, Block 9, 6, d Appearance silvery white Atomic mass 192. ... General Name, Symbol, Number iron, Fe, 26 Chemical series transition metals Group, Period, Block 8, 4, d Appearance lustrous metallic with a grayish tinge Atomic mass 55. ... Iron(III) oxide - also known as ferric oxide, red iron oxide, synthetic maghemite, rouge,or rust - is one of several oxide compounds of iron, and is most notable for its ferromagnetic properties. ... Irving Langmuir -- chemist and physicist Irving Langmuir (January 31, 1881 in Brooklyn, New York - August 16, 1957 in Woods Hole, Massachusetts) was an American chemist and physicist. ... Isocyanate is the chemical group of atoms -N=C=O (1 nitrogen, 1 carbon, 1 oxygen), as opposed to cyanate, -O-C≡N, which is formed from cyanogen in the normal -ate manner. ... In chemistry, isomers are molecules with the same chemical formula and often with the same kinds of bonds between atoms, but in which the atoms are arranged differently. ... Isotopes are forms of an element whose nuclei have the same atomic numberâ€“-the number of protons in the nucleus--but different atomic masses because they contain different numbers of neutrons. ... This isotope table shows all of the known isotopes of the chemical elements, arranged with increasing atomic numbers (proton numbers) from left to right and increasing neutron numbers from top to bottom. ... These tables show all of the known isotopes of the chemical elements, arranged with increasing atomic number from left to right and increasing neutron number from top to bottom. ... Israel Shahak (1933â€“2001) was a Professor of Chemistry at Hebrew University in Jerusalem, the former president of the Israeli League for Human and Civil Rights, and an outspoken critic of the Israeli government, of Israel and of Jews and Judaism in general. ... The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) is an international non-governmental organization devoted to the advancement of chemistry. ...

J

J. H. van't Hoff — Jade — James Batcheller Sumner — James Dewar — Jaroslav Heyrovský — Jasper — Jean-Marie Lehn — Jens C. Skou — Jerome Karle — Johan August Arfwedson — Johan Gadolin — Johann Deisenhofer — Johann Friedrich Wilhelm Adolf von Baeyer — Johann Wolfgang Döbereiner — Johannes Diderik van der Waals — John A. Pople — John Alexander Reina Newlands — John C. Polanyi — John Cowdery Kendrew — John Dalton — John E. Walker — John Ernest Walker — John Fenn — John Howard Northrop — John Pople — John Warcup Cornforth — Jöns Jakob Berzelius — Joseph Priestley — joule per kilogram-kelvin — Justus von Liebig — Jacobus Henricus van t Hoff (August 30, 1852 - March 1, 1911) was a Dutch physical and organic chemist and the winner of the inaugural Nobel Prize in Chemistry. ... A selection of antique, hand-crafted Chinese jadeite jade buttons Jade An ornamental stone, jade is a name applied to two different silicate minerals. ... James Batcheller Sumner (November 19, 1887 - August 12, 1955) was an American chemist. ... James Dewar (1842-1923) Sir James Dewar (September 20, 1842 - March 27, 1923) was a Scottish chemist and physicist. ... Jaroslav HeyrovskÃ½ listen â–¶(?) (December 20, 1890 â€“ March 27, 1967) was a Czech chemist who was awarded the Nobel Prize in chemistry in 1959. ... Jasper pebble, one inch (2. ... Jean-Marie Lehn (born September 30, 1939) is a French chemist. ... Jens Christian Skou (born October 8, 1918) is a Danish chemist and Nobel laureate. ... Jerome Karle is an American physical chemist. ... Johan August Arfwedson (January 12, 1792 - October 28, 1841), Swedish chemist and the discoverer of lithium (1817). ... Johan Gadolin Johan Gadolin (June 5, 1760 — August 15, 1852) was a Finnish chemist, physicist and mineralogist. ... Johann Deisenhofer (born September 30, 1943) is a German biochemist who, along with Hartmut Michel and Robert Huber, received the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1988 for their determination of the structure of a membrane-bound complex of proteins and co-factors that is essential to photosynthesis. ... Johann Friedrich Wilhelm Adolf von Baeyer (October 31, 1835 - August 20, 1917) was a German chemist who synthesized indigo, and was the 1905 recipient of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry. ... Johann Wolfgang DÃ¶bereiner Johann Wolfgang DÃ¶bereiner (December 13, 1780 â€“ March 24, 1849) was a German chemist. ... van der Waals Johannes Diderik Van der Waals (November 23, 1837 â€“ March 8, 1923) was a Dutch scientist famous for his work on the equation of state for gases and liquids, for which he won the Nobel Prize in physics in 1910. ... Sir John Anthony Pople (October 31, 1925 - March 15, 2004) was a theoretical chemist. ... John Alexander Reina Newlands (November 26, 1838 - July 29, 1898) was an English analytical chemist who prepared in 1863 the first periodic table of the elements arranged in order of relative atomic masses, and pointed out in 1865 the law of octaves whereby every eighth element has similar properties. ... John Charles Polanyi (born January 23, 1929) is a German/Canadian chemist. ... John Cowdery Kendrew (March 24, 1917 â€“ August 23, 1997) was a British molecular biologist. ... John Dalton John Dalton (September 6, 1766 â€“ July 27, 1844) was a British chemist and physicist, born at Eaglesfield, near Cockermouth in Cumberland. ... John Ernest Walker (born January 7, 1941) is an English chemist. ... Dr. John B. Fenn Dr. John B. Fenn (born June 15, 1917 in New York City) is a research professor of analytical chemistry who was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 2002. ... John Howard Northrop (July 5, 1891 â€“ May 27, 1987) was an American biochemist who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1946 (with James Batcheller Sumner and Wendell Meredith Stanley) for purifying and crystallizing certain enzymes. ... Sir John Anthony Pople (October 31, 1925 â€“ March 15, 2004) was a theoretical chemist. ... John Kappa Cornforth was born in Australia, and has been profoundly deaf since his teens. ... JÃ¶ns Jakob Berzelius Statue of Berzelius in the centre of Berzelii Park, Stockholm JÃ¶ns Jakob Berzelius (August 20, 1779 - August 7, 1848) was a Swedish chemist. ... Joseph Priestley is often credited for the discovery of oxygen. ... The specific heat capacity (symbol c or s, also called specific heat) of a substance is defined as heat capacity per unit mass. ... Freiherr Justus von Liebig (May 12, 1803 in Darmstadt, Germany - April 18, 1873 in Munich, Germany) was a German chemist. ...

K

K. Barry Sharpless — Kainite — Kalsilite — Kamacite — Kaolinite — Karl Ziegler — Kary Mullis — Keilhauite — Kelvin — Kenichi Fukui — Kernite — ketone — kilogram per cubic metre — kilojoule per mole — Kimberlite — Kinetics — Kobellite — Koichi Tanaka — Krantzite — krypton — Kunzite — Kurt Alder — Kurt Heinrich Meyer — Kurt Wüthrich — Kyanite — Karl Barry Sharpless (born April 28, 1941) is an American chemist renowned for his work on organometallic chemistry. ... Kainite (MgSO4·KCl·3H2O) is a mineral salt that consists of potassium chloride and magnesium sulfate and is used as a fertilizer. ... Kalsilite (KAlSiO4) is a vitreous white to grey feldspathoidal mineral that is found in some lavas, such as from Chamengo Crater in Uganda. ... Kamacite is a mineral. ... Kaolin Kaolinite (Aluminium Silicate Hydroxide) Kaolinite is a mineral with the chemical composition Al2Si2O5(OH)4. ... Karl Waldemar Ziegler (November 26, 1898 â€“ August 11, 1973) was a German chemist who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1963, with Giulio Natta, for work on high polymers. ... Dr. Kary Banks Mullis, PhD Nobel Laureate was born December 28, 1944. ... Keilhauite (also known as yttrotitanite) is a mineral of a brownish black color, related to titanite in form. ... The kelvin (symbol: K) is the SI unit of temperature, and is one of the seven SI base units. ... Kenichi Fukui (ç¦äº•è¬™ä¸€ Fukui Kenichi, October 4, 1918 â€“ January 9, 1998) was a Japanese chemist. ... Kernite, also known as rasorite and hydrated sodium borate hydroxide (Na2B4O7Â·4H2O), is a colorless to white crystalline mineral that was formerly the chief source of borax. ... A ketone is either the functional group characterized by a carbonyl group linked to two other carbon atoms or a compound that contains this functional group. ... Kilogram per cubic metre is the SI measure of density and is represented as kg/m³, where kg stands for kilogram and m³ stands for cubic metre. ... Kilojoule per mole are an SI derived unit of energy per amount of material, where energy is measured in units of 1000 joules, and the amount of material is measured in mole units. ... Hewn kimberlite core sample from the James Bay Lowlands region of Northern Ontario, Canada. ... In physical chemistry, chemical kinetics or reaction kinetics study reaction rates in a chemical reaction. ... Kobellite (Pb22Cu4(Bi,Sb)30S69, empiricial: Pb22Cu4Bi25Sb5S69) is a gray, fibrous, metallic mineral, a sulfide of antimony, bismuth, and lead. ... Koichi Tanaka (ç”°ä¸ è€•ä¸€, born August 3, 1959) is a Japanese scientist who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 2002 for developing a novel method for mass spectrometric analyses of biological macromolecules. ... This is about the material called amber. ... General Name, Symbol, Number krypton, Kr, 36 Chemical series noble gases Group, Period, Block 18, 4, p Appearance colorless Atomic mass 83. ... Spodumene is a pyroxene mineral consisting of lithium aluminium inosilicate - LiAl(SiO3)2 - and is a source of lithium. ... Kurt Alder (10 July 1902 - 20 June 1958) was a German chemist who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry jointly with Otto Paul Hermann Diels in 1950. ... Kurt WÃ¼thrich (born October 4, 1938) is a Swiss chemist and Nobel laureate. ... Kyanite The mineral kyanite is an aluminium silicate of the sillimanite group (along with andalusite and sillimanite), also called alumino-silicate. ...

L

Labradorite — Lactic acid — Lanthanide — Lanthanum — Lapis lazuli — Lars Onsager — Lawrencium — Lazurite — Le Chatelier's principle — Lead — Leopold Ruzicka — Lepidolite — Leucite — Lewis acid — Lewis base — Ligand — Lignite — Limestone — Limonite — Linus Pauling — liquid — Lise Meitner — List of alloys — List of biochemistry topics — List of biomolecules — List of chemists — list of compounds — List of elements by name — List of elements by number — List of elements by symbol — List of elements named after people — List of elements named after places — List of inorganic compounds — List of inorganic compounds by element — List of pre-scientific substances — List of organic compounds — Lithium — liver — livingstonite — Lodestone — Lonsdaleite — Lorandite bertrandite — Lord Todd — Lothar Meyer — Louis Pasteur — Luis F. Leloir — Lutetium — Feldspar (from the German Feld, field, and Spat, a rock that does not contain ore) is the name of an important group of rock-forming minerals which make up perhaps as much as 60% of the Earths crust. ... Lactic acid (Î±-hydroxypropanoic acid, AHA) is a chemical compound that plays a role in several biochemical processes. ... The lanthanide series comprises the 15 elements from lanthanum to lutetium on the periodic table, with atomic numbers 57 through 71. ... General Name, Symbol, Number lanthanum, La, 57 Chemical series lanthanides Group, Period, Block 3, 6, f Appearance silvery white Atomic mass 138. ... A block of lapis lazuli Lapis lazuli is one of the oldest of all gems, with a history of use stretching back 7,000 years. ... Lars Onsager (November 27, 1903 â€“ October 5, 1976) was a Norwegian physical chemist, winner of the 1968 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. ... General Name, Symbol, Number lawrencium, Lr, 103 Chemical series actinides Group, Period, Block 3, 7, d Appearance unknown, probably silvery white or metallic gray Atomic mass (262) g/mol Electron configuration probably [Rn] 5f14 7s2 7p1 Electrons per shell 2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 8, 3 Phase presumably a solid... A block of lapis lazuli Lapis lazuli is one of the oldest of all gems, with a history of use stretching back 7,000 years. ... In chemistry, Le Chateliers principle can be used to predict the effect of a change in conditions on a chemical equilibrium. ... General Name, Symbol, Number lead, Pb, 82 Chemical series poor metals Group, Period, Block 14, 6, p Appearance bluish white Atomic mass 207. ... Lavoslav (Leopold) Ružička (September 13, 1887 - September 26, 1976) was a Nobel Prize winner in chemistry, the first one from Croatia. ... Lepidolite (KLi2Al(Al,Si)3O10(F,OH)2) is a lilac or rose-violet colored phyllosilicate mineral of the mica group that is a secondary source of lithium. ... Leucite or amphigene is a rock-forming mineral composed of potassium and aluminium metasilicate KAl(SiO3)2. ... In chemistry, a Lewis acid can accept a pair of electrons and form a coordinate covalent bond, after the American chemist Gilbert Lewis. ... A Lewis base is any molecule or ion that can form a new covalent bond by donating a pair of electrons. ... In chemistry, a ligand is an atom, ion or functional group that is bonded to one or more central atoms or ions, usually metals generally through coordinate covalent bond. ... Coal Coal is a fossil fuel extracted from the ground by mining. ... Limey shale overlaid by limestone. ... Limonite Limonite Limonite is a ferric hydrate of varying composition, the generic formula is frequently written as FeO(OH)·nH2O, although this is not entirely accurate as Limonite often contains a varying amount of oxide compared to hydroxide. ... Linus Carl Pauling (February 28, 1901 â€“ August 19, 1994) was an American quantum chemist and biochemist, widely regarded as the premier chemist of the twentieth century. ... A liquid will assume the shape of its container. ... Lise Meitner ca. ... This is a list of alloys for which an article exists in Wikipedia (or is proposed but not yet written). ... This page aims to list articles on Wikipedia that are related to biochemistry. ... This page aims to list articles on Wikipedia that describe particular biomolecules or types of biomolecules. ... This is a list of famous chemists: Contents: Top - 0â€“9 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z A Emil Abderhalden, (1877-1950), German chemist Richard Abegg, (1869-1910), German chemist... The original list from this page has been split into the following three lists, as the number of compounds became too long. ... This is a list of chemical elements, sorted by name and color coded according to type of element. ... Categories: Chemical elements ... This is a list of chemical elements by symbol, including the current symbols used to identify the chemical elements as recognized by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry, as well as proposed and historical symbols. ... This is a list of chemical elements named after people. ... This is a list of chemical elements named after places. ... This page aims to list well-known inorganic compounds, including organometallic compounds, to stimulate the creation of Wikipedia articles. ... This page aims to list concisely all of the common inorganic & organometallic compounds of each element, whether or not they have an existing page. ... Alchemical studies produced a number of subtances, which were later classified as particular chemical compounds or mixtures of compounds. ... This page aims to list well-known organic compounds, including organometallic compounds, to stimulate the creation of Wikipedia articles. ... General Name, Symbol, Number lithium, Li, 3 Chemical series alkali metals Group, Period, Block 1, 2, s Appearance silvery white/gray Atomic mass 6. ... The liver is one of the largest internal organs of the human body. ... Magnetite Lodestone or loadstone refers to either: Magnetite, a magnetic mineral form of iron(II), iron(III) oxide Fe3O4, one of several iron oxides. ... Lonsdaleite is a hexagonal polymorph of the carbon allotrope diamond, believed to form when meteoric graphite falls to Earth. ... The Right Honourable Alexander Robert Todd, Baron Todd, OM, FRS (2 October 1907â€“10 January 1997) was a British biochemist whose research on the structure and synthesis of nucleotides, nucleosides, and nucleotide coenzymes gained him the 1957 Nobel Prize for Chemistry. ... Julius Lothar Meyer (19 August 1830 - 11 April 1895) was born in Varel, at that time belonging to the duchy of Oldenburg, now part of Germany. ... Louis Pasteur (December 27, 1822 â€“ September 28, 1895) was a French microbiologist, chemist and humanist. ... Luis Federico Leloir, born September 6, 1906 – died December 2, 1987, was a biochemist born in Paris but who lived all his life in Argentina. ... General Name, Symbol, Number lutetium, Lu, 71 Chemical series lanthanides Group, Period, Block ?, 6, d Appearance silvery white Atomic mass 174. ...

M

Magnesite — Magnesium — magnetic resonance — magnetism — Magnetite — Malachite — Malacolite — Manfred Eigen — Manganese — Marble — Marcasite — Marie Curie — Mario J. Molina — Marl — mass — mass spectrometer — materials science — Max Ferdinand Perutz — medicine — Meerschaum — mega — Meitnerium — Melting point — Melvin Calvin — Mendelevium — Mendozite — Menilite — Mercury (II) sulfide — Mercury (I) chloride — Mercury (element) — Mercury (II) chloride — mercury fulminate — mercury-vapor lamp — Metacinnabarite — metal — metal halide — Metallic bond — Metalloid — Methane — Methanol — methyl — Methyl isocyanate — methylene — Methylmercury — metre per second — Mica — Michael Faraday — Michael Smith (chemist) — Microcline — Milk quartz — millinery — mineral — mineralogy — mixture — Mohs hardness scale — Molar volume — mole (unit) — Molecular dynamics — Molecular mechanics — Molecular modeling — Molecular orbital — molecule — Molybdenite — Molybdenum — Molybdenum disulfide — Monazite — Morganite — Mossbauer spectroscopy — Muscovite — Mustard gas — Magnesite is magnesium carbonate, MgCO3. ... General Name, Symbol, Number magnesium, Mg, 12 Chemical series alkaline earth metals Group, Period, Block 2, 3, s Appearance silvery white Atomic mass 24. ... Magnetic resonance can mean: Nuclear magnetic resonance Electron spin resonance This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... In physics, magnetism is one of the phenomena by which materials exert an attractive or repulsive force on other materials. ... Magnetite is a ferromagnetic mineral form of iron(II,III) oxide, with chemical formula , one of several iron oxides and a member of the spinel group. ... Malachite from the Democratic Republic of Congo Malachite is a carbonate mineral, copper(II) carbonate hydroxide Cu2CO3(OH)2. ... Diopside is a monoclinic pyroxene mineral with composition MgCaSi2O6. ... Manfred Eigen (born May 9, 1927, Bochum) is a German biophysicist and a former director of the Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry in GÃ¶ttingen. ... General Name, Symbol, Number manganese, Mn, 25 Chemical series transition metals Group, Period, Block 7, 4, d Appearance silvery metallic Atomic mass 54. ... Marble This page is about the metamorphic rock. ... The mineral marcasite, sometimes called white iron pyrite, is iron sulfide (FeS2). ... Listen to this article Â· (info) This audio file was created from the revision dated 2005-08-17, and does not reflect subsequent edits to the article. ... Mario Molina (left) with Luis E. Miramontes Mario J. Molina (born March 19, 1943) was awarded the 1995 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his role in elucidating the threat to the Earths ozone layer of chlorofluorocarbon gases (or CFCs). ... Marl - a carbonate rich lacustrine sediment. ... Mass is a property of physical objects that, roughly speaking, measures the amount of matter they contain. ... Mass spectrometry is a technique for separating ions by their mass-to-charge (m/z) ratios. ... The Materials Science Tetrahedron, which often also includes Characterization at the center Materials science is the multidisciplinary field relating the performance and function of matter in any and all applications to its micro, nano, and atomic-structure, and vice versa. ... Max Ferdinand Perutz (May 19, 1914 - February 6, 2002) was an Austrian molecular biologist. ... Medicine on the Web NLM (National Library of Medicine, contains resources for patients and healthcare professionals) Virtual Hospital (digital health sciences library by the University of Iowa) Online Medical Information- medical news, links and resources Collection of links to free medical resources Category: ... Meerschaum is a soft white mineral sometimes found floating on the Black Sea, and rather suggestive of sea-foam (lvi eerschaum), whence also the French name for the same substance, ecume de mer. ... Mega (symbol M) is a SI prefix in the SI system of units denoting a factor of 106, i. ... Known properties Name, Symbol, Number meitnerium, 109, Mt Chemical series Transition metals Group, Period, Block 9, 7, d Appearance unknown Atomic weight [268] amu Electron configuration probably [Rn] 5f14 6d7 7s2 e- s per energy level 2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 15, 2 State of matter Presumably a solid Meitnerium... The melting point of a solid is the temperature at which it changes state from solid to liquid. ... Melvin Calvin Melvin Calvin (April 8, 1911 â€“ January 8, 1997) was a chemist most famed for discovering the Calvin cycle (along with Adam Benson), for which he was awarded the 1961 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. ... General Name, Symbol, Number mendelevium, Md, 101 Chemical series actinides Group, Period, Block ?, 7, f Appearance unknown, probably silvery white or metallic gray Atomic mass (258) g/mol Electron configuration [Rn] 5f13 7s2 Electrons per shell 2, 8, 18, 32, 31, 8, 2 Physical properties Phase solid Melting point 1100... Menilite is a reddish-brown form of opal, also known as liver opal or leberopal. ... Categories: Colors | Pigments | Stub ... Mercury(I) chloride (chemical formula Hg2Cl2, often still known by its ancient name of calomel) is a chloride of mercury, a heavy, white or yellowish-white substance. ... General Name, Symbol, Number mercury, Hg, 80 Chemical series transition metals Group, Period, Block 12, 6, d Appearance silvery white Atomic mass 200. ... Mercury chloride is a white poisonous soluble crystalline sublimate of mercury, used as a pesticide or antiseptic or wood preservative. ... Mercury fulminate (Hg(ONC)2) is a primary explosive. ... A Mercury-vapor lamp is a gas discharge lamp which uses mercury in an excited state to produce light. ... Cinnabar (German Zinnober), sometimes written cinnabarite, is a name applied to red mercury (II) sulfide (HgS), or native vermilion, the common ore of mercury. ... Hot metal work from a blacksmith In chemistry, a metal (Greek: Metallon) is an element that readily forms ions (cations) and has metallic bonds, and metals are sometimes described as a lattice of positive ions (cations) in a cloud of electrons. ... Metal halide lamps are similar to mercury vapor lamps, but instead of just mercury, they also contain all metals in the halide group of the periodic table (Hence the name). ... Metallic bonding is the bonding within metals. ... Together with the metals and nonmetals, the metalloids (in Greek metallon = metal and eidos = sort - also called semimetals) form one of the three categories of chemical elements as classified by ionization and bonding properties. ... R-phrases S-phrases , , , Flash point âˆ’188 Â°C Autoignition temperature 537 Â°C Explosive limits 5â€“15% Supplementary data page Structure and properties n, Îµr, etc. ... Methanol, also known as methyl alcohol or wood alcohol, is a chemical compound with chemical formula CH3OH. It is the simplest alcohol, and is a light, volatile, colourless, tasteless, flammable, poisonous liquid with a very faint odor. ... In chemistry a methyl-group is a hydrophobic Alkyl functional group which is derived from methane (CH4). ... Methyl isocyanate (also isocyanatomethane, methyl carbylamine, MIC. C2H3NO; H3C-N=C=O) is a clear, colourless, sharp smelling liquid. ... In chemistry, methylene is a divalent functional group CH2 derived formally from methane. ... Methylmercury (sometimes methyl mercury) is a highly toxic and bioaccumulative organometallic cation. ... Metre per second (U.S. spelling: meter per second) is an SI derived unit of both speed (scalar) and velocity (vector), defined by distance in metres divided by time in seconds. ... rock with mica Mica sheet mica flakes The mica group of minerals includes several closely related materials having highly perfect basal cleavage. ... Michael Faraday Michael Faraday (September 22, 1791 â€“ August 25, 1867) was a British scientist (a physicist and chemist) who contributed significantly to the fields of electromagnetism and electrochemistry. ... Michael Smith, C.C., O.B.C., Ph. ... Microcline (KAlSi3O8) is an important igneous rock forming tectosilicate mineral. ... Milk quartz rock Milk quartz or Milky quartz is probably the most common variety of quartz and can be found almost anywhere. ... Millinery is womens hats and other articles sold by a milliner, or the profession or business of designing, making, or selling hats for women. ... This article is about minerals in the geologic sense; for nutrient minerals see dietary mineral; for the band see Mineral (band). ... Mineralogy is an earth science that involves the chemistry, crystal structure, and physical (including optical) properties of minerals. ... A mixture is a chemical material of variable composition that contains two or more substances. ... Mohs scale of mineral hardness characterizes the scratch resistance of various minerals through the ability of a harder material to scratch a softer. ... In chemistry, the molar volume of a substance is the ratio of the volume of a sample of that substance to the amount of substance (usually in mole) in the sample. ... The mole (symbol: mol) is the SI term identifying the number of particles in a given amount of matter. ... Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation numerically solves Newtons equations of motion on an atomistic or similar model of a molecular system to obtain information about its time-dependent properties. ... The term molecular mechanics refers to the use of Newtonian mechanics to model molecular systems. ... Molecular modelling is a collection of techniques to model or mimic the behaviour of molecules. ... Electron atomic and molecular orbitals In quantum chemistry, the molecular electronic states, i. ... A molecule is the smallest particle of a pure chemical substance that still retains its chemical composition and properties. ... Molybdenite is a mineral of molybdenum disulfide, MoS2. ... General Name, Symbol, Number molybdenum, Mo, 42 Chemical series transition metals Group, Period, Block 6, 5, d Appearance gray metallic Atomic mass 95. ... Molybdenum disulfide, also called molybdenum sulfide or molybdenum(IV) sulfide, with the formula MoS2, is a black crystalline sulfide of molybdenum. ... Monazite powder In geology, the mineral monazite is a reddish-brown phosphate containing rare earth metals and an important source of thorium, lanthanum, and cerium. ... Morganite is a pink coloured gem quality beryl, orange/yellow morganite is sometimes found also, it turns pink upon high temperature treatment. ... MÃ¶ssbauer spectroscopy is a spectroscopic technique based on the MÃ¶ssbauer effect. ... Muscovite layer Muscovite, also known as potash mica, is a phyllosilicate mineral of aluminium and potassium with formula: KAl2(AlSi3O10)(F,OH)2. ... Airborne exposure limit 0. ...

N

Naphthalene — natural abundance — Neodymium — neon — Nephiline — Neptunium — Nernst equation — neutron — neutron activation analysis — Nickel — Nikolay Nikolaevich Semenov — Nils Gabriel Sefström — Niobite — Niobite-tantalite — Niobium — nitrate — Nitric acid — Nitric oxide — nitrogen — Nitroglycerine — Nitrous oxide — Nobel Prize in Chemistry — Nobelium — Noble gas — Nonmetal — nuclear magnetic resonance — Nucleic Acid — Nucleophile — Naphthalene (also known as naphthalin, naphthaline, tar camphor, white tar, albocarbon, or naphthene) is a crystalline, aromatic, white, solid hydrocarbon, best known as the primary ingredient of mothballs. ... Natural abundance refers to the prevalence of different isotopes of an element as found in nature. ... General Name, Symbol, Number neodymium, Nd, 60 Chemical series lanthanides Group, Period, Block ?, 6, f Appearance silvery white, yellowish tinge Atomic mass 144. ... General Name, Symbol, Number neon, Ne, 10 Chemical series noble gases Group, Period, Block 18, 2, p Appearance colorless Atomic mass 20. ... Nephiline ((Na,K)AlSiO4) is a mineral found almost exclusively in the zinc deposits at Franklin, New Jersey, often in intimate mixture with franklinite and willemite. ... General Name, Symbol, Number neptunium, Np, 93 Chemical series actinides Group, Period, Block ?, 7, f Appearance silvery metallic Atomic mass (237) g/mol Electron configuration [Rn] 5f4 6d1 7s2 Electrons per shell 2, 8, 18, 32, 22, 9, 2 Physical properties Phase solid Density (near r. ... In electrochemistry, the Nernst equation gives the electrode potential (E), relative to the standard electrode potential, (E0), of the electrode couple or, equivalently, of the half cells of a battery. ... Properties In physics, the neutron is a subatomic particle with no net electric charge and a mass of 939. ... In chemistry, neutron activation analysis is a technique used to very accurately determine the concentrations of elements in a sample. ... General Name, Symbol, Number nickel, Ni, 28 Chemical series transition metals Group, Period, Block 10, 4, d Appearance lustrous, metallic Atomic mass 58. ... Nikolay Nikolayevich Semyonov (Никола́й Никола́евич Семёнов) (April 15 (April 3, Old Style), 1896 – September 25, 1986) was a Russian/Soviet physicist and chemist. ... Nils Gabriel SefstrÃ¶m (June 2, 1787 - November 30, 1845) Swedish chemist. ... ... General Name, Symbol, Number niobium, Nb, 41 Chemical series transition metals Group, Period, Block 5, 5, d Appearance gray metallic Atomic mass 92. ... In inorganic chemistry, nitrates are the salts of nitric acid. ... Flash point not applicable R/S statement R: ? S: ? RTECS number ? Supplementary data page Structure and properties n, Îµr, etc. ... The chemical compound nitric oxide is a gas with chemical formula NO. It is an important signaling molecule in the body of mammals including humans, one of the few gaseous signaling molecules known. ... This article does not cite its references or sources. ... Nitroglycerin (also nitroglycerine, trinitroglycerin, or glyceryl trinitrate) is a chemical compound, a heavy, colorless, poisonous, oily, explosive liquid obtained by nitrating glycerol. ... Nitrous oxide, also known as dinitrogen oxide or dinitrogen monoxide, is a chemical compound with chemical formula N2O. Under room conditions it is a colourless non-flammable gas, with a pleasant, slightly sweet odor. ... This is a list of Nobel Prize laureates in Chemistry from 1901 to the present day. ... General Name, Symbol, Number nobelium, No, 102 Chemical series actinides Group, Period, Block ?, 7, f Appearance unknown, probably silvery white or metallic gray Atomic mass (259) g/mol Electron configuration [Rn] 5f14 7s2 Electrons per shell 2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 8, 2 Physical properties Phase solid Melting point 1100... The noble gases are the chemical elements in group 18 (old-style Group 0) of the periodic table. ... Together with the metals and metalloids, a nonmetal is one of three categories of chemical elements as distinguished by ionisation and bonding properties. ... Pacific Northwest National Laboratorys high magnetic field (800 MHz) NMR spectrometer being loaded with a sample. ... A nucleic acid is a complex, high-molecular-weight biochemical macromolecule composed of nucleotide chains that convey genetic information. ... In chemistry, a nucleophile (literally nucleus lover) is a reagent which is attracted to centres of positive charge. ...

O

Octane — Odd Hassel — ohm — Olivine — Opal — Optical isomerism — Orbitals — Organic chemistry — organic compound — Organic nomenclature — Organic reaction — Organic synthesis — Orthoclase — Osmium — Osmium tetroxide — Otto Hahn — Otto Paul Hermann Diels — Otto Wallach — Oxidation — Oxidation number — oxidation state — oxide — oxygen — Octane is an alkane hydrocarbon with the chemical formula CH3(CH2)6CH3. ... Odd Hassel was a Norwegian physical chemist and Nobel Laureate. ... The ohm (symbol: Î©) is the SI unit of electric resistance. ... Olivine The mineral olivine is a magnesium iron silicate with the formula (Mg,Fe)2SiO4 in which the ratio of magnesium and iron varies between the two endmembers of the series: forsterite (Mg-rich) and fayalite (Fe-rich). ... The mineraloid opal is amorphous SiO2Â·nH2O; hydrated silicon dioxide, the water content sometimes being as high as 20%. Opal ranges from colorless through white, milky blue, gray, red, yellow, green, brown and black. ... Optical isomerism is a form of isomerism (specifically stereoisomerism) where the two different isomers are the same in every way except being non-superposable mirror images1 of each other. ... The term orbital has several meanings: in physics and chemistry it is used to describe an atomic electron configuration, see also molecular orbital and atomic orbital. ... Organic chemistry is the scientific study of the structure, properties, composition, reactions, and synthesis of organic compounds that by definition contain carbon. ... An organic compound is any member of a large class of chemical compounds whose molecules contain carbon, with the exception of carbides, carbonates, carbon oxides and gases containing carbon. ... Organic nomenclature is the system established for naming and grouping organic compounds. ... Organic reactions are chemical reactions between organic compounds. ... Organic synthesis is the construction of organic molecules via chemical processes. ... Feldspar (from the German Feld, field, and Spat, a rock that does not contain ore) is the name of an important group of rock-forming minerals which make up perhaps as much as 60% of the Earths crust. ... General Name, Symbol, Number osmium, Os, 76 Chemical series transition metals Group, Period, Block 8, 6, d Appearance silvery, blue cast Atomic mass 190. ... The chemical compound osmium tetroxide (OsO4) is an oxide of the element osmium, in which it attains its highest oxidation number of 8. ... Otto Hahn (March 8, 1879 â€“ July 28, 1968) was a German chemist. ... Otto Paul Hermann Diels (January 23, 1876 - March 7, 1954), a German chemist. ... Otto Wallach (March 27, 1847 at KÃ¶nigsberg - February 26, 1931 at GÃ¶ttingen) was a German Chemist who won the Nobel Prize in 1910 for work on alicyclic compounds. ... The most fundamental reactions in chemistry are the redox processes. ... The oxidation state or oxidation number is defined as the sum of negative and positive charges in an atom, which indirectly indicates the number of electrons it has accepted or donated. ... The oxidation state or oxidation number is defined as the sum of negative and positive charges in an atom, which indirectly indicates the number of electrons it has accepted or donated. ... An oxide is a chemical compound of oxygen with other chemical elements. ... General Name, Symbol, Number oxygen, O, 8 Chemical series Chalcogens Group, Period, Block 16, 2, p Appearance colorless Atomic mass 15. ...

P

p block — paint — Palagonite — Palladium — Parabens — Partial pressure — Pascal — Paul Berg — Paul D. Boyer — Paul J. Crutzen — Paul J. Flory — Paul Karrer — Paul Sabatier — Pauling scale — Pegmatite — Pentlandite — Peptide — perchlorate — Peridotite — Period 1 element — Period 2 element — Period 3 element — Period 4 element — Period 5 element — period 6 element — Period 7 element — periodic table — periodic table block — periodic table group — periodic table period — Periodic table series — Periodic table (alternate) — Periodic table (big) — Periodic table (electron configurations) — Periodic table (extended) — Periodic table (large version) — Periodic table (metals and non-metals) — Periodic table (standard) — Periodic table (wide) — Periodicity — Perlite — pesticide — Petalite — Peter D. Mitchell — Peter Debye — pH — phases of matter — Phenacite — phenol — phenyl — Phlogopite — Phosphorite — Phosphorus — Phosphoric acid — Phthalates — Phyllite — Physical chemistry — physics — physiologically active compound — picometre — Picric acid — Plagioclase — Platinum — Plivine — Plutonium — Pnictogen — Pollucite — pollution — Polonium — polymer — Polymerization — Poor metal — Porphyrin — Potassium — Potassium nitrate — Praseodymium — Prehnite — Promethium — Propane — Protactinium — Protein — Proton — Pumice — Pumicite — Purine — Putrescine — Pyridine — Pyrimidine — Pyrite — Pyrochlore — Pyroluria — Pyroxene — Pyrrole — The p-block of the periodic table of elements consists of the last six groups. ... For information on the U.S. borough, see Paint, Pennsylvania. ... Palagonite is a form of volcanic glass similar to obsidian but with a chemical composition more closely related to basalt. ... General Name, Symbol, Number palladium, Pd, 46 Chemical series transition metals Group, Period, Block 10, 5, d Appearance silvery white metallic Atomic mass 106. ... Parabens are a group of chemicals widely used as preservatives in the cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries. ... The partial pressure of a gas in a mixture or solution is what the pressure of that gas would be if all other components of the mixture or solution suddenly vanished without its temperature changing. ... The pascal (symbol Pa) is the SI unit of pressure. ... Paul Berg, born June 30, 1926 in Brooklyn, New York, USA, is an American biochemist and professor emeritus at Stanford University. ... Paul Delos Boyer (born July 31, 1918) is an American biochemist. ... Paul J. Crutzen (December 3rd, 1933 - ) is a Dutch nobel prize winning atmospheric chemist. ... ... Paul Karrer (April 21, 1889 â€“ June 18, 1971) was a Swiss organic chemist best known for his work on vitamins. ... Paul Sabatier was born at Carcassonne in southern France on November 5, 1854. ... Electronegativity is a measure of the attraction that an atom has for the bonding pair of electrons in a covalent bond. ... Pegmatite is a very coarse-grained igneous rock that has a grain size of 20 mm or more; such rocks are referred to as pegmatitic. ... Pentlandite is a iron-nickel sulfide, (Fe,Ni)9S8. ... Peptides (from the Greek Ï€ÎµÏ€Ï„Î¿Ï‚, digestible), are the family of molecules formed from the linking, in a defined order, of various amino acids. ... Perchlorates are the salts of perchloric acid (HClO4). ... Peridotite Peridotite is a dense, coarse grained ultrabasic rock, consisting mainly of the minerals olivine and pyroxene. ... A period 1 element is one of the chemical elements in the first row (or period) of the periodic table of the elements. ... A period 2 element is one of the chemical elements in the second row (or period) of the periodic table of the elements. ... A period 3 element is one of the chemical elements in the third row (or period) of the periodic table of the elements. ... A period 4 element is one of the chemical elements in the fourth row (or period) of the periodic table of the elements. ... A period 5 element is one of the chemical elements in the fifth row (or period) of the periodic table of the elements. ... A period 6 element is one of the chemical elements in the sixth row (or period) of the periodic table of the elements, including the Lanthanides. ... A period 7 element is one of the chemical elements in the seventh row (or period) of the periodic table of the elements. ... The periodic table of the chemical elements, also called the Mendeleev periodic table, is a tabular display of the known chemical elements first created in 1869 by Russian chemist Dmitri Mendeleev. ... A block of the periodic table of elements is a set of adjacent groups. ... A periodic table group is a vertical column in the periodic table of the chemical elements. ... In the periodic table of the elements, a period is a row of the table. ... A chemical series is a group of chemical elements whose physical and chemical characteristics vary progressively from one end of the series to another. ... The Alternate Table is a periodic table perpendicularly rotated counterclockwise, hence like in many writing systems, the lower groups are to the left and the number increases to the right. ... Category: ... electron numbers indicate subshells that are filled to their maximum. ... This extended periodic table was suggested by Glenn T. Seaborg in 1969. ... â€ A value in brackets, such as [259. ... Color coding for atomic numbers: Elements numbered in blue are liquids at Standard Temperature and Pressure (STP); those in green are gases at STP; those in black are solid at STP; those in red are synthetic (all are solid at STP). ... For information about the period table of elements, see Periodic table. ... Color coding for atomic numbers: Elements numbered in blue are liquids at Standard Temperature and Pressure (STP); those numbered in green are gases at STP; those numbered in black are solid at STP; those numbered in red are synthetic (all are solid at STP). ... Periodicity is the quality of occurring at regular intervals (e. ... Expanded Perlite Perlite is an amorphous volcanic glass that has a relatively high water content. ... An airplane spreading pesticide. ... Petalite is a lithium aluminiumtectosilicate mineral LiAlSi4O10, crystallizing in the monoclinic system. ... Peter D. Mitchell was an English biochemist. ... Peter Joseph William Debye (March 24, 1884 - November 2, 1966) (born Petrus Josephus Wilhelmus Debije) was a Dutch physical chemist. ... The correct title of this article is pH. The initial letter is capitalized due to technical restrictions. ... In the physical sciences, a phase is a set of states of a macroscopic physical system that have relatively uniform chemical composition and physical properties (i. ... Phenacite or phenakite is a nesosilicate mineral consisting of beryllium orthosilicate, Be2SiO4. ... Phenol, also known under the old name carbolic acid, is a colorless crystalline solid with a typical sweet tarry odor. ... In chemistry, the phenyl group or phenyl ring (often abbreviated as -Ph) is the functional group with the formula -C6H5 Picture where the six carbon atoms are arranged in a cyclic manner. ... Phlogopite is a yellow, greenish or reddish brown member of the mica family of phyllosilicates. ... Apatite is a group of minerals, usually referring to: hydroxylapatite, fluorapatite, and chlorapatite, named for high concentrations of OH-, F-, or Cl- ions, respectively, in the crystal lattice. ... This article is about the chemical element. ... R-phrases S-phrases , , Supplementary data page Structure and properties n, Îµr, etc. ... R,R=CnH2n+1; n=4-15 Phthalates are a group of chemical compounds that are mainly used as plasticizers -- substances added to plastics to increase their flexibility. ... Phyllite Phyllite is a type of metamorphic rock primarily composed of quartz, sericite mica, and chlorite; the rock is intermediate in grade between slate and mica schist. ... Physical Chemistry is the combined science of physics, chemistry, thermodynamics, and quantum mechanics which functions to provide molecular-level interpretations of observed macroscopic phenomena. ... Since antiquity, people have tried to understand the behavior of matter: why unsupported objects drop to the ground, why different materials have different properties, and so forth. ... Picometre (American spelling: picometer) is an SI measure of length that is equal to 10−12 of a metre. ... Picric acid is the common term for the chemical compound 2,4,6-trinitrophenol, also known as TNP; the material is a yellow crystalline solid. ... Plagioclase feldspar Plagioclase feldspars are a very important group of igneous rock forming tectosilicate minerals. ... General Name, Symbol, Number platinum, Pt, 78 Chemical series transition metals Group, Period, Block 10, 6, d Appearance grayish white Atomic mass 195. ... General Name, Symbol, Number plutonium, Pu, 94 Chemical series actinides Group, Period, Block ?, 7, f Appearance silvery white Atomic mass (244) g/mol Electron configuration [Rn] 5f6 7s2 Electrons per shell 2, 8, 18, 32, 24, 8, 2 Physical properties Phase solid Density (near r. ... The group 15 elements(a. ... Environmental Pollution is the release of harmful environmental contaminants, or the substances so released. ... General Name, Symbol, Number polonium, Po, 84 Chemical series metalloids Group, Period, Block 16, 6, p Appearance silvery Atomic mass (209) g/mol Electron configuration [Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p4 Electrons per shell 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 6 Physical properties Phase solid Density (near r. ... Polymer is a generic term used to describe a very long molecule consisting of structural units and repeating units connected by covalent chemical bonds. ... Polymerization is a process of reacting monomer molecules together in a chemical reaction to form linear chains or a three-dimensional network of polymer chains [1]. There are many forms of polymerization and different systems exist to categorize them. ... The poor metals or post-transition metals are the metallic elements of the p-block of the periodic table, occurring between the metalloids and the transition metals. ... A porphyrin is a heterocyclic macrocycle made from 3 pyrrole subunits and one pyrroline subunit, and linked on opposite sides through 4 methine bridges. ... General Name, Symbol, Number potassium, K, 19 Chemical series alkali metals Group, Period, Block 1, 4, s Appearance silvery white Atomic mass 39. ... R-phrases S-phrases Supplementary data page Structure and properties n, Îµr, etc. ... For other meanings of the abbreviation Pr or PR, see Pr and PR. General Name, Symbol, Number praseodymium, Pr, 59 Chemical series lanthanides Group, Period, Block ?, 6, f Appearance silvery white, yellowish tinge Atomic mass 140. ... Prehnite is a phyllosilicate of calcium and aluminium with the formula: Ca2Al(AlSi3O10)(OH)2. ... General Name, Symbol, Number promethium, Pm, 61 Chemical series lanthanides Group, Period, Block ?, 6, f Appearance metallic Atomic mass (145) g/mol Electron configuration [Xe] 4f5 6s2 Electrons per shell 2, 8, 18, 23, 8, 2 Physical properties Phase solid Density (near r. ... R-phrases S-phrases , , Flash point -104 Â°C Autoignition temperature 432 Â°C Explosive limits 2. ... General Name, Symbol, Number protactinium, Pa, 91 Chemical series actinides Group, Period, Block ?, 7, f Appearance bright, silvery metallic luster Atomic mass 231. ... A representation of the 3D structure of myoglobin, showing coloured alpha helices. ... Properties In physics, the proton (Greek proton = first) is a subatomic particle with an electric charge of one positive fundamental unit (1. ... Specimen of highly porous pumice from Teide volcano on Tenerife, Canary Islands. ... Categories: Mineral stubs | Igneous rocks | Volcanology ... Purine is a heterocyclic aromatic organic compound, consisting of a pyrimidine ring fused to an imidazole ring. ... Putrescine (sometimes spelled putrescin or putrescene) is an organic chemical compound NH2(CH2)4NH2 (1,4-diaminobutane or butanediamine) formed by and having the smell of rotting flesh. ... R-phrases , , , S-phrases , , Flash point 20 Â°C Supplementary data page Structure and properties n, Îµr, etc. ... Pyrimidine is a heterocyclic aromatic organic compound similar to benzene and pyridine, containing two nitrogen atoms at positions 1 and 3 of the six-member ring. ... The mineral pyrite, or iron pyrite, is iron disulfide, FeS2. ... Pyrochlore (Na,Ca)2Nb2O6(OH,F) is a niobate of calcium, cerium, and other bases, occurring usually in octahedrons of a yellowish or brownish color and resinous luster. ... Pyroluria, or malvaria (from the term mauve factor), is the metabolic condition when a person has too many pyrroles in the urine. ... Figure 1:Mantle-peridotite xenolith with green peridot olivine and black pyroxene crystals from San Carlos Indian Reservation, Gila Co. ... Pyrrole is a heterocyclic aromatic organic compound. ...

Q

Quantitative analysis — quantum chemistry — Quartz — Quartzite — Quantitative analysis has different meanings in different contexts. ... Linus Pauling, as a pioneer of the valence bond theory, is one of the first quantum chemists. ... Quartz is the most abundant mineral in the Earths continental crust. ... Quartzite Quartzite is a hard, metamorphic rock which was originally sandstone. ...

R

radioisotope — Radium — Radon — Radon fluoride — Raman spectroscopy — Raoult's law — Redox — Reduction — Reflux — Reversible reaction — Rhazes — Rhenium — Rhodium — Rhyolite — Rhyolitic — Richard Adolf Zsigmondy — Richard Kuhn — Richard Laurence Millington Synge — Richard Martin Willstätter — Richard R. Ernst — Richard Smalley — Riebeckite — Roald Hoffmann — Robert Bruce Merrifield — Robert Burns Woodward — Robert Curl — Robert G. Parr — Robert Huber — Robert S. Mulliken — Robert Wilhelm Bunsen — Rock crystal — Roentgenium — Ronald George Wreyford Norrish — Rose quartz — Roumanite — Rubidium — Ruby — Rudolph A. Marcus — Rudolph Pariser — Ruthenium — Rutherfordium — Rutile — Ryoji Noyori — A radionuclide is an atom with an unstable nucleus. ... General Name, Symbol, Number radium, Ra, 88 Chemical series alkaline earth metals Group, Period, Block 2, 7, s Appearance silvery white metallic Atomic mass (226) g/mol Electron configuration [Rn] 7s2 Electrons per shell 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 8, 2 Physical properties Phase solid Density (near r. ... General Name, Symbol, Number radon, Rn, 86 Chemical series noble gases Group, Period, Block 18, 6, p Appearance colorless Atomic mass (222) g/mol Electron configuration [Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p6 Electrons per shell 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 8 Physical properties Phase gas Melting point 202 K (-71 Â°C... Radon fluoride (RnF) is a compound of radon, an inert or noble gas. ... Raman spectroscopy is a spectroscopic technique used in condensed matter physics and chemistry to study vibrational, rotational, and other low-frequency modes in a system. ... In chemistry, Raoults law states that the vapor pressure of mixed liquids is dependent on the vapor pressures of the individual liquids and the molar vulgar fraction of each present in solution. ... Redox reactions include all chemical processes in which atoms have their oxidation number (oxidation state) changed. ... Reduction or reducing has several meanings: In mathematics, reduction is the process of manipulating a series of equations or matrices into a desired simpler format. ... Diagram of typical reflux apparatus. ... A reversible reaction is a chemical reaction that may be reversed. ... Rhazes-Treating a Patient (artist unknown) Abu Bakr Mohammad Ibn Zakariya al-Razi (born in Rayy, Iran, 864; died in Baghdad, Iraq, 930 AD) was a versatile Persian philosopher (hakim), who made fundamental and lasting contributions to the fields of medicine, chemistry (alchemy) and philosophy. ... General Name, Symbol, Number rhenium, Re, 75 Chemical series transition metals Group, Period, Block 7, 6, d Appearance grayish white Atomic mass 186. ... Rh redirects here. ... Rhyolite Rhyolite is an igneous, volcanic (extrusive) rock, of felsic composition, with aphanitic to porphyritic texture. ... Rhyolite Rhyolite is an igneous, volcanic (extrusive) rock, of felsic composition, with aphanitic to porphyritic texture. ... Richard Zsigmondy Richard Adolf Zsigmondy (April 1, 1865 in Vienna, Austria - September 23, 1929 in GÃ¶ttingen, Germany) was an Austrian-German chemist (his family was originally from Hungary) who studied colloids. ... Richard Kuhn (December 3, 1900 – August 1, 1967) was a German biochemist, born in Vienna, Austria. ... Richard Laurence Millington Synge (born Liverpool, October 28, 1914, died Norwich, August 18, 1994) was a British biochemist, and winner of the 1952 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for the invention of partition chromatography. ... Richard WillstÃ¤tter Richard Martin WillstÃ¤tter (August 13, 1872 â€“ August 3, 1942) was a German chemist whose study of the structure of chlorophyll and other plant pigments won him the 1915 Nobel Prize for Chemistry. ... Richard Robert Ernst (born August 14, 1933) is a Swiss chemist and Nobel Laureate. ... Richard Errett Smalley (June 6, 1943 â€“ October 28, 2005) was the Gene and Norman Hackerman Professor of Chemistry and a Professor of Physics and Astronomy at Rice University, in Houston, Texas. ... Riebeckite is a sodium-rich member of the amphibole group of minerals, chemical formula Na2(Fe,Mg)5Si8O22(OH)2. ... Roald Hoffmann (born July 18, 1937) is a Polish theoretical chemist. ... Robert Bruce Merrifield is an American biochemist. ... Robert Burns Woodward: On the blackboard is the structure of chlorophyll, one of many complex molecules that he synthesized (National Academy of Sciences Press) Robert Burns Woodward (April 10, 1917-July 8, 1979) was an American organic chemist, widely regarded as the preeminent organic chemist of the century. ... Robert Floyd Curl, Jr. ... Robert Ghormley Parr (born September 22, 1921) is a theoretical chemist. ... Robert Huber is a German biochemist and Nobel laureate. ... Robert Sanderson Mulliken (June 7, 1896 â€“ October 31, 1986) was an American physicist and chemist, primarily responsible for the elaboration of the molecular orbital method of computing the structure of molecules. ... Robert Wilhelm Bunsen (31st March, 1811 – 16th August, 1899) was a German chemist. ... For other uses of this word, see Quartz (disambiguation). ... General Name, Symbol, Number roentgenium, Rg, 111 Chemical series transition metals Group, Period, Block 11, 7, d Appearance unknown, probably silvery white or metallic gray Atomic mass (272) g/mol Electron configuration perhaps [Rn] 5f14 6d10 7s1 (guess based on gold) Electrons per shell 2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 18... Ronald George Wreyford Norrish (November 9, 1897 â€“ June 7, 1978) was a British chemist. ... An elephant carved in rose quartz, 4 inches (10 cm) long Rose quartz is a type of quartz which exhibits a pale pink to rose red hue. ... This is about the material called amber. ... General Name, Symbol, Number rubidium, Rb, 37 Chemical series alkali metals Group, Period, Block 1, 5, s Appearance silvery white Atomic mass 85. ... Ruby is a red gemstone, a variety of the mineral corundum (aluminium oxide) in which the color is caused mainly by chromium. ... Rudolph Rudy Arthur Marcus (born July 21, 1923) received the 1992 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for advancing the theory of the Electron transfer chain during the Light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis. ... Rudolph Pariser (born December 8, 1923) is a physical chemist and polymer chemist. ... General Name, Symbol, Number ruthenium, Ru, 44 Chemical series transition metals Group, Period, Block 8, 5, d Appearance silvery white metallic Atomic mass 101. ... General Name, Symbol, Number rutherfordium, Rf, 104 Chemical series transition metals Group, Period, Block 4, 7, d Appearance unknown, probably silvery white or metallic gray Atomic mass (261) g/mol Electron configuration probably [Rn] 5f14 6d2 7s2 Electrons per shell 2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 10, 2 Phase presumably a... Rutile in trellis texture characteristic of secondary rutile. ... Ryoji Noyori (é‡Žä¾è‰¯æ²») (born September 3, 1938) won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 2001. ...

S

s block — s-orbital — S.P.L. Sørensen — salt — Saltpetre — Salvinorin-A — Samarium — Samarskite — Sand — Sapphire — Sard — Scandium — Scheelite — Schist — scientific notation — Seaborgium — Selenium — semiconductor — Serpentine — SI — Sidney Altman — Silane — silicon — Silicon dioxide — Sillimanite — Simple aromatic rings — silver — Simetite — Sir Cyril Norman Hinshelwood — Sir Robert Robinson — Sir William Ramsay — skeletal formula — skin — Smectite — Smoky quartz — Soapstone — Soda niter — sodium — Sodium bicarbonate — Sodium carbonate — Sodium chloride — Sodium cyanide — Sodium hydroxide — Sodium hypochlorite — solid — solid state chemistry — soluble — solution — Solvent — solvation — solvent — species — Specific heat capacity — Spectroscopy — Speed of sound — Sperrylite — Spinel — Spodumeme — stable isotope — standard temperature and pressure — Standard Ambient Temperature and Pressure — Stanford Moore — Stannite — Stantienite — State of matter — Staurolite — Steatite — Stereochemistry — Stoichiometry — Strontianite — Strontium — structural formula — Sublimation — sulfate — sulfur — Sulfur dioxide — Sulfuric acid — superconductor — surface chemistry— suspension (chemistry) — Svante Arrhenius — Syenite — Sylvite — synthetic radioisotope — systematic element name — The s-block of the periodic table of the elements consists of the first two groups: the alkali metals and alkaline earth metals, plus hydrogen and helium. ... Electron configuration is the arrangement of electrons in an atom, molecule or other body. ... SÃ¸ren Peder Lauritz SÃ¸rensen, born in Havrebjerg, Denmark on January 9, 1868 and died on February 12, 1939, was a Danish chemist. ... In chemistry, salt is a term used for ionic compounds composed of positively charged cations and negatively charged anions, so that the product is neutral and without a net charge. ... Saltpeter is variously: potassium nitrate (niter); or sodium nitrate (soda niter) ... Salvinorin A is the main active psychotropic constituent of the plant Salvia divinorum (diviners sage, Mexican mint). ... General Name, Symbol, Number Samarium, Sm, 62 Chemical series Lanthanides Group, Period, Block _ , 6 , f Density, Hardness 7353 kg/m3, no data Appearance silvery white Atomic properties Atomic weight 150. ... Samarskite is a radioactive mineral with the empirical formula of Categories: Mineral stubs | Minerals ... Patterns in the sand Sand is an example of a class of materials called granular matter. ... Sapphire is the single-crystal form of aluminium oxide (Al2O3), a mineral known as corundum. ... Sard is a reddish-brown chalcedony, SiO2, much used by the ancients as a gemstone. ... General Name, Symbol, Number scandium, Sc, 21 Chemical series transition metals Group, Period, Block 3, 4, d Appearance silvery white Atomic mass 44. ... Scheelite is a calcium tungstate mineral with the chemical formula CaWO4. ... Categories: Mineral stubs | Metamorphic rocks ... This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ... General Name, Symbol, Number seaborgium, Sg, 106 Chemical series transition metals Group, Period, Block 6, 7, d Appearance unknown, probably silvery white or metallic gray Atomic mass (266) g/mol Electron configuration perhaps [Rn] 5f14 6d4 7s2 (guess based on tungsten) Electrons per shell 2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 12... General Name, Symbol, Number selenium, Se, 34 Chemical series nonmetals Group, Period, Block 16, 4, p Appearance gray, metallic luster Atomic mass 78. ... A semiconductor is a material with an electrical conductivity that is intermediate between that of an insulator and a conductor. ... Serpentine Serpentine is a group of common rock-forming hydrous magnesium iron phyllosilicate ((Mg,Fe)3Si2O5(OH)4) minerals; it is also often rich in other metal ores, including chromium, manganese, cobalt and nickel. ... The International System of Units (abbreviated SI from the French language name SystÃ¨me International dUnitÃ©s) is the modern form of the metric system. ... Sidney Altman (born May 7, 1939) is a Canadian-born molecular biologist, who is currently the Sterling Professor of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology and Chemistry at Yale University. ... Silane is a chemical compound with chemical formula SiH4. ... General Name, Symbol, Number silicon, Si, 14 Chemical series metalloids Group, Period, Block 14, 3, p Appearance dark gray, bluish tinge Atomic mass 28. ... R-phrases S-phrases Flash point non-flammable Supplementary data page Structure and properties n, Îµr, etc. ... Sillimanite: Biotite gneiss (Mesozoic and Paleozoic) Sillimanite is an alumino-sillicate mineral with the chemical formula Al2SiO5. ... Simple aromatic rings are aromatic organic compounds (also known as arenes or aromatics) that consist only of conjugated planar ring systems with delocalized pi electron clouds instead of discrete alternating single and double bonds. ... General Name, Symbol, Number silver, Ag, 47 Chemical series transition metals Group, Period, Block 11, 5, d Appearance lustrous white metal Atomic mass 107. ... This is about the material called amber. ... Sir Cyril Norman Hinshelwood was an English physical chemist. ... Sir Robert Robinson (1886 - 1975). ... Categories: People stubs | 1852 births | 1916 deaths | Nobel Prize in Chemistry winners | Discoverer of a chemical element ... A skeletal formula is a three-dimensional model of the molecule that demonstrates the molecular shape, including bond angles. ... Model of the layers of human skin In zootomy and dermatology, skin is an organ of the integumentary system composed of a layer of tissues that protect underlying muscles and organs. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Clay. ... Categories: Mineral stubs | Minerals | Quartz varieties ... The lid of a soapstone box to show the characteristic look of the stone. ... Soda niter is a mineral form of sodium nitrate, NaNO3, which see for more info. ... General Name, Symbol, Number sodium, Na, 11 Chemical series alkali metals Group, Period, Block 1, 3, s Appearance silvery white Atomic mass 22. ... Sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3), or sodium hydrogen carbonate, also known as baking soda and bicarbonate of soda, is a soluble white anhydrous or crystalline chemical compound, with a slight alkaline taste resembling that of sodium carbonate. ... Sodium carbonate or soda ash, Na2CO3, is a sodium salt of carbonic acid. ... Flash point Non-flammable R/S statement R: none S: none RTECS number VZ4725000 Supplementary data page Structure and properties n, Îµr, etc. ... Sodium cyanide is a highly toxic chemical compound, also known as sodium salt of hydrocyanic acid and cyanogran. ... Flash point non flammable Supplementary data page Structure and properties n, Îµr, etc. ... Sodium hypochlorite is a chemical compound with the formula NaClO. A solution of sodium hypochlorite is frequently used as a disinfectant and as a bleaching agent; indeed, often it is simply called bleach, though other chemicals are sometimes given that name as well. ... In jewelry, a solid gold piece is the alternative to gold-filled or gold-plated jewelry. ... Solid-state chemistry is the study of solid materials, which may be molecular. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Solution. ... Dissolving table salt in water In chemistry, a solution is a homogeneous mixture of one or more substances (the solutes) dissolved in another substance (the solvent). ... A solvent is a liquid that dissolves a solid, liquid, or gaseous solute, resulting in a solution. ... Solvation is the attraction and association of molecules of a solvent with molecules or ions of a solute. ... A solvent is a liquid that dissolves a solid, liquid, or gaseous solute, resulting in a solution. ... Chemical species is a common, general name for atoms, molecules, molecular fragments and ions as entities being subjected to a chemical process or to a measurement. ... The specific heat capacity (symbol c or s, also called specific heat) of a substance is defined as heat capacity per unit mass. ... Extremely high resolution spectrum of the Sun showing thousands of elemental absorption lines (fraunhofer lines) Spectroscopy is the study of spectra, that is, the dependence of physical quantities on frequency. ... The speed of sound c (from Latin celeritas, velocity) varies depending on the medium through which the sound waves pass. ... Sperrylite is a platinum arsenide mineral with formula: PtAs2. ... The spinels are any of class of minerals which crystallize in the isometric system with an octahedral habit. ... This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ... Temperature and air pressure can vary from one place to another on the Earth, and can also vary in the same place with time. ... Temperature and air pressure can vary from one place to another on the Earth, and can also vary in the same place with time. ... Stanford Moore (September 4, 1913 â€“ August 23, 1982) was a U.S. biochemist. ... Stannite is a mineral, a sulphide of copper, iron, and tin. ... This is about the material called amber. ... In the physical sciences, a phase is a set of states of a macroscopic physical system that have relatively uniform chemical composition and physical properties (i. ... Staurolite Staurolite is a red brown to black mostly opaque nesosilicate mineral with a white streak. ... An Egyptian carved and glazed steatite scarab amulet - circa 550 BC. Steatite (ste-a-tite), also known as Potstone and Lapis ollaris is a type of soapstone which is almost purely talc. ... Stereochemistry, a subdiscipline of chemistry, involves the study of the relative spatial arrangement of atoms within molecules. ... In chemistry, stoichiometry is the study and calculation of quantitative (measurable) relationships of the reactants and products in chemical reactions (chemical equations). ... Strontianite (SrCO3) is a mineral consisting of strontium carbonate. ... General Name, Symbol, Number strontium, Sr, 38 Chemical series alkaline earth metals Group, Period, Block 2, 5, s Appearance silvery white metallic Atomic mass 87. ... Many chemical compounds, especially hydrocarbons, can exist in different geometric configurations. ... Sublimation of an element or substance is a conversion between the solid and the gaseous phases of matter, with no intermediate liquid stage. ... In inorganic chemistry, a sulfate (IUPAC-recommended spelling; also sulphate in British English) is a polyatomic anion or a compound containing this group. ... General Name, Symbol, Number sulfur, S, 16 Chemical series nonmetals Group, Period, Block 16, 3, p Appearance lemon yellow Atomic mass 32. ... Sulfur dioxide (or Sulphur dioxide) has the chemical formula SO2. ... Sulfuric acid (British English: sulphuric acid), H2SO4, is a strong mineral acid. ... Superconductivity is a phenomenon occurring in certain materials at low temperatures, characterised by the complete absence of electrical resistance and the damping of the interior magnetic field (the Meissner effect. ... Surface chemistry is the study of chemical phenomena that occur at the interface of two phases, usually between a gas and a solid or between a liquid and a solid. ... Flour suspended in water In chemistry, a suspension is a dispersion (mixture) in which a finely-divided species is combined with another species, with the former being so finely divided and mixed that it doesnt rapidly settle out. ... Svante August Arrhenius Svante August Arrhenius (February 19, 1859 â€“ October 2, 1927) was a Swedish chemist and one of the founders of the science of physical chemistry. ... Syenite Syenite is a coarse-grained intrusive igneous rock of the same general composition as granite but with the quartz either absent or present in relatively small amounts. ... Overview The chemical compound potassium chloride (KCl) is a metal halide composed of potassium and chlorine. ... A Synthetic radioisotope is a radionuclide that is not found in nature: no natural process or mechanism exists which produces it, or it is so unstable that it decays away in a very short period of time. ... In chemistry, heavy transuranic elements receive a permanent name and symbol only after their discovery has been confirmed. ...

T

Tabun — Talc — Talcum — Tantalite — Tantalum — Tanzanite — Teallite — Technetium — Telluride — Tellurium — Terbium — Tetryl — Thallium — Theodor Svedberg — Theodore William Richards — Thermal conductivity — Thermochemistry — thermometer — Thiamin — thioether — Thomas Graham — Thomas R. Cech — Thorium — Thortveitite — Thulium — Timeline of biology and organic chemistry — Tin — Titanite — Titanium — Titanium dioxide — Titration — Toluene — Topaz — Tourmaline — toxic — transition metal — Tremolite — Trinitrotoluene — triple point — Troctolite — Tuff — Tungsten — Turquoise — Tutty — Tyrosine — Tabun or GA (Ethyl N,N-dimethylphosphoramidocyanidate) is an extremely toxic substance that is one of the worlds most dangerous weapons of war. ... Talc block Talc is a mineral composed of hydrated magnesium silicate with the chemical formula H2Mg3(SiO3)4 or Mg3Si4O10(OH)2. ... Tantalite is a mineral that is close to columbite. ... General Name, Symbol, Number tantalum, Ta, 73 Chemical series transition metals Group, Period, Block 5, 6, d Appearance gray blue Atomic mass 180. ... Tanzanite Tanzanite is the blue/purple variety of the mineral zoisite discovered in the Meralani Hills of northern Tanzania in 1967, near the city of Arusha. ... Teallite is a mineral, a sulphide of tin and lead, chemical formula PbSnS2. ... General Name, Symbol, Number technetium, Tc, 43 Chemical series transition metals Group, Period, Block 7, 5, d Appearance silvery gray metal Atomic mass (98) g/mol Electron configuration [Kr] 4d5 5s2 Electrons per shell 2, 8, 18, 13, 2 Physical properties Phase solid Density (near r. ... Telluride is either: A compound of a metal with the element Tellurium. ... General Name, Symbol, Number tellurium, Te, 52 Chemical series metalloids Group, Period, Block 16, 5, p Appearance silvery lustrous gray Atomic mass 127. ... General Name, Symbol, Number terbium, Tb, 65 Chemical series lanthanides Group, Period, Block ?, 6, f Appearance silvery white Atomic mass 158. ... Tetryl is a sensitive explosive compound used to make detonators. ... General Name, Symbol, Number thallium, Tl, 81 Chemical series poor metals Group, Period, Block 13, 6, p Appearance silvery white Atomic mass 204. ... Theodor (The) Svedberg (August 30, 1884 – February 25, 1971) was a Swedish chemist and Nobel laureate. ... Theodore William Richards was an American chemist. ... In physics, thermal conductivity, Î» or k, is the intensive property of a material which relates its ability to conduct heat. ... Thermochemistry is the application of thermodynamics to chemistry. ... A thermometer is a device used to measure temperatures or temperature changes. ... Thiamine mononitrate Thiamine or thiamin, also known as vitamin B1, is a colorless compound with chemical formula C12H17ClN4OS. It is soluble in water and insoluble in alcohol. ... A thioether (also known as a sulfide) is a functional group in organic chemistry that has the structure R-S-R, where R is any organic group. ... Thomas Graham (December 21, 1805 â€“ September 16, 1869) was born in Glasgow, Scotland. ... Thomas R. Cech received Nobel Prize in 1989 because he discovered the catalytic properties of RNA with Sidney Altman. ... General Name, Symbol, Number thorium, Th, 90 Chemical series transition metals Group, Period, Block ?, 7, f Appearance silvery white Atomic mass 232. ... Thortveitite is a mineral consisting of scandium yttrium silicate and is the primary source of scandium. ... General Name, Symbol, Number thulium, Tm, 69 Chemical series lanthanides Group, Period, Block ?, 6, f Appearance silvery gray Atomic mass 168. ... A Timeline of significant events in biology and organic chemistry // Before 1600 c. ... General Name, Symbol, Number tin, Sn, 50 Chemical series poor metals Group, Period, Block 14, 5, p Appearance silvery lustrous gray Atomic mass 118. ... Titanite Titanite or sphene is a calcium titanium nesosilicate mineral, CaTiSiO5. ... General Name, Symbol, Number titanium, Ti, 22 Chemical series transition metals Group, Period, Block 4, 4, d Appearance silvery metallic Atomic mass 47. ... Titanium dioxide, also known as titanium(IV) oxide or titania, is the naturally occurring oxide of titanium, chemical formula TiO2. ... Titration setup. ... Toluene, also known as methylbenzene or phenylmethane is a clear water-insoluble liquid with the typical smell of paint thinners, reminiscent of the sweet smell of the related compound benzene. ... This article is about the mineral or gemstone, for other uses see: Topaz (disambiguation). ... The tourmaline mineral group is chemically one of the most complicated groups of silicate minerals. ... For a list of biologically injurious substances, including toxins and other materials, as well as their effects, see poison. ... In chemistry, the term transition metal (sometimes also called a transition element) has two possible meanings: It commonly refers to any element in the d-block of the periodic table, including zinc and scandium. ... Amphibole (Hornblende) Amphibole defines an important group of dark-colored rock-forming inosilicate minerals composed of double chain SiO4 tetrahedra linked at the vertices and generally containing ions of iron and/ or magnesium in their structures. ... Trinitrotoluene (TNT, or Trotyl) is a pale yellow crystalline aromatic hydrocarbon compound that melts at 354 K (178 Â°F, 81 Â°C). ... In physics, the triple point of a substance is the temperature and pressure at which three phases (gas, liquid, and solid) of that substance may coexist in thermodynamic equilibrium. ... This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ... General Name, Symbol, Number tungsten, W, 74 Chemical series transition metals Group, Period, Block 6, 6, d Appearance grayish white, lustrous Atomic mass 183. ... Turquoise (or turquois) is opaque, blue-to-green hydrated copper aluminium phosphate mineral according to the chemical formula CuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8Â·5H2O. It is rare and valuable in finer grades and has been enjoyed as a gem and ornamental stone for thousands of years owing to its unique... Tyrosine (from the Greek tyros, meaning cheese, as it was first discovered in cheese), 4-hydroxyphenylalanine, or 2-amino-3(4-hydroxyphenyl)-propanoic acid, is one of the 20 amino acids that are used by cells to synthesize proteins. ...

U

onmouseover="pv(event, 1012)" onmouseout="unpv(1012)" style="">Ulexite — UN number — Unnilenium — Unnilhexium — Unniloctium — Unnilpentium — Unnilquadium — Unnilseptium — Ununbium — Ununhexium — Ununnilium — Ununoctium — Ununpentium — Ununquadium — Ununseptium — Ununtrium — Unununium — Uralite — Uraninite — Uranium — Urea — Uric acid — UV/VIS spectroscopy — Ulexite NaCaB5O9Â·8H2O (hydrated sodium calcium borate hydroxide) is a mineral occurring in silky white rounded crystalline masses or in parallel fibers. ... UN numbers or UN IDs are four-digit numbers that identify hazardous substances and products (such as explosives and poisonous materials) of commercial importance. ... Known properties Name, Symbol, Number seaborgium, Sg, 106 Chemical series Transition metals Group, Period, Block 6, 7 , d Appearance unknown Atomic weight [266] amu Electron configuration probably [Rn]5f14 6d4 7s2 e- s per energy level 2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 12, 2 State of matter presumably a solid Seaborgium... Known properties Name, Symbol, Number Hassium, Hs, 108 Chemical series Transition metals Group, Period, Block 8, 7 , d Appearance unknown Atomic weight [269] amu Electron configuration probably [Rn] 5f14 6d6 7s2 a guess based osmium e- s per energy level 2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 14, 2 State of matter... Known properties Name, Symbol, Number dubnium, Db, 105 Chemical series Transition metals Group, Period, Block 5, 7 , d Appearance unknown; probably metallic, silvery white or gray Atomic weight [262] amu Electron configuration probably [Rn]5f14 6d3 7s2 e- s per energy level 2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 11, 2 State... Known properties Name, Symbol, Number Rutherfordium, Rf, 104 Chemical series Transition metals Group, Period, Block 4, 7 , d Appearance unknown Atomic weight [261] amu Electron configuration probably [Rn]5f14 6d2 7s2 e- s per energy level 2,8,18,32,32,10,2 State of matter Presumably a solid Rutherfordium... Known properties Name, Symbol, Number Bohrium, Bh, 107 Chemical series Transition metals Group, Period, Block 7, 7, d Appearance unknown; probably metallic, silvery white or gray Atomic weight [264] amu Electron configuration probably [Rn]5f14 6d5 7s2 e- s per energy level 2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 13, 2 State... General Name, Symbol, Number ununbium, Uub, 112 Chemical series transition metals Group, Period, Block 12, 7, d Appearance unknown, probably silvery white or metallic gray Atomic mass (285) g/mol Electron configuration perhaps [Rn] 5f14 6d10 7s2 (guess based on mercury) Electrons per shell 2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 18... General Name, Symbol, Number ununhexium, Uuh, 116 Chemical series presumably poor metals Group, Period, Block 16, 7, p Appearance unknown, probably silvery white or metallic gray Atomic mass (292) g/mol Electron configuration perhaps [Rn] 5f14 6d10 7s2 7p4 (guess based on polonium) Electrons per shell 2, 8, 18, 32... Known properties Name, Symbol, Number Darmstadtium, Ds, 110 Chemical series Transition metals Group, Period, Block 10, 7 , d Appearance unknown Atomic weight [281] amu Electron configuration probably [Rn] 5f14 6d9 7s1 a guess based upon platinum e- s per energy level 2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 16, 2 State of... General Name, Symbol, Number ununoctium, Uuo, 118 Chemical series noble gases Group, Period, Block 18, 7, p Appearance unknown, probably colorless Atomic mass (293) g/mol Electron configuration perhaps [Rn] 5f14 6d10 7s2 7p6 (guess based on radon) Electrons per shell 2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 18, 8 Phase presumably... General Name, Symbol, Number ununpentium, Uup, 115 Chemical series presumably poor metals Group, Period, Block 15, 7, p Appearance unknown, probably silvery white or metallic gray Atomic mass (288) g/mol Electron configuration perhaps [Rn] 5f14 6d10 7s2 7p3 (guess based on bismuth) Electrons per shell 2, 8, 18, 32... General Name, Symbol, Number ununquadium, Uuq, 114 Chemical series presumably poor metals Group, Period, Block 14, 7, p Appearance unknown, probably silvery white or metallic gray Atomic mass (289) g/mol Electron configuration perhaps [Rn] 5f14 6d10 7s2 7p2 (guess based on lead) Electrons per shell 2, 8, 18, 32... General Name, Symbol, Number ununseptium, Uus, 117 Chemical series presumably halogens Group, Period, Block 17, 7, p Appearance unknown, probably dark metallic Atomic mass (291) g/mol Electron configuration perhaps [Rn] 5f14 6d10 7s2 7p5 (guess based on astatine) Electrons per shell 2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 18, 7 Phase... General Name, Symbol, Number ununtrium, Uut, 113 Chemical series presumably poor metals Group, Period, Block 13, 7, p Appearance unknown, probably silvery white or metallic gray Atomic mass (284) g/mol Electron configuration perhaps [Rn] 5f14 6d10 7s2 7p1 (guess based on thallium) Electrons per shell 2, 8, 18, 32... General Name, Symbol, Number roentgenium, Rg, 111 Chemical series transition metals Group, Period, Block 11, 7, d Appearance unknown, probably silvery white or metallic gray Atomic mass (272) g/mol Electron configuration perhaps [Rn] 5f14 6d10 7s1 (guess based on gold) Electrons per shell 2, 8, 18, 32, 32, 18... Epidiorite is a family of rocks consisting of metamorphosed forms of gabbro or diabase in which the original clinopyroxene (most often augite) has been replaced by the fibrous amphibole uralite. ... Uraninite is a uranium-rich mineral with a composition that is largely UO2 (uranium oxide), but which also contains UO3 and oxides of lead, thorium, and rare earths. ... General Name, Symbol, Number uranium, U, 92 Chemical series actinides Group, Period, Block ?, 7, f Appearance silvery gray metallic Atomic mass 238. ... Urea is an organic compound of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen and hydrogen, with the formula CON2H4 or (NH2)2CO. Urea is also known as carbamide, especially in the recommended International Non-proprietary Names (rINN) in use in Europe. ... Uric acid is an organic compound of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen and hydrogen and the structure shown right: Uric acid is the final oxidation product of purine metabolism in the human body and is found in small amounts in urine. ... Ultraviolet-Visible Spectroscopy or Ultraviolet-Visible Spectrophotometry (UV/ VIS) involves the spectroscopy of photons (spectrophotometry). ...

V

Valence — van der Waals radius — van der Waals' force — Vanadium — Vapor pressure — Vapour pressure — vermilion — Victor Grignard — Viktor Meyer — Vincent du Vigneaud — Vinyl — Vladimir Prelog — Vladimir Vasilevich Markovnikov — Valence is a scientific term in chemistry to describe electrons in the outermost orbital. ... The van der Waals radius of an atom is the radius of an imaginary hard sphere which can be used to model the atom for many purposes. ... In chemistry, the term Van der Waals force originally referred to all forms of intermolecular forces; however, in modern usage it tends to refer only to #London forces: those forces which arise from induced rather than permanent dipoles. ... Vanadium is a chemical element in the periodic table that has the symbol V and atomic number 23. ... The vapor pressure is the pressure (if the vapor is mixed with other gases, the partial pressure) of a vapor(this vapour being formed from molecules/atoms escaping from a liquid/solid). ... The vapor pressure is the pressure (if the vapor is mixed with other gases, the partial pressure) of a vapor. ... Vermilion, also spelled vermillion, when found naturally-occuring, is often a reddish orange pigment, used since antiquity, originally derived from the powdered mineral cinnabar. ... François Auguste Victor Grignard (born in Cherbourg, 6 May 1871, died in Lyon, 13 December 1935) was a Nobel Prize-winning French chemist. ... Viktor Meyer (8 September 1848 - 8 August 1897) was a German chemist and significant contributor to knowledge of both organic and inorganic chemistry. ... Vincent du Vigneaud (May 18, 1901 - December 11, 1978) was a U.S. biochemist. ... A vinyl is an organic molecule containing a vinyl group or alkene. ... Vladimir Prelog (July 23, 1906 â€“ January 7, 1998) was a renowned chemist from Bosnia-Herzegovina who worked in Prague, Zagreb and Zurich and who won the Nobel Prize in chemistry in 1975. ... Vladimir Vasilevich Markovnikov (December 22, 1838 in Nizhny Novgorod - February 1904) was a Russian chemist. ...

W

Walter Gilbert — Walter Kohn — Walter Norman Haworth — Walther Hermann Nernst — water — watt per metre-kelvin — Wendell Meredith Stanley — Wilhelm Ostwald — Willard Frank Libby — Willemite — William Francis Giauque — William H. Stein — William Hardin Graham — William Hyde Wollaston — William Lipscomb — William S. Knowles — Wiserine — Wolframite — Wollastonite — Walter Gilbert Walter Gilbert (born March 21, 1932) is an American physicist, biochemist, entrepreneur, and molecular biology pioneer. ... Walter Kohn (born March 9, 1923 in Vienna, Austria) is an Austrian-born American physicist who was awarded, with John A. Pople, the Nobel Prize in chemistry in 1998. ... Sir Walter Norman Haworth (March 19, 1883 – March 19, 1950) was a British chemist who is best known for his groundbreaking work on ascorbic acid (vitamin C). ... Walther Nernst. ... Water (from the Old English word wÃ¦ter; c. ... In physics, thermal conductivity, λ, is the quantity of heat transmitted, due to unit temperature gradient, in unit time under steady conditions in a direction normal to a surface of unit area, when the heat transfer is dependent only on the temperature gradient thermal conductivity = heat flow rate / (distance × temperature... Wendell Meredith Stanley (August 16, 1904 â€“ June 15, 1971) was an American biochemist, virologist and Nobel prize laureate. ... Wilhelm Ostwald Friedrich Wilhelm Ostwald (commonly just Wilhelm Ostwald) (September 2, 1853 - April 4, 1932) was a German chemist. ... Willard Frank Libby (December 17, 1908 – September 8, 1980) was an American chemist, famous for his role in the development of radiocarbon dating, a process which revolutionised archaeology. ... Willemite is a zinc silicate (Zn2SiO4)and a minor ore of zinc. ... William Giauque (May 12, 1895 – March 28, 1982) won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1949 for his studies in the properties of matter at temperatures close to absolute zero. ... William Howard Stein (1911 - 1980) was a U.S. biochemist. ... William Hyde Wollaston (August 6, 1766 â€“ December 22, 1828) was an English chemist who is famous for discovering two chemical elements and for developing a way to process platinum ore. ... William Nunn Lipscomb, Jr. ... William S. Knowles (born June 1, 1917) is a American chemist. ... Wolframite (Fe,Mn)WO4, is an iron manganese tungstate mineral that is the intermediate between ferberite (Fe2+ rich) and huebernite (Mn2+ rich). ... Wollastonite is a calcium inosilicate mineral (CaSiO3) that may contain small amounts of iron, magnesium, and manganese substituting for calcium. ...

X

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy — xenon — Xenotine — X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) is a surface sensitive analytic tool to study the surface composition and electronic state of a sample. ... General Name, Symbol, Number xenon, Xe, 54 Chemical series noble gases Group, Period, Block 18, 5, p Appearance colorless Atomic mass 131. ...

Y

YBCO — Ytterbium — Yttria — Yttrium — Yuan T. Lee — Yttrium barium copper oxide, or YBCO, chemical formula YBa2Cu3O7-δ, is a high-temperature superconductor with a superconducting temperature of 94K. Its discovery by C.W. Chu in 1987 launched the era of high-temperature superconductors. ... General Name, Symbol, Number Ytterbium, Yb, 70 Chemical series Lanthanides Group, Period, Block NA, 6, f Density, Hardness 6570 kg/m3, ND Appearance silvery white Atomic properties Atomic weight 173. ... Yttrium oxide is an oxide of yttrium. ... General Name, Symbol, Number yttrium, Y, 39 Chemical series transition metals Group, Period, Block 3, 5, d Appearance silvery white Atomic mass 88. ... Yuan Tseh Lee (Chinese: æŽé å“² Pinyin: LÇ YuÇŽnzhÃ©, Wade-Giles: LiÂ³ YÃ¼anÂ³-cheÂ²) (born November 19, 1936) is a famous chemist. ...

Z

Zeolite — zinc — Zinnwaldite — Zircon — Zirconium — Zone melting — Zyklon B — Zymology — Zeolite Zeolites (Greek, zein,to boil;lithos,a stone) are minerals that have a porous structure. ... General Name, Symbol, Number zinc, Zn, 30 Chemical series transition metals Group, Period, Block 12, 4, d Appearance bluish pale gray Atomic mass 65. ... Zinnwaldite (K Li Fe Al (AlSi3 ) O10 (OH, F)2; Potassium lithium iron aluminum silicate hydroxide fluoride) is a mineral in the mica group. ... Zircon is a mineral belonging to the group of nesosilicates. ... General Name, Symbol, Number zirconium, Zr, 40 Chemical series transition metals Group, Period, Block 4, 5, d Appearance silvery white Atomic mass 91. ... Zone melting is a method of separation by melting in which a series of molten zones traverses a long ingot of impure metal or chemical. ... Zyklon B label — Note that “Gift” translates as “poison” Zyklon B was the tradename of a pesticide ultimately used by Nazi Germany in some Holocaust gas chambers. ... Zymology is the science of fermentation. ...

Categories: Chemistry lists | Topic lists

Results from FactBites:

Chemistry - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (2381 words)
	Chemistry (derived from the Arabic word kimia, alchemy, where al is Arabic for the) is the science of matter that deals with the composition, structure, and properties of substances and with the transformations that they undergo.
	Inorganic chemistry is the study of the properties and reactions of inorganic compounds.
	Organic chemistry is the study of the structure, properties, composition, mechanisms, and reactions of organic compounds.

Encyclopedia: List of chemistry topics (7974 words)
	A much shorter list, covering the most important topics, is given at List of basic chemistry topics.
	Chemical compounds are listed separately at list of organic compounds, list of inorganic compounds or list of biomolecules.
	In chemistry, the molar volume of a substance is the ratio of the volume of a sample of that substance to the amount of substance (usually in mole) in the sample.

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