NationMaster - Encyclopedia: List of disabilities

Commonly recognized disabilities include: Disabilities are limitations in activity and/or functioning that are attributable to permanent medical conditions in physical, mental, emotional, and/or sensory domains and, significantly, are also due to societal responses to those limitations. ...

The term disability, as it is applied to humans, refers to any condition that impedes the completion of daily tasks using traditional methods. ... The term disability, as it is applied to humans, refers to any condition that impedes the completion of daily tasks using traditional methods. ... Talipes equinovarus, otherwise known as clubfoot, is a congenital disorder where the foot is turned inward (inversion) and in plantar flexion. ... Paralysis is the complete loss of muscle function for one or more muscle groups. ... Partial hand amputation For the song Amputations by Death Cab for Cutie, see You Can Play these Songs with Chords Amputation is the removal of a body extremity by trauma (also referred to as avulsion) or surgery. ... Cerebral palsy (CP) is an umbrella term encompassing a group of non-progressive, non-contagious neurological disorders that cause physical disability in human development, specifically the human movement and posture. ... Muscular dystrophy is a genetic condition that describes more than 30 genetic and hereditary muscle diseases. ... Arthritis (from Greek arthro-, joint + -itis, inflammation; plural: arthritides) is a group of conditions where there is damage caused to the joints of the body. ... Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is traditionally considered a chronic, inflammatory autoimmune disorder that causes the immune system to attack the joints. ... Osteoarthritis (OA, also known as degenerative arthritis or degenerative joint disease, and sometimes referred to as arthrosis or osteoarthrosis or in more colloquial terms wear and tear), is a condition in which low-grade inflammation results in pain in the joints, caused by wearing of the cartilage that covers and... A stroke, also known as cerebrovascular accident (CVA),[1] is an acute neurological injury in which the blood supply to a part of the brain is interrupted. ... Visual impairment is the functional loss of vision. ... Blindness is the condition of lacking visual perception due to physiological or psychological factors. ... Low vision is alternatively a general term used to describe lowered visual acuity, and a specific legal term in Canada and the United States used to designate someone with vision of 20/70 or less in the better eye with correction. ... Color blindness in humans is the inability to perceive differences between some or all colors that other people can distinguish. ... A cataract is an opacity that develops in the crystalline lens of the eye or in its envelope. ... Hearing impairment is a a full or partial decrease in the ability to detect sounds. ... Medicine In medicine, a persistent and lasting condition is said to be chronic (from Greek chronos). ... Cancer is a class of diseases or disorders characterized by uncontrolled division of cells and the ability of these cells to spread, either by direct growth into adjacent tissue through invasion, or by implantation into distant sites by metastasis (where cancer cells are transported through the bloodstream or lymphatic system). ... Autoimmune diseases arise from an overactive immune response of the body against substances and tissues normally present in the body. ... This article is about the syndrome. ... Renal failure is the condition in which the kidneys fail to function properly. ... Tuberculosis (abbreviated as TB for Tubercle Bacillus) is a common and deadly infectious disease caused by the mycobacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis or Mycobacterium bovis. ... This article is about the disease that features high blood sugar. ... Hypoglycemia (hypoglycÃ¦mia in the UK) is a medical term referring to a pathologic state produced by a lower than normal amount of sugar (glucose) in the blood. ... Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), also known as myalgic encephalomyelitis (ME), post-viral fatigue syndrome (PVFS), and various other names, is a syndrome (or group of syndromes) of unknown and possibly multiple etiologies, affecting the central nervous system (CNS), immune, and many other systems and organs. ... Dysautonomia is any disease or malfunction of the autonomic nervous system. ... Fibromyalgia (FM or FMS) is a chronic syndrome (constellation of signs and symptoms) characterized by diffuse or specific muscle, joint, or bone pain, fatigue, and a wide range of other symptoms. ... Segmental Spinal Cord Level and Function Level Function Cl-C6 Neck flexors Cl-T1 Neck extensors C3, C4, C5 Supply diaphragm (mostly C4) C5, C6 Shoulder movement, raise arm (deltoid); flexion of elbow (biceps); C6 externally rotates the arm (supinates) C6, C7, C8 Extends elbow and wrist (triceps and wrist... Head injury is a trauma to the head, that may or may not include injury to the brain (see also brain injury). ... The Scream, the famous painting commonly thought of as depicting the experience of mental illness. ... Fetal alcohol syndrome or FAS is a disorder of permanent birth defects that occurs in the offspring of women who drink alcohol during pregnancy. ... In the United States and Canada, the term learning disability is used to refer to psychological and neurological conditions that affect a persons communicative capacities and potential to be taught effectively. ... A phobia (from the Greek Ï†ÏŒÎ²Î¿Ï‚ fear), an irrational, persistent fear of certain situations, objects, activities, or persons. ... Agoraphobia is an anxiety disorder which primarily consists of the fear of experiencing a difficult or embarrassing situation from which the sufferer cannot escape. ... Acrophobia (from Greek , meaning summit) is an extreme or irrational fear of heights. ... The English suffix -phobia is used to describe fear or hatred (the latter is often ignored) of a particular thing or subject. ... Anxiety disorder is a blanket term covering several different forms of abnormal, pathological anxiety, fears, phobias and nervous conditions that may come on suddenly or gradually over a period of several years, and may impair or prevent the pursuing of normal daily routines. ... Clinical depression (also called major depressive disorder, or sometimes unipolar when compared with bipolar disorder) is a state of intense sadness, melancholia or despair that has advanced to the point of being disruptive to an individuals social functioning and/or activities of daily living. ... For other uses, see Bipolar. ... For other things named OCD, see OCD (disambiguation). ... In modern psychology, the term neurosis, also known as psychoneurosis or neurotic disorder, is a general term that refers to any mental imbalance that causes distress, but (unlike a psychosis or personality disorder) does not prevent rational thought or an individuals ability to function in daily life. ... Developmental disability is a term used to describe severe, life-long disabilities attributable to mental and/or physical impairments, manifested before the age of 22. ... It has been suggested that Reading Difficulties and Dyslexia be merged into this article or section. ... DISCLAIMER Please remember that Wikipedia is offered for informational use only. ... DISCLAIMER Please remember that Wikipedia is offered for informational use only. ... Hyperactivity can be described as a state in which a person is abnormally easily excitable and exuberant. ... Autism is classified by the World Health Organization and American Psychological Association as a developmental disability that results from a disorder of the human central nervous system. ... Mental retardation is a term for a pattern of persistently slow learning of basic motor and language skills (milestones) during childhood, and a significantly below-normal global intellectual capacity as an adult. ... Substance abuse refers to the overindulgence in and dependence on a psychoactive leading to effects that are detrimental to the individuals physical health or mental health, or the welfare of others. ... Alcoholism is the consumption of, or preoccupation with, alcoholic beverages to the extent that this behavior interferes with the drinkers normal personal, family, social, or work life, and may lead to physical or mental harm. ... Tobacco smoking is the act of smoking tobacco products, especially cigarettes and cigars. ... Drug abuse has a wide range of definitions related to taking a psychoactive drug or performance enhancing drug for a non-therapeutic or non-medical effect. ... Cluster headaches are rare headaches that occur in groups or clusters. ...