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Encyclopedia > List of encyclopedias

This article contains a list of encyclopedias, including projects to create new works. Brockhaus Konversations-Lexikon, 1902 An encyclopedia or encyclopaedia, also (rarely) encyclopædia,[1] is a comprehensive written compendium that contains information on all branches of knowledge or a particular branch of knowledge. ...

Contents


Encyclopedias before 1700

  • Pliny's Natural History AD 77. Highly influential in the Middle Ages.
  • Cassiodorus' Institutiones, AD 560. First Christian encyclopedia.
  • St. Isidore of Seville's Etymologiae, AD 636. Christian encyclopedia, most influential encyclopedia of the early Middle Ages.
  • Fa yüan chu lin, AD 668, a buddhist encyclopedia of 100 volumes, compiled by Tao-shih
  • Adab al-katib (The book of knowledge) by Ibn Qutayba (828–889). Earliest Arabic work that could be called an Encyclopedia.
  • Bibliotheke by Patriarch Photius (9th century). Earliest Byzantine work that could be called an Encyclopedia.
  • Hrabanus Maurus, 842. De rerum naturis (On the nature of things). Derived from Isidore's text.
  • Suda (10th century)
  • Bartholomeus de Glanvilla, De proprietatibus rerum, 1240. The most widely read and quoted encyclopedia in the late-medieval period.
  • Vincent of Beauvais, Speculum Majus, 1260. The most ambitious encyclopedia in the late-medieval period over 3 million words.
  • Yongle Encyclopedia (1403–1408). Ming Dynasty Chinese encyclopedia.
  • Pavao Skalic, Croatian philosopher from Zagreb, first to use the term encyclopedia in the current sense. Encyclopediae seu orbis disciplinarum tam sacrarum quam profanarum epistemon, 1559 (Basel, Switzerland), 1571 (Köln, Germany).
  • Theodor Zwinger (1533–1588), Theatrum Vitae Humanae, 1588.
  • Sir Thomas Browne Pseudodoxia Epidemica 1646-1672
  • Louis Moréri The Great Historical Dictionary, 1671.
  • Pierre Bayle Historical and Critical Dictionary, 1695.
  • Vincenzo Coronelli publisher of Biblioteca Universale Sacro-Profana early 18th century, the first encyclopedia to be alphabetical.
  • John Henry Alsted
  • John Jacob Hoffman

Naturalis Historia Pliny the Elders Natural History is an encyclopedia written by Pliny the Elder. ... Flavius Magnus Aurelius Cassiodorus Senator (ca 484/490 - ca585), commonly known as Cassiodorus, was a Roman statesman and great writer, serving in the administration of Theodoric the Great, king of the Ostrogoths. ... Saint Isidore of Seville (in Spanish San Isidro or San Isidoro de Sevilla) (Cartagena, Spain, about 560 - April 4, 636) was Archbishop of Seville for more than three decades and has the reputation of being one of the great scholars of the early middle ages. ... First printed edition of 1472 (by Guntherus Ziner, Augsburg), title page of chapter 14 (de terra et partibus), illustrated with a T and O map. ... The fa yüan chu lin (法苑珠林), literally translated Forest of Gems in the Garden of the Law, is a buddhist encyclopedia compiled AD 668 by Tao-shih. ... Abd Allah ibn Muslim ibn Qutaybah (828-889), or Ibn Qutaybah, was an Arab writer, born in Kufa. ... The Bibliotheke was renowned as the chief work of Greek historian and scholar. ... Photius (b. ... Rabanus Maurus Magnentius (c. ... Suda (Σουδα or alternatively Suidas) is a massive 10th century Byzantine Greek historical encyclopædia of the ancient Mediterranean world. ... Bartholomeus de Glanvilla also known as Bartholomew of England was an early 13th century scholastic scholar of Paris, a member of the Franciscan order. ... The Dominican friar Vincent of Beauvais (ca 1190 - 1264?) wrote the main encyclopedia that was used in the middle ages. ... The Yongle Encyclopedia or Yongle Dadian (永樂大典) was commissioned by the Chinese Ming Dynasty emperor Yongle in 1403. ... The Míng Dynasty (Chinese: 明朝; Pinyin: Míng Cháo) was the ruling dynasty of China from 1368 to 1644. ... Stanislav Pavao (Paul) Skalić, also known as Paulus Scalichiis from Lika (*1534 in Zagreb, † 1573), was a croatian humanist and author of the first modern Encyclopedia. ... Zagreb at night, from Sljeme Zagreb cathedral St. ... Theodor Zwinger (August 2, 1533 - March 10, 1588), was a Swiss scholar. ... Sir Thomas Browne, MD (October 19, 1605 – October 19, 1682) was an English author of varied works that disclose his wide learning in diverse fields including medicine, religion, science and the esoteric. ... Sir Thomas Brownes vast work refuting the common errors and superstitions of his age, Pseudodoxia Epidemica, first appeared in 1646 and went through five editions, the last revision occurring in 1672. ... Painting of Louis Moréri by Gerard Edelinck Louis Moréri (March 25, 1643 - July 10, 1680) was a French encyclopaedist. ... Pierre Bayle (November 18, 1647 – December 28, 1706) was a French philosopher and writer. ... Marco Vincenzo Coronelli (August 16, 1650 - December 9, 1718) was an Italian cartographer and encyclopedist known in particular for his globes. ...

Encyclopedias published 1700–1800

Lexicon technicum, or an universal English Dictionary of Arts and Sciences The first alphabetical encyclopaedia written in English, it was the work of a London clergyman, John Harris. ... Wakan Sansai Zue ) is a Japanese encyclopedia published in 1712 in the Edo period. ... Cyclopaedia; or an Universal Dictionary of Arts and Sciences (folio, 2 vols. ... 1913 advertisement for the 11th edition, with the slogan When in doubt — look it up in the Encyclopædia Britannica The Encyclopædia Britannica (properly spelled with æ, the ae-ligature) was first published in 1768–1771 as The Britannica was an important early English-language general encyclopedia and is still... The Encyclopaedia Perthensis or Universal Dictionary of KNOWLEDGE collected from every source and intended to supersede the use of all other English books of reference was published in Perth, Scotland by C. Mitchel and Co. ...

French encyclopedias

Fig. ... This article needs to be wikified. ... Charles-Joseph Panckoucke (26 November 1736 - 19 December 1798) was a French writer and publisher, notable for the Encyclopédie méthodique, a successor to the Encyclopédie of Diderot. ...

German encyclopedias

The Grosses vollständiges Universal-Lexicon aller Wissenschafften und Künste (Great Complete Encyclopaedia of all Sciences and Arts) is a 68-volume German encyclopaedia published by Johann Heinrich Zedler between 1732 and 1754. ... Brockhaus is a German encyclopedia published by Brockhaus. ...

Encyclopedias published 1800–1900

Reess Cyclopaedia, or The New Cyclopaedia, or, Universal Dictionary of the Arts and Sciences was edited by Revd. ... 1913 advertisement for the 11th edition, with the slogan When in doubt — look it up in the Encyclopædia Britannica The Encyclopædia Britannica (properly spelled with æ, the ae-ligature) was first published in 1768–1771 as The Britannica was an important early English-language general encyclopedia and is still... The British Encyclopaedia, or Dictionary of Arts and Sciences was published in 1809 in six 8vo volumes and around 150 plates. ... Pantologia was published in 12 volumes, 8vo in 1813, with 370 plates (some coloured). ... The Encyclopaedia Metropolitana was published in London, 1845, 4to, 28 vols. ... The English Cyclopaedia (London, 1854-1862, 4to, 23 vols. ... Chamberss Encyclopaedia (Edinburgh, W. & R. Chambers), 1860-1868, 8vo, 10 vols. ... Pears Cyclopaedia is a one volume encyclopaedia published in the United Kingdom. ...

Specialist encyclopedias

The Engineers and Mechanics Encyclopaedia is a book edited by Luke Hebert, a London patent agent and journalist, and published by Thomas Kelly of Paternoster Row. ... The Cyclopaedia of Useful Arts and Manufactures was edited by Charles Tomlinson and published in London by George Virtue. ... Title page A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities is single volume encyclopedia in English language first published in 1842. ... Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology is a encyclopedia/biographical dictionary. ...

American encyclopedias

The Encyclopedia Americana is a reference work targeted at young teenagers (grade 8 in the US Educational system). ... Francis Lieber (March 18, 1798, Berlin, Germany - October 2, 1872, New York City), originally known as Franz Lieber, was a German-American jurist and political philosopher. ... This article or section needs to be wikified. ...

Dutch encyclopedias

The winkler prince is an encyclopedia, founded by the Dutch writer Anthony Winkler Prins. ...

French encyclopedias

Dictionnaires généraux, universels, encyclopédiques, et autres… A bibliography of French encyclopedias up to Larousse.

This article needs to be wikified. ... Charles-Joseph Panckoucke (26 November 1736 - 19 December 1798) was a French writer and publisher, notable for the Encyclopédie méthodique, a successor to the Encyclopédie of Diderot. ... The Encyclopédie nouvelle: Dictionnaire philosophique, scientifique, littéraire et industriel, offrant le tableau des connaissances humaines au XIXe siècle was a French encyclopedia in three volumes founded by Pierre Leroux and Jean Reynaud and published in 1839-1840. ... Pierre Leroux (April 7, 1798 - April, 1871), French philosopher and political economist, was born at Bercy near Paris, the son of an artisan. ... Jean Reynaud (1806-1863) was a French socialist philosopher. ... The Grand Dictionnaire universel du XIXe siècle (Great Universal Dictionary of the 19th Century), often called the Larousse du dix-neuvième is an encyclopedic dictionary, a work of Pierre Larousse. ... Pierre Athanase Larousse (October 23, 1817-January 3, 1875) was a French grammarian and lexicographer born in Toucy. ... La Grande Encyclopédie, inventaire raisonné des sciences, des lettres, et des arts (The Great Encyclopedia: a systematic inventory of science, letters, and the arts) is a 31-volume encyclopedia published in France from 1886 to 1902 by H. Lamirault, and later by the Société anonyme de la grande... André Berthelot (1862-1938) was the son of the chemist and politician Marcellin Berthelot and a député of the Seine. ...

German encyclopedias

The Oekonomische Encyklopädie was a German encyclopaedia started by Johann Georg Krünitz. ... by Ferdinand Collmann, 1795 Johann Georg Krünitz (* March 20, 1728, † December 20, 1796 in Berlin) was a noted German encyclopedist who started the 242-volume Oekonomische Encyklopädie and during his lifetime managed to complete its first 72 volumes. ... Brockhaus is a German encyclopedia published by Brockhaus. ... Meyers Konversations-Lexikon was a German encyclopaedia. ...

Swedish encyclopedias

The Owl Edition Nordisk familjebok is a Swedish encyclopedia, published between 1876 and 1957. ...

Encyclopedias published 1900–2006

American encyclopedias

Chinese encyclopedias

  • Chinese Children's Encyclopedia ??????
  • Cihai, combines dictionary and encyclopedia, ??

Dutch encyclopedias

  • Winkler Prins Geïllustreerde Encyclopaedie (3rd ed. 1905-1912; 9th ed. 1990-1993)
  • Oosthoek's Geïllustreerde Encyclopaedie (1916-1923; 7th ed. 1976-1981)
  • Grote Nederlandse Larousse Encyclopedie (1971-1979)
  • Grote Spectrum Encyclopedie (1974-1980)
  • Dutch columnist Battus wrote a parody encyclopaedia with fake articles called De encyclopedie (1978).

French encyclopedias

  • Encyclopædia Universalis (1968–....)
  • Claude Augé Nouveau Petit Larousse Illustré

German encyclopedias

  • Brockhaus (eds. 15–20 by 2000)
  • Meyers Konversations-Lexikon (6th ed. 1902–1908; 9th (final) ed. 1971–1979)
  • Herders Konversations-Lexikon (3rd ed. 1902–1907; 5th ed. 1952–1956)

Iranian encyclopedias

Religious encyclopedias

Russian encyclopedias

1913 advertisement for the 11th edition, with the slogan When in doubt — look it up in the Encyclopædia Britannica The Encyclopædia Britannica (properly spelled with æ, the ae-ligature) was first published in 1768–1771 as The Britannica was an important early English-language general encyclopedia and is still... Facsimile of an illustration page The Procession of the Worlds from an 8 volume edition of the Encyclopedia The Childrens Encyclopedia was a printed encyclopedia originally in eight volumes (later expanded to ten volumes), originated by Arthur Mee, and published by the Educational Book Company Ltd. ... World Book Encyclopedia is, according to its publisher in the United States, the number-one selling print encyclopedia in the world [1]. The first edition (1917) contained 8 volumes. ... Encarta is a digital multimedia encyclopedia published and updated frequently by Microsoft Corporation. ... Funk and Wagnalls is a publisher based in New York City. ... The Encyclopedia of Life Support Systems or EOLSS is an interdisciplinary encyclopedia, sponsored by UNESCO but not free. ... Funk and Wagnalls is a publisher based in New York City. ... Encyclopedia Mythica is an internet encyclopedia of folklore, mythology, and religion. ... The New International Encyclopedia was an encyclopedia first published in the 1910s. ... Colliers Encyclopedia is a U.S. encyclopedia. ... The Nuttall Encyclopaedia is an early 20th century encyclopedia, edited by Rev. ... Dictionary of the Middle Ages: Supplement 1 (2003) The Dictionary of the Middle Ages is a 13-volume encyclopedia of the Middle Ages published by the American Council of Learned Societies between 1982 and 1989, with a supplemental volume added in 2003. ... The winkler prince is an encyclopedia, founded by the Dutch writer Anthony Winkler Prins. ... Battus can refer to: In Greek mythology, Battus is the name of two different people: Son of Polymnestus, founded Cyrene, thus fulfilling a prophecy given to his ancestor, Euphemus. ... Brockhaus is a German encyclopedia published by Brockhaus. ... Meyers Konversations-Lexikon was a German encyclopaedia. ... Encyclopædia Iranica is a project of Columbia Universitys Center for Iranian Studies to create a comprehensive and authoritiative English language encyclopedia about the history and culture of Iran and Persia. ... The Jewish Encyclopedia was an encyclopedia originally published between 1901 and 1906 by Funk and Wagnalls. ... The Encyclopaedia Judaica is a 26-volume English-language encyclopedia of the Jewish people and their faith, Judaism. ... The Catholic Encyclopedia (also referred to as the Old Catholic Encyclopedia today) is an English-language encyclopedia published in 1913 by the The Encyclopedia Press, designed to give authoritative information on the entire cycle of Catholic interests, action and doctrine. // History The writing of the encyclopedia began on January 11... The Schaff-Herzog Encyclopedia of Religious Knowledge is a 1914 religious encyclopedia, published in thirteen volumes. ... The public domain comprises the body of all creative works and other knowledge—writing, artwork, music, science, inventions, and others—in which no person or organization has any proprietary interest. ... First of four volumes of the Encyclopedia of Mormonism. ... The Encyclopaedia of Islam (EI) is a scholarly encyclopaedia covering all aspects of Islamic civilization and history. ... Title page of the 3rd ed. ...

General

Printed works

English language

The English language is a West Germanic language that originates in England. ... Facsimile of an illustration page The Procession of the Worlds from an 8 volume edition of the Encyclopedia The Childrens Encyclopedia was a printed encyclopedia originally in eight volumes (later expanded to ten volumes), originated by Arthur Mee, and published by the Educational Book Company Ltd. ... Arthur Mee (1875 - 1943) was a British writer, journalist and educator. ... Colliers Encyclopedia is a U.S. encyclopedia. ... The Columbia Encyclopedia is a one-volume encyclopedia produced by Columbia University Press and sold by the Gale Group. ... This page is a candidate for speedy deletion, because: If you disagree with its speedy deletion, please explain why on its talk page or at Wikipedia:Speedy deletions. ... This article is about the year 2000. ... The headquarters of the Cambridge University Press, in Trumpington Street, Cambridge. ... 1997 (MCMXCVII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Comptons Encyclopedia and Fact-Index is the title of an encyclopedia published in Chicago, Illinois since the 1920s. ... The Encyclopedia Americana is a reference work targeted at young teenagers (grade 8 in the US Educational system). ... 1913 advertisement for the 11th edition, with the slogan When in doubt — look it up in the Encyclopædia Britannica The Encyclopædia Britannica (properly spelled with æ, the ae-ligature) was first published in 1768–1771 as The Britannica was an important early English-language general encyclopedia and is still... (Redirected from 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica) The Eleventh Edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica (1911) in many ways represents the sum of knowledge at the beginning of the 20th century. ... Thomson Gale is a division of the Thomson Corporation, and is based in Farmington Hills, Michigan, in the western suburbs of Detroit. ... Funk and Wagnalls is a publisher based in New York City. ... 1997 (MCMXCVII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Oracle Encyclopædia is a five-volume general encyclopedia. ... 1895 (MDCCCXCV) was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Thursday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ... The Poets Encyclopedia summarizes the literary, art and music worlds of New York City in the 1970s. ... Michael Andre (born August 31, 1946) is a Canadian poet, critic and editor living in New York City. ... Random House is a publishing division of the German media conglomerate Bertelsmann based in New York City. ... This article is about the year. ... Pears Cyclopaedia is a one volume encyclopaedia published in the United Kingdom. ... Penguin Group is the second largest trade book publisher in the world. ... For album titles with the same name, see 2002 (album). ... Professor David Crystal, OBE (born 1941 in Lisburn, Northern Ireland, UK) is a linguist, academic and author. ... World Book Encyclopedia is, according to its publisher in the United States, the number-one selling print encyclopedia in the world [1]. The first edition (1917) contained 8 volumes. ...

Spanish language

  • Diccionario Enciclopédico Espasa
  • Diccionario Enciclopédico Hispano-Americano de Literatura, Ciencias y Artes: Barcelona, Montaner y Simón,1887-1899, reprints and appendices up to 1910. Wonderful and very readable articles, many of them written by known Spanish scholars of the day. Reprinted by the London editor Walter M. Jackson (C. H. Simonds Company, Impresores, Boston, Estados Unidos de Norte América). See reference at http://www.filosofia.org/enc/eha/eha.htm
  • Enciclopedia Encarta
  • Enciclopedia universal ilustrada europeo-americana; the biggest encyclopedia of its time. Also known as Enciclopedia Espasa o Enciclopedia Espasa-Calpe
  • Enciclopedia Labor
  • Enciclopedia Libre Universal also known as Enciclopedia Libre
  • Enciclopedia Salvat
  • Gran Enciclopedia Planeta, 20 volume, DVD and on-line encyclopedia, 2004
  • Nueva enciclopedia Durvan

This article is about the international language known as Spanish. ... The Enciclopedia universal ilustrada europeo-americana (also called Enciclopedia Espasa, or Enciclopedia Espasa-Calpe, after its publisher) is a Spanish encyclopaedia comprising 72 volumes published from 1908 to 1930 plus a ten-volume appendix published 1930-1933. ... The Enciclopedia Libre Universal en Español is a Spanish language WikiWiki encyclopedia, released under the GFDL. It uses the MediaWiki software. ...

Other languages

Title page of volume 1 The Allgemeine Encyclopädie der Wissenschaften und Künste (Universal Encyclopaedia of Sciences and Arts) was a 19th-century German encyclopaedia published by Johann Samuel Ersch and Johann Gottfried Gruber, therefore also known as the Ersch-Gruber. ... Brockhaus is a German encyclopedia published by Brockhaus. ... Title pages of «Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary» Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary (35 volumes, small; 86 volumes, large) is, in its scope and style, the Russian counterpart to the 1911 Britannica. ... Den Store Danske Encyklopædi Den Store Danske Encyklopædi (The Great Danish Encyclopedia) is the most comprehensive contemporary Danish language encyclopedia. ... Motto: none Anthem: Bože Pravde Capital Belgrade Largest city Belgrade Official language(s) Serbian1 Government Republic  - President Boris Tadić  - Prime Minister Vojislav KoÅ¡tunica Formation and independence    - Formation of Serbia 850   - Formation of the Serbian Empire 1345   - Independence from the Ottoman Empire July 13, 1878   - Serbia and Montenegro union... Enciklopedija Slovenije is a Slovenian encyclopedia that contains topics connected to Slovenia. ... Title page of the 3rd ed. ... The Grosses vollständiges Universal-Lexicon aller Wissenschafften und Künste (Great Complete Encyclopaedia of all Sciences and Arts) is a 68-volume German encyclopaedia published by Johann Heinrich Zedler between 1732 and 1754. ... The Gujin tushu jicheng (古今圖書集成, Complete Collection of Illustrations and Writings from the Earliest to Current Times) is a vast encyclopaedic work written in China during the reigns of Qing emperors Kangxi and Yongzheng, completed in 1725. ... Events February 8 - Catherine I became empress of Russia February 20 - The first reported case of white men scalping Native Americans takes place in New Hampshire colony. ... Tamil (தமிழ் ) is a classical language and one of the major languages of the Dravidian language family. ... The Lexicon Universale of 1698 is an Early Modern humanist encyclopedia by Johann Jacob Hofmann of Basel (1635-1706). ... Latin is an ancient Indo-European language originally spoken in the region around Rome called Latium. ... Musik in Geschichte und Gegenwart or short MGG is a comprehensive German Encyclopedia about music, and is one of the largest in the world. ... Meyers Konversations-Lexikon was a German encyclopaedia. ... The Nationalencyklopedin is the most comprehensive contemporary Swedish language encyclopedia, initiated by a government grant. ... The Owl Edition Nordisk familjebok is a Swedish encyclopedia, published between 1876 and 1957. ... Ottos encyclopedia (Czech: Ottova encyklopedie or Ottův slovník naučný), published at the turn of the 20th century, is the largest encyclopedia written in the Czech language. ... 1888 (MDCCCLXXXVIII) is a leap year starting on Sunday (click on link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar or a leap year starting on Tuesday of the Julian calendar. ... 1908 (MCMVIII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will take you to calendar). ... 1930 (MCMXXX) is a common year starting on Wednesday. ... 1943 (MCMXLIII) was a common year starting on Friday (the link is to a full 1943 calendar). ... The Serbian language is one of the standard versions of the Å tokavian dialect, used primarily in Serbia, Montenegro, Bosnia and Herzegovina and by Serbs everywhere. ... Wielka Encyklopedia Powszechna PWN (Great Universal Encyclopedia) is the largest Polish encyclopedia ever written. ... 1962 (MCMLXII) was a common year starting on Monday (the link is to a full 1962 calendar). ... 1970 (MCMLXX) was a common year starting on Thursday (the link is to a full 1970 calendar). ... Wielka Encyklopedia Powszechna PWN (Great Universal Encyclopedia) is the largest Polish encyclopedia ever written. ... 2001: A Space Odyssey. ... 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

On CD-ROM, DVD-ROM and/or the Internet

Comptons Interactive Encyclopedia is an electronic version of Comptons Encyclopedia available on CD-ROM and DVD-ROM. Comptons is currently owned by Riverdeep. ... 1913 advertisement for the 11th edition, with the slogan When in doubt — look it up in the Encyclopædia Britannica The Encyclopædia Britannica (properly spelled with æ, the ae-ligature) was first published in 1768–1771 as The Britannica was an important early English-language general encyclopedia and is still... (Redirected from 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica) The Eleventh Edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica (1911) in many ways represents the sum of knowledge at the beginning of the 20th century. ... Encarta is a digital multimedia encyclopedia published and updated frequently by Microsoft Corporation. ... Microsoft Corporation (NASDAQ: MSFT, HKSE: 4338) is an international computer technology corporation with 2005 global annual sales of US$39. ... Wikipedia (IPA: , or ) is an international Web-based free-content encyclopedia. ... A wiki (IPA: <wee-kee> or <wick-ey>[1]) is a type of website that allows users to add, remove, or otherwise edit and change most content very quickly and easily, sometimes without the need for registration. ... GNU logo (similar in appearance to a gnu) The GNU Free Documentation License (GNU FDL or simply GFDL) is a copyleft license for free content, designed by the Free Software Foundation (FSF) for the GNU project. ... World Book Encyclopedia is, according to its publisher in the United States, the number-one selling print encyclopedia in the world [1]. The first edition (1917) contained 8 volumes. ...

Website only

A cigarette will burn to ash on one end. ... The Enciclopedia Libre Universal en Español is a Spanish language WikiWiki encyclopedia, released under the GFDL. It uses the MediaWiki software. ... A wiki (IPA: <wee-kee> or <wick-ey>[1]) is a type of website that allows users to add, remove, or otherwise edit and change most content very quickly and easily, sometimes without the need for registration. ... GNU logo (similar in appearance to a gnu) The GNU Free Documentation License (GNU FDL or simply GFDL) is a copyleft license for free content, designed by the Free Software Foundation (FSF) for the GNU project. ... The Encyclopedia of Life Sciences is an encyclopedia of biology published in paper and online by Nature Publishing Group. ... // Description Open encyclopaedia of Turkey, Turkish culture, Anatolian archaeology, anthropology, geography, history, orientalism and Islam Aim We, a few volunteered intellectuals from different professions, try to build an internet encyclopedia in English with the editorship of Özhan Öztürk, the author of the book The Encyclopedia of Black Sea, with... Everything2, or E2 for short, is a large collaborative Internet community, currently at www. ... The Grolier Multimedia Encyclopedia is based on the Academic American Encyclopedia. ... The Grolier Multimedia Encyclopedia is based on the This encyclopedia is available on the Internet for subscribers and is updated monthly. ... netcyclo is an Internet encyclopedia project based in the United Kingdom. ... Nupedia was a Web-based encyclopedia whose articles were written by experts and licensed as free content. ... Peer review (known as refereeing in some academic fields) is a scholarly process used in the publication of manuscripts and in the awarding of funding for research. ... Open content, coined by analogy with open source, (though technically it is actually share-alike) describes any kind of creative work including articles, pictures, audio, and video that is published in a format that explicitly allows the copying of the information. ... Open Site is a free internet encyclopedia with many editors. ... The Open Directory Project (ODP), also known as DMoz (from Directory. ... The Probert Encyclopaedia is a concise online encyclopedia containing over 110,000 entries organized topically, written and published by Matthew Probert under the name Probert Publishing. ... Current logo of Susning. ... A wiki (IPA: <wee-kee> or <wick-ey>[1]) is a type of website that allows users to add, remove, or otherwise edit and change most content very quickly and easily, sometimes without the need for registration. ... Wikinfo, formerly known as Internet-Encyclopedia (renamed in January 2004), is a fork of the English Wikipedia initiated by Fred Bauder in July 2003. ... Wikipedia (IPA: , or ) is an international Web-based free-content encyclopedia. ... A wiki (IPA: <wee-kee> or <wick-ey>[1]) is a type of website that allows users to add, remove, or otherwise edit and change most content very quickly and easily, sometimes without the need for registration. ... GNU logo (similar in appearance to a gnu) The GNU Free Documentation License (GNU FDL or simply GFDL) is a copyleft license for free content, designed by the Free Software Foundation (FSF) for the GNU project. ... Wikiweise is a German language encyclopedia started by Ulrich Fuchs, administrator in the German Wikipedia, in April 2005. ... A wiki (IPA: <wee-kee> or <wick-ey>[1]) is a type of website that allows users to add, remove, or otherwise edit and change most content very quickly and easily, sometimes without the need for registration. ... GNU logo (similar in appearance to a gnu) The GNU Free Documentation License (GNU FDL or simply GFDL) is a copyleft license for free content, designed by the Free Software Foundation (FSF) for the GNU project. ... WikiZnanie (Russian: ) is a Russian language WikiWiki encyclopedia released under the BSL DPL license. ... A wiki (IPA: <wee-kee> or <wick-ey>[1]) is a type of website that allows users to add, remove, or otherwise edit and change most content very quickly and easily, sometimes without the need for registration. ... The FreeBSD Documentation License is listed below. ...

Specialized

National, regional, ethnic or cultural

Africa

  • Encyclopedia Zimbabwe

Australian

  • The Australian Encyclopedia (1926) - 1926
  • The Australian Encyclopedia (1958) - 1958
  • Encyclopaedia of Australia - 1968
  • Encyclopedia of Melbourne Sept 2005. Edited by Andrew Brown-May and Shurlee Swain. 864 pp. ISBN 9780521842341 - Online version

Austria

The aeiou Encyclopedia (www. ... 1996 (MCMXCVI) was a leap year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar, and was designated the International Year for the Eradication of Poverty. ...

Canadian

1898 (MDCCCXCVIII) was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Monday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ... 1900 (MCM) was an exceptional common year starting on Monday. ... 1913 (MCMXIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday. ... 1917 (MCMXVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar (see link for calendar) or a common year starting on Tuesday of the 13-day slower Julian calendar. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... This article is about the year. ... 1988 (MCMLXXXVIII) was a leap year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 1957 (MCMLVII) was a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 1935 (MCMXXXV) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will take you to calendar). ... 1937 (MCMXXXVII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will take you to calendar). ... 1981 (MCMLXXXI) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 1992 (MCMXCII) was a leap year starting on Wednesday. ... 1989 (MCMLXXXIX) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Croatia

  • Opća enciklopedija JLZ - (1977-1982)
  • Hrvatska opća enciklopedija (started in 1999- 7th vol. 2005 of 11)
  • Opća i nacionalna enciklopedija (2005- complete 2007)

For the album by Ash, see 1977 (album). ... 1982 (MCMLXXXII) was a common year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 1999 (MCMXCIX) was a common year starting on Friday, and was designated the International Year of Older Persons by the United Nations. ... 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 2007 (MMVII) will be a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Iranian

Dehkhoda Dictionary is the largest comprehensive Persian dictionary ever published, in 15 volumes. ... Persian is a language spoken in Iran, Tajikistan, Afghanistan, Uzbekistan, Bahrain, Iraq, Azerbaijan, Armenia, Georgia, Southern Russia, neighboring countries, and elsewhere. ... Ali Akbar Dekhoda (علی‌اکبر دهخدا in Persian; 1879–March 9, 1959) was a prominent Iranian linguist, and author of the most extensive dictionary of the Persian language ever published. ... Encyclopædia Iranica is a grand project of Columbia Universitys Center for Iranian Studies to create a comprehensive and authoritiative English language encyclopedia about the history and culture of Persia (Iran). ... Faravahar is a prominent guardian spirit in Zoroastrianism and Iranian culture that is believed to be a depiction of a Fravashi. ... Categories: Literature stubs | Encyclopedias | Iran ... Persian is a language spoken in Iran, Tajikistan, Afghanistan, Uzbekistan, Bahrain, Iraq, Azerbaijan, Armenia, Georgia, Southern Russia, neighboring countries, and elsewhere. ... Gholamhossein Mosahab (غلامحسین مصاحب in Persian), (1910-1979) was the author of Mosahab Persian Encyclopedia, the only authoritative Persian encyclopedia published in Iran. ... The Columbia Encyclopedia is a one-volume encyclopedia produced by Columbia University Press and sold by the Gale Group. ... Persian is a language spoken in Iran, Tajikistan, Afghanistan, Uzbekistan, Bahrain, Iraq, Azerbaijan, Armenia, Georgia, Southern Russia, neighboring countries, and elsewhere. ... Map of Iran and surrounding lands, showing location of Tehran View from Jamaran looking southwest toward Elahiyeh, Jordan, and Shemiran districts of Tehran. ... One of the Persian encyclopaedias published in Tehran. ... Irans Academy of Persian Language and Literature (فرهنگستان زبان و ادب فارسی in Persian) is a governmental body presiding the use of the Persian language in Iran. ... Persian is a language spoken in Iran, Tajikistan, Afghanistan, Uzbekistan, Bahrain, Iraq, Azerbaijan, Armenia, Georgia, Southern Russia, neighboring countries, and elsewhere. ... Map of Iran and surrounding lands, showing location of Tehran View from Jamaran looking southwest toward Elahiyeh, Jordan, and Shemiran districts of Tehran. ... The Encyclopedia of Iranian Old Music was published in Tehran by Mehran Poor Mandan in the year 2000. ...

London

The London Encyclopaedia, first published in 1983 and revised in 1993 and 1995, is a 1007 page reference work on Englands capital city, London, with some 5,000 articles supported by two indices - one general and one listing people, each of about 10,000 entries. ... London is the capital city of England and of the United Kingdom, and is the most populous city in the European Union. ... 1983 (MCMLXXXIII) was a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

New Zealand

The Encyclopedia of New Zealand (1966) was the first major encyclopedia about New Zealand to be published. ... Te Ara Encylopedia of New Zealand, is an online encylopedia created by the Ministry of Culture and Heritage of the New Zealand Government. ...

Poland

  • Encyklopedia Polski (Encyclopedia of Poland).
  • Encyklopedia powszechna PWN (PWN Universal Encyclopedia).

Encyklopedia Polski (English: Encyclopedia of Poland) is a one-volume, 808-page, lavishly illustrated, beautifully produced encyclopedia of Polish history and culture, published in 1996 by Wydawnictwo Ryszard Kluszczyński in Kraków, Poland. ...

Slovenia

Enciklopedija Slovenije is a Slovenian encyclopedia that contains topics connected to Slovenia. ...

South Asia

  • The Cambridge Encyclopedia of India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Bhutan and the Maldives: A concise encyclopedia on the Indian subcontinent.

Satellite image of the Indian subcontinent Map of South Asia (see note) The Indian subcontinent is a peninsular landmass of the Asian continent occupying the Indian Plate and extending into the Indian Ocean, bordered on the north by the Eurasian Plate. ...

United States

The Handbook of Texas (ISBN 0-87611-151-7) is a comprehensive encyclopedia of Texas geography, history, and historical persons published jointly by the Texas State Historical Association (TSHA) and the General Libraries at the University of Texas at Austin. ...

Subject

Philosophy

  • The Encyclopedia of Philosophy, edited by Paul Edwards.
  • Encyclopédie philosophique universelle, published by Presses Universitaires de France.

Music

  • Enciclopedia della musica, 2001-2005, edited by Jean-Jacques Nattiez, in 5 volumes. Collection of in-depth essays rather than brief, dictionary-like entries.

Fiction (or fictional)

In The Analytical Language of John Wilkins (El idioma analítico de John Wilkins), Jorge Luis Borges describes a certain Chinese encyclopedia, the Celestial Emporium of Benevolent Knowledge, in which it is written that animals are divided into: those that belong to the Emperor, embalmed ones, those that are trained... Jorge Luis Borges (born August 24, 1899 in Buenos Aires, Argentina; died June 14, 1986 in Geneva, Switzerland) was an Argentine writer who is considered one of the foremost literary figures of the 20th century. ... The Encyclopedia Galactica is a fictional or hypothetical encyclopedia of a future galaxy-spanning civilization, containing all the knowledge accumulated by a society with trillions of people and thousands of years of history. ... Dr. Isaac Asimov (c. ... Psychohistorian: Hari Seldon Foundation is the first book in Isaac Asimovs Foundation Trilogy (later expanded into The Foundation Series). ... Second Foundation (1953), 1973 Panther paperback edition. ... The cover of the first novel in the Hitchhikers series, from a late 1990s printing. ... Cover of The Rocklopedia Fakebandica (2004, Thomas Dunne Books, St. ... The Star Trek Encyclopedia: A Reference Guide to the Future is an encyclopedia of all things related to Star Trek. ...

History and biography

Appletons Cyclopedia of American Biography is a six-volume collection of biographies of famous Americans, published between 1887 and 1889. ... Generally, a battle is an instance of combat in warfare between two or more parties wherein each group will seek to defeat the others. ... The United States detonated an atomic bomb over Nagasaki on August 9, 1945. ... The Encyclopedia of World History is a classic single volume work detailing world history. ... Encyklopedia Polski (English: Encyclopedia of Poland) is a one-volume, 808-page, lavishly illustrated, beautifully produced encyclopedia of Polish history and culture, published in 1996 by Wydawnictwo Ryszard KluszczyÅ„ski in Kraków, Poland. ... Harpers Encyclopædia of United States History was published by Harper & Brothers in 1901 and 1905. ... The Historical Dictionary of Switzerland is a project to develop an encyclopedia on the history of Switzerland started in 1988. ... The Oxford Classical Dictionary (OCD) is the standard one-volume encyclopedia in English of everything relating to ancient Greece and Rome. ... Polski sÅ‚ownik biograficzny (PSB; English: Polish Biographical Dictionary) is a Polish-language biographical dictionary, comprising an alphabetically arranged compilation of authoritative biographies of, currently, some 25,000 notable Poles and foreigners who have been active in Poland — famous as well as less well-known persons, from Popiel, Piast Ko... 1935 (MCMXXXV) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will take you to calendar). ... Pauly-Wissowa is the name commonly used for the Realencyclopädie der classischen Altertumswissenschaft, 1894ff, a German encyclopedia of classical scholarship. ...

Judaism

The Encyclopaedia Judaica is a 26-volume English-language encyclopedia of the Jewish people and their faith, Judaism. ... The Jewish Encyclopedia was an encyclopedia originally published between 1901