This is a list of communications, computers, electronic circuits, fiberoptics, microelectronics, medical electronics, reliability, and semiconductors.

0–9

16VSB - 2VSB - 32VSB - 4000 series - 4VSB - 555 timer IC - LM741 - 7400 series - 8VSB 16VSB is an abbreviation for 16-level vestigial sideband modulation, capable of transmitting four bits (24=16) at a time. ... 2VSB is an abbreviation for 2-level vestigial sideband modulation, capable of transmitting one bit (21=2) at a time. ... 32VSB is an acronym for 32-level vestigial sideband modulation, capable of transmitting five bits (25=32) at a time. ... The 4000 series is the general classification referring to the industry standard integrated circuits which implement a variety of logic functions using CMOS technology. ... 4VSB is an abbreviation for 4-level vestigial sideband modulation, capable of transmitting two bits (22=4) at a time. ... NE555 from Signetics in dual-in-line package Schematic symbol of the 555 timer The 555 is an integrated circuit (chip) implementing a variety of timer and multivibrator applications. ... A 741 operational amplifier in a TO-5 metal can package An operational amplifier, usually referred to as an op-amp for brevity, is a DC-coupled high-gain electronic voltage amplifier with differential inputs and, usually, a single output. ... The 7400 chip, containing four NANDs. ... 8VSB is the 8-level vestigial sideband modulation method adopted for terrestrial broadcast of the ATSC digital television standard in the United States and Canada. ...

A

Absolute gain - Access control - Acceptance pattern - Access time - Acoustic coupler - Acquisition - Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line - Adaptive communications - Adder - Adjacent-channel interference - Alarm sensor - Aliasing - Allied Radio - Alternate party - Alternating current - AM radio - Amateur radio - Ambient noise level - American Radio Relay League (ARRL) - Ammeter - Amperage (see Current) - Ampere - Amplitude distortion - Amplitude modulation - Amplifier - Analog - Analog computer - Analog decoding - Analogue switch - Analog to digital converter - Analysis of resistive circuits - Angular misalignment loss - Antenna - Antenna blind cone - Antenna effective area - Antenna gain - Antenna height above average terrain - Antenna noise temperature - Antenna theory - aperiodic antenna - aperture (antenna) - aperture illumination - Aperture-to-medium coupling loss - Apollo Guidance Computer - Arithmetic and logical unit - Armstrong oscillator - ARRL - Articulation score - Astable - Asynchronous communications system - Asynchronous operation - Asynchronous start-stop - Atmospheric duct - Atmospheric waveguide - Attenuation - Audible ringing tone - Audio system measurements - Audiophile - Automatic call distributor - Automatic data processing - Automatic gain control - Automatic link establishment - Automatic number identification - Automatic sounding - Automatic switching system - Autovon - Availability - Available line - Avalanche diode - Azimuth The absolute gain of an antenna, for a given direction and polarization, is the ratio of (a) the power that would be required at the input of an ideal isotropic radiator to (b) the power actually supplied to the given antenna, to produce the same radiation intensity in the far... Access control is the ability to permit or deny the use of something by someone. ... In telecommunication, the term access time has the following meanings: In a telecommunication system, the elapsed time between the start of an access attempt and successful access. ... The Novation CAT acoustically coupled modem In telecommunications, the term acoustic coupler has the following meanings: An interface device for coupling electrical signals by acoustical means--usually into and out of a telephone instrument. ... Look up acquisition in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line (ADSL) is a form of DSL, a data communications technology that enables faster data transmission over copper telephone lines than a conventional voiceband modem can provide. ... Adaptive communications can mean any communications system, or portion thereof, that automatically uses feedback information obtained from the system itself or from the signals carried by the system to modify dynamically one or more of the system operational parameters to improve system performance or to resist degradation. ... In electronics, an adder is a device which will perform the addition, S, of two numbers. ... Adjacent-channel interference is interference caused by extraneous power from a signal in an adjacent channel. ... In telecommunication, the term alarm sensor has the following meanings: 1. ... Properly sampled image of brick wall. ... Allied Radio was an American radio manufacturer and retailer, which sold radio sets, ham units, citizens band (CB) radios, and other communications equipment, as well as electronic components, through retail stores and via mail-order. ... Alternate party: In multilevel precedence and preemption, the call receiver, , the destination user, to which a precedence call will be diverted. ... City lights viewed in a motion blurred exposure. ... Mediumwave radio transmissions (sometimes called Medium frequency or MF) are those between the frequencies of 300 kHz and 3000 kHz. ... Amateur radio station with modern solid-state transceiver featuring LCD display and DSP capabilities Amateur radio, often called ham radio, is a hobby that uses various types of radio broadcasting equipment to communicate with other radio amateurs for public service, recreation and self-training. ... In telecommunication, ambient noise level or room noise level is the level of acoustic noise existing at a given location, such as in a room, in a compartment, or at a place out of doors. ... The ARRL Logo. ... Wire carrying current to be measured Spring providing restoring force An ammeter is a measuring instrument used to measure the flow of electric current in a circuit. ... In electricity, current refers to electric current, which is the flow of electric charge. ... For other uses, see Ampere (disambiguation). ... Amplitude distortion: Distortion occurring in a system, subsystem, or device when the output amplitude is not a linear function of the input amplitude under specified conditions. ... Amplitude modulation (AM) is a technique used in electronic communication, most commonly for transmitting information via a radio carrier wave. ... For the British rock band of the same name, see Amplifier (band). ... An analog or analogue signal is any time continuous signal where some time varying feature of the signal is a representation of some other time varying quantity. ... A page from the Bombardiers Information File (BIF) that describes the components and controls of the Norden bombsight. ... In telecommunication, analog decoding is the portion of the digital-to-analog conversion process that generates an analog signal value from the digital signal that resulted from analog encoding. ... The analogue (or analog) switch is an electronic component that behaves in a similar way to a relay, but has no moving parts. ... This article or section should include material from AD converters In electronics, an analog-to-digital converter (abbreviated ADC, A/D, or A to D) is a device that converts continuous signals to discrete digital numbers. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Circuit analysis. ... In waveguide design and construction, angular misalignment loss is Power loss caused by the deviation from optimum angular alignment of the axes of source-to-waveguide, waveguide-to-waveguide, or waveguide-to-detector. ... A yagi antenna Most simply, an antenna is an electronic component designed to send or receive radio waves. ... In telecommunication, antenna blind cone (sometimes called a cone of silence) is the volume of space, usually approximately conical with its vertex at the antenna, that cannot be scanned by an antenna because of limitations of the antenna radiation pattern and mount. ... In telecommunication, antenna effective area is the functionally equivalent area from which an antenna directed toward the source of the received signal gathers or absorbs the energy of an incident electromagnetic wave. ... Antenna gain is the measurement of an antennas ability to amplify the incoming microwave signals in a particular direction, compared with the sensitivity of an isotropic antenna in any direction, or a dipole antenna in the equatorial direction. ... In telecommunication, antenna height above average terrain is the antenna height above the average terrain elevations from 3. ... In telecommunication, antenna noise temperature is the temperature of a hypothetical resistor at the input of an ideal noise-free receiver that would generate the same output noise power per unit bandwidth as that at the antenna output at a specified frequency. ... A yagi antenna Most simply, an antenna is an electronic component designed to send or receive radio waves. ... As an emitter, antenna aperture is the diameter of the cross-section of an antennas radiation pattern in the direction of highest gain. ... In telecommunication, aperture-to-medium coupling loss is the difference between the theoretical gain of a very large antenna, such as the antennas in beyond-the-horizon microwave links, and the gain that can be realized in operation. ... The references in this article would be clearer with a different and/or consistent style of citation, footnoting or external linking. ... ALU redirects here. ... A basic armstrong oscillator The Armstrong oscillator is an oscillator used to produce a sine-wave output of constant amplitude and of fairly constant frequency within the rf range. ... The American Radio Relay League (ARRL) was founded in May 1914 by Hiram Percy Maxim. ... In telecommunication, an articulation score (AS) is a subjective measure of the intelligibility of a voice system in terms of the percentage of words correctly understood over a channel perturbed by interference. ... An astable multivibrator is an electronic circuit that has two states, neither one of which is stable. ... In telecommunication, an asynchronous communications system (start-stop system) is a data communications system that uses asynchronous operation. ... In telecommunication, the term asynchronous operation has the following meanings: 1. ... The asynchronous start-stop is the more common of two basic modes of teletypewriter operation, allowing a common means of encoding characters over a serial link such as RS-232. ... In telecommunication, an atmospheric duct is a horizontal layer in the lower atmosphere in which the vertical refractive index gradients are such that radio signals (a) are guided or focused within the duct, (b) tend to follow the curvature of the Earth, and (c) experience less attenuation in the ducts... An atmospheric waveguide is an atmospheric flow feature that enhances the propagation of certain atmospheric waves. ... This article is about Physics. ... Audible ringing tone: In telephony, a signal, usually consisting of an audio tone interrupted at a slow repetition rate, provided to a caller to indicate that the called-party instrument is being sent a ringing signal. ... It has been suggested that Audio quality measurement be merged into this article or section. ... An audiophile, from Latin audire[1] to hear and Greek philos[2] loving, can be generally defined as a person dedicated to achieving high fidelity in the recording and playback of music . ... In telephony, an Automatic Call Distributor (ACD) is a device that distributes incoming calls to a specific group of terminals that agents use. ... Automatic Data Processing, Inc. ... Automatic gain control (AGC) is an electronic system found in many types of devices. ... In telecommunication, the term automatic link establishment (ALE) has the following meanings: 1. ... Automatic number identification (ANI) is a feature of telephony intelligent network services that permits subscribers to display or capture the telephone numbers of calling parties. ... In telecommunication, automatic sounding is the testing of selected channels or paths by providing a very brief beacon-like identifying broadcast that may be used by other stations to evaluate connectivity, propagation, and availability, and to identify known working channels for possible later use for communications or calling. ... In telecommunication, the term automatic switching system has the following meanings: 1. ... Autovon, the Automatic Voice Network, was an American military phone system built to survive nuclear attacks. ... In telecommunications and reliability theory, the term availability has the following meanings: 1. ... In telecommunications, the term available line (or useful line) has the following meanings: In voice, video, or data communications, a circuit between two points that is ready for service, but is in the idle state. ... An avalanche diode is a diode (usually made from silicon, but can be made from another semiconductor) that is designed to break down and conduct at a specified reverse bias voltage. ... Azimuth is the horizontal component of a direction (compass direction), measured around the horizon, from the north toward the east (i. ...

B

Back-to-back connection - Backplane - Backscattering - Backward channel - Balance return loss - Balanced line - Balancing network - Ball grid array - Band gap - Band-stop filter - Bandwidth compression - Bare particular - Baseband - Battery (electricity) - Baudot code - Baud - BCS theory - Beam diameter - beam diameter - beam divergence - beam steering - Beamwidth - beamwidth - beam - Bel - Bias, see: voltage bias, current bias, or bias distortion - biconical antenna - Big ugly dish - Bilateral synchronization - billboard antenna - Binary classification - Binaural recording - Bipolar junction transistor - Bipolar signal - Bit inversion - Bit pairing - Bit robbing - Bit stuffing - Bit synchronous operation - Bit-count integrity - Bits per second - Black facsimile transmission - Black recording - Blanketing - Bluetooth - BNC connector - boresight - Breadboard - Bremsstrahlung - Bridging loss - Broadband Internet - Broadband wireless access - Broadband - Broadcasting - Burst transmission - Busy hour- Barrage jamming - Busy signal - Bypass This page is a candidate to be copied to Wiktionary using the Transwiki process. ... A backplane is a circuit board (usually a printed circuit board) that connects several connectors in parallel to each other, so that each pin of each connector is linked to the same relative pin of all the other connectors, forming a computer bus. ... In telecommunication, the term backscattering has the following meanings: 1. ... In telecommunication, the term backward channel has the following meanings: In data transmission, a secondary channel in which the direction of transmission is constrained to be opposite to that of the primary, , the forward (user-information) channel. ... In telecommunication, the term balance return loss has the following meanings: 1. ... In telecommunications, a balanced line or balanced signal pair is a transmission line consisting of two conductors in the presence of ground, which relies on balanced impedances to minimize interference. ... In telecommunication, the term balancing network has the following meanings: 1. ... For the Bulgarian Go Association, see Bulgarian Go Association. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... A generic band-stop filter, showing both positive and negative angular frequencies In signal processing, a band-stop filter or band-rejection filter is a filter that passes most frequencies unaltered, but attenuates those in a range to very low levels. ... In telecommunication, the term bandwidth compression has the following meanings: The reduction of the bandwidth needed to transmit a given amount of data in a given time. ... In metaphysics, Bare particular is what a substance is called when considered independently of its properties. ... Baseband is an adjective that describes signals and systems whose range of frequencies is measured from 0 to a maximum bandwidth or highest signal frequency; it is sometimes used as a noun for a band of frequencies starting at 0. ... Symbols representing a single Cell (top) and Battery (bottom), used in circuit diagrams. ... The Baudot code, named after its inventor Émile Baudot, is a character set predating EBCDIC and ASCII, and the root predecessor to International Telegraph Alphabet No 2 (ITA2), the teleprinter code in use until the advent of ASCII. Each character in the alphabet is represented by a series of bits... For the town in France, see Baud, Morbihan. ... BCS theory (named for its creators, Bardeen, Cooper, and Schrieffer) successfully explains conventional superconductivity, the ability of certain metals at low temperatures to conduct electricity without resistance. ... The beam diameter of an electromagnetic beam is the diameter along any specified line that (a) intersects the beam axis and (b) lies in any specified plane normal to the beam axis, the distance between the two diametrically opposite points at which the irradiance is a specified fraction, ½ or 1... The beam diameter of an electromagnetic beam is the diameter along any specified line that (a) intersects the beam axis and (b) lies in any specified plane normal to the beam axis, the distance between the two diametrically opposite points at which the irradiance is a specified fraction, ½ or 1... The beam divergence of an electromagnetic beam is the increase in beam diameter with distance from the aperture from which the beam emerges in any plane that intersects the beam axis. ... Beam steering: Changing the direction of the main lobe of a radiation pattern. ... In telecommunication, the term beamwidth has the following meanings: 1. ... In telecommunication, the term beamwidth has the following meanings: 1. ... Beam may refer to: Look up beam in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Bel can mean: A unit of measurement for proportions and ratios; see Decibel and dB(A) The title of a Semitic god; see Bel (god) A Celtic deity; see Belenus Hindi name of the Bengal Quince tree or its fruit. ... In electronics, voltage bias (sometimes simply called bias) is a steady-state voltage It is used to activate the active component like transistor transistor, coil or other source of load. ... In electronics, current bias is a steady state current that is forced through an electronic device like a transistor, coil or other source of load. ... In telecommunication, the term bias distortion has the following meanings: 1. ... Biconical antenna A biconical antenna consists of an arrangement of two conical conductors, which is driven by potential, charge, or a alternating magnetic field (and the associated alternating electric current) at the vertex. ... A big ugly dish (often abbreviated to BUD) is a colloquial name for a satellite dish used to receive satellite television signals on the C band. ... In telecommunication, bilateral synchronization (or bilateral control) is a synchronization control system between exchanges A and B in which the clock at telephone exchange A controls the data received at exchange B and the clock at exchange B controls the data received at exchange A. Bilateral synchronization is usually implemented... In telecommunications, a billboard antenna is an array of parallel dipole antennas with flat reflectors, usually positioned in a line or plane. ... Binary classification is the task of classifying the members of a given set of objects into two groups on the basis of whether they have some property or not. ... Dummy head being used for binaural recording; the second microphone is obscured. ... A bipolar junction transistor (BJT) is a type of transistor. ... In telecommunication, a bipolar signal is a signal that may assume either of two polarities, neither of which is zero. ... In telecommunications, bit inversion means the changing of the state of a bit to the opposite state, i. ... In telecommunication, bit pairing is the practice of establishing, within a code set, a number of subsets that have an identical bit representation except for the state of a specified bit. ... Bit robbing, used for transmitting signaling information, is the practice or technique of preempting at regular intervals one time slot that is associated with the given user channel for which signaling is required and is used primarily for transporting encoded speech via that channel. ... In data transmission and telecommunication, bit stuffing (also known -- uncommonly -- as positive justification) is the insertion of noninformation bits into data. ... Bit synchronous operation: Operation in which data circuit terminating equipment (DCE), data terminal equipment (DTE), and transmitting circuits are all operated in bit synchronism with a clock signal. ... In telecommunication, the term bit-count integrity (BCI) has the following meanings: 1. ... In telecommunications and computing, bit rate (sometimes written bitrate) is the frequency at which bits are passing a given (physical or metaphorical) point. It is quantified using the bit per second (bit/s) unit. ... In telecommunication, the term black facsimile transmission has the following meanings: In facsimile systems using amplitude modulation, that form of transmission in which the maximum transmitted power corresponds to the maximum density of the subject. ... In telecommunication, the term black recording has the following meanings: 1. ... Blanketing is the interference caused by very strong radio signals. ... Bluetooth logo This article is about the electronic protocol named after Harald Bluetooth Gormson. ... Male BNC connector Cables with BNC connectors Adapter between a female BNC connector and banana plugs Picture to show the similarity between 50 Ω and 75 Ω BNC connectors Pulse generators with BNC connectors and cables. ... Imagine you are standing upright on the ground. ... A breadboard with a completed circuit A breadboard is a reusable solderless device used to build a (generally temporary) prototype of an electronic circuit and for experimenting with circuit designs. ... (help· info), (from the German bremsen, to brake and Strahlung, radiation, thus, braking radiation), is electromagnetic radiation produced by the acceleration of a charged particle, such as an electron, when deflected by another charged particle, such as an atomic nucleus. ... Bridging loss: At a given frequency, the loss that results when an impedance is connected across a transmission line. ... Broadband Internet access, often shortened to broadband Internet or just broadband is a high data-transmission rate Internet connection. ... Three 45 Mbit/s wireless dishes on top of 307 W. 7th Street Fort Worth TX Broadband wireless access is a technology aimed at providing wireless access to data networks, with high data rates. ... Broadband in telecommunications is a term that refers to a signaling method that includes or handles a relatively wide range of frequencies, which may be divided into channels or frequency bins. ... Broadcasting is the distribution of audio and/or video signals which transmit programs to an audience. ... In telecommunication, the term burst transmission has the following meanings: transmission that combines a very high data signaling rate with very short transmission times - i. ... Busy hour: In a communications system, the sliding 60-minute period during which occurs the maximum total traffic load in a given 24-hour period. ... Barrage jamming: Jamming accomplished by transmitting a band of frequencies that is large with respect to the bandwidth of a single emitter. ... A busy signal (or engaged tone) in telephony is an audible or visual signal to the calling party that indicates failure to complete the requested connection of that particular telephone call. ... In telecommunications, the term bypass has these meanings: 1. ...

C

C-QUAM - Cable modem - Cable television - Caesium standard - Call collision - Call set-up time - Call-second - Capacitive coupling - Capacitor - Capture effect - Carbon nanotube - Card standards - Carrier sense multiple access with collision detection - Carrier shift - Carrier system - Carrier wave - Carrier-to-receiver noise density - Carson bandwidth rule - Cassegrain antenna - Category 5 cable - Cathode ray tube - Central processing unit - Chadless tape - Channel - Channel noise level - Channel reliability - Character-count integrity - Characteristic impedance - Charge-coupled device - Chemical vapor deposition - Chirping - Chroma subsampling - Circuit - Circuit breaker - Circuit noise level - Circuit reliability - Circuit restoration - Circuit switching - Circular polarization - Circulator - Citizens' band radio - Cladding - Clapp oscillator - Clean room - Clear channel - Clearing - Clipping - Clock gating - Clock signal - Closed circuit - Closed waveguide - Closed-circuit television - CMOS - Co-channel interference - Coaxial cable - Code division multiple access - Code word - Coherence length - Coherence time - Coherence - Coherent differential phase-shift keying - Coherer - Coil - Coilgun - Collinear antenna array - collinear antenna array - Collins Radio - Colpitts oscillator - Color code - Combat-net radio - Combinatorial logic - Combined distribution frame - Common base - Common battery - Common collector - Common control - Common emitter - Common-mode interference - Commonality - Communications center - Communications satellite - Communications security - Communications system engineering - Communications system - Communications-electronics - Communications - Compact audio cassette - Compatible sideband transmission - Composite video - Compulsator - Computer - Concentrator - Conditioning equipment - Conducted interference - Conduction band - Conductive coupling - Connections per circuit hour - Conservation of radiance - Content delivery - Contention - Continuous Fourier transform - Continuous operation - Continuous wave - Convolution - Copper - Cord circuit - Corner reflector - Cosmic noise - Costas loop - Coulomb's law - Counter - Coupling - Covert channel - Covert listening device - CPU design - CQD - Critical frequency - Cross product - Crossbar switch - Crosstalk - Crystal filter - Crystal radio receiver - Current - Current bias - Current-to-voltage converter - Cutback technique - Cutoff frequency - Cutoff wavelength - C-QUAM is the method of AM stereo broadcasting used in Canada, the United States and most other countries. ... An outdated model of the Motorola Surfboard cable modem A cable modem is a type of modem that provides access to a data signal sent over the cable television infrastructure. ... Coaxial cable is often used to transmit cable television into the house. ... A caesium standard is a primary frequency standard in which electronic transitions between the two hyperfine ground states of caesium-133 atoms is used to control the output frequency. ... In telecommunications, a call collision (also known as a glare, though this term is deprecated) is one of two things: The contention that occurs when a terminal and data circuit-terminating equipment (DCE) specify the same channel at the same time to transfer a call request and handle an incoming... In telecommunication, the term call set-up time has the following meanings: 1. ... In telecommunication, a call-second is a unit used to measure communications traffic. ... In electronics, capacitive coupling is the transfer of energy from one circuit to another by means of the mutual capacitance between the circuits. ... See Capacitor (component) for a discussion of specific types. ... In telecommunication, a capture effect is a phenomenon, associated with FM reception, in which only the stronger of two signals at or near the same frequency will be demodulated. ... 3D model of three types of single-walled carbon nanotubes. ... Standards for financial and identity cards are set out by ISO. All credit cards and debit cards, and most ID cards, are the same shape and size ID-1 as specified by the ISO 7810 standard: ID-1 = 85. ... In computer networking, Carrier Sense Multiple Access With Collision Detection (CSMA/CD) is a network control protocol in which a carrier sensing scheme is used and a transmitting data station that detects another signal while transmitting a frame, stops transmitting that frame, transmits a jam signal, and then waits for... In telecommunication, the term carrier shift has the following meanings: 1. ... In telecommunication, a carrier system (loosely, a synonym with carrier) is a multichannel telecommunications system in which a number of individual circuits (data, voice, or combination thereof) are multiplexed for transmission between nodes of a network. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... Carrier-to-receiver noise density ( C /k T ): In satellite communications, the ratio of the received carrier power to the receiver noise power density. ... In telecommunication, Carsons bandwidth rule defines the approximate bandwidth requirements of communications system components for a carrier signal that is frequency modulated by a continuous or broad spectrum of frequencies rather than a single frequency. ... In telecommunication, a Cassegrain antenna is an antenna in which the feed radiator is mounted at or near the surface of a concave main reflector and is aimed at a convex secondary reflector slightly inside the focus of the main reflector. ... Cat5 patch cable Category 5 cable, commonly known as Cat 5, is a twisted pair cable type designed for high signal integrity. ... Cathode ray tube employing electromagnetic focus and deflection Cutaway rendering of a color CRT: 1. ... CPU redirects here. ... In telecommunication, the term chadless tape has the following meanings: Punched tape that has been punched in such a way that chad is not formed, or A punched tape in which only partial perforation is performed so that the chad remains attached to the tape. ... Channel, in communications (sometimes called communications channel), refers to the medium used to convey information from a sender (or transmitter) to a receiver. ... In telecommunication, the term channel noise level has the following meanings: 1. ... In telecommunication, channel reliability (ChR) is the percentage of time a channel was available for use in a specified period of scheduled availability. ... In telecommunication, character-count integrity is the preservation of the exact number of characters that are originated in a message in the case of message communications, or per unit time, in the case of a user-to-user connection. ... The characteristic impedance of a uniform transmission line is the ratio of the amplitudes of a single pair of voltage and current waves propagating along the line in the absence of reflections. ... A specially developed CCD used for ultraviolet imaging in a wire bonded package. ... DC plasma (violet) enhances the growth of carbon nanotubes in this laboratory-scale PECVD apparatus. ... In telecommunication, the term chirping has the following meanings: 1. ... In digital image processing, chroma subsampling is the use of lower resolution for the colour (chroma) information in an image than for the brightness (intensity or luma) information. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... A 2 pole miniature circuit breaker A circuit breaker is an automatically-operated electrical switch designed to protect an electrical circuit from damage caused by overload or short circuit. ... Circuit noise level: At any point in a transmission system, the ratio of the circuit noise at that point to an arbitrary level chosen as a reference. ... Circuit reliability (also time availability) (CiR) is the percentage of time an electronic circuit was available for use in a specified period of scheduled availability. ... In telecommunication, circuit restoration is the process by which a communications circuit is established between two users after disruption or loss of the original circuit. ... In telecommunications, a circuit switching network is one that establishes a dedicated circuit (or channel) between nodes and terminals before the users may communicate. ... In electrodynamics, circular polarization of electromagnetic radiation is a polarization such that the tip of the electric field vector, at a fixed point in space, describes a circle as time progresses. ... In telecommunication, the term circulator has the following meanings: 1. ... A typical CB base station. ... The term cladding can have a number of meanings: Regarding optical fiber in telecommunication, cladding is one or more layers of material of lower refractive index, in intimate contact with a core material of higher refractive index. ... The Clapp oscillator is one of several types of electronic oscillator constructed from a transistor (or vacuum tube) and a positive feedback network. ... In manufacturing, a clean room is an enclosed area protected against dust that might interfere with the manufacturing process. ... A clear channel, in the general sense, is a communications channel (such as a radio frequency) on which only one transmitter operates at a time. ... In telecommunication, the term clearing has the following meanings: A sequence of events used to disconnect a call and return to the ready state. ... Look up clipping in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Clock gating is one of the power-saving techniques used on the Pentium 4 processor. ... In synchronous digital electronics, such as most computers, a clock signal is a signal used to coordinate the actions of two or more circuits. ... television cameras for surveillance. ... In physics, optics, and telecommunication, a waveguide is a structure that confines and guides a propagating electromagnetic wave. ... This article refers to a surveillance system. ... For other uses, see CMOS (disambiguation). ... Co-channel interference is interference from 2 different radio stations on the same frequency. ... Coaxial Cable For the weapon, see coaxial weapon. ... Code division multiple access (CDMA) is the current name for the cellular technology originally known as IS-95. ... A Code word may refer any of several concepts: For telecommunications senses, see Code word (telecommunication). ... In physics, coherence length is the propagation distance from a coherent source to a point where an electromagnetic wave maintains a specified degree of coherence. ... For an electromagnetic wave, coherence time is the time over which a propagating wave may be considered coherent. ... Look up coherence in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Coherent differential phase-shift keying (CDPSK): Phase_shift keying (a) that is used for digital transmission, (b) in which the phase of the carrier is discretely modulated in relation to the phase of a reference signal and in accordance with data to be transmitted, and (c) in which the modulated carrier... The coherer was the first device used to detect radio signals in wireless telegraphy. ... A coil is a series of loops. ... A coilgun (not to be confused with a railgun) is a type of cannon which uses one or more electromagnetic coils to accelerate a magnetic projectile to high velocity. ... In telecommunication, a collinear antenna array is an array of dipole antennas mounted in such a manner that every element of each antenna is in an extension, with respect to its long axis, of its counterparts in the other antennas in the array. ... In telecommunication, a collinear antenna array is an array of dipole antennas mounted in such a manner that every element of each antenna is in an extension, with respect to its long axis, of its counterparts in the other antennas in the array. ... Collins Radio was responsible for some of the most advanced radio receiving technology available between the 1940s and the 1970s. ... A Colpitts oscillator, named after its inventor Edwin H. Colpitts, is one of a number of designs for electronic oscillator circuits. ... The electronic color code discussed here is used to indicate the values or ratings of electronic components, very commonly for resistors, but also for capacitors, inductors, and others. ... In telecommunication, a combat-net radio (CNR) is a radio operating in a network that (a) provides a half-duplex circuit and (b) uses either a single radio frequency or a discrete set of radio frequencies when in a frequency hopping mode. ... This article is not about combinatory logic, a topic in mathematical logic. ... In telecommunication, a combined distribution frame (CDF) is a distribution frame that combines the functions of main and intermediate distribution frames and contains both vertical and horizontal terminating blocks. ... Common base amplifier In electronics, common base refers to a type of bipolar transistor circuit configuration in which a transistor is connected such that its base terminal is wired to the ground or common rail of the circuit (or can be considered so for AC signals). ... In telecommunication, a common battery is a single electrical power source used to energize more than one circuit, component, equipment, or system. ... Typical common collector or emitter follower circuit. ... In telecommunication, a common control is an automatic switching arrangement in which the control equipment necessary for the establishment of connections is shared by being associated with a given call only during the period required to accomplish the control function for the given call. ... Common emitter amplifier, voltage divider bias (CEVDB) circuit configuration A common emitter is a type of electronic amplifier stage based on a bipolar transistor in series with a load element such as a resistor. ... In telecommunication, the term common-mode interference has the following meanings: 1. ... In telecommunication, the term commonality has the following meanings: 1. ... In telecommunication, the term communications center has the following meanings: An agency charged with the responsibility for handling and controlling communications traffic. ... U.S. military MILSTAR communications satellite A communications satellite (sometimes abbreviated to comsat) is an artificial satellite stationed in space for the purposes of telecommunications. ... Communications security (COMSEC): Measures and controls taken to deny unauthorized persons information derived from telecommunications and ensure the authenticity of such telecommunications. ... In telecommunication, communications system engineering is the translation of user requirements for the exchange of information into cost-effective and low-risk technical solutions in terms of equipment and subsystems. ... In telecommunication, a communications system is a collection of individual communications networks, transmission systems, relay stations, tributary stations, and data terminal equipment (DTE) usually capable of interconnection and interoperation to form an integrated whole. ... In telecommunication, communications-electronics (C-E) is the specialized field concerned with the use of electronic devices and systems for the acquisition or acceptance, processing, storage, display, analysis, protection, disposition, and transfer of information. ... The term communications is used in a number of disciplines: Communications, also known as communication studies is the academic discipline which studies communication, generally seen as a mixture between media studies and linguistics. ... Typical 60-minute Compact Cassette. ... Compatible sideband transmission: Independent sideband transmission in which the carrier is deliberately reinserted at a lower level after its normal suppression to permit reception by conventional AM receivers. ... Composite video, also called CVBS (Composite Video Blanking and Sync), is the format of an analog television (picture only) signal before it is combined with a sound signal and modulated onto an RF carrier. ... A compulsator is the short name for a compensated pulsed alternator, a form of power supply. ... This article is about the machine. ... In telecommunication, the term concentrator has the following meanings: In data transmission, a functional unit that permits a common path to handle more data sources than there are channels currently available within the path. ... In telecommunication, the term conditioning equipment has the following meanings: 1. ... In telecommunication, the term conducted interference has the following meanings: Interference resulting from noise or unwanted signals entering a device by conductive coupling, by direct coupling. ... In semiconductors and insulators, the conduction band is the range of electron energy, higher than that of the valence band, sufficient to make the electrons free to accelerate under the influence of an applied electric field and thus constitute an electric current. ... Conductive coupling: Energy transfer achieved by means of physical contact, coupling other than inductive or capacitive coupling. ... In telecommunication, the term connections per circuit hour (CCH) has the following meanings: A unit of traffic measurement expressed as the number of connections established at a switching point per hour. ... In telecommunication, a conservation of radiance is a basic principle of optics, that no passive optical system can increase the quantity L /n 2, where L is the radiance of a beam and n is the local refractive index. ... Content delivery describes the delivery of digital media content such as digital audio or digital video over a delivery medium such as broadcasting or the Internet. ... In telecommunication, the term contention has the following meanings: 1. ... In mathematics, the continuous Fourier transform is a certain linear operator that maps functions to other functions. ... In telecommunication, the term continuous operation has the following meanings: 1. ... A continuous wave (CW) is an electromagnetic wave of constant amplitude and frequency. ... In mathematics and, in particular, functional analysis, convolution is a mathematical operator which takes two functions f and g and produces a third function that in a sense represents the amount of overlap between f and a reversed and translated version of g. ... Copper has played a significant part in the history of mankind, which has used the easily accessible uncompounded metal for nearly 10,000 years. ... In telecommunication, a cord circuit is a switchboard circuit in which a plug-terminated cord is used to establish connections manually between user lines or between trunks and user lines. ... Buoy in San Diego Harbor. ... Cosmic noise: Random noise that originates outside the Earths atmosphere. ... In telecommunication, a Costas loop is a phase-locked loop used for carrier phase recovery from suppressed-carrier modulation signals, such as from double-sideband suppressed carrier signals. ... Coulombs torsion balance In physics, Coulombs law is an inverse-square law indicating the magnitude and direction of electrostatic force that one stationary, electrically charged object of small dimensions (ideally, a point source) exerts on another. ... In general, a counter is a device which stores (and sometimes displays) the number of times a particular event or process has occurred, often in relationship to a clock signal. ... In electronics and telecommunication, coupling is the desirable or undesirable transfer of energy from one medium, such as a metallic wire or an optical fiber, to another medium, including fortuitous transfer. ... In information theory, a covert channel is a communications channel that does a writing-between-the-lines form of communication. ... A bug is the common name for a covert listening device, usually a combination of a miniature radio transmitter with a microphone. ... CPU design is the hardware design of a central processing unit. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... In telecommunication, the term critical frequency has the following meanings: In radio propagation by way of the ionosphere, the limiting frequency at or below which a wave component is reflected by, and above which it penetrates through, an ionospheric layer. ... For the cross product in algebraic topology, see Künneth theorem. ... A crossbar switch is one of the principal architectures used to construct switches of many types. ... In telecommunication, the term crosstalk (XT) has the following meanings: 1. ... A Crystal Filter is a special form of quartz crystal used in electronics systems, in particular communications devices. ... An example of a modern set created by VE6AB The crystal radio receiver (also known as a crystal set) is a passive radio receiver consisting of a variable LC tuned circuit, a diode detector, and audio transducer. ... In electricity, current refers to electric current, which is the flow of electric charge. ... In electronics, current bias is a steady state current that is forced through an electronic device like a transistor, coil or other source of load. ... Three kinds of devices are used in electronics: generators (having only outputs), converters (having inputs and outputs) and loads (having only inputs). ... In telecommunication, a cutback technique is a destructive technique for determining certain optical fiber transmission characteristics, such as attenuation and bandwidth, by (a) performing the desired measurements on a long length of the fiber under test, (b) cutting the fiber under test at a point near the launching end, (c... A bode plot of the Butterworth filters frequency response, with corner frequency labeled. ... In telecommunication, the term cutoff wavelength has the following meanings: 1. ...

D

D region - D-4 - Data - Data bank - Data circuit terminating equipment - Data compaction - Data integrity - Data link - Data service unit - Data terminal equipment - Data transmission circuit - Datasheet - DBa - DBm - DBrn - DDR SDRAM - Degree of isochronous distortion - Delay line - Delay - Delta modulation - Demand assignment - Demand factor - Demand load - Demodulation - Demodulator - departure angle - Design objective - Despun antenna - Deviation - Dial-up - Diamagnetism - Dielectric constant - Dielectric strength - Dielectric - Dielectric waveguide - Differential amplifier - Diffraction - Digital Audio Tape - Digital access and cross-connect system - Digital circuit - Digital radio - Digital filter - Digital signal processing - Digital multiplex hierarchy - Digital signal processor - Digital to analog converter - Digital transmission group - Digitizer - Diode - DIN - DIP switch - Diplex operation, see: Diplexer - Dipole - dipole antenna - Direct bandgap - Direct broadcast satellite - Direct current - Direct distance dialing - direct ray - directional antenna - Directional coupler - Directive gain - Direct-sequence spread spectrum - Discrete - Discrete Fourier transform - Dispersion-limited operation - Distortion-limited operation - Distortion - Distress radiobeacon - Distributed switching - Diurnal phase shift - Diversity reception - DOD master clock - Doping - Double-sideband suppressed-carrier transmission - Double-slit experiment - Drift - Drop and insert - Dropout - Dual access - Dual-modulus prescaler - Dual-tone multi-frequency - Duobinary signal - Duplex - Duty cycle - Dual in-line package - DXCC - Dynamic range The D region is the portion of the ionosphere that exists approximately 50 to 95 km above the surface of the Earth. ... In telecommunication, a D-4 is a framing standard for traditional time-division multiplexing, which standard describes user channels multiplexed onto a trunk that has been segmented (framed) into 24 bytes of 8 bits each. ... For other uses, see Data (disambiguation). ... In telecommunications, a data bank is a repository of information on one or more subjects that is organized in a way that facilitates local or remote information retrieval. ... DCE: Abbreviation for data circuit-terminating equipment. ... In telecommunication, data compaction is the reduction of the number of data elements, bandwidth, cost, and time for the generation, transmission, and storage of data without loss of information by eliminating unnecessary redundancy, removing irrelevancy, or using special coding. ... In computer science and telecommunications, the term data integrity has the following meanings: The condition in which data is identically maintained during any operation, such as transfer, storage, and retrieval. ... This article is about a telecommunication term. ... In telecommunication, the term data service unit (DSU) has the following meanings: 1. ... DTE is an abbreviation for Data Terminal Equipment, and refers to an end instrument that converts user information into signals for transmission, or reconverts the received signals into user information. ... In telecommunication, data transmission circuit is the transmission media and the intervening equipment used for the transfer of data between data terminal equipments (DTEs). ... A datasheet is a document summarizing the performance and other characteristics of a component (e. ... DBA may mean: // Decibels audible Diamond-Blackfan anemia Dibenzylideneacetone .dba format, a calendar format for Palm Desktop Doctor of Business Administration, an academic doctoral degree dba, a low-cost German airline The Dallas Bar Association for lawyers in Texas, USA A database administrator (or analyst) A-weighted decibels (dBA), in... The correct title of this article is . ... The title given to this article is incorrect due to technical limitations. ... DDR SDRAM or double-data-rate synchronous dynamic random access memory is a type of memory integrated circuit used in computers. ... Degree of isochronous distortion: In data transmission, the ratio of (a) the absolute value of the maximum measured difference between the actual and the theoretical intervals separating any two significant instants of modulation (or demodulation) to (b) the unit interval. ... The term delay line has multiple meanings: In electronics and derivative fields such as telecommunications, a delay line is rigorously defined as a single-input-channel device, in which the output channel state at a given instant, t, is the same as the input channel state at the instant t... In its general sense, delay refers to a lapse of time. ... The Delta modulation (DM or Δ-modulation) is an analog-to-digital or digital-to-analog signal conversion. ... In telecommunication, a demand assignment is an operation in which several users share access to a communications channel on a real-time basis, , a user needing to communicate with another user on the same network requests the required circuit, uses it, and when the call is finished, the circuit is... In telecommunication, the term demand factor has the following meanings: 1. ... In telecommunication, the term demand load has the following meanings: 1. ... Demodulation is the act of removing the modulation from an analog signal. ... A demodulator is an electronic circuit used to recover the information content from the carrier wave of a signal. ... Design objective (DO): In communications systems, a desired performance characteristic for communications circuits and equipment that is based on engineering analyses, but (a) is not considered feasible to mandate in a standard, or (b) has not been tested. ... In radio, frequency deviation is the result of frequency modulation. ... In telecommunication, the term dial-up has the following meanings: Dial-up access, typically to the Internet A service feature in which a user initiates service on a previously arranged trunk or transfers, without human intervention, from an active trunk to a standby trunk. ... Levitating pyrolytic carbon Diamagnetism is a form of magnetism that is only exhibited by a substance in the presence of an externally applied magnetic field. ... The relative dielectric constant of a material under given conditions is a measure of the extent to which it concentrates electrostatic lines of flux. ... In physics, the term dielectric strength has the following meanings: Of an insulating material, the maximum electric field strength that it can withstand intrinsically without breaking down, , without experiencing failure of its insulating properties. ... A dielectric is a physical model commonly used to describe how an electric field behaves inside a material. ... In physics, optics, and telecommunication, a waveguide is a structure that confines and guides a propagating electromagnetic wave. ... Simple form of a differential amplifier A differential amplifier is a type of an electronic amplifier that multiplies the difference between two inputs by some constant factor (the differential gain). ... The intensity pattern formed on a screen by diffraction from a square aperture Diffraction refers to various phenomena associated with wave propagation, such as the bending, spreading and interference of waves passing by an object or aperture that disrupts the wave. ... Digital audio tape can also refer to a compact cassette with digital storage. ... Digital access and cross-connect system (DACS): In communications systems, a digital system in which (a) access is performed by T-1 hardware architecture in private and public networks with centralized switching and (b) cross-connection is performed by D3/D4 framing for switching digital-signal-0 (DS-0) channels... Digital circuits are electric circuits based on a number of discrete voltage levels. ... This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ... An FIR filter In electronics,nirali a digital filter is any electronic filter that works by performing digital mathematical operations on an intermediate form of a signal. ... Digital signal processing (DSP) is the study of signals in a digital representation and the processing methods of these signals. ... In telecommunication, a digital multiplex hierarchy is a hierarchy consisting of an ordered repetition of tandem digital multiplexers that produce signals of successively higher data rates at each level of the hierarchy. ... A digital signal processor (DSP) is a specialized microprocessor designed specifically for digital signal processing, generally in real-time. ... In electronics, a digital-to-analog converter (DAC or D-to-A) is a device for converting a digital (usually binary) code to an analogue signal (current, voltage or charges). ... In telecommunication, a digital transmission group is a group of digitized voice or data channels or both with bit streams that are combined into a single digital bit stream for transmission over communications media. ... In telecommunication and computing, the term digitizer has the following meanings: A device that converts an analog signal into a digital representation of the analog signal. ... Closeup of the image below, showing the square shaped semiconductor crystal various semiconductor diodes, below a bridge rectifier Structure of a vacuum tube diode In electronics, a diode is a two-terminal component, almost always one that has electrical properties which vary depending on the direction of flow of charge... Look up din in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... A DIP switch is an electric switch that is packaged in a standard Dual-Inline Package (DIP). ... A diplexer (sometimes called a combiner) is a device that combines the radio frequency output of two or more radio transmitters into a single output. ... The Earths magnetic field, which is approximately a dipole. ... A simple half-wave dipole antenna that a shortwave listener might build. ... In semiconductor physics, a direct bandgap means that the minimum of the conduction band lies directly above the maximum of the valence band in momentum space. ... Direct broadcast satellite (DBS) is a term used to refer to satellite television broadcasts intended for home reception, also referred to as direct-to-home signals. ... Direct current (DC or continuous current) is the continuous flow of electricity through a conductor such as a wire from high to low potential. ... Direct Distance Dialing was a telephony innovation that enabled subscribers to call long distance numbers (Those outside the local exchange) without having to go though an operator. ... Log-periodic dipole array A directional antenna is an antenna which transmits or receives maximum power in a particular direction. ... In telecommunications, a directional coupler is a transmission coupling device for separately sampling (through a known coupling loss) either the forward (incident) or the backward (reflected) wave in a transmission line. ... In telecommunication, the term directive gain has the following meanings: 1. ... In telecommunications, direct-sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) is a modulation technique. ... Discrete sampled signal Digital signal A discrete signal or discrete-time signal is a time series, perhaps a signal that has been sampled from a continuous-time signal. ... In mathematics, the discrete Fourier transform (DFT), occasionally called the finite Fourier transform, is a transform for Fourier analysis of finite-domain discrete-time signals. ... Dispersion-limited operation: Operation of a communications link in which signal waveform degradation attributable to the dispersive effects of the communications medium is the dominant mechanism that limits link performance. ... In telecommunication, distortion-limited operation is the condition prevailing when distortion of a received signal, rather than its attenuated amplitude (or power), limits performance under stated operational conditions and limits. ... For other uses, see Distortion (disambiguation). ... This article is about Emergency Locator Transmitters (ELTs). ... Distributed switching: Switching in which many processor-controlled switching units are distributed, usually close to concentrations of users, and operated in conjunction with a host switch. ... In telecommunication, diurnal phase shift is the phase shift of electromagnetic signals associated with daily changes in the ionosphere. ... In telecommunications, diversity reception refers to a method for improving reception of a transmitted signal, by receiving and processing multiple versions of the same transmitted signal. ... In telecommunication, DOD master clock is the master clock to which time and frequency measurements for the United States Department of Defense are referenced, , are traceable. ... In semiconductor production, doping refers to the process of intentionally introducing impurities into an intrinsic semiconductor in order to change its electrical properties. ... Double-sideband suppressed-carrier transmission (DSB-SC): transmission in which (a) frequencies produced by amplitude modulation are symmetrically spaced above and below the carrier frequency and (b) the carrier level is reduced to the lowest practical level, ideally completely suppressed. ... Double-slit diffraction and interference pattern The double-slit experiment consists of letting light diffract through two slits, which produces fringes or wave-like interference patterns on a screen. ... Drift may refer to: Look up drift in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... In a multichannel transmission system, a drop and insert is a process that diverts (drops) a portion of the multiplexed aggregate signal at an intermediate point, and introduces (inserts) a different signal for subsequent transmission in the same position, , time slot or frequency band, previously occupied by the diverted signal. ... Look up dropout in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... In telecommunication, the term dual access has the following meanings: 1. ... The Dual modulus prescaler is an electronic circuit used in high frequency frequency synthesiser designs to overcome the problem of generating narrowly-spaced frequencies that are nevertheless too high to be passed directly through the feedback loop of the system. ... A DTMF telephone keypad Dual-tone multi-frequency (DTMF) signaling is used for telephone signaling over the line in the voice-frequency band to the call switching center. ... In telecommunication, a duobinary signal is a pseudobinary-coded signal in which a 0 (zero) bit is represented by a zero-level electric current or voltage; a 1 (one) bit is represented by a positive-level current or voltage if the quantity of 0 bits since the last 1 bit... Look up duplex in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... In telecommunication and electronics, the term duty cycle has the following meanings: The duty cycle D is defined as the ratio between the pulse duration () and the period (T) of a rectangular waveform In a periodic phenomenon, the ratio of the duration of the phenomenon in a given period to... ICs in DIP14-Package Several PDIPs and CERDIPS. The large CERDIP in the foreground is an 8080 processor. ... The DXCC, or DX Century Club, is an award (and registered trademark) granted by ARRL, the American Radio Relay League, given for contacting by means of amateur radio with other operators in at least 100 entities and confirming those contacts by way of a QSL card, or the ARRLs... For other uses, see Dynamic range (disambiguation). ...

E

E-layer - E-skip - Earphone - Earpiece - Earth's magnetic field - Echelon - EDIF - effective antenna gain contour - effective boresight area - Effective data transfer rate - Effective Earth radius - Effective height - Effective input noise temperature - effective isotropically radiated power - effective monopole radiated power - effective radiated power - Effective transmission rate - Efficiency factor - Electric charge - Electric current - Electric field - Electric motor - Electric power - Electric power transmission - Electrical conduction - Electrical conductivity - Electrical connector - Electrical current - Electrical efficiency - Electrical engineering - Electrical generator - Electrical length - Electrical network - Electrical resistance - Electrical room - Electrical signal - Electricity - Electricity distribution - Electro-optic effect - Electro-optic modulator - Electro-optics - Electrochemical cell - Electrochemistry - Electrode - Electrodynamics - Electrolytic capacitor - Electromagnetic environment - Electromagnetic induction - Electromagnetic interference control - Electromagnetic pulse - Electromagnetic radiation - Electromagnetic radiation and health - Electromagnetic spectrum - Electromagnetic survivability - Electrometer - Electromagnetism - Electron hole - Electron - Electronic amplifier - Electronic deception - Electronic design automation - Electronic filter - Electronic imager - Electronic mixer - Electronic musical instrument - Electronic oscillator - Electronic power supply - Electronic tagging - Electronic test equipment - Electronic warfare support measures - Electronics - Electrostatic discharge - Electronic switching system - Electronic color code - Element - Emergency Locator Transmitter - Emergency Position-Indicating Radio Beacon - Emitter coupled logic - Entropy encoding - End distortion - Endurability - Enhanced service - Equilibrium length - Equivalent noise resistance - Equivalent pulse code modulation noise - Erase - Error-correcting code - Error burst - Error ratio - Examples of electrical phenomena - Extremely Low Frequency (ELF) - Eye pattern The Kennelly-Heaviside Layer is also known as the E region or just as Heaviside Layer (after Oliver Heaviside). ... TV DX and FM DX are two terms, customarily grouped together, that mean distant reception of TV and FM radio stations, respectively. ... In-ear headphones Headphones (also known as earphones, stereophones, headsets, or the slang term cans) is a transducer that receives an electrical signal from a media player or receiver and uses speakers placed in close proximity to the ears (hence the name earphone) to convert the signal into audible sound... In-ear headphones Headphones (also known as earphones, stereophones, headsets, or the slang term cans) is a transducer that receives an electrical signal from a media player or receiver and uses speakers placed in close proximity to the ears (hence the name earphone) to convert the signal into audible sound... The magnetosphere shields the surface of the Earth from the charged particles of the solar wind. ... This article is about the Signals Intelligence capability. ... EDIF stands for Electronic Design Interchange Format, and has been predominantly used as a neutral format in which to store Electronic netlists and schematics. ... In telecommunication, effective data transfer rate is the average number of units of data, such as bits, characters, blocks, or frames, transferred per unit time from a source and accepted as valid by a sink. ... In telecommunication, effective Earth radius is the radius of a hypothetical Earth for which the distance to the radio horizon, assuming rectilinear propagation, is the same as that for the actual Earth with an assumed uniform vertical gradient of atmospheric refractive index. ... In telecommunication, the term effective height has the following meanings: 1. ... In telecommunications, effective input noise temperature is the source noise temperature in a two-port network or amplifier that will result in the same output noise power, when connected to a noise-free network or amplifier, as that of the actual network or amplifier connected to a noise-free source. ... Effective Isotropic Radiated Power (EIRP) is simply the amount of power radiated out of the antenna, into the air. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... In telecommunication, effective transmission rate (average rate of transmission, effective speed of transmission) is the rate at which information is processed by a transmission facility. ... Efficiency factor: In data communications, the ratio of (a) the time to transmit a text automatically at a specified modulation rate to (b) the time actually required to receive the same text at a specified maximum error rate. ... Electric charge is a fundamental conserved property of some subatomic particles, which determines their electromagnetic interaction. ... Electric current is the flow (movement) of electric charge. ... In physics, the space surrounding an electric charge or in the presence of a time-varying magnetic field has a property called an electric field. ... For other kinds of motors, see motor. ... For delivered electrical power, see Electrical power industry. ... Power line redirects here. ... Conduction is the movement of electrically charged particles through a transmission medium (electrical conductor). ... Electrical conductivity or specific conductivity is a measure of a materials ability to conduct an electric current. ... An electrical connector is a conductive device for joining electrical circuits together. ... In electricity, current is the rate of flow of charges, usually through a metal wire or some other electrical conductor. ... The efficiency of an entity (a device, component, or system) in electronics and electrical engineering is defined as useful power output divided by the total electrical power consumed (a fractional expression). ... Electrical Engineers design power systems… … and complex electronic circuits. ... This article is about machines that produce electricity. ... In telecommunication, the term electrical length has the following meanings: 1. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Electrical resistance is a measure of the degree to which an electrical component opposes the passage of current. ... Main electrical distribution room in a large building. ... For the Analog Science Fiction and Science Fact publication, see Astounding Magazine. ... Electricity (from New Latin ēlectricus, amberlike) is a general term for a variety of phenomena resulting from the presence and flow of electric charge. ... 11kV/400V-230V transformer in an older suburb of Wellington, New Zealand Electricity distribution is the penultimate stage in the delivery (before retail) of electricity to end users. ... The electro-optic effect is a change in the optical properties of a material in response to an electric field that varies slowly compared with the frequency of light. ... Electro-optic modulator is an optical device in which a signal-controlled element is used to modulate a beam of light. ... Electro-optics is a branch of technology involving components, devices and systems which operate by modification of the optical properties of a material by an electric field. ... A demonstration electrochemical cell setup resembling the Daniell cell. ... English chemists John Daniell (left) and Michael Faraday (right), both credited to be founders of electrochemistry as known today. ... For other uses, see Electrode (disambiguation). ... Electromagnetism is the physics of the electromagnetic field: a field, encompassing all of space, composed of the electric field and the magnetic field. ... Electrolytic capacitors An electrolytic capacitor is a type of capacitor typically with a larger capacitance per unit volume than other types, making them valuable in relatively high-current and low-frequency electrical circuits. ... In telecommunication, the term electromagnetic environment (EME) has the following meanings: 1. ... For magnetic induction, see Magnetic field. ... In telecommunication, electromagnetic interference control (EMI) is the control of radiated and conducted energy such that emissions that are unnecessary for system, subsystem, or equipment operation are reduced, minimized, or eliminated. ... The term electromagnetic pulse (EMP) has the following meanings: electromagnetic radiation from an explosion (especially a nuclear explosion) or an intensely fluctuating magnetic field caused by Compton-recoil electrons and photoelectrons from photons scattered in the materials of the electronic or explosive device or in a surrounding medium. ... Electromagnetic waves can be imagined as a self-propagating transverse oscillating wave of electric and magnetic fields. ... Electromagnetic radiation can be classified into ionizing radiation and non-ionizing radiation, based on whether it is capable of ionizing atoms and breaking chemical bonds. ... Legend γ = Gamma rays HX = Hard X-rays SX = Soft X-Rays EUV = Extreme ultraviolet NUV = Near ultraviolet Visible light NIR = Near infrared MIR = Moderate infrared FIR = Far infrared Radio waves EHF = Extremely high frequency (Microwaves) SHF = Super high frequency (Microwaves) UHF = Ultra high frequency VHF = Very high frequency HF = High... In telecommunication, electromagnetic survivability is the ability of a system, subsystem, or equipment to resume functioning without evidence of degradation following temporary exposure to an adverse electromagnetic environment. ... An electrometer is an electrical instrument for measuring electric charge or electrical potential difference. ... Electromagnetism is the physics of the electromagnetic field: a field which exerts a force on particles that possess the property of electric charge, and is in turn affected by the presence and motion of those particles. ... For the following two reasons the electron hole was introduced into calculations: If an electron is excited into higher state it leaves a hole in its old state. ... For other uses, see Electron (disambiguation). ... The term amplifier as used in this article can mean either a circuit (or stage) using a single active device or a complete system such as a packaged audio hi-fi amplifier. ... In telecommunication, the term electronic deception means the deliberate radiation, reradiation, alteration, suppression, absorption, denial, enhancement, or reflection of electromagnetic energy in a manner intended to convey misleading information and to deny valid information to an enemy or to enemy electronics-dependent weapons. ... PCB Layout Program Electronic design automation (EDA) is the category of tools for designing and producing electronic systems ranging from printed circuit boards (PCBs) to integrated circuits. ... Television signal splitter consisting of a hi-pass filter (left) and a low-pass filter (right). ... An electronic imager is an electronic device that detects electromagnetic radiation with spatial resolution. ... An electronic mixer is a device for mixing two or more electronic signals. ... Telharmonium, created by Thaddeus Cahill 1897 Luigi Russolo and his assistant Ugo Piatti with their Intonarumori, 1913 Léon Theremin and his Theremin, 1919 Trautonium, 1928 An electronic musical instrument is a musical instrument that produces its sounds using electronics. ... Cross coupled LC oscillator with output on top An electronic oscillator is an electronic circuit that produces a repetitive electronic signal, often a sine wave or a square wave. ... An electronic power supply, often referred to somewhat incorrectly as an AC adaptor, is an electronic device that produces direct current of a particular voltage and current from a source of electricity such as a battery or wall-socket power. ... Electronic tagging is a form of non-surreptitious surveillance consisting of an electronic device attached to a person or vehicle, especially certain criminals, allowing their whereabouts to be monitored. ... Back to Electronics A Tektronix model 475A portable analogue oscilloscope Electronic test equipment (sometimes called testgear) is used to create stimulus signals and capture responses from electronic Devices Under Test (DUTs). ... French ship Monge, specialised in SIGINT In telecommunication, the term electronic warfare support measures (ESM) is the division of electronic warfare involving actions taken under direct control of an operational commander to search for, intercept, identify, and locate sources of radiated electromagnetic energy for the purpose of immediate threat recognition. ... This article is about the engineering discipline. ... Electrostatic discharge (ESD) is the sudden and momentary electric current that flows between two objects at different electrical potentials. ... In telecommunications, an electronic switching system (ESS) is: A telephone switching system based on the principles of time-division multiplexing of digitized analog signals. ... The electronic color code discussed here is used to indicate the values or ratings of electronic components, very commonly for resistors, but also for capacitors, inductors, and others. ... It has been suggested that Electrical component be merged into this article or section. ... Emergency position-indicating rescue beacons (EPIRB), also called Emergency Locator Transmitter (ELT) or Personal Locator Beacon, are small radio transmitters that some satellites and search and rescue aircraft can use to locate people, boats and aircraft needing rescue. ... Emergency Position-Indicating Radio Beacons (EPIRBs), Emergency Locator Transmitters (ELTs) and Personal Locator Beacons (PLBs) are tracking transmitters that operate as part of the Cospas-Sarsat satellite system. ... In electronics, emitter coupled logic, or ECL, is a logic family in which current is steered through bipolar transistors to compute logical functions. ... In information theory an entropy encoding is a data compression scheme that assigns codes to symbols so as to match code lengths with the probabilities of the symbols. ... End distortion: In start-stop teletypewriter operation, the shifting of the end of all marking pulses, except the stop pulse, from their proper positions in relation to the beginning of the next start pulse. ... In telecommunication, endurability is the property of a system, subsystem, equipment, or process that enables it to continue to function within specified performance limits for an extended period of time, usually months, despite a severe natural or man-made disturbance, such as a nuclear attack, or a loss of external... Enhanced service is service offered over commercial carrier transmission facilities used in interstate communications, that employs computer processing applications that act on the format, content, code, protocol, or similar aspects of the subscribers transmitted information; provides the subscriber with additional, different, or restructured information; or involves subscriber interaction with... Equilibrium length: For a specific excitation condition, the length of multimode optical fiber necessary to attain equilibrium mode distribution. ... In telecommunication, an equivalent noise resistance is a quantitative representation in resistance units of the spectral density of a noise-voltage generator, given by where is the spectral density, is the Boltzmanns constant, is the standard noise temperature (290 K), so . ... In telecommunication, equivalent pulse code modulation noise (PCM) is the amount of thermal noise power on a frequency-division multiplexed (FDM) or wire channel necessary to approximate the same judgment of speech quality created by quantizing noise in a PCM channel. ... For other uses, see Shredding (disambiguation). ... In information theory and coding, an error-correcting code or ECC is a code in which each data signal conforms to specific rules of construction so that departures from this construction in the received signal can generally be automatically detected and corrected. ... In telecommunication, an error burst is a contiguous sequence of symbols, received over a data transmission channel, such that the first and last symbols are in error and there exists no contiguous subsequence of m correctly received symbols within the error burst. ... In telecommunication, an error ratio is the ratio of the number of bits, elements, characters, or blocks incorrectly received to the total number of bits, elements, characters, or blocks sent during a specified time interval. ... Electrical phenomena are commonplace and unusual events that can be observed which illuminate the principles of the physics of electricity and are explained by them. ... Extremely low frequency (ELF) is the band of radio frequencies from 3 to 30 Hz. ... In telecommunication, an eye pattern is an oscilloscope display in which a pseudorandom digital data signal from a receiver is repetitively sampled and applied to the vertical input, while the data rate is used to trigger the horizontal sweep. ...

F

Fab - Facility - Facsimile converter - Fade - Fading distribution - Fail safe - Fall time - fan-beam antenna - Far-field region - Farad - Faraday cage - Faraday constant - Faraday's law of induction - Fault management - Fault - FCC registration program - Federal Standard 1037C - feed - Feed horn - Feedback - Ferromagnetism - Ferroelectric effect - Field - Field effect transistor - Field (physics) - FPGA Field programmable gate array - Field strength - Filled cable - Filter - Filter design - Flip-flop - Flutter - Fluorescent lamp - Flux - Flywheel effect - FM band - FM improvement factor - FM improvement threshold - FM radio - Fourier series - Fourier transform (see also List of Fourier-related transforms) - Forward error correction - Four-wire circuit - Four-wire terminating set - Fractal antenna - Frame - Frame rate - Frame slip - Frame synchronization - Framing bit - Free-space loss - Freenet - Freeze frame television - Frequency - Frequency modulation synthesis - Frequency-exchange signaling - Frequency-hopping spread spectrum - Frequency-shift keying - Frequency-division multiplexing - Frequency assignment - Frequency averaging - Frequency counter - Frequency deviation - Frequency frogging - Frequency modulation - Frequency synthesiser - Frequency standard - Fresnel zone - Fresnel equations - Fresnel reflection - Front-to-back ratio - Fuel cell - Fuse It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Fabrication plant. ... In telecommunication, the term facility has the following meanings: 1. ... In telecommunication, the term facsimile converter has the following meanings: 1. ... Look up fade in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... In telecommunication, a fading distribution is the probability distribution that signal fading will exceed a given value relative to a specified reference level. ... The term fail-safe is used to describe: A device which, if (or when) it fails, fails in a way that will cause no harm or at least a minimum of harm to other devices or danger to personnel. ... In telecommunication, fall time (pulse decay time) is the time required for the amplitude of a pulse to decrease (fall) from a specified value (usually 90 percent of the peak value exclusive of overshoot or undershoot) to another specified value (usually 10 percent of the peak value exclusive of overshoot... A fan-beam antenna is a directional antenna producing a main beam having a narrow beamwidth in one dimension and a wider beamwidth in the other dimension. ... In the study of diffraction and antenna design, the near field is that part of the radiated field that is within a small number of wavelengths of the diffracting edge or antenna. ... Examples of various types of capacitors. ... Entrance to a Faraday room A Faraday cage or Faraday shield is an enclosure formed by conducting material, or by a mesh of such material. ... I am the man. ... Faradays law of induction (more generally, the law of electromagnetic induction) states that the induced emf (electromotive force) in a closed loop equals the negative of the time rate of change of magnetic flux through the loop. ... In network management, fault management is the set of functions that detect, isolate, and correct malfunctions in a telecommunications network, compensate for environmental changes, and include maintaining and examining error logs, accepting and acting on error detection notifications, tracing and identifying faults, carrying out sequences of diagnostics tests, correcting faults... There are various types of faults: In document ISO/CD 10303-226, a fault is defined as an abnormal condition or defect at the component, equipment, or sub-system level which may lead to a failure. ... In telecommunication, FCC registration program is the federal Communications Commission program and associated directives intended to assure that all connected terminal equipment and protective circuitry will not harm the public switched telephone network or certain private line services. ... Federal Standard 1037C, entitled Telecommunications: Glossary of Telecommunication Terms is a United States Federal Standard, issued by the General Services Administration pursuant to the Federal Property and Administrative Services Act of 1949, as amended. ... The word feed has a number of uses: Feeding is supplying food. ... In satellite dish and antenna design parlance, a feedhorn (or feed horn) is a horn antenna used to convey radio waves between the transceiver (transmitter and/or receiver) and the reflector. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Feedback loop. ... Ferromagnetism is the phenomenon by which materials, such as iron, in an external magnetic field become magnetized and remain magnetized for a period after the material is no longer in the field. ... In physics, the ferroelectric effect is an electrical phenomenon whereby certain ionic crystals may exhibit a spontaneous dipole moment. ... In video, a field is one of the many still images which comprise a They are similar to frames, but they have half the vertical resolution and are displayed twice as fast. ... Large power N-channel field effect transistor The field-effect transistor (FET) is a transistor that relies on an electric field to control the shape and hence the conductivity of a channel in a semiconductor material. ... The magnitude of an electric field surrounding two equally charged (repelling) particles. ... An Altera Stratix II GX FPGA. A field-programmable gate array is a semiconductor device containing programmable logic components called logic blocks, and programmable interconnects. ... ʐIn physics, the field strength of a field is the magnitude of its vector (spatial) value. ... In telecommunication, a filled cable is a cable that has a nonhygroscopic material, usually a gel, inside the jacket or sheath. ... Television signal splitter consisting of a hi-pass filter (left) and a low-pass filter (right). ... Filter design is the process of working out a filter (in the sense in which the term is used in signal processing, statistics, and applied mathematics), often a linear shift-invariant filter, which satisfies a set of requirements, some of which are contradicting. ... In digital circuits, the flip-flop, latch, or bistable multivibrator is an electronic circuit which has two stable states and thereby is capable of serving as one bit of memory. ... Flutter: In electronics, rapid variation of signal parameters, such as amplitude, phase, and frequency. ... Fluorescent lamps in Shinbashi, Tokyo, Japan Assorted types of fluorescent lamps. ... flux in science and mathematics. ... The flywheel effect is the continuation of oscillations in an oscillator circuit after the control stimulus has been removed. ... In most of the world, the FM broadcast band, used for broadcasting FM radio stations, goes from 87. ... In telecommunication, FM improvement factor is the quotient obtained by dividing the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) at the output of an FM receiver by the carrier-to-noise ratio (CNR) at the input of the receiver. ... In telecommunication, FM improvement threshold is the point in an FM (frequency modulation) receiver at which the peaks in the RF signal equal the peaks of the thermal noise generated in the receiver. ... FM radio is a broadcast technology invented by Edwin Howard Armstrong that uses frequency modulation to provide high-fidelity sound over broadcast radio. ... The Fourier series is a mathematical tool used for analyzing periodic functions by decomposing such a function into a weighted sum of much simpler sinusoidal component functions sometimes referred to as normal Fourier modes, or simply modes for short. ... In mathematics, the Fourier transform is a certain linear operator that maps functions to other functions. ... This is a list of linear transformations of functions related to the Fourier transform. ... In telecommunication, forward error correction (FEC) is a system of error control for data transmission, whereby the sender adds redundant data to its messages, which allows the receiver to detect and correct errors (within some bound) without the need to ask the sender for additional data. ... In telecommunication, a four-wire circuit is a two-way circuit using two paths so arranged that the respective signals are transmitted in one direction only by one path and in the other direction by the other path. ... A four-wire terminating set is a balanced transformer used to perform a conversion between 4-wire and 2-wire operation in telecommunication systems. ... A fractal antenna is an antenna that uses a [[self similar] design to maximize the length, or increase the perimeter (on inside sections or the outer structure), of material that can receive or transmit electromagnetic signals within a given total surface area. ... In telecommunications, a frame is a packet which has been encoded for transmission over a particular link. ... Frame rate, or frame frequency, is the measurement of the frequency (rate) at which an imaging device produces unique consecutive images called frames. ... In the reception of framed data, a frame slip is the loss of synchronization between a received frame and the receiver clock, causing a frame misalignment event, and resulting in the loss of the data contained in the received frame. ... Frame synchronization: While receiving a stream of framed data, frame synchronization is the process by which incoming frame alignment signals, , distinctive bit sequences (a syncword), are identified, , distinguished from data bits, permitting the data bits within the frame to be extracted for decoding or retransmission. ... In telecommunications, a framing bit is a bit used for frame synchronization. ... In telecommunication, free-space loss is the loss in signal strength (see discussion) that would result if all absorbing, diffracting, obstructing, refracting, scattering, and reflecting influences were sufficiently removed so as to have no effect on its propagation. ... For other uses, see Freenet (disambiguation) Freenet is a decentralized censorship-resistant peer-to-peer distributed data store aiming to provide electronic freedom of speech through strong anonymity. ... Freeze frame television: Television in which fixed (still) images (the frames of the video) are transmitted sequentially at a rate far too slow to be perceived as continuous motion by human vision. ... For other uses, see Frequency (disambiguation). ... Frequency modulation synthesis (or FM synthesis) is a form of audio synthesis where the timbre of a simple waveform is changed by frequency modulating it with a modulating frequency that is also in the audio range, resulting in a more complex waveform and a different-sounding tone. ... Frequency-exchange signaling: Frequency-change signaling in which the change from one significant condition to another is accompanied by decay in amplitude of one or more frequencies and by buildup in amplitude of one or more other frequencies. ... Frequency-hopping spread spectrum (FHSS) is a spread-spectrum method of transmitting radio signals by rapidly switching a carrier among many frequency channels, using a pseudorandom sequence known to both transmitter and receiver. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with audio frequency-shift keying. ... Frequency-division multiplexing (FDM) is a form of signal multiplexing where multiple baseband signals are modulated on different frequency carrier waves and added together to create a composite signal. ... In telecommunication, the term frequency averaging has the following meanings: 1. ... A frequency counter is an electronic instrument, or component of one, that is used for measuring frequency. ... In telecommunication, the term frequency deviation has the following meanings: The amount by which a frequency differs from a prescribed value, such as the amount an oscillator frequency drifts from its nominal frequency. ... In telecommunication, the term frequency frogging has the following meanings: 1. ... In telecommunications, frequency modulation (FM) conveys information over a carrier wave by varying its frequency. ... A frequency synthesizer is an electronic system for generating any of a range of frequencies from a single fixed timebase or oscillator. ... In telecommunication, a frequency standard is a stable oscillator used for frequency calibration or reference. ... Fresnel zone. ... The Fresnel equations, deduced by Augustin-Jean Fresnel, describe the behaviour of light when moving between media of differing refractive indices. ... In optics, Fresnel reflection is the reflection of a portion of incident light at a discrete interface between two media having different refractive indices. ... In telecommunication, the term front-to-back ratio has the following meanings: 1. ... A fuel cell is an electrochemical device similar to a battery, but differing from the latter in that it is designed for continuous replenishment of the reactants consumed; i. ... 200 A Industrial fuse. ...

G

Galvanometer - Gallium arsenide - Garble - Gateway - Gating - Gauss - Geiger-Mueller tube - Gel electrophoresis - Gemini Guidance Computer - Gender changer - Global Positioning System - Global system for mobile communications - GNU Radio - Graded-index fiber - Grade of service - Ground - Ground constants - Ground loop - Ground plane - Groundwave - Guided ray - Gyrator It has been suggested that Tangent galvanometer be merged into this article or section. ... This article is about the chemical compound. ... In telecommunication, the term garble has the following meanings: Garble in transmissions: An error in transmission, reception, encryption, or decryption that changes the text of a message or any portion thereof in such a manner that it is incorrect or undecryptable; Garble in telephone circuits: In a telephone circuit or... In telecommunications, the term gateway has the following meanings: In a communications network, a network node equipped for interfacing with another network that uses different protocols. ... In normal conversation it means Gay Dating, but in telecommunication, the term gating has the following meanings: 1. ... The gauss, abbreviated as G, is the cgs unit of magnetic flux density (B), named after the German mathematician and physicist Carl Friedrich Gauss. ... A Geiger-Müller tube is the sensing element of a Geiger counter instrument that can detect a single particle of ionizing radiation, and typically produce an audible click for each. ... Gel electrophoresis is a technique used for the separation of deoxyribonucleic acid, ribonucleic acid, or protein molecules through an electric charge. ... A gender changer is a hardware device placed between two cable connectors of the same type and gender. ... GPS redirects here. ... The Global System for Mobile communications (GSM: originally from Groupe Spécial Mobile) is the most popular standard for mobile phones in the world. ... GNU Radio is a free software toolkit for learning about, building, and deploying Software Defined Radios. ... In telecommunication, a graded-index fiber is an optical fiber with a core having a refractive index that decreases with increasing radial distance from the fiber axis. ... // Introduction In telecommunication, the quality of voice service is specified by two measures: The GOS (grade of service) and the QoS (quality of service). ... The word ground has several meanings: The surface of the Earth Soil, a mixture of sand and organic material present on the surface of the Earth Ground (electricity), in electrical engineering, something that is connected to the Earth or at the voltage defined as zero (in the US, called ground... In telecommunication, ground constants are the electrical parameters of earth, such as conductivity, permittivity, and magnetic permeability. ... In an electrical system, ground loop refers to an unwanted current that flows in a conductor connecting two points that are nominally at the same potential, ground, but are actually at different potentials. ... In telecommunication, a ground plane is an electrically conductive surface that serves as the near-field reflection point for an antenna, or as a reference ground in a circuit. ... Groundwave is the propagation of radio waves close to the surface of the Earth. ... Guided ray: In an optical fiber, a ray that is confined primarily to the core. ... The gyrator is an electric circuit which inverts an impedance. ...

H

H-channel - Halftone characteristic - Hall effect - Hamming code - Hamming distance - Handoff - Handshaking - Hard copy - Hardware register - Harmonic - Harmonic analysis - Harmonic oscillator - Hartley oscillator - Heat sink - helical antenna - Helmholtz coil - Henry (inductance) - Hertz - Heterodyne repeater - Heterodyne - High-performance equipment - High frequency - High-speed circuit-switched data - Hop - Horn - How to test three-phase electrical supply - How to test three-phase pumps - Hybrid balance - Hybrid circuit - Hybrid coil - hybrid coupler - Hysteresis H-channel: In Integrated Services Digital Networks (ISDN), a 384-kb/s, 1472-kb/s, or 1536-kb/s channel, designated as H0, H10, and H11, respectively, accompanied by timing signals used to carry a wide variety of user information. ... In telecommunication, the term halftone characteristic has the following meanings: In facsimile systems, the relationship between the density of the recorded copy and the density of the object, , the original. ... Hall effect diagram, showing electron flow (rather than conventional current). ... In telecommunication, a Hamming code is a linear error-correcting code named after its inventor, Richard Hamming. ... In information theory, the Hamming distance between two strings of equal length is the number of positions for which the corresponding symbols are different. ... In telecommunication, the term handoff refers to the process of transferring an ongoing call or data session from one channel connected to the core network to another. ... In information technology, telecommunications, and related fields, handshaking is an automated process of negotiation that dynamically sets parameters of a communications channel established between two entities before normal communication over the channel begins. ... Hard Copy was a tabloid news infotainment magazine show similar to Inside Edition and A Current Affair. ... In computing, a hardware register is a storage area for Digital electronics and particularly Computer hardware including the Central processing unit (CPU) and input/output (I/O) of different kinds. ... This article is about the components of sound. ... Harmonic analysis is the branch of mathematics that studies the representation of functions or signals as the superposition of basic waves. ... In classical mechanics, a Harmonic oscillator is a system which, when displaced from its equilibrium position, experiences a restoring force proportional to the displacement according to Hookes law: where is a positive constant. ... Schematic diagram The Hartley oscillator is an LC electronic oscillator that derives its feedback from a tapped coil in parallel with a capacitor (the tank circuit). ... CPU heat sink with fan attached A heat sink (or heatsink) is an environment or object that absorbs and dissipates heat from another object using thermal contact (either direct or radiant). ... A helical antenna is an antenna consisting of a conducting wire wound in the form of a helix. ... A Helmholtz coil The term Helmholtz coils refers to a device for producing a region of nearly uniform magnetic field. ... An inductor. ... This article is about the SI unit of frequency. ... Heterodyne repeater or cross band repeater: In radio reception and retransmission, a repeater that converts the original band of frequencies of the received signal to a different frequency band for retransmission after amplification. ... In telecommunications, to heterodyne is to generate new frequencies by mixing two or more signals in a nonlinear device such as a vacuum tube, transistor, or diode mixer. ... High-performance equipment describes telecommunications equipment that (a) has the performance characteristics required for use in trunks or links, (b) is designed primarily for use in global and tactical systems, and (c) sufficiently withstands electromagnetic interference when operating in a variety of network or point-to-point circuits. ... High frequency (HF) radio frequencies are between 3 and 30 MHz. ... High-Speed Circuit-Switched Data (HSCSD), is a development of Circuit Switched Data, the original data transmission mechanism of the GSM mobile phone system. ... In telecommunication, the term hop has the following meanings: 1. ... For other types of horns, see horn (disambiguation). ... In telecommunications, a hybrid balance is an expression of the degree of electrical symmetry between two impedances connected to two conjugate sides of a hybrid set or resistance hybrid. ... An electronic circuit consisting of several different levels of components; printed circuits, semiconductors, resistors, capacitors etc. ... A hybrid coil (or bridge transformer) is a single transformer that effectively has three windings, and which is designed to be configured as a circuit having four branches, (i. ... A hybrid coupler is a passive device used in radio and telecommunications. ... A system with hysteresis exhibits path-dependence, or rate-independent memory. Consider a deterministic system with no hysteresis and no dynamics. ...

I

IEEE 802 - IEEE 802.11 - IEEE 802.15 - Image antenna - Image response - Image frequency - Image rejection ratio - Impedance - Impedance match - Impedance mismatch - In-band on-channel - Incidental radiator - Independent sideband - Index of cooperation - Inductive coupling - Inductor - Inductive reactance - Information transfer - Information-bearer channel - Infrared - Input - Insertion gain - Insertion loss - Inside plant - Insulation - Integrated circuit - Intentional radiator - Intensity modulation - Intercept - Interchange circuit - Intercharacter interval - Interconnect facility - Interference - Interferometry - Intermediate-field region - Intermodulation distortion - International Electrotechnical Commission - Interoperability - Interposition trunk - Intersymbol interference - Inverse multiplexer - Inverse-square law - Ion pump - Ionosphere - ISM band - Isochronous burst transmission - Isochronous signal - Isotropic antenna IEEE 802 refers to a family of IEEE standards about local area networks and metropolitan area networks. ... IEEE 802. ... IEEE 802. ... In telecommunication, an image antenna is a hypothetical mirror-image, , virtual-image, of an antenna, , antenna element, considered to extend as far below ground, , the ground plane, as the actual antenna is above the ground plane. ... Image Response (or more correctly, Image Response Rejection Ratio, or IMRR) is a measure of performance of a radio receiver, particularly one that operates on the super-heterodyne principle. ... Image frequency: In radio reception using heterodyning in the tuning process, an undesired input frequency that is capable of producing the same intermediate frequency (IF) that the desired input frequency produces. ... Image rejection ratio: In reception using heterodyning in the tuning process, the ratio of (a) the intermediate-frequency (IF) signal level produced by the desired input frequency to (b) that produced by the image frequency. ... Electrical impedance, or simply impedance, is a measure of opposition to a sinusoidal alternating electric current. ... This article or section should be merged with Maximum power theorem. ... Impedance mismatch has two meanings. ... In-band on-channel (IBOC) is a method of transmitting digital radio and analog radio broadcast signals simultaneously on the same frequency. ... A incidental radiator is any device which creates radio waves as part of its normal operation, but is not specifically designed to do so. ... Independent sideband (ISB) is an AM single sideband mode which is used with some AM radio transmissions. ... In electronics, inductive coupling refers to the transfer of energy from one circuit component to another through a shared magnetic field. ... An inductor is a passive electrical device employed in electrical circuits for its property of inductance. ... This article is about electronics. ... In telecommunications, information transfer is the process of moving messages containing user information from a source to a sink. ... In telecommunication, the term information-bearer channel has the following meanings: 1. ... For other uses, see Infrared (disambiguation). ... Input3 is the term denoting either an entrance or changes which are inserted into a system and which activate/modify a process. ... In telecommunication, insertion gain is the gain resulting from the insertion of a device in a transmission line, expressed as the ratio of the signal power delivered to that part of the line following the device to the signal power delivered to that same part before insertion. ... In telecommunication, the term insertion loss has the following meanings: 1. ... In telecommunication, the term inside plant has the following meanings: 1. ... This article or section is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ... Integrated circuit of Atmel Diopsis 740 System on Chip showing memory blocks, logic and input/output pads around the periphery Microchips with a transparent window, showing the integrated circuit inside. ... An intentional radiator is any device which is designed to produce radio waves on purpose. ... Intensity modulation (IM): In optical communications, a form of modulation in which the optical power output of a source is varied in accordance with some characteristic of the modulating signal. ... Look up intercept in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... In telecommunication, an interchange circuit is a circuit that facilitates the exchange of data and signaling information between data terminal equipment (DTE) and data circuit-terminating equipment (DCE). ... Intercharacter interval: In asynchronous transmission, the time interval between the end of the stop signal of one character and the beginning of the start signal of the next character. ... Interconnect facility: In a communications network, one or more communications links that (a) are used to provide local area communications service among several locations and (b) collectively form a node in the network. ... For other uses, see Interference (disambiguation). ... It has been suggested that Optical interferometry be merged into this article or section. ... Intermediate-field region: For an antenna, the transition region--lying between the near-field region and the far-field region--in which the field strength of an electromagnetic wave is dependent upon the inverse distance, inverse square of the distance, and the inverse cube of the distance from the antenna. ... Intermodulation distortion: Nonlinear distortion characterized by the appearance, in the output of a device, of frequencies that are linear combinations of the fundamental frequencies and all harmonics present in the input signals. ... The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) is an international standards organization dealing with electrical, electronic and related technologies. ... Interoperability is connecting people, data and diverse systems. ... In telecommunication, the term interposition trunk has the following meanings: 1. ... In telecommunication, the term intersymbol interference has the following meanings: 1. ... An inverse multiplexer (often abbreviated to inverse mux, imux or demux) allows a data stream to be broken into multiple lower data rate communications links. ... This diagram shows how the law works. ... Sputter ion pumps are a class of vacuum pump designed to operate in very low pressure (i. ... Relationship of the atmosphere and ionosphere The ionosphere is the uppermost part of the atmosphere, distinguished because it is ionized by solar radiation. ... The industrial, scientific and medical (ISM) radio bands were originally reserved internationally for non-commercial use of RF electromagnetic fields for industrial, scientific and medical purposes. ... Isochronous burst transmission is a method of data transmission. ... In telecommunication, an isochronous signal is a signal in which the time interval separating any two significant instants is equal to the unit interval or a multiple of the unit interval. ... An isotropic antenna is an ideal antenna that radiates power with unit gain uniformly in all directions and is often used to reference antenna gains in wireless systems. ...

J

Jam signal - Jamming - Jansky - Jitter In telecommunication, a jam signal is a signal that carries a bit pattern sent by a data station to inform the other stations that they must not transmit. ... The term Jamming can refer to several things: Jamming as an electronic warfare (EW) - a technique to limit the effectiveness of an opponents communications and/or detection equipment, like Radio Jamming and Radar Jamming E-Mail Jamming- used by electronic political activists or hackers to disable e-mail systems... In radio astronomy, the flux unit or jansky (symbol Jy) is a non-SI unit of electromagnetic flux equivalent to 10−26 watts per square metre per hertz. ... In telecommunication, jitter is an abrupt and unwanted variation of one or more signal characteristics, such as the interval between successive pulses, the amplitude of successive cycles, or the frequency or phase of successive cycles. ...

K

K-factor - Karnaugh map - Kendall effect - Key pulsing - Kirchhoff's circuit laws - Klystron - Knife-edge effect // In telecommunication, the term k-factor has the following meanings: 1. ... An example Karnaugh map The Karnaugh map, also known as a Veitch diagram (K-map or KV-map for short), is a tool to facilitate management of Boolean algebraic expressions. ... The Kendall effect is a term used in telecommunications to describe a spurious pattern or other distortion in a fax (facsimile record copy). ... In telecommunication, a key pulsing (pulsing) is a system of sending telephone calling signals in which the digits are transmitted by operation of a pushbutton key set. ... Not to be confused with Kerckhoffs principle. ... Reflex klystron Type 2K25 or 723 A/B. The threaded adjustment rod on the right side allows the position of the reflector to be adjusted (by compressing the reflex cavity), and thus the natural resonant frequency of the device. ... In electromagnetic wave propagation, the knife-edge effect is a redirection by diffraction of a portion of the incident radiation that strikes a well-defined obstacle such as a mountain range or the edge of a building. ...

L

LNA - LaFayette Radio - Laser - Launch angle - Launch numerical aperture - Lead-lag effect - Leaky mode - Light bulb - Light-dependent resistor - Light-emitting diode - Lightning - Limiting - Line code - Linear feedback shift register - Linear regulator - Lip synchronization - List of antenna terms - List of telecommunications encryption terms - List of telecommunications transmission terms - List of telephony terminology - Load - Loading - Loading characteristic - Loading coil - lobe - Local battery - Log-periodic antenna - Logic - Logic families - Logic gate - Long-haul communications - Long-tailed pair - Long-term stability - Longitudinal redundancy check - loop - Loop gain - Loop-back - Low frequency - Low-performance equipment - Low noise amplifier - Lumped element model LNA is a TLA that may stand for: Laboratório Nacional de Astrofísica (Brazil, lna. ... Lafayette Radio was a radio manufacturer and retailer based in Syosset, New York. ... For other uses, see Laser (disambiguation). ... In telecommunication, the term launch angle has the following meanings: 1. ... In telecommunication, launch numerical aperture (LNA) is the numerical aperture of an optical system used to couple (launch) power into an optical fiber. ... A lead-lag effect, especially in economics, describes the situation where one (leading) variable is correlated with the values of another (lagging) variable at later times. ... Leaky mode: In an optical fiber or other form of waveguide, a mode having a field that decays monotonically for a finite distance in the transverse direction but becomes oscillatory everywhere beyond that finite distance. ... The light bulb is one of the most significant inventions in the history of the human race, illuminating the darkness of the evening and bringing light indoors at all times in order focus on the task at hand. ... A photoresistor is an electronic component whose resistance decreases with increasing incident light intensity. ... “LED” redirects here. ... Not to be confused with lighting. ... For limiting related to the Law of the Minimum, see limiting factor. ... An example of coding a binary signal using rectangular pulse amplitude modulation with polar non-return-to-zero code An example of Bipolar encoding, or AMI. Encoding of 11011000100 in Manchester encoding An example of Differential Manchester encoding An example of Biphase mark code An example of MLT-3 encoding. ... A linear feedback shift register (LFSR) is a shift register whose input bit is a linear function of its previous state. ... In electronics, a linear regulator is a voltage regulator based on an active device (such as a bipolar junction transistor, field effect transistor or vacuum tube) operating in its linear region (in contrast, a switching regulator is based on a transistor forced to act as an on/off switch) or... Lip synchronization is the synchronization of audio signals (sometimes with corresponding video signals) so that there is no noticeable lack of simultaneity between them. ... The following are terms and acronyms which relate to telephony networks. ... Load may mean: Look up Load in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... In telecommunication, the term loading means the insertion of impedance into a circuit to change the characteristics of the circuit. ... Loading characteristic: In multichannel telephone systems, a plot, for the busy hour, of the equivalent mean power and the peak power as a function of the number of voice channels. ... In electronics, a loading coil is a coil (inductor) that does not provide coupling to any other circuit, but is inserted in a circuit to increase its inductance. ... In telecommunication, the term lobe has the following meanings: An identifiable segment of an antenna radiation pattern. ... In telecommunication, the term local battery has the following meanings: 1. ... Log-periodic dipole array In telecommunication, a log-periodic antenna (LP, also known as a log-periodic array) is a broadband, multielement, unidirectional, narrow-beam antenna that has impedance and radiation characteristics that are regularly repetitive as a logarithmic function of the excitation frequency. ... Logic (from Classical Greek λόγος logos; meaning word, thought, idea, argument, account, reason, or principle) is the study of the principles and criteria of valid inference and demonstration. ... This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ... A logic gate performs a logical operation on one or more logic inputs and produces a single logic output. ... In telecommunication, the term long-haul communications has the following meanings: 1. ... A long-tailed pair with current-mirror load and constant-current drive. ... Long-term stability: Of an oscillator, the degree of uniformity of frequency over time, when the frequency is measured under identical environmental conditions, such as supply voltage, load, and temperature. ... In telecommunication, a longitudinal redundancy check (LRC) or horizontal redundancy check is a form of redundancy check based on the formation of a block check following preset rules: The block check formation rules are applied in the same manner to each character. ... Hardware or software device which feeds the incoming signal or data back to the sender. ... In telecommunication, the term loop gain has the following meanings: 1. ... In telecommunication, the term loop-back has the following meanings: 1. ... Low Frequency or LF refers to Radio Frequencies (RF) in the range of 30–300 kHz. ... In telecommunication, the term low-performance equipment has the following meanings: Equipment that has imprecise characteristics that do not meet system reliability requirements. ... The low noise amplifier (LNA) is a special type of electronic amplifier or amplifier used in communication systems to amplify very weak signals captured by an antenna. ... The lumped element model of electronic circuits makes the simplifying assumption that each element is an infinitesimal point in space, and that the wires connecting elements are perfect conductors. ...

M

Magnet - Magnetic core memory - Magnetic field - Magnetic flux - Magnetic flux quantum - Magnetic levitation - Magnetism - Magnetosphere - Magneto-optic effect - Magnetron - Main distribution frame - Main lobe - Manchester code - Maser - Mask work - Master frequency generator - Maximum power - Maximal-ratio combiner - Maximum usable frequency - Maxwell coil - Maxwell's equations - Maxwell's demon - Mean time between outages - Mediation function - Medium - Medium frequency (MF) - Medium-power talker - Mediumwave - Michelson-Morley experiment - Microelectronics - Microphone - Microwave - Microwave auditory effect - Microwave oven - MIL-STD-188 - Minimum bend radius - Mode scrambler - Mode volume - Modem - Modular synthesizer - Modulation - Modulation factor - Modulation rate - Molecular electronics - Monostable - Moore's law - Morse code - MOS Technology 6501 - MOS Technology 6502 - MOS Technology VIC-II - MOS Technology SID - Mu-law algorithm - Multi-element dipole antenna - Multimeter - Multipath - Multipath propagation - Multiple access - Multiple homing - Multiplex baseband - multicoupler - Multiplexer - Multiplexing - Multiplication ALU - Multivibrator For other uses, see Magnet (disambiguation). ... A 16×16 cm area core memory plane of 128×128 bits, i. ... Magnetic field lines shown by iron filings In physics, the space surrounding moving electric charges, changing electric fields and magnetic dipoles contains a magnetic field. ... Magnetic flux, represented by the Greek letter Φ (phi), is a measure of quantity of magnetism, taking account of the strength and the extent of a magnetic field. ... The magnetic flux quantum Φ0 is the quantum of magnetic flux passing through a superconductor. ... This article is about magnetic levitation. ... For other senses of this word, see magnetism (disambiguation). ... A magnetosphere is the region around an astronomical object in which phenomena are dominated or organized by its magnetic field. ... Magneto-optic effect: Any one of a number of phenomena in which an electromagnetic wave interacts with a magnetic field, or with matter under the influence of a magnetic field. ... A cavity magnetron is a high-powered vacuum tube that generates coherent microwaves. ... In telecommunication, a main distribution frame (MDF) is a distribution frame on one part of which the external trunk cables entering a facility terminate, and on another part of which the internal user subscriber lines and trunk cabling to any intermediate distribution frames terminate. ... Main lobe: Of an antenna radiation pattern, the lobe containing the maximum power (exhibiting the greatest field strength). ... In telecommunication, Manchester code (also known as Phase Encoding, or PE) is a form of data communications line code in which each bit of data is signified by at least one voltage level transition. ... A hydrogen radio frequency discharge, the first element inside a hydrogen maser (see description below) A maser is a device that produces coherent electromagnetic waves through amplification due to stimulated emission. ... A mask work is a two or three-dimensional layout of an integrated circuit (IC), i. ... Master frequency generator: In frequency-division multiplexing (FDM), equipment used to provide system end-to-end carrier frequency synchronization and frequency accuracy of tones. ... The concpet of maximum power has been proposed as the fourth principle of energetics. ... In telecommunication, a maximal-ratio combiner is a diversity combiner in which (a) the signals from each channel are added together, (b) the gain of each channel is made proportional to the rms signal level and inversely proportional to the mean square noise level in that channel, and (c) the... Maximum usable frequency (MUF) describes, in radio transmission, using reflection from the regular ionized layers of the ionosphere, the upper frequency limit that can be used for transmission between two points at a specified time. ... Maxwell coil layout in cylindrical coordinates. ... For thermodynamic relations, see Maxwell relations. ... Maxwells demon is an 1867 thought experiment by the Scottish physicist James Clerk Maxwell, meant to raise questions about the possibility of violating the second law of thermodynamics. ... In a system the mean time between outages (MTBO) is the mean time between equipment failures that result in loss of system continuity or unacceptable degradation. ... Mediation function: In telecommunications network management, a function that routes or acts on information passing between network elements and network operations. ... A transmission medium is any material substance, such as fiber-optic cable, twisted-wire pair, coaxial cable, dielectric-slab waveguide, water, or air, that can be used for the propagation of signals, usually in the form of modulated radio, light, or acoustic waves, from one point to another. ... Medium frequency (MF) refers to radio frequencies (RF) in the range of 300 kHz to 3000 kHz. ... In telecommunication, a medium-power talker is a hypothetical talker, within a log-normal distribution of talkers, whose volume lies at the medium power of all talkers determining the volume distribution at the point of interest. ... Mediumwave radio transmissions serves as the most common band for broadcasting. ... The Michelson-Morley experiment, one of the most important and famous experiments in the history of physics, was performed in 1887 by Albert Michelson and Edward Morley at what is now Case Western Reserve University, and is considered by some to be the first strong evidence against the theory of... Microelectronics is a subfield of electronics. ... “Microphones” redirects here. ... This article is about the type of Electromagnetic radiation. ... This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ... Microwave oven A microwave oven, or microwave, is a kitchen appliance employing microwave radiation primarily to cook or heat food. ... MIL-STD-188 is a series of U.S. military standards relating to telecommunications. ... In telecommunication, minimum bend radius is the radius below which a cable should not be bent. ... In telecommunication, the term mode scrambler (mode mixer) has the following meanings: A device for inducing mode coupling in an optical fiber. ... In telecommunication, mode volume is the number of bound modes that an optical fiber is capable of supporting. ... For other uses, see Modem (disambiguation). ... Sine, square, triangle, and sawtooth waveforms The modular synthesizer is a type of synthesizer consisting of separate modules which must be connected by wires (patch cords) to create a so-called patch. ... In telecommunications, modulation is the process of varying a periodic waveform, i. ... Modulation factor: In amplitude modulation, the ratio of the peak variation actually used, to the maximum design variation in a given type of modulation. ... In telecommunication, the term modulation rate has the following meanings: 1. ... Molecular electronics (sometimes called moletronics) is a branch of applied physics which aims at using molecules as passive (e. ... A monostable multivibrator is an electronic circuit that has two states, only one of which is stable. ... Gordon Moores original graph from 1965 Growth of transistor counts for Intel processors (dots) and Moores Law (upper line=18 months; lower line=24 months) For the observation regarding information retrieval, see Mooers Law. ... 1922 Chart of the Morse Code Letters and Numerals Morse code is a method for transmitting telegraphic information, using standardized sequences of short and long elements to represent the letters, numerals, punctuation and special characters of a message. ... The 6501 is an eight-bit microprocessor, the first sold by MOS Technology. ... The MOS Technology 6502 is an 8-bit microprocessor that was designed by Chuck Peddle for MOS Technology in 1975. ... The VIC-II (Video Interface Chip II), specifically known as the MOS Technology 6567/8562/8564 (NTSC versions), 6569/8565/8566 (PAL), is the integrated circuit chip tasked with generating composite video graphics and DRAM refresh signals in the Commodore 64 and C128 home computers. ... MOS Technology SIDs: The right image shows a 6581 from MOS Technology, at the time they were known as the Commodore Semiconductor Group (CSG) and the left image shows an 8580 from MOS Technology. ... Graph of μ-law & A-law algorithms The mu-law algorithm (μ-law) is a companding algorithm, primarily used in the digital telecommunication systems of North America and Japan. ... A digital multimeter A low cost digital multimeter An analog benchtop multimeter A multimeter or a multitester is an electronic measuring instrument that combines several functions in one unit. ... PRIMERGY MultiPath PRIMERGY MultiPath supports redundant Fiber Channel paths, the configured connections between server and subsystem that are such an important component of disaster-tolerant servers and clusters. ... In telecommunication, multipath is the propagation phenomenon that results in radio signals reaching the receiving antenna by two or more paths. ... In telecommunication, the term multiple access has the following meanings: The connection of a user to two or more switching centers by separate access lines using a single message routing indicator or telephone number. ... In telecommunication, the term multiple homing has the following meanings: 1. ... In telecommunication, the term multiplex baseband has the following meanings: 1. ... Schematic of a 2-to-1 Multiplexer. ... In telecommunications, multiplexing (also muxing or MUXing) is the combining of two or more information channels onto a common transmission medium using hardware called a multiplexer or (MUX). ... In digital design, a multiplier or multiplication ALU is a hardware circuit dedicated to multiplying two binary values. ... A multivibrator is an electronic circuit used to implement a variety of simple two-state systems such as oscillators, timers and flip-flops. ...

N

N connector - Nanotechnology - Nanowire - Narrative traffic - Narrowband - Narrowband modem - National Electrical Code (US) - natural frequency - Nature versus nurture - Neural network - Near-field region - Negative-acknowledge character - Negative resistance - Net gain - Netlist - Network administration - Network architecture - Network management - Neutral direct-current telegraph system - NI Multisim - Nickel metal hydride - Noise-cancelling headphone - Noise-equivalent power - Noise figure - Noise level - Noise power - Noise temperature - Noise weighting - Non-return-to-zero - Normalized frequency - NTSC - Nuclear magnetic resonance - null - Numbers station - Numerical aperture - Numerically controlled oscillator - Nyquist interval Type N connector (male) Type N connector (female) Picture to show the similarity between 50ohm and 75ohm N connectors The N connector (in full, Type N connector) is a threaded RF connector used to join coaxial cables. ... Nanotechnology refers broadly to a field of applied science and technology whose unifying theme is the control of matter on the atomic and molecular scale, normally 1 to 100 nanometres, and the fabrication of devices within that size range. ... A nanowire is a wire of dimensions of the order of a nanometer (10−9 meters). ... Narrative traffic is data traffic consisting of plain or encrypted messages written in a natural language and transmitted in accordance with standard formats and procedures. ... Narrowband (narrow bandwidth) refers to a signal which occupies only a small amount of space on the radio spectrum -- the opposite of broadband or wideband. ... In telecommunication, a narrowband modem is a modem whose modulated output signal has an essential frequency spectrum that is limited to that which can be wholly contained within, and faithfully transmitted through, a voice channel with a nominal 4 kHz bandwidth. ... The National Electric Code Handbook, 2005 edition The National Electrical Code (NEC), or NFPA 70, is a standard for the safe installation of electrical wiring and equipment. ... fdg--220. ... The nature versus nurture debates concern the relative importance of an individuals innate qualities (nature) versus personal experiences (nurture) in determining or causing individual differences in physical and behavioral traits. ... // Traditionally, the term neural network had been used to refer to a network or circuitry of biological neurons. ... In the study of diffraction and antenna design, the near field is that part of the radiated field that is within a small number of wavelengths of the diffracting edge or antenna. ... In telecommunications, a negative-acknowledge character (NAK) is a transmission control character sent by a station as a negative response to the station with which the connection has been set up. ... A VI curve with a negative differential resistance region Negative resistance or negative differential resistance (NDR) is a property of electrical circuit elements composed of certain materials in which, over certain voltage ranges, current is a decreasing function of voltage. ... In telecommunication, net gain is the overall gain of a transmission circuit. ... The word netlist can be used in several different domains, but perhaps the most popular is in the electronic design domain. ... A network administration is a group of network management functions that (a) provide support services, (b) ensure that the network is used efficiently, and (c) ensure prescribed service-quality objectives are met. ... In computing, network architecture is the design of a computer network. ... Network management refers to the maintenance and administration of large-scale computer networks and telecommunications networks at the top level. ... In telecommunication, a neutral direct-current telegraph system (single-current system, single-current transmission system, single-More system) is a telegraph system in which (a) current flows during marking intervals and no current flows during spacing intervals for the transmission of signals over a line, and (b) the direction of... NI Multisim, formerly known as MultiSIM, is an electronic schematic capture and simulation program which employs Berkeleys SPICE based software simulation. ... Modern, high capacity NiMH rechargeable batteries A nickel metal hydride (or NiMH) battery is a type of rechargeable battery similar to a nickel-cadmium (NiCad) battery but which does not contain expensive (and environmentally risky) cadmium. ... Noise-cancelling headphones reduce unwanted ambient sounds (i. ... Noise-equivalent power (NEP) is the radiant power that produces a signal-to-noise ratio of unity at the output of a given optical detector at a given data-signaling rate or modulation frequency, operating wavelength, and effective noise bandwidth. ... In telecommunication, noise figure (NF) is the ratio of the output noise power of a device to the portion thereof attributable to thermal noise in the input termination at standard noise temperature (usually 290 K). ... In telecommunication, noise level is the noise power, usually relative to a reference. ... In telecommunication, the term noise power has the following meanings: The measured total noise per bandwidth unit at the input or output of a device when the wanted signal is not present. ... Noise temperature: At a pair of terminals, the temperature of a passive system having an available noise power per unit bandwidth at a specified frequency equal to that of the actual terminals of a network. ... In telecommunication, a noise weighting is a specific amplitude-vs. ... Contrast with: return-to-zero. ... In telecommunication, the term normalized frequency ( V ) has several meanings; it may refer to the ratio between an actual frequency and a reference value, or to the ratio between an actual frequency and its nominal value. ... NTSC is the analog television system in use in Canada, Japan, Mexico, the Philippines, South Korea, Taiwan, the United States, and some other countries, mostly in the Americas (see map). ... NMR redirects here. ... Look up null in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Numbers stations are shortwave radio stations of uncertain origin. ... Numerical aperture is a technical term of multiple uses: Numerical aperture of optical telecommunication fiber Numerical aperture in microscopy This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... A numerically controlled oscillator or digitally controlled oscillator (DCO) is an electronic system for synthesizing a range of frequencies from a fixed timebase. ... In telecommunication, the Nyquist interval is the maximum time interval between equally spaced samples of a signal that will enable the signal waveform to be completely determined. ...

O

Off-hook - Off-line - Ohm - Ohm's law - Ohmmeter - Oliver Heaviside - Omnidirectional antenna - On-hook - On-line - One-way trunk - Open circuit - Open spectrum - Operational amplifier - orthomode transducer - Optical density - Optical fiber - Optical path length - Optical spectrum - Optoelectronic - Orthogonal frequency division modulation - Oscilloscope - Output - Out-of-band signaling - Outside plant - Overflow - Overhead information - Overmodulation - Override - Overshoot In telephony, the term off-hook has the following meanings: The condition that exists when a telephone or other user instrument is in use, , during dialing or communicating. ... In telecommunication, the term off-line has the following meanings: 1. ... The ohm (symbol: Ω) is the SI unit of electric resistance. ... A voltage source, V, drives an electric current, I , through resistor, R, the three quantities obeying Ohms law: V = IR Ohms law states that, in an electrical circuit, the current passing through a conductor between two points is proportional to the potential difference (i. ... An Ohmmeter is an electrical measuring instrument that measures electrical resistance, the opposition to the flow of an electric current. ... Oliver Heaviside (May 18, 1850 – February 3, 1925) was a self-taught English electrical engineer, mathematician, and physicist who adapted complex numbers to the study of electrical circuits, developed techniques for applying Laplace transforms to the solution of differential equations, reformulated Maxwells field equations in terms of electric and... An omnidirectional antenna is an antenna system which radiates power uniformly in one plane with a directive pattern shape in a perpendicular plane. ... In telecommunication, the term on-hook has the following meanings: 1. ... Online means being connected to the Internet or another similar electronic network, like a bulletin board system. ... In telecommunication, an one-way trunk is a trunk between two switching centers, over which traffic may be originated from one preassigned location only. ... Open circuit can mean:- In electronics, where there is nothing connected to a load and no current can flow. ... Open spectrum (also known as free spectrum) is a movement to get the government to provide more unlicensed spectrum, radio frequency spectrum that is available for use by all. ... A 741 operational amplifier in a TO-5 metal can package An operational amplifier, usually referred to as an op-amp for brevity, is a DC-coupled high-gain electronic voltage amplifier with Differential Inputs and, usually, a single output. ... OTM, Orthogonal-Mode Transducer VSAT Ku band Out-door Unit, includes Feed Horn, OMT, LNB & BUC Orthogonal Mode Transducer Portensigne France OMT Orthogonale-Mode Transduceur, Polarité Verticale et Horizontale Coté Parabole de lOMT Orthomode transducer also known as the polarisation diplexer is a device forming part of an antenna... Optical density is the absorbance of an optical element for a given wavelength λ per unit distance: Where: Although absorbance does not have true units, it is quite often reported in Absorbance Units or AU. Accordingly, optical density is measured in ODU, which are equivalent to AU cm−1. ... Optical fibers An optical fiber (or fibre) is a glass or plastic fiber designed to guide light along its length. ... In optics and telecommunication, the term optical path length has the following meanings: In a medium of constant refractive index, n , the product of the geometric distance and the refractive index. ... The visible spectrum is the portion of the optical spectrum (light or electromagnetic spectrum) that is visible to the human eye. ... Optoelectronics is the study and application of electronic devices that interact with light. ... Orthogonal frequency division modulation (OFDM, also called orthogonal frequency division multiplexing) is a technique for the modulation of digital information onto an analog carrier electromagnetic (e. ... Illustration showing the interior of a cathode-ray tube for use in an oscilloscope. ... Output is the term denoting either an exit or changes which exits a system and which activate/modify a process. ... In telecommunications, the term out-of-band signaling has the following meanings: 1. ... In telecommunication, the term outside plant has the following meanings: 1. ... Look up Overflow in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Overmodulation is the condition that prevails in telecommunication when the instantaneous level of the modulating signal exceeds the value necessary to produce 100% modulation of the carrier. ...

P

Packet switching - Packet-switching node - Paired disparity code - PAL - Par meter - Parabolic antenna - Parabolic microphone - Parallel transmission - parasitic element - Parity - Passband - Patch bay - Path loss - Path profile - Pauli exclusion principle - PBER - PCB layout guidelines - Peak envelope power - Peltier effect - Performance measurement period - periodic antenna - Periscope antenna - Permeability - Permittivity - Personal Locator Beacon - Phantom circuit - Phantom loop - Phase - Phase-locked loop - Phase-shift keying - Phase distortion - Phase jitter - Phase modulation - Phase noise - Phase perturbation - Phased array - Philberth-Transformer - Photodiode - Photoelectric effect - Photolithography - Photon - Physical layer - Pickup - Pin grid array - planar array - Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy - PID controller - Piezoelectricity - Pirate radio - Planar array - Planck's constant - Point-to-point construction - Polarization - Polyphase system - Portable people meter - Potential difference - Potential divider - Power - Power connector - Power supply - Polarential telegraph system - Polling - Preamplifier - Preemphasis - Preemphasis network - Preferred values - Preventive maintenance - Primary channel - Printed circuit board - Primary time standard - Principal clock - Processor register - Product detector - Programmable logic device - Propagation - propagation mode - Propagation path obstruction - Proration - PSK31 - Pseudorandom noise - Pseudorandom number sequence - Pulse - Pulse amplitude - Pulse duration - Pulsed inductive thruster - Pulse-address multiple access - Pulse-code modulation - Pulse-width modulation - Push-to-talk operation - Push-to-type operation - Pyroelectricity In computer networking and telecommunications, packet switching is a communications paradigm in which packets (messages or fragments of messages) are individually routed between nodes, with no previously established communication path. ... Packet-switching node: In a packet-switching network, a node that contains data switches and equipment for controlling, formatting, transmitting, routing, and receiving data packets. ... In telecommunication, a paired disparity code is a code in which some or all of the characters are represented by two sets of digits of opposite disparity that are used in sequence so as to minimize the total disparity of a longer sequence of digits. ... For other uses, see PAL (disambiguation). ... A peak-to-average ratio meter (Par meter) is a device used to measure the ratio of the peak power level to the time-averaged power level in a circuit. ... The Parabolic antenna is a high-gain, reflector antenna used for radio, television and data communications, and also for radiolocation (RADAR), on the UHF and SHF frequencies. ... A parabolic microphone uses a parabolic reflector to collect and focus sound waves onto a microphone receiver, in much the same way that a parabolic antenna (e. ... In telecommunication, parallel transmission is: The simultaneous transmission of the signal elements of a character or other data item. ... A passive radiator or parasitic element is a radio antenna element which does not have any wired input. ... Look up Parity in Wiktionary, the free dictionary Parity is a concept of equality of status or functional equivalence. ... In telecommunications, passband is the portion of spectrum, between limiting frequencies (or, in the optical regime, limiting wavelengths), that is transmitted with minimum relative loss or maximum relative gain. ... Connections on a Patch Bay A patch bay is an assembly of hardware so arranged that a number of circuits, usually of the same or similar type, appear on jacks for monitoring, interconnecting, and testing circuits in a convenient, flexible manner. ... Path loss: In a communication system, the attenuation undergone by an electromagnetic wave in transit between a transmitter and a receiver. ... In telecommunication, a path profile is a graphic representation of the physical features of a propagation path in the vertical plane containing both endpoints of the path, showing the surface of the Earth and including trees, buildings, and other features that may obstruct the radio signal. ... The Pauli exclusion principle is a quantum mechanical principle formulated by Wolfgang Pauli in 1925. ... PBER is an Abbreviation for pseudo bit error ratio. ... Peak envelope power is the average power supplied to the antenna transmission line by a transmitter during one radio frequency cycle at the crest of the modulation envelope, under normal operating conditions. ... The Peltier-Seebeck effect, or thermoelectric effect, is the direct conversion of heat differentials to electric voltage and vice versa. ... In telecommunication, performance measurement period is the period during which performance parameters are measured. ... In telecommunication, a periscope antenna is an antenna configuration in which the transmitting antenna is oriented to produce a vertical radiation pattern, and a flat or off-axis parabolic reflector, mounted above the transmitting antenna, is used to direct the beam in a horizontal path toward the receiving antenna. ... Permeability has several meanings: In electromagnetism, permeability is the degree of magnetisation of a material in response to a magnetic field. ... Permittivity is a physical quantity that describes how an electric field affects and is affected by a dielectric medium and is determined by the ability of a material to polarize in response to an applied electric field, and thereby to cancel, partially, the field inside the material. ... Emergency position-indicating rescue beacons (EPIRB) are small radio transmitters that some satellites and search and rescue aircraft can use locate people or boats needing rescue. ... In telecommunication and electrical engineering, a phantom circuit is a circuit derived from suitably arranged wires with one or more conductive paths being a circuit in itself and at the same time acting as one conductor of another circuit. ... A phantom loop is an electrical network that uses part of the natural environment to complete a circuit. ... This article is about a portion of a periodic process. ... A phase-lock, or phase-locked, loop (PLL) is an electronic control system that generates a signal that is locked to the phase of an input or reference signal. ... Phase-shift keying (PSK) is a digital modulation scheme that conveys data by changing, or modulating, the phase of a reference signal (the carrier wave). ... Phase distortion: Distortion that occurs when (a) the phase-frequency characteristic is not linear over the frequency range of interest, , the phase shift introduced by a circuit or device is not directly proportional to frequency, or (b) the zero-frequency intercept of the phase-frequency characteristic is not 0 or... Phase jitter is a rapid, repeated phase perturbation resulting in the intermittent shortening or lengthening of an electronic signal. ... Phase modulation (PM) is a form of modulation which represents information as variations in the instantaneous phase of a carrier wave. ... In an oscillator, phase noise is rapid, short-term, random fluctuations in the phase of a wave, caused by time domain instabilities. ... Phase perturbation is the shifting, from whatever cause, in the phase of an electronic signal. ... For the ultrasonic and medical imaging application, see phased array ultrasonics. ... Photodiode closeup A photodiode A photodiode is a semiconductor diode that functions as a photodetector. ... A diagram illustrating the emission of electrons from a metal plate, requiring energy gained from an incoming photon to be more than the work function of the material. ... Photolithography is a process used in semiconductor device fabrication to transfer a pattern from a photomask (also called reticle) to the surface of a substrate. ... In modern physics the photon is the elementary particle responsible for electromagnetic phenomena. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Three magnetic pickups on an electric guitar. ... Package Diagram for 168-Pin PGA Embedded IntelDX2™ Processor The pin grid array or PGA is a type of packaging used for integrated circuits, particularly microprocessors. ... In telecommunication, a planar array is an antenna in which all of the elements, both active and parasitic, are in one plane. ... The Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy (PDH) is a technology used in telecommunications networks to transport large quantities of data over digital transport equipment such as fibre optic and microwave radio systems. ... This article or section is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ... Piezoelectricity is the ability of some materials (notably crystals and certain ceramics) to generate an electric potential[1] in response to applied mechanical stress. ... The term Pirate Radio usually refers to illegal or unregulated radio transmission. ... In telecommunication, a planar array is an antenna in which all of the elements, both active and parasitic, are in one plane. ... A commemoration plaque for Max Planck on his discovery of Plancks constant, in front of Humboldt University, Berlin. ... Point-to-point construction is the way most electronics were constructed before the 1950s. ... In electrodynamics, polarization (also spelled polarisation) is the property of electromagnetic waves, such as light, that describes the direction of their transverse electric field. ... A polyphase system is a means of distributing alternating current electrical power. ... The Portable People Meter (sometimes mistakenly Personal People Meter) or PPM, is a device developed by Arbitron (and now jointly with Nielsen) to measure how many people are listening (or at least exposed) to individual radio stations and television stations, including cable TV. The PPM is worn like a pager... Potential difference is a quantity in physics related to the amount of energy that would be required to move an object from one place to another against various types of force. ... In electronics, a voltage divider or resistor divider is a design technique used to create a voltage (Vout) which is proportional to another voltage (Vin). ... In physics, power (symbol: P) is the rate at which work is performed or energy is transferred. ... A power connector is an electrical connector designed to carry a significant amount of electrical power, usually as DC or low-frequency AC. Some types of RF connector may also carry large amounts of power, but are considered as a separate category. ... A wall wart style variable DC power supply with its cover removed. ... A polarential telegraph system is a direct-current telegraph system employing polar transmission in one direction and a form of differential duplex transmission in the other. ... In politics, polling is the surveying of public opinion on an issue. ... An example of a typical high-end stereo preamplifier. ... In processing electronic audio signals preemphasis refers to a system process designed to increase, within a band of frequencies, the magnitude of some (usually higher) frequencies with respect to the magnitude of other (usually lower) frequencies in order to improve the overall signal-to-noise ratio by minimizing the adverse... In telecommunication, a preemphasis network is a network inserted in a system in order to increase the magnitude of one range of frequencies with respect to another. ... The E12 values follow a geometric series In electronics, certain types of passive components such as resistors, capacitors and inductors are manufactured with a standardised range of values called preferred values. ... Preventive maintenance (PM) has the following meanings: The care and servicing by personnel for the purpose of maintaining equipment and facilities in satisfactory operating condition by providing for systematic inspection, detection, and correction of incipient failures either before they occur or before they develop into major defects. ... In telecommunication, the term primary channel has the following meanings: 1. ... Part of a 1983 Sinclair ZX Spectrum computer board. ... In telecommunication, a primary time standard is a time standard that does not require calibration against another time standard. ... Principal clock: Of a set of redundant clocks, the clock that is selected for normal use. ... In computer architecture, a processor register is a small amount of very fast computer memory used to speed the execution of computer programs by providing quick access to frequently used values—typically, these values are involved in multiple expression evaluations occurring within a small region on the program. ... A product detector is a type of demodulator used for AM and SSB signals. ... A programmable logic device or PLD is an electronic component used to build digital circuits. ... Look up propagation in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... A propagation mode is a way in which a radio signal is propagated from the transmitter to the receiver. ... In telecommunication, a propagation path obstruction is a man-made or natural physical feature that lies near enough to a radio path to cause a measurable effect on path loss, exclusive of reflection effects. ... PSK31 or Phase Shift Keying, 31 Baud is a digital radio modulation mode, used primarily in the amateur radio field. ... Pseudorandom noise (PRN) is a signal similar to noise which satisfies one or more of the standard tests for statistical randomness. ... A Pseudorandom number sequence is a sequence of numbers that has been computed by some defined arithmetic process but is effectively a random number sequence for the purpose for which it is required. ... ËŒ For other uses, see Pulse (disambiguation). ... In telecommunication, pulse amplitude is the magnitude of a pulse parameter, such as the field intensity, voltage level, current level, or power level. ... In signal processing and telecommunication, the term pulse duration has the following meanings: Pulse duration using 50% peak amplitude. ... Pulsed inductive thrusters or PITs as they are commonly abbreviated are a form of spacecraft propulsion that uses perpendicular electric and magnetic fields to accelerate a propellant. ... In telecommunication, pulse-address multiple access (PAMA) is the ability of a communication satellite to receive signals from several Earth terminals simultaneously and to amplify, translate, and relay the signals back to Earth, based on the addressing of each station by an assignment of a unique combination of time and... Pulse-code modulation (PCM) is a digital representation of an analog signal where the magnitude of the signal is sampled regularly at uniform intervals, then quantized to a series of symbols in a digital (usually binary) code. ... An example of PWM: the supply voltage (blue) modulated as a series of pulses results in a sine-like flux density waveform (red) in a magnetic circuit of electromagnetic actuator. ... Push-to-talk operation (PTT): In telephone or two-way radio systems, that method of communication over a speech circuit in which the talker is required to keep a switch operated while talking. ... Push-to-type operation: In telegraph or data transmission systems, that method of communication in which the operator at a station must keep a switch operated in order to send messages. ... Pyroelectricity is the ability of certain materials to generate an electrical potential when they are heated or cooled. ...

Q

Q code - Q-switching - QRP operation - Quadrature - Quadrature amplitude modulation - Quality assurance - Quality control - Quantum harmonic oscillator - Quartz clock - Quasi-analog signal - Queuing delay The Q code is a standardized collection of three-letter message encodings, all starting with the letter Q, initially developed for commercial radiotelegraph communication, and later adopted by other radio services, especially amateur radio. ... Q-switching, sometimes known as giant pulse formation, is a technique discovered circa 1962 by R.W. Hellwarth and F.J. McClung using electrically switched Kerr cell shutters and is a technique by which a laser can be made to produce a pulsed output beam. ... In amateur radio, QRP operation means transmitting at reduced power levels. ... Look up quadrature in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... “QAM” redirects here. ... Quality assurance (QA) is the activity of providing evidence needed to establish confidence among all concerned, that quality-related activities are being performed effectively. ... For the Jurassic 5 album, see Quality Control (album) In engineering and manufacturing, quality control and quality engineering are involved in developing systems to ensure products or services are designed and produced to meet or exceed customer requirements. ... The quantum harmonic oscillator is the quantum mechanical analogue of the classical harmonic oscillator. ... A quartz clock A quartz clock is a timepiece that uses an electronic oscillator which is made up by a quartz crystal to keep precise time. ... In telecommunication, a quasi-analog signal is a digital signal that has been converted to a form suitable for transmission over a specified analog channel. ... In telecommunication, the term queuing delay has the following meanings: 1. ...

R

Race hazard - Radar - Radiation angle - Radiation mode - Radiation pattern - radiation resistance - Radiator - Radio - radio beam - Radio clock - Radio electronics - Radio frequency - Radio frequency induction - Radio horizon - radio horizon range - Radio propagation - Radio Row, Manhattan - radio range - Radio station - RadioShack - Radiotelephone - Radioteletype - Radix-64 - Railgun - Random access memory - Randomizer - Ray transfer matrix analysis - RC - RC circuit - RCA - RCA jack - Reactance - Receive-after-transmit time delay - Received noise power - Receiver - Receiver attack-time delay - Reception - Reconnaissance satellite - Record medium - reference antenna - Reference circuit - Reference clock - Reference noise - Reference surface - Reflection coefficient - Reflection loss - Reflective array antenna - Refractive index contrast - Register transfer level - Regenerative circuit - Release time - Relative transmission level - Relational model - Relaxation oscillator - Relay - Remote operations service element protocol - Remote sensing - Repair and maintenance - Repeater - Repeating coil - Reproduction speed - Reradiation - Resistor - Resistor color code - Resonance - Response time - Response - Responsivity - Return loss - RF connector - RF modulator - RF probe - RF shielding - RFID - RF power margin - RGB color space - rhombic antenna - Ring current - Ring latency - Ring modulation - Ringback signal - Ringdown - RJ45 - RL circuit - RLC circuit - Robot - Rogowski coil - Root mean square - Routing indicator - RS-232 - RX - Rydberg formula To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... For other uses, see Radar (disambiguation). ... Radiation angle: In fiber optics, half the vertex angle of the cone of light emitted at the exit face of an optical fiber. ... For an optical fiber, Radiation mode, or unbound mode, is an unbound mode. ... In telecommunication, the term radiation pattern has the following meanings: 1. ... Radiation resistance is that part of an antennas feedpoint resistance that is caused by the radiation of electromagnetic waves from the antenna. ... Radiators and convectors are types of heat exchangers designed to transfer thermal energy from one medium to another for the purpose of cooling and heating. ... A radio clock A radio clock is a clock that is synchronized by a time code bit stream transmitted by a radio transmitter connected to a time standard such as an atomic clock. ... Radio electronics is the sub-field of electrical engineering concerning itself with the class of electronic circuits which receive or transmit radio signals. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Radio waves. ... Radio frequency induction or RF induction is an electrical phenomenon in which an electromagnetic wave passing through a conductor causes electric current to flow through it. ... In telecommunication, radio horizon is the locus of points at which direct rays from an antenna are tangential to the surface of the Earth. ... Radio propagation is a term used to explain how radio waves behave when they are transmitted, or are propagated from one point on the Earth to another. ... A Radio Row is an urban street or district specializing in the sale of radio and electronic equipment and parts. ... Radio navigation or radionavigation is the application of radio frequencies to determining a position on the Earth. ... A radio station is an audio (sound) broadcasting service, traditionally broadcast through the air as radio waves (a form of electromagnetic radiation) from a transmitter to an antenna and a thus to a receiving device. ... The exterior of a typical free-standing RadioShack store. ... Look up radiophone, radiotelephone in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... RadioTeleType (RTTY) is a telecommunications system consisting of two teleprinters linked by a radio link. ... Radix-64 is a data encoding scheme that consists of base64-encoded data with a 24-bit CRC appended to it, and is specified in RFC 2440. ... A railgun is a form of gun that converts electrical energy (rather than the more conventional chemical energy from an explosive propellant) into projectile kinetic energy. ... RAM redirects here. ... Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Ray transfer matrix analysis (also known as ABCD matrix analysis) is a type of ray tracing technique used in the design of some optical systems, particularly lasers. ... The correct title of this article is . ... resistor-capacitor circuit (RC circuit), or RC filter or RC network, is one of the simplest analogue electronic filters. ... RCA, formerly an acronym for the Radio Corporation of America, is now a trademark owned by Thomson SA through RCA Trademark Management S.A., a company owned by Thomson. ... A panel of four RCA jacks, and three RCA (cinch; phono) plugs of various quality RCA jack in PlayStation 2 An RCA jack, also referred to as a phono connector or CINCH/AV connector, is a type of electrical connector which is commonly used in the audio/video market. ... It has been suggested that Electric reactance be merged into this article or section. ... In telecommunication, receive-after-transmit time delay is the time interval between (a) the instant of keying off the local transmitter to stop transmitting and (b) the instant the local receiver output has increased to 90% of its steady-state value in response to an rf signal from a distant... In telecommunication, the term received noise power has the following meanings: 1. ... In radio terminology, a receiver is an electronic circuit that receives a radio signal from an antenna and decodes the signal for use as sound, pictures, navigational-position information, etc. ... In telecommunication, receiver attack-time delay is the time interval from (a) the instant a step rf signal, at a level equal to the receiver threshold of sensitivity, is applied to the receiver input to (b) the instant the receiver output amplitude reaches 90% of its steady-state value. ... Look up reception in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... A spy satellite (officially referred to as a reconnaissance satellite or recon sat) is an Earth observation satellite or communications satellite deployed for military or intelligence applications. ... In telecommunication, the term record medium has the following meanings: The physical medium on which information is stored in recoverable form. ... A reference antenna is an antenna with known properties. ... In telecommunication, a reference circuit is a hypothetical circuit of specified equivalent length and configuration, and having a defined transmission characteristic or characteristics, used primarily as a reference for measuring the performance of other, real, circuits or as a guide for planning and engineering of circuits and networks. ... In telecommunication, the term reference clock has the following meanings: 1. ... In telecommunication, reference noise is the magnitude of circuit noise chosen as a reference for measurement. ... Reference surface: In optical-fiber technology, that surface of an optical fiber that is used to contact the transverse-alignment elements of a component such as a connector or mechanical splice. ... The reflection coefficient is used in physics and electrical engineering when wave propagation in a medium containing discontinuities is considered. ... In telecommunications, reflection loss is one of: At a discontinuity or impedance mismatch, in a transmission line, the ratio of the incident power to the reflected power. ... In telecommunication, a reflective array antenna is an antenna, such as a billboard antenna, in which the driven elements are situated at a predetermined distance from a surface designed to reflect the signal in a desired direction. ... Refractive index contrast, in an optical fiber, is a measure of the relative difference in refractive index of the core and cladding. ... In integrated circuit design, Register Transfer Level (RTL) description is a way of describing the operation of a synchronous digital circuit. ... The regenerative circuit (or self-regenerative circuit) allows a signal to be amplified many times by the same vacuum tube or other active component such as a field effect transistor. ... In telecommunication, the term release time has the following meanings: 1. ... In telecommunication, relative transmission level is the ratio of the signal power, at a given point in a transmission system, to a reference signal power. ... The relational model for database management is a database model based on predicate logic and set theory. ... A relaxation oscillator is an oscillator in which a capacitor is charged gradually and then discharged rapidly. ... Automotive style miniature relay A relay is an electrical switch that opens and closes under the control of another electrical circuit. ... In the OSI Model, the remote operations service element protocol (ROSE) is an application layer protocol that (a) provides remote operation capabilities, (b) allows interaction between entities in a distributed application, and (c) upon receiving a remote operations service request, allows the receiving entity to attempt the operation and report... For the purported psychic ability to sense remotely, see Remote viewing right Synthetic aperture radar image of Death Valley colored using polarimetry In the broadest sense, remote sensing is the short or large-scale acquisition of information of an object or phenomenon, by the use of either recording or real... Repair and Maintenance is fixing any sort of mechanical or electrical device should it get out of order or broken (repair) as well as performing the routine actions which keep the device in working order (maintenance) or prevent trouble from arising (preventive maintenance). ... For other uses, see Repeater (disambiguation). ... In telecommunication, a repeating coil is a voice-frequency transformer characterized by a closed core, a pair of identical balanced primary (line) windings, a pair of identical but not necessarily balanced secondary (drop) windings, and low transmission loss at voice frequencies. ... In telecommunication, the term reproduction speed has the following meanings: 1. ... In telecommunication, the term reradiation has the following meanings: 1. ... Resistor symbols (non-European) Resistor symbols (Europe, IEC) Axial-lead resistors on tape. ... Electronic color codes are used to indicate the values or ratings of electronic components, near-universally for resistors, but also for capacitors, inductors, and others. ... This article is about resonance in physics. ... In telecommunication, response time is the time a system or functional unit takes to react to a given input. ... A response is the following: Often a response is the result of a stimulus. ... Responsivity: In a photodetector, the ratio of the electrical output to the optical input. ... In telecommunication, return loss is the ratio, at the junction of a transmission line and a terminating impedance or other discontinuity, of the amplitude of the reflected wave to the amplitude of the incident wave. ... An RF connector is an electrical connector designed to work at radio frequencies in the multi-megahertz range. ... An RF modulator (for radio frequency modulator) is a device that takes a baseband input signal and outputs a radio frequency-modulated signal. ... An RF probe is a simple test circuit to detect radio frequency oscillation in a circuit. ... RF shielding is the protection of sensitive electrical equipment from external radiofrequency (RF) electromagnetic radiation by enclosing it in a conducting material. ... An EPC RFID tag used for Wal-Mart Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) is an automatic identification method, relying on storing and remotely retrieving data using devices called RFID tags or transponders. ... In telecommunication, the term RF power margin has the following meanings: 1. ... An RGB color space is any additive color space based on the RGB color model. ... A rhombic antenna is a broadband directional antenna, mostly used in HF (high frequency, also called shortwave) ranges. ... A ring current is an electric current carried by charged particles trapped in a planets magnetosphere. ... In a ring network, such as a Token ring network, the ring latency is the time required for a signal to propagate once around the ring. ... Ring modulation is an audio effect performed by multiplying two audio signals, where one is typically a sine-wave or another simple waveform. ... In telephony, a ringback signal, usually consisting of an audio tone interrupted at a slow rate, provided to a caller to indicate that the called-party instrument is receiving a ringing signal. ... Ringdown: In telephony, a method of signaling an operator in which telephone ringing current is sent over the line to operate a lamp or cause the operation of a self-locking relay known as a drop. ... Cat5 cables with RJ45 connectors, wired to EIA/TIA-568B An RJ45 connector that has yet to be crimped onto a cable RJ45 (Registered Jack 45) is a physical interface often used for terminating twisted pair type cables. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... An RLC circuit (also known as a resonant circuit or a tuned circuit) is an electrical circuit consisting of a resistor (R), an inductor (L), and a capacitor (C), connected in series or in parallel. ... For other uses, see robot (disambiguation). ... The Rogowski coil is an electrical device for measuring alternating current (AC). ... In mathematics, the root mean square or rms is a statistical measure of the magnitude of a varying quantity. ... In telecommunication, the term routing indicator (RI) has the following meanings: 1. ... RS-232 (also referred to as EIA RS-232C or V.24) is a standard for serial binary data interchange between a DTE (Data terminal equipment) and a DCE (Data communication equipment). ... Look up Rx in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... The Rydberg formula (Rydberg-Ritz formula) is used in atomic physics for determining the full spectrum of light emission from hydrogen, later extended to be useful with any element by use of the Rydberg-Ritz combination principle. ...

S

S/PDIF - S-Video - Sacrificial anode - Sampling frequency - Scalar field - Scanner - Scanning electron microscope - SCART - Schema - Schematic - Schumann resonance - Scrambler - Screen - Second audio program - Security management - Self-clocking signal - Self-synchronizing code - Sensor Networks - SECAM - Semiautomatic switching system - Semiconductor - Semiconductor device - Semiconductor device fabrication - Sensitivity - Separate channel signaling - Serial access - Serial ATA - Serial Peripheral Interface Bus - Serial transmission - Series and parallel circuits - Shadow loss - Shannon limit - Shannon's theorem - Short circuit - Shortwave - Shot noise - Shrinking generator - side lobe - Sideband - Sidereal time - Siemens - Signal (information theory) - Signal compression - Signal processing - Signal processing gain - Signal reflection - Signal transition - single-polarized antenna - Signal-to-noise ratio - Signal-to-crosstalk ratio - Signature block - Significant condition - Silicon - Silicon bandgap temperature sensor - Simplex circuit - Simplex signaling - Single-frequency signaling - Single-sideband modulation - Sinc filter - Single frequency networks - Single phase electric power - Skew - Skin effect - skip zone - Skywave - Slant range - slewing - slot antenna - Slow-scan television - Software-defined radio - Solar cell - Soldering - Solenoid - Sound card - space diversity - Specific detectivity - Space tether - Spark gap - Specification - Speckle pattern - Spectral width - Spectrum - Spectrum analyzer - Speed of light - Speed of service - SPICE - spillover - Spill-forward feature - Spin glass - spot beam - Spread spectrum - Spurious emission - Squelch - Standard telegraph level - Standard test signal - Standard test tone - Standing wave - Standing wave ratio - Starpath Supercharger - Start signal - Start-stop transmission - Static electricity - Steady-state condition - Step-index profile - Stop signal - Stopband - Store-and-forward switching center - Stressed environment - Strobe light - Stroke speed - Subcarrier - Subtractive synthesis - Sudden ionospheric disturbance - Supercomputer - Superconductivity - Superheterodyne receiver - Superparamagnetism - Supervisory program - Suppressed carrier transmission - Surface wave - Surface-mount technology - Surveillance device - Survivability - Switch - Switched-mode power supply - Synchronism - Synchronization - Synchronizing - Synchronous network - Synchronous optical networking - Synthesizer - System integrity - Systems control TOSLINK connector (JIS F05) 75 ohm coaxial cable with BNC-to-RCA adapter. ... S-Video (also known as Y/C) is a baseband analog video format offering a higher quality signal than composite video, but a lower quality than RGB and component video. ... A sacrificial anode, or sacrificial rod, is a metallic anode used in an electrochemical process where it is intended to be dissolved to protect other metallic components. ... The sampling frequency or sampling rate defines the number of samples per second taken from a continuous signal to make a discrete signal. ... In mathematics and physics, a scalar field associates a scalar to every point in space. ... Look up scanner in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... SEM Cambridge S150 at Geological Institute, University Kiel, 1980 SEM opened sample chamber The scanning electron microscope (SEM) is a type of electron microscope capable of producing high-resolution images of a sample surface. ... This article or section is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ... The word schema comes from the Greek word σχήμα (skhēma) that means shape or more generally plan. ... A schematic of the Washington Metro. ... The Schumann resonance is a set of spectrum peaks in the extremely low frequency (ELF) portion of the Earths electromagnetic field spectrum. ... In telecommunications, a scrambler is a device that transposes or inverts signals or otherwise encodes a message at the transmitter to make the message unintelligible at a receiver not equipped with an appropriately set descrambling device. ... The term screen has a number of meanings: A window screen is a wire mesh that covers a window opening to keep out insects even when the window is open. ... Second[ary] audio program[ming] (SAP) is an auxiliary audio channel for television that can be broadcast or transmitted both over the air and by cable TV. It is often used for an alternate language (hence giving the facetious Spanish audio program expansion to the acronym), or for the Descriptive... for test Security management: In network management, the set of functions (a) that protects telecommunications networks and systems from unauthorized access by persons, acts, or influences and (b) that includes many subfunctions, such as creating, deleting, and controlling security services and mechanisms; distributing security-relevant information; reporting security-relevant events... In telecommunications and electronics, a self-clocking signal is one that can be decoded without need for a separate clock signal or other source of synchronization. ... In telecommunications, a self-synchronizing code is a line code in which the symbol stream formed by a portion of one code word, or by the overlapped portion of any two adjacent code words, is not a valid code word. ... A sensor network consist of many spatially distributed sensors, which are used to monitor or detect phenomena at different locations such as temperature changes, pollutant levels, etc. ... SECAM, also written SÉCAM (Séquentiel couleur à mémoire, French for Sequential Color with Memory), is an analog color television system first used in France. ... In telecommunication, the term semiautomatic switching system has the following meanings: 1. ... A semiconductor is a solid whose electrical conductivity is in between that of a conductor and that of an insulator, and can be controlled over a wide range, either permanently or dynamically. ... Semiconductor devices are electronic components that exploit the electronic properties of semiconductor materials, principally silicon, germanium, and gallium arsenide. ... Nasas Glenn Research Center clean room. ... The sensitivity of an electronic device, a communications system receiver, or detection device, PIN diode, is the minimum magnitude of input signal required to produce a specified output signal having a specified signal-to-noise ratio, or other specified criteria. ... Separate channel signaling: Signaling in which the whole or a part of one or more channels in a multichannel system is used to provide for supervisory and control signals for the message traffic channels. ... In telecommunication, the term serial access has the following meanings: 1. ... SATA redirects here. ... The Serial Peripheral Interface Bus or SPI (often pronounced es-pÄ“-Ä« or spy) bus is a synchronous serial data link standard named by Motorola that operates in full duplex mode. ... In telecommunication, serial transmission is the sequential transmission of the signal elements of a group representing a character or other entity of data. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... In telecommunication, the term shadow loss has the following meanings: The attenuation caused to a radio signal by obstructions in the propagation path. ... In information theory, the Shannon-Hartley theorem states the maximum amount of error-free digital data (that is, information) that can be transmitted over a communication link with a specified bandwidth in the presence of noise interference. ... In information theory, the Shannon-Hartley theorem states the maximum amount of error-free digital data (that is, information) that can be transmitted over a communication link with a specified bandwidth in the presence of noise interference. ... For alternate meanings see Short circuit (disambiguation) A short circuit (sometimes known as simply a short) is a fault whereby electricity moves through a circuit in an unintended path, usually due to a connection forming where none was expected. ... A solid-state, analog shortwave receiver Shortwave radio operates between the frequencies of 3 MHz (3,000 kHz) and 30 MHz (30,000 kHz) [1] and came to be referred to as such in the early days of radio because the wavelengths associated with this frequency range were shorter than... Photon noise simulation. ... In cryptography, the shrinking generator is a form of pseudorandom number generator intended to be used in a stream cipher. ... In antenna engineering, the parts of the radiation pattern that are not the main lobe. ... In radio communications, a sideband is a band of frequencies higher than or lower than the carrier frequency, containing energy as a result of the modulation process. ... Sidereal time is time measured by the apparent diurnal motion of the vernal equinox, which is very close to, but not identical with, the motion of stars. ... The siemens (symbol: S) is the SI derived unit of electric conductance. ... In information theory, a signal is the sequence of states of a communications channel that encodes a message. ... This should probably be merged with Audio level compression or Companding In telecommunication, the term signal compression has the following meanings: In analog (usually audio) systems, reduction of the dynamic range of a signal by controlling it as a function of the inverse relationship of its instantaneous value relative to... Signal processing is the processing, amplification and interpretation of signals, and deals with the analysis and manipulation of signals. ... In telecommunication, the term signal processing gain has the following meanings: 1. ... When a signal is transmitted along a transmission medium, such as a copper cable or an optical fibre, there is the possibility that some of the signal power is reflected back to its origin, rather than being carried all the way along the cable to the far end. ... Signal transition: In the modulation of a carrier, a change from one significant condition to another. ... Signal-to-noise ratio (often abbreviated SNR or S/N) is an electrical engineering concept defined as the ratio of a signal power to the noise power corrupting the signal. ... Signal-to-crosstalk ratio: At a specified point in a circuit, the ratio of the power of the wanted signal to the power of the unwanted signal from another channel. ... A signature block (often abbreviated as signature, sig block, sig file, or just sig) is a block of text automatically appended at the bottom of an e-mail message, Usenet article, or forum post. ... In telecommunication, in the modulation of a carrier, a significant condition is one of the values of the signal parameter chosen to represent information. ... Not to be confused with Silicone. ... The silicon bandgap temperature sensor is an okay common form of body temperature (thermometer) used in electronic robot. ... In telecommunication, the term simplex circuit has the following meanings: 1. ... Simplex signaling (SX): Signaling in which two conductors are used for a single channel, and a center-tapped coil, or its equivalent, is used to split the signaling current equally between the two conductors. ... Single-frequency signaling (SF) is signaling (in telephony) in which dial pulses or supervisory signals are conveyed by a single voice-frequency tone in each direction. ... Single-sideband modulation (SSB) is a refinement of the technique of amplitude modulation designed to be more efficient in its use of electrical power and bandwidth. ... In signal processing, a sinc filter is an idealized filter that removes all frequency components above a given bandwidth and leaves the low frequencies alone. ... Single frequency networks (SFNs) are a form of broadcasting network, usually digital, in which all the national radio stations are broadcast on a single frequency. ... The generation of AC electric power is commonly three phase, in which the waveforms of three supply conductors are offset from one another by 120°. These three conductors are commonly housed in a single conduit (e. ... In telecommunication, the term skew has the following meanings: 1. ... The skin effect is the tendency of an alternating electric current (AC) to distribute itself within a conductor so that the current density near the surface of the conductor is greater than that at its core. ... When using medium to high frequency radio telecommunication, there are radio waves which travel both parallel to the ground, and towards the ionosphere, referred to as a ground wave and sky wave, respectively. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Ionosphere. ... In telecommunication, slant range is the line-of-sight distance between two points, not at the same level relative to a specific datum. ... To turn something around an axis usually the z axis eg a radar scanning 360 degrees by slewing around the z axis. ... Wikipedia does not yet have an article with this exact name. ... SSTV transmissions often include station call signs, RST reception reports, and radio amateur jargon. ... A software-defined radio (SDR) system is a radio communication system which can tune to any frequency band and receive any modulation across a large frequency spectrum by means of programmable hardware which is controlled by software. ... A solar cell, made from a monocrystalline silicon wafer A solar cell or photovoltaic cell is a device that converts light energy into electrical energy. ... (De)soldering a contact from a wire. ... For other uses, see Solenoid (disambiguation). ... A sound card (also known as an audio card) is a computer expansion card that can input and output sound under control of computer programs. ... In telecommunications, a diversity scheme refers to a method for improving the reliability of a message signal by utilizing two or more communication channels with different characteristics. ... Specific detectivity: For a photodetector, a figure of merit used to characterize performance, equal to the reciprocal of noise equivalent power (NEP ), normalized to unit area and unit bandwidth. ... Artists conception of satellite with a tether Tether propulsion uses long, strong strings (known as Tethers) to change the orbits of spacecraft. ... A spark plug. ... Specification may refer to several different concepts: Specification (standards) refers to specific standards Specificatio - a legal concept Specification (regression) refers to the practice of translating theory into a regression model Category: ... In optical systems, a speckle pattern is a field-intensity pattern produced by the mutual interference of partially coherent beams that are subject to minute temporal and spatial fluctuations. ... In telecommunication, spectral width is the wavelength interval over which the magnitude of all spectral components is equal to or greater than a specified fraction of the magnitude of the component having the maximum value. ... The word spectrum (plural, spectra) has many uses: // Common nouns The Spectrum article explains why so many things are called by this name The spectrum of activity of a drug The political spectrum of opinion The economic spectrum The bipolar spectrum, in psychology The autistic spectrum, in psychology In the... A spectrum analyzer is a device used to examine the spectral composition of some electrical, acoustic, or optical waveform. ... The speed of light in vacuum is an important physical constant denoted by the letter c for constant or the Latin word celeritas meaning swiftness.[1] It is the speed of all electromagnetic radiation, including visible light, in a vacuum. ... In telecommunication, the term speed of service has the following meanings: 1. ... For other uses, see Spice (disambiguation). ... ROB ENGLISH born 29th december 1986 possibly the most successful person in the world long term partner miss jo mcdougall the most beautiful girl in the world on 1st january 1987 mr rob english set off on his first journey to outta space on 31st march 1987 mr rob found... A spin glass is a disordered material exhibiting high magnetic frustration. ... A spot beam, in telecommunications parlance, is a satellite signal that is specially concentrated in power so that it will only cover a limited geographic area. ... Spread-spectrum telecommunications is a technique in which a signal is transmitted in a bandwidth considerably greater than the frequency content of the original information. ... A spurious emission is any radio frequency not deliberately created or transmitted, especially in a device which normally does create other frequencies. ... In telecommunications, squelch is a circuit function that acts to suppress the audio (or video) output of a receiver in the absence of a sufficiently strong desired input signal. ... In telecommunication, standard telegraph level ( STL ) is the power per individual telegraph channel required to yield the standard composite data level. ... In telecommunication, a standard test signal is a single-frequency signal with standardized level used for testing the peak power transmission capability and for measuring the total harmonic distortion of circuits or parts of a circuit. ... In telecommunication, a standard test tone is a single-frequency signal with a standardized level generally used for level alignment of single links and of links in tandem. ... Vibration and standing waves in a string, The fundamental and the first 6 overtones A standing wave, also known as a stationary wave, is a wave that remains in a constant position. ... In telecommunications, standing wave ratio (SWR) is the ratio of the amplitude of a partial standing wave at an antinode (maximum) to the amplitude at an adjacent node (minimum). ... Starpath Supercharger The Starpath Supercharger was an add-on module created by Starpath to expand the game capabilities of the Atari 2600 video game console. ... In telecommunication, the term start signal has the following meanings: 1. ... In telecommunication, the term start-stop transmission has the following meanings: Asynchronous transmission Asynchronous transmission in which a start pulse and a stop pulse are used for each symbol. ... Static electricity is a class of phenomena involving the net charge present on an object; typically referring to charged object with voltages of sufficient magnitude to produce visible attraction, repulsion, and sparks. ... In telecommunication, the term steady-state condition has the following meanings: In a communications circuit, a condition in which some specified characteristic of a condition, such as a value, rate, periodicity, or amplitude, exhibits only negligible change over an arbitrarily long period. ... For an optical fiber, a step-index profile is refractive index profile characterized by a uniform refractive index within the core and a sharp decrease in refractive index at the core-cladding interface. ... In telecommunication, the term stop signal has the following meanings: 1. ... In telecommunication, a stopband is a band of frequencies, between specified limits, that a circuit, such as a filter or telephone circuit, does not transmit. ... In telecommunication, a store-and-forward switching center is a message switching center in which a message is accepted from the originating user, sender, when it is offered, held in a physical storage, and forwarded to the destination user, receiver, in accordance with the priority placed upon the message by... Stressed environment: In radiocommunications, an environment that is under the influence of extrinsic factors that degrade communications integrity, such as when (a) the benign communications medium is disturbed by natural or man-made events (such as an intentional nuclear burst), (b) the received signal is degraded by natural or man... An animation illustrating the effect of strobe light A strobe light or stroboscopic lamp, commonly called a strobe, is a device used to produce regular flashes of light. ... Stroke speed: In facsimile systems, the rate at which a fixed line perpendicular to the direction of scanning is crossed in one direction by a scanning or recording spot. ... A subcarrier is separate analog or digital signal carried on a main radio transmission, which carries extra information such as voice or data. ... Subtractive synthesis is a method of sound synthesis characterised by the application of an audio filter to a source signal. ... A sudden ionospheric disturbance (SID) is an abnormally high plasma density in the ionosphere caused by an occasional sudden solar flare, which often interrupts or interferes with telecommunications systems. ... For other uses, see Supercomputer (disambiguation). ... A magnet levitating above a high-temperature superconductor, cooled with liquid nitrogen. ... In electronics, the superheterodyne receiver (also known by its full name, the supersonic heterodyne receiver, or by the abbreviated form superhet) is a technique for selectively recovering the information from radio waves of a particular frequency. ... Superparamagnetism refers to materials which become magnetic in the presence of an external magnet, but revert to a non magnetic state when the external magnet is removed. ... In telecommunication, the term supervisory program has the following meanings: 1. ... Reduced-carrier transmission is an amplitude modulation (AM) transmission in which the carrier wave level is reduced to reduce wasted electrical power. ... // In physics, a surface wave can refer to a mechanical wave that propagates along the interface between differing media, usually two fluids with different densities. ... Surface-mount components on a flash drives circuit board Surface mount technology (SMT) is a method for constructing electronic circuits in which the components (SMC, or Surface Mounted Components) are mounted directly onto the surface of printed circuit boards (PCBs). ... For other uses, see Surveillance (disambiguation). ... In engineering, survivability is the quantified ability of a system, subsystem, equipment, process, or procedure to continue to function during and after a natural or man-made disturbance; nuclear electromagnetic pulse from the detonation of a nuclear weapon. ... Electrical switches. ... A switching-mode power supply for laboratory use. ... In telecommunication, the term synchronism has the following meanings: 1. ... Synchronization (or Sync) is a problem in timekeeping which requires the coordination of events to operate a system in unison. ... In telecommunication, the term synchronizing has the following meanings: Achieving and maintaining synchronism. ... In telecommunication, a synchronous network is a network in which clocks are controlled to run, ideally, at identical rates, or at the same mean rate with a fixed relative phase displacement, within a specified limited range. ... It has been suggested that this article be split into articles entitled Synchronous optical networking, SONET and Synchronous digital hierarchy. ... For other uses, see Synthesizer (disambiguation). ... In telecommunication, the term system integrity has the following meanings: 1. ... Systems control: In a communications system, the control and implementation of a set of functions that (a) prevent or eliminate degradation of any part of the system, (b) initiate immediate response to demands that are placed on the system, (c) respond to changes in the system to meet long range...

T

T-carrier - TEMPEST - TRF - TRS - TTL - TX - Table of standard electrode potentials - Tantalum - Tactical communications system - Tactical communications - Tactical data information link--A - Tape relay - Technical control facility - Telecommunication - Telecommunications service - Teleconference - Telegrapher's equations - Telegraphy - Telemetry - Telephone tapping - Teletext - Teletraining - Television - Tensor - Tesla coil - Tesla patents - test antenna - Tether propulsion - Thermal noise - Thermistor - Third-order intercept point - Three phase - Time-assignment speech interpolation - Time-domain reflectometer - Time-division multiple access - Time-division multiplexing - Time-out - Tinfoil hat - TNC connector - Toll switching trunk - Total harmonic distortion - Total internal reflection - Traffic intensity - Traffic shaping - Transceiver - Transimpedance amplifier - Transcoding - Transducer - Transformer - Transient electromagnetic device - Transistor - Transistor-transistor logic - Transistor radio - Transition metal - Transmission coefficient - Transmission level point - Transmission line - Transmission medium - Transmit-after-receive time delay - Transmitter - Transmitter attack-time delay - Transmitter-studio link - Transparent latch - Triangle wave - Trimline telephone - Troposphere - Tropospheric ducting - Tropospheric wave - Transponder - Transverse redundancy check - Traveling wave tube - Tuner - Twisted pair Two Network Interface Units, one with a single card, the other with two In telecommunications, T-carrier is the generic designator for any of several digitally multiplexed telecommunications carrier systems originally developed by Bell Labs and used in North America and Japan. ... í For other uses, see Tempest. ... TRF in 2006 from left to right: Chiharu, Sam, Yu-Ki, Etsu and DJ Koo TRF (Tetsuya Komuro Rave Factory) is a Japanese popular music group. ... TRS may mean: tip ring sleeve Telephone Relay Service Tandy / Radio Shack Tristar This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... A Motorola 68000-based computer with various TTL chips. ... TX can be either: TX can mean thanks or thank you - commonly used in instant messaging The telegraph and CW abbreviation for transmit (see also RX and Rx) the USPS state code for Texas, and domain name as in houston. ... The values below are standard electrode potentials taken at 25°C in aqueous solution. ... General Name, Symbol, Number tantalum, Ta, 73 Chemical series transition metals Group, Period, Block 5, 6, d Appearance gray blue Standard atomic weight 180. ... In telecommunication, a tactical communications system is a communications system that (a) is used within, or in direct support of, tactical forces, (b) is designed to meet the requirements of changing tactical situations and varying environmental conditions, (c) provides securable communications, such as voice, data, and video, among mobile users... Tactical communications: Communications in which information of any kind, especially orders and decisions, are conveyed from one command, person, or place to another within the tactical forces, usually by means of electronic equipment, including communications security equipment, organic to the tactical forces. ... In telecommunication, a tactical data information link--A (TADIL--A) is a netted link in which one unit acts as a net control station and interrogates each unit by roll call. ... In telecommunication, a tape relay is a method of retransmitting TTY traffic from one channel to another, in which messages arriving on an incoming channel are recorded in the form of perforated tape, this tape then being either fed directly and automatically into an outgoing channel, or manually transferred to... In telecommunication, a technical control facility (TCF) is a physical plant, or a designated and specially configured part thereof, that (a) contains the equipment necessary for ensuring fast, reliable, and secure exchange of information, (b) typically includes distribution frames and associated panels, jacks, and switches and monitoring, test, conditioning, and... Copy of the original phone of Alexander Graham Bell at the Musée des Arts et Métiers in Paris Telecommunication is the assisted transmission of signals over a distance for the purpose of communication. ... In telecommunication, the term telecommunications service has the following meanings: 1. ... // Bold textBold textBold textBold textIn telecommunication, teleconference is the live exchange and mass articulation of information among persons and machines remote from one another but linked by a telecommunications system, usually over the phone line. ... Oliver Heaviside developed the transmission line theory known as the telegraphers equations. ... Telegraph and Telegram redirect here. ... Telemetry is a technology that allows the remote measurement and reporting of information of interest to the system designer or operator. ... It has been suggested that Voice logging be merged into this article or section. ... A BBC Ceefax page from January 9, 2007. ... Teletraining is training that (a) in which usually live instruction is conveyed in real time via telecommunications facilities, (b) that may be accomplished on a point-to-point basis or on a point-to-multipoint basis, and (c) may assume many forms, such as a teleseminar, a teleconference, or an... In mathematics, a tensor is (in an informal sense) a generalized linear quantity or geometrical entity that can be expressed as a multi-dimensional array relative to a choice of basis; however, as an object in and of itself, a tensor is independent of any chosen frame of reference. ... Tesla Coil at Questacon, the Australian National Science Centre museum A Tesla coil (also teslacoil) is a type of resonant transformer, named after its inventor, Nikola Tesla. ... Below is a list of Tesla patents. ... Artists conception of satellite with a tether Tether propulsion uses long, strong strings (known as tethers) to change the orbits of spacecraft. ... Johnson-Nyquist noise (sometimes thermal noise, Johnson noise or Nyquist noise) is the noise generated by the equilibrium fluctuations of the electric current inside an electrical conductor, which happens without any applied voltage, due to the random thermal motion of the charge carriers (the electrons). ... NTC thermistor, bead type, insulated wires Thermistor symbol A thermistor is a type of resistor used to measure temperature changes, relying on the change in its resistance with changing temperature. ... In telecommunication, a third-order intercept point (IP3 or TOI) is a measure for weakly nonlinear systems and devices, for example receivers, linear amplifiers and mixers. ... In electrical engineering, three-phase electric power systems have at least three conductors carrying voltage waveforms that are 2Ï€/3 radians (120°,1/3 of a cycle) offset in time. ... In telecommunication, a time-assignment speech interpolation (TASI) is an analog technique used on certain long transmission links to increase voice-transmission capacity. ... In telecommunication, a time-domain reflectometer (TDR) is an electronic instrument used to characterize and locate faults in metallic cables ( twisted pair, coax). ... Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) is a technology for shared medium (usually radio) networks. ... Time-division multiplexing (TDM) is a type of digital or (rarely) analog multiplexing in which two or more signals or bit streams are transferred apparently simultaneously as sub-channels in one communication channel, but physically are taking turns on the channel. ... The distinctive Time Out logo, seen on all its publications Time Out is a publishing company based in London, England. ... A tin-foil hat, also tinfoil hat, is a piece of headgear that some people wear because they believe it prevents mind control and/or mind reading, and find that it stops certain unpleasant experiences such as voices in their heads and apparent abduction by alien beings. ... TNC connector on the left beside BNC. The threaded Neill-Concelman (TNC) connector is a threaded version of the BNC connector. ... In telecommunication, a toll switching trunk is a trunk connecting one or more end offices to a toll center as the first stage of concentration for intertoll traffic. ... The total harmonic distortion, or THD, of a signal is a measurement of the harmonic distortion present and is defined as the ratio of the sum of the powers of all harmonic components to the power of the fundamental. ... The larger the angle to the normal, the smaller is the fraction of light transmitted, until the angle when total internal reflection occurs. ... In telecommunication, a traffic intensity is a measure of the average occupancy of a facility during a specified period of time, normally a busy hour, measured in traffic units (erlangs) and defined as the ratio of the time during which a facility is occupied (continuously or cumulatively) to the time... Traffic shaping (also known as packet shaping) is an attempt to control computer network traffic in order to optimize or guarantee performance, low latency, and/or bandwidth by delaying packets[1]. Traffic shaping deals with concepts of classification, queue disciplines, enforcing policies, congestion management, quality of service (QoS), and fairness. ... A transceiver is a device that has both a transmitter and a receiver which are combined in to one. ... A transimpedance amplifier is a circuit that performs current to voltage transfomation and is sometimes known simply as a current-to-voltage converter. ... In telecommunication, transcoding is the direct digital-to-digital conversion from one encoding scheme, such as voice LPC-10, to a different encoding scheme without returning the signals to analog form. ... A transducer is a device, usually electrical or electronic, that converts one type of energy to another. ... For other uses, see Transformer (disambiguation). ... A transient electromagnetic device (TED) is a device that emits a transient pulse of electromagnetic radiation of a few picoseconds in length. ... Assorted discrete transistors A transistor is a semiconductor device, commonly used as an amplifier or an electrically controlled switch. ... A Motorola 68000-based computer with various TTL chips. ... Regency TR-1. ... In chemistry, the term transition metal (sometimes also called a transition element) has two possible meanings: It commonly refers to any element in the d-block of the periodic table, including zinc, cadmium and mercury. ... This article is about the transmission coefficient in optics. ... In a telecommunications system, a transmission level point (TLP) is a test point, a point where a signal may be inserted or measured, and for which the nominal power of a test signal is specified. ... A transmission line is the material medium or structure that forms all or part of a path from one place to another for directing the transmission of energy, such as electromagnetic waves or acoustic waves, as well as electric power transmission. ... A transmission medium is any material substance, such as fiber-optic cable, twisted-wire pair, coaxial cable, dielectric-slab waveguide, water, or air, that can be used for the propagation of signals, usually in the form of modulated radio, light, or acoustic waves, from one point to another. ... In telecommunication, transmit-after-receive time delay is the time interval from removal of rf energy at the local receiver input until the local transmitter is automatically keyed on and the transmitted rf signal amplitude has increased to 90% of its steady-state value. ... Antenna tower of Crystal Palace transmitter, London A transmitter (sometimes abbreviated XMTR) is an electronic device which with the aid of an antenna propagates an electromagnetic signal such as radio, television, or other telecommunications. ... In telecommunication, transmitter attack-time delay is the interval from the instant a transmitter is keyed-on to the instant the transmitted radio frequency (rf) signal amplitude has increased to a specified level, usually 90% of its key-on steady-state value. ... The transmitter-studio link of a radio or television station sends telemetry data from the remotely-located transmitter back to the studio for monitoring purposes. ... A transparent latch is an electronic data storage device with a data input (D), an enable input (E) and a data output (Q). ... A triangle wave is a waveform named for its triangular shape. ... A 220 Trimline rotary desk phone, showing the innovative dial with moving thumbstop The Western Electric Trimline telephone, aka The Manhattan, is a variety of telephone set designed by Henry Dreyfuss Associates for the Bell System (AT&T). ... Atmosphere diagram showing the mesosphere and other layers. ... Tropospheric ducting (also known as tropospheric refraction) is a type of radio propagation that tends to happen during periods of stable, anti-cyclonic weather. ... In telecommunication, a tropospheric wave is a radio wave that is propagated by reflection from a place of abrupt change in the dielectric constant, or its gradient, in the troposphere. ... An Ontario Highway 407 toll transponder In telecommunication, the term transponder (short-for Transmitter-responder and sometimes abbreviated to XPDR, XPNDR or TPDR) has the following meanings: An automatic device that receives, amplifies, and retransmits a signal on a different frequency (see also broadcast translator). ... In telecommunication, a transverse redundancy check (TRC) or vertical redundancy check is a redundancy check for synchronized parallel bit streams, (a) that is based on the formation of a block check following preset rules, (b) in which the check-formation rule applied to blocks is also applied to characters, and... A traveling wave tube (TWT) is an electronic device used to produce high-power radio frequency signals. ... A tuner is a device to adjust the resonant frequency of an antenna or transmission line to work most efficiently at one frequency or band of frequencies. ... 25 Pair Color Code Chart 10BASE-T UTP Cable Twisted pair cabling is a common form of wiring in which two conductors are wound around each other for the purposes of cancelling out electromagnetic interference known as crosstalk. ...

U

Ultra Wideband - Ultra high frequency - Ultraviolet - Unavailability - Uncertainty principle - uniform linear array - Unijunction transistor - Unintentional radiator - Unit interval - Uplink - Upright position - User // Ultra-wide-band (also UWB, and ultra-wideband, ultra-wide band, etc. ... This article is about the radio frequency. ... For other uses, see Ultraviolet (disambiguation). ... In telecommunication, an unavailability is an expression of the degree to which a system, subsystem, or equipment is not operable and not in a committable state at the start of a mission, when the mission is called for at an unknown, random, time. ... In quantum physics, the outcome of even an ideal measurement of a system is not deterministic, but instead is characterized by a probability distribution, and the larger the associated standard deviation is, the more uncertain we might say that that characteristic is for the system. ... A Unijunction transistor (UJT) is an electronic semiconductor device. ... An unintentional radiator is any device which creates radio frequency energy within itself, which does not normally leave the device or its housing, unless it is damaged or malfunctioning. ... Look up uplink in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Upright position or erect position, in a frequency-division multiple access multiplexer, means that a signal is upconverted to the multiplexer band without inverting the frequencies. ...

V

VAC - Vačkář oscillator - Vacuum tube - Valence band - Varistor - Validation - Variable length buffer - Varicap - VDC - Vector field - Veroboard - Very-large-scale integration - Very high frequency - VHSIC hardware description language - Video - Video cassette recorder - Video teleconference - Video teleconferencing unit - Vintage amateur radio - Virtual circuit - Virtual circuit capability - Voice frequency - Voice frequency primary patch bay - Virtual ground - Volt- Voltage bias - Voltmeter - Voltage-to-current converter - Vox VAC is a three-letter abbreviation with multiple meanings, as described below: volts of alternating current. ... A Vačkář oscillator is a variation of the split-capacitance oscillator model. ... Structure of a vacuum tube diode Structure of a vacuum tube triode In electronics, a vacuum tube, electron tube, or (outside North America) thermionic valve or just valve, is a device used to amplify, switch or modify a signal by controlling the movement of electrons in an evacuated space. ... In solids, the valence band is the highest range of electron energies where electrons are normally present at zero temperature. ... A varistor is an electronic component with a significant non-ohmic current-voltage characteristic. ... The word validation has several uses: In general, validation is the process of checking if something satisfies a certain criterion. ... In telecommunication, a variable length buffer is a buffer into which data may be entered at one rate and removed at another rate without changing the data sequence. ... Varicap schematic symbol A varicap diode, varactor diode or tuning diode is a type of diode used in electronic circuits. ... VDC is a three-letter abbreviation with multiple meanings, the most common is volts (V) of continous current (direct current (DC)), in contrast to VAC. Care must be taken not to connect DC devices (such as DC electrical motors) to alternating current (AC) sources, as DC devices can be seriously... Vector field given by vectors of the form (-y, x) In mathematics a vector field is a construction in vector calculus which associates a vector to every point in a Euclidean space. ... Veroboard is the trademark name of the electronics prototyping board manufactured by the Vero Electronics company. ... It has been suggested that VHSIC be merged into this article or section. ... Very high frequency (VHF) is the radio frequency range from 30 MHz (wavelength 10 m) to 300 MHz (wavelength 1 m). ... VHDL or VHSIC Hardware Description Language, is commonly used as a design-entry language for field-programmable gate arrays and application-specific integrated circuits in electronic design automation of digital circuits. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... The video cassette recorder (or VCR, less popularly video tape recorder) is a type of video tape recorder that uses removable cassettes containing magnetic tape to record audio and video from a television broadcast so it can be played back later. ... Categories: Wikipedia cleanup | Groupware | Telecommunications stubs ... Video teleconferencing unit (VTU): Equipment that performs video teleconference functions, such as coding and decoding of audio and video signals and multiplexing of video, audio, data, and control signals, and that usually does not include I/O devices, cryptographic devices, network interface equipment, network connections, or the communications network to... Vintage amateur gear at station W1GFH Vintage amateur radio is a subset of the amateur radio hobby, considered a form of nostalgia much like antique car collecting, where enthusiasts collect, restore, preserve, build, and operate amateur radio equipment from bygone years, most notably those using vacuum tube technology. ... A virtual circuit (VC) is a communications arrangement in which data from a source user may be passed to a destination user over more than one real communications circuit during a single period of communication, but the switching is hidden from the users. ... A virtual circuit (VC) is a communications arrangement in which data from a source user may be passed to a destination user over more than one real circuit configuration during a single period of communication, but the switching is hidden from the users. ... A voice frequency (VF) or voice band is one of the frequencies, within part of the audio range, that is used for the transmission of speech. ... In telecommunication, a voice frequency primary patch bay (VF) is a patching facility that provides the first appearance of local-user VF circuits in the technical control facility (TCF). ... Virtual ground (sometimes called virtual earth) is a very important concept found in electronic circuit designs. ... Josephson junction array chip developed by NIST as a standard volt. ... In electronics, voltage bias (sometimes simply called bias) is a steady-state voltage It is used to activate the active component like transistor transistor, coil or other source of load. ... Two digital voltmeters. ... Each entity in this world may be presented as a system of connected components. ... Vox is the Latin word for voice. ...

W

Wardenclyffe Tower - Watt - Wave - Wave impedance - Wave propagation - Waveform - Waveguide - waveguide antenna - Wavelength division multiplexing - Wavelength - Warner exemption - White facsimile transmission - Wideband modem - Williams tube - Wink pulsing - whip antenna - Wire - Wire wrap - Wireless - Wireless access point - Wireless community network - Wireless network - Wireless personal area network - Wye-delta transform (see Y-delta transform) Wardenclyffe Tower located in Shoreham], Long Island, New York. ... For other uses, see Watt (disambiguation). ... Surface waves in water This article is about waves in the most general scientific sense. ... Wave impedance: At a point in an electromagnetic wave, the ratio of the electric field strength to the magnetic field strength. ... Wave propagation refers to the ways waves travel through a medium (waveguide). ... Waveform quite literally means the shape and form of a signal, such as a wave moving across the surface of water, or the vibration of a plucked string. ... Look up waveguide in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Magnetostatics Electrodynamics Electrical Network Tensors in Relativity This box:      This page is about waveguides for electromagnetic wave propagation at microwave and radio wave frequencies. ... In telecommunications wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) is a technology which multiplexes several optical carrier signals on a single optical fibre by using different wavelengths (colours) of laser light to carry different signals. ... For other uses, see Wavelength (disambiguation). ... In telecommunication, a Warner exemption is a statutory exemption pertaining to the acquisition of telecommunications systems that meet the exclusionary criteria of the Warner Amendment, Public Law 97-86, 1 December 1981, which is also known as the Brooks Bill. ... In telecommunication, the term white facsimile transmission has the following meanings: In an amplitude-modulated facsimile system, transmission in which the maximum transmitted power corresponds to the minimum density, , the white area, of the object. ... In telecommunication, the term wideband modem has the following meanings: 1. ... The Williams tube or (more accurately) the Williams-Kilburn tube (after Freddie Williams and coworker Tom Kilburn), developed about 1946 or 1947, was a cathode ray tube used to store electronic data. ... Wink pulsing: In telephone switching systems, recurring pulsing in which the off-condition is relatively short compared to the on-condition. ... A whip antenna is an antenna with a single driven element and a ground plane. ... A wire is a single, usually cylindrical, elongated strand of drawn metal. ... This article deals with electronics manufacturing and prototyping techniques, see Wire wrap jewellery for the jewellery related topic Wire wrap is a technique for constructing small numbers of complex electronics. ... For the use of the term in networking, see Wireless networking. ... Planet WAP-4000 Wireless Access Point In computer networking, a wireless access point (WAP or AP) is a device that connects wireless communication devices together to form a wireless network. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... While the term wireless network may technically be used to refer to any type of network that is wireless, the term is most commonly used to refer to a telecommunications network whose interconnections between nodes is implemented without the use of wires, such as a computer network (which is a... A wireless personal area network (WPAN) is a personal area network (PAN) that uses radio rather than wires. ... The Y-delta transform (also written Wye-delta transform or Kennellys Delta-Star transformation) or star-mesh transformation is a mathematical technique to simplify analysis of an electrical network. ...

X

X-dimension of recorded spot X-dimension of recorded spot: In facsimile systems, the effective recorded spot dimension measured in the direction of the recorded line. ...

Y

Yagi antenna - Y-delta transform - YUV A Yagi-Uda antenna. ... The Y-delta transform (also written Wye-delta transform or Kennellys Delta-Star transformation) or star-mesh transformation is a mathematical technique to simplify analysis of an electrical network. ... This article or section is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ...

Z

Z-transform - Zener diode - Zero-dispersion wavelength - Zero dBm transmission level point - Zig-zag in-line package - ZigBee - ZIF - Zone melting In mathematics and signal processing, the Z-transform converts a discrete time domain signal, which is a sequence of real numbers, into a complex frequency domain representation. ... Zener diode schematic symbol A Zener diode is a type of diode that permits current to flow in the forward direction like a normal diode, but also in the reverse direction if the voltage is larger (not equal to, but larger) than the rated breakdown voltage known as Zener knee... In telecommunication, the term zero-dispersion wavelength has the following meanings: 1. ... Zero dBm transmission level point (0 dBm TLP): In a communication system, a point at which the reference level is 1 mW, 0 dBm. ... The zig-zag in-line package or ZIP was a short-lived packaging technology for integrated circuits, particularly dynamic RAM chips. ... The introduction to this article provides insufficient context for those unfamiliar with the subject matter. ... A large ZIF socket (socket A) ZIF is an acronym for zero insertion force. ... Zone melting is a method of separation by melting in which a series of molten zones traverses a long ingot of impure metal or chemical. ...