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This list provides an alphabetical index of articles on finance related topics. A topical List of finance topics is also available, which seeks to categorize articles. What follows is a list of over 250 Wikipedia articles on finance topics. ...
Contents: Top - 0–9 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
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The 401(k) plan is a type of retirement plan available in the United States. ...
A 403(b) plan is a tax advantaged retirement savings plan available for non-profit employers in the United States. ...
The 457 plan is a type of tax advantaged defined contribution retirement plan that is available for governmental and certain non governmental employers in the United States. ...
A 529 plan is a savings plan in the United States designed to give tax advantages to encourage savings for future higher education costs. ...
A Accountancy (British English) or accounting (American English) is measurement, disclosure or provision of assurance about information that helps managers and other decision makers make resource allocation decisions. ...
An accrual bond is a fixed-interest bond that is issued at its face value and repaid at the end of the maturity period together with the accrued interest. ...
An activist shareholder is one who uses an equity stake in a corporation not simply as an item within a portfolio but as an opportunity to redefine and redirect the management of that corporation. ...
Actuarial science applies mathematical and statistical methods to finance and insurance, particularly to the assessment of risk. ...
Aftermarket (automotive), the term aftermarket can refer to the addition of non-factory parts, accessories and upgrades to a motor vehicle. ...
This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ...
The style or family of a financial option is a general term denoting the class into which the option falls, usually defined by the manner in which the option may be exercised. ...
Angel Investors (or simply Angels) are affluent individuals who provide capital for business start-ups, usually in exchange for an equity stake. ...
The term annuity, in current use in the insurance industry, refers to two very different types of legal contracts with very different purposes. ...
The term annuity, in current use in the insurance industry, refers to two very different types of legal contracts with very different purposes. ...
Anonymous banking is where the banks of certain countries are used for holding currency, based on the voluntary or statutory level of secrecy the banks provide. ...
In economics, arbitrage is the practice of taking advantage of a state of imbalance between two (or possibly more) markets: a combination of matching deals are struck that exploit the imbalance, the profit being the difference between the market prices. ...
In economics, arbitrage is the practice of taking advantage of a state of imbalance between two (or possibly more) markets: a combination of matching deals are struck that exploit the imbalance, the profit being the difference between the market prices. ...
Arbitrage pricing theory (APT) holds that the expected return of a financial asset can be modelled as a linear function of various macro-economic factors, where sensitivity to changes in each factor is represented by a factor specific beta coefficient. ...
In econometrics, an autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (ARCH) model considers the variance of the current error term to be a function of the variances of the previous time periods error terms. ...
The Asian financial crisis was a financial crisis that started in July 1997 in Thailand, and affected currencies, stock markets, and other asset prices of several Asian countries, many part of the East Asian Tigers. ...
The style or family of a financial option is a general term denoting the class into which the option falls, usually defined by the manner in which the option may be exercised. ...
The capital asset pricing model (CAPM) is used in finance to determine a theoretically appropriate price of an asset such as a security. ...
The capital asset pricing model (CAPM) is used in finance to determine a theoretically appropriate price of an asset such as a security. ...
In finance, moneyness is a measure of the degree to which a derivative security is likely to have positive monetary value at its expiration. ...
Basic definition Audit is the examination of records and reports of a company, in order to check that what is provided is relevant and accurate. ...
Auto insurance (or car insurance, motor insurance) is insurance consumers can purchase for cars, trucks, and other vehicles. ...
Outdoor ATMs may be free-standing, like this kiosk, or built into the side of banks or other buildings For other uses of ATM, see ATM. An automatic teller machine or automated teller machine (ATM) is an electronic device that allows a banks customers to make cash withdrawals and...
In statistics, autoregressive moving average (ARMA) models, sometimes called Box-Jenkins models after George Box and F. M. Jenkins, are typically applied to time series data. ...
B In formal bookkeeping and accounting, a balance sheet is a statement of the financial value (or worth) of a business or other organisation (or person) at a particular date, usually at the end of its fiscal year, as distinct from a profit and loss statement (P&L, also known as...
This page is a candidate for speedy deletion. ...
The essential function of a bank is to provide services related to the storing of deposits and the extending of credit. ...
A banking license is a prerequisite for a financial institution that wants to provide banking services. ...
A £20 Ulster Bank banknote. ...
LIBOR stands for the London Interbank Offered Rate and is the rate of interest at which banks borrow funds from other banks in the London wholesale (or interbank) money market. ...
A Bear Market is a phase in the life of a stock market or other financial market in which the value of most listed shares of stock fall consistently, or values in a financial market trend downward, as reflected by a downward movement of one or more key stock indexes...
In investing, a bear market rally is a temporary increase in price of a type of asset during a bear market. ...
Bank of Sweden Prize in Economic Sciences winner Daniel Kahneman, was an important figure in the development of behavioral finance and economics and continues to write extensively in the field. ...
The style or family of a financial option is a general term denoting the class into which the option falls, usually defined by the manner in which the option may be exercised. ...
A binary option is a type of option where the payoff is either some fixed amount of some asset or nothing at all. ...
In finance, the binomial options model provides a generalisable numerical method for the valuation of options. ...
The Black model (sometimes known as the Black-76 model) is a variant the Black-Scholes option pricing model. ...
Dow Jones (19 July 1987 through 19 January 1988) FTSE 100 Index (19 July 1987 through 19 January 1988) Black Monday is the name ascribed to Monday October 19, 1987. ...
The Black-Scholes model, often simply called Black-Scholes, is a model of the varying price over time of financial instruments, and in particular stocks. ...
Boiler insurance is a type of property insurance that pays accidental losses to machinery and equipment. ...
For alternate meanings, such as chemical bond, see Bond (disambiguation). ...
In economics and finance, bond duration is the weighted average maturity of a bond or series of cash flows received. ...
In finance, convexity is a measure of the sensitivity of the price of a bond to changes in interest rates. ...
The bond market refers to people and entities involved in buying and selling of bonds and the quantity and prices of those transactions over time. ...
A bond option is similar to a stock option with the difference that the underlying asset is a bond. ...
A bull market is a financial market where prices of instruments (e. ...
A business plan is a summary of how a business owner, manager, or entrepreneur intends to organize an entrepreneurial endeavor and implement activities necessary and sufficient for the venture to succeed. ...
A business valuation determines the price that a hypothetical buyer would pay for a business under a given set of circumstances. ...
C A call option is a financial contract between two parties, the buyer and the seller of this type of option. ...
Capital has a number of related meanings in economics, finance and accounting. ...
The capital asset pricing model (CAPM) is used in finance to determine a theoretically appropriate price of an asset such as a security. ...
Corporate Finance is a specific area of finance dealing with the financial decisions corporations make and the tools as well as analyses used to make these decisions. ...
The capital market is the market for long-term loans and equity capital. ...
Cash usually refers to money in the form of currency, such as bills or coins. ...
Cash conversion cycle, also known as asset conversion cycle, net operating cycle or just cash cycle, is a ratio used in the financial analysis of a business. ...
In finance, cash flow refers to the amounts of cash being received and spent by a business during a defined period of time, sometimes tied to a specific project. ...
This article is a substub, the first step on the way to becoming a full article. ...
A cash flow statement is a financial report that shows incoming and outgoing money during a particular period (often monthly or quarterly). ...
Casualty insurance is a broad category of insurance that includes almost any coverage that is not related to life, health, or property. ...
The Certified Financial Planner (CFP) and certification marks are financial planning credentials awarded by the Certified Financial Planner Board of Standards Inc. ...
This article needs to be wikified. ...
The Chartered Financial Analyst is a designation for people working in the investment industry. ...
A closed-end fund is a mutual fund with a constant number of shares. ...
The following explains the Closing Milestones of the Dow Jones Industrial Average, the most well known economic barometer in the world. ...
1¢ euro coin A coin is usually a piece of hard material, generally metal and usually in the shape of a disc, which is used as a form of money. ...
A cash flow collateralized debt obligation, or cash flow CDO, is a structured finance product that typically securitizes a diversified pool of debt assets. ...
The word commodity is a term with distinct meanings in business and in Marxian political economy. ...
The Commodity Futures Trading Commission (CFTC) is an independent agency of the United States Government, created by Congress in 1974. ...
Chicago Board of Trade Commodity market Commodity markets are markets where raw or primary products are exchanged. ...
Common stock, also referred to as common shares, are, as the name implies, the most usual and commonly held form of stock in a corporation. ...
A convertible bond is type of bond that can be converted into shares of stock in the issuing company, usually at some pre-announced ratio. ...
In finance, convexity is a measure of the sensitivity of the price of a bond to changes in interest rates. ...
A corporate action is an action taken by a public company that has a direct effect on the holdings of its shareholders. ...
Corporate Finance is a specific area of finance dealing with the financial decisions corporations make and the tools as well as analyses used to make these decisions. ...
Corporate governance is the method by which a corporation is directed, administered or controlled. ...
A corporate raid is a business term, sometimes also referred to as breaking a company. ...
In stock market terminology, a correction is a short-term reduction in stock market price or activity. ...
The cost of capital for a firm is a weighted sum of the cost of equity and the cost of debt (see corporate finance#the financing decision). ...
A counterfeit is an imitation that is made with the intent to deceptively represent its content or origins. ...
Credit cards A credit card system is a type of retail transaction settlement and credit system, named after the small plastic card issued to users of the system. ...
In finance, a default option or credit default option is a put option that makes a payoff in the event the issuer of a specified reference asset defaults. ...
The credit default swap (CDS) is the most widely used credit derivative. ...
A Credit Derivative is a contract (derivative security) to transfer the risk of the total return on a credit asset falling below an agreed level, without transfer of the underlying asset. ...
Credit Insurance is an insurance policy associated with a specific loan or line of credit which pays back some or all of any monies owed should certain things happen to the borrower, such as death, disability, or unemployment. ...
A credit rating agency is a company that rates the ability of a person or company to pay back a loan. ...
Credit repair is a general term often applied to the controversial practice of improving or rehabilitating ones financial reputation (creditworthiness) among creditors. ...
Creditary economics is a broad and inclusive term for all theories of economics and political economy that drastically de-emphasize or deny altogether a role for debt and assumptions of fixed yield for such financial capital instruments. ...
Crowding out can refer to: Crowding out (biology) Crowding out (economics) This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ...
In economics, a monetary union is a situation where several countries have agreed to share a single currency among them, for example, the East Caribbean Dollar. ...
D Day trading most commonly refers to the practice of either buying and then selling or selling and then buying a stock within the same day. ...
A debenture in finance, is a long term debt instrument used by governments and large companies to obtain funds. ...
This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ...
Debt is that which is owed. ...
Debt consolidation entails taking out one loan to pay off many others. ...
In finance, default is what occurs when a party is unwilling or unable to pay their debt obligations. ...
Main article deposit (bank) A deposit is a specific sum of money taken and held on account, by a bank as a service provided for its clients. ...
In finance, a derivative security is a contract that specifies the rights and obligations between the issuer of the security and the holder to receive or deliver future cash flows (or exchange of other securities or assets) based on some future event. ...
A derivatives market is any market for a derivative security, that is a contract which specifies the right or obligation to receive or deliver future cash flows based on some future event such as the price of an independent security or the performance of an index. ...
Financial mathematics is the branch of applied mathematics concerned with the financial markets. ...
In finance, discounting is the process of finding the current value of an amount of cash at some future date, and along with compounding cash form the basis of time value of money calculations. ...
In finance, a discounted cash flow is the value of a net cash flow (cash inflows less cash outflows) adjusted for the time value of money. ...
In finance, discounting is the process of finding the current value of an amount of cash at some future date, and along with compounding cash form the basis of time value of money calculations. ...
A dividend is the distribution of profits to a companys shareholders. ...
Corporate Finance is a specific area of finance dealing with the financial decisions corporations make and the tools as well as analyses used to make these decisions. ...
The dividend tax is the tax on corporate dividends. ...
The dividend yield on a company stock is the companys annual dividend payments divided by its market cap, or the dividend per share divided by the price per share. ...
The Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJIA) is one of several stock market indices created by Wall Street Journal editor and Dow Jones & Company founder Charles Dow. ...
Dow Theory is a theory about how to build wealth given the nature of movements of the US stock market. ...
In economics and finance, bond duration is the weighted average maturity of a bond or series of cash flows received. ...
E Earthquake insurance is a form of property insurance that pays the policyholder in the event of an earthquake that causes damage to the property. ...
Accumulated GDP growth for various countries. ...
Economic Value Added (EVAâ„¢) is often defined as the value of an activity that is left over after subtracting from it the cost of executing that activity and the cost of having lost the opportunity of investing consumed resources in an alternative activity. ...
An, Education Savings Account also known as a Coverdell Education Savings account, an ESA, or a Coverdell account, is a tax advantaged investment account in the United States designed to encourage savings to cover future college education expenses. ...
In contrast to a nominal interest rate, the period of time after that the interest is credited coincides with the basic time unit (normally one year). ...
In finance, the efficient market hypothesis (EMH) asserts that stock prices are determined by a discounting process such that they equal the discounted value (present value) of expected future cash flows. ...
The Elliott wave theory is the basis of a technical analysis technique for predicting the behavior of the stock market, invented by R. N. Elliott in 1939. ...
Employee stock options are stock options for the companys own stock that are often offered to upper-level employees as part of the executive compensation package, especially by American corporations. ...
The 1979 (or second) energy crisis occurred in the wake of the Iranian Revolution. ...
Look up Entrepreneur in Wiktionary, the free dictionary Entrepreneur is a loanword from the French language that refers to a person who undertakes and operates a new venture, and assumes some accountability for the inherent risks. ...
The field of environmental finance, part of both environmental economics and the conservation movement, exploits various financial instruments (most notably land trusts) to protect biodiversity. ...
Equity derivatives are financial derivative products whose value is dependent on the value of an underlying share or group of shares. ...
Equity investment generally refers to the buying and holding of shares of stock on a stock market by individuals and funds in anticipation of income from dividends and capital gain as the value of the stock rises. ...
The style or family of a financial option is a general term denoting the class into which the option falls, usually defined by the manner in which the option may be exercised. ...
Look up Excel on Wiktionary, the free dictionary Microsoft Excel, a spreadsheet application produced by Microsoft Corporation Excel, Alabama Hyundai Excel, a car also called Hyundai Pony in some markets (Europe) Hyundai Excel, the name of the X3 version of Hyundai Accent in some markets (Australia) A brand of chewing...
An interest rate derivate is a derivative security where the underlying asset is the right to pay or receive a (usually notional) amount of money at a given interest rate. ...
In finance, an exotic option is a derivative security which has features making it more complex than commonly traded products (vanilla options). ...
F Definition Fair value, also called fair price, is a concept used in finance and economics. ...
The Federal Reserve System is headquartered in the Eccles Building on Constitution Avenue in Washington, DC. The Federal Reserve System (also the Federal Reserve; informally The Fed) is the central banking system of the United States. ...
Feminist economics broadly refers to a developing branch of economics that applies feminist insights and critiques to mainstream economics. ...
Finance studies and addresses the ways in which individuals, businesses and organizations raise, allocate and use monetary resources over time, taking into account the risks entailed in their projects. ...
Finance Software is computer software designed to analyze data within finance. ...
Financial accountancy (or financial accounting) is the branch of accountancy concerned with the preparation of financial statements for external decision makers, such as stockholders, suppliers, banks and government agencies. ...
Financial capital, or economic capital, is any liquid medium or mechanism that represents wealth, or other styles of capital. ...
Financial economics is the branch of economics concerned with the workings of financial markets, such as the stock market, and the financing of companies. ...
Financial engineering is the process of employing mathematical finance and computer modeling skills to make pricing, hedging, trading and portfolio management decisions. ...
A financial future is a futures contract on a short term interest rate (STIR). ...
A financial future is a futures contract on a short term interest rate (STIR). ...
A financial institution acts as an agent that provides financial services for its clients. ...
Financial market is a broad market where buyers and sellers to exchange various types of financial securities or products that comprise financial securities. ...
Financial mathematics is the branch of applied mathematics concerned with the financial markets. ...
What follows is a list of over 250 Wikipedia articles on finance topics. ...
Financial statements (or financial reports) are a record of a business financial flows and levels. ...
Financial statements (or financial reports) are a record of a business financial flows and levels. ...
Financial supervision is government supervision of financial institutions by regulators. ...
Corporate Finance is a specific area of finance dealing with the financial decisions corporations make and the tools as well as analyses used to make these decisions. ...
NOTE: this is not Fishers equation in differential equations The Fisher equation in financial mathematics estimates the relationship between nominal and real interest rates under inflation. ...
The Fisher separation theorem in economics asserts that the objective of a firm will be the maximization of its present value, regardless of the preferences of its owners. ...
Fixed income refers to any type of investment that yields a regular (fixed) payment. ...
Foreign direct investment (FDI) is the movement of capital across national frontiers in a manner that grants the investor control over the acquired asset. ...
In finance, a foreign exchange option (commonly shortened to just fx option) is a derivative security where the owner has the right but not the obligation to exchange money denominated in one currency into another currency at pre-agreed exchange rate on a specified date. ...
A forward contract is an agreement between two parties to buy or sell an asset (which can be of any kind) at a pre-agreed future point in time. ...
This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ...
In economics, particularly in financial economics, fractional-reserve banking is the near-universal practice of banks of retaining only a fraction of their deposits and notes as reserves to satisfy demands for withdrawals, investing the remainder at interest to obtain income that can be used to pay interest to depositors...
A free market is an idealized market, where all economic decisions and actions by individuals regarding transfer of money, goods, and services are voluntary, and are therefore devoid of coercion and theft (some definitions of coercion are inclusive of theft). Colloquially and loosely, a free market economy is an economy...
Institutional fund management is fund management conducted by large financial firms such as banks, insurance companies and major investment organisations (e. ...
Fundamental analysis is a stock valuation method that uses financial analysis to predict price movement (compare to technical analysis). ...
Profitability; 2004 2003 Net profit 32,194 28,316 After tax interest costs 10,761 9,460 Total 42,955 37 ,776 Sales 198,633 193,199 Ratio 0. ...
Funding or financing is to provide capital (funds), which means money for a project, a person, a business or any other private or public institution. ...
Fungibility is the degree to which all instances of a given commodity are considered interchangeable. ...
Future value measures what money is worth at a specified time in the future. ...
A futures contract is a form of forward contract, a contract to buy or sell an asset of any kind at a pre-agreed future point in time, that has been standardised for a wide range of uses. ...
A futures contract is a form of forward contract, a contract to buy or sell an asset of any kind at a pre-agreed future point in time, that has been standardised for a wide range of uses. ...
A futures contract is a form of forward contract, a contract to buy or sell an asset of any kind at a pre-agreed future point in time, that has been standardised for a wide range of uses. ...
This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ...
G Gap Financing is a term mostly associated with mortgage or property loans. ...
In econometrics, an autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (ARCH) model considers the variance of the current error term to be a function of the variances of the previous time periods error terms. ...
Two separate laws are known as the Glass-Steagall Act. ...
The Gramm-Leach-Bliley Financial Services Modernization Act of 1999 repealed the Glass-Steagall Act opening up competition among banks, securities companies and insurance companies. ...
This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ...
Green economics loosely defines a theory of economics by which an economy is considered to be component of the ecosystem in which it resides. ...
In mathematical finance, the Greeks are the quantities representing the market sensitivities of options or other derivatives, with each measuring a different aspect of the risk in an option position, and corresponding to the set of parameters on which the value of an instrument or portfolio of financial instruments is...
Growth Stocks in finance, are stocks that appreciate in value and yield a high return on equity (ROE). ...
H - Health insurance
- hedge
- Hedge fund
- hedger
- Hedging
- Historical volatility
- Home insurance
Health insurance is a type of insurance whereby the insurer pays the medical costs of the insured if the insured becomes sick due to covered causes, or due to accidents. ...
There are other meanings of the word hedge. ...
The term hedge fund dates back to the first such fund founded by Alfred Winslow Jones in 1949. ...
It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with hedge (finance). ...
Hedging is a strategy, usually some form of transaction, designed to minimise exposure to an unwanted business risk. ...
Volatility is the standard deviation of the change in value of a financial instrument with a specific time horizon. ...
Home insurance, or homeowners insurance, is an insurance policy that combines insurance on the home, its contents, loss of use (additional living expenses) and, often, the other personal possessions of the homeowner, as well as liability insurance for accidents that may happen at the home. ...
I In financial mathematics, the implied volatility of a financial instrument is the volatility implied by the market price of a derivative security based on a theoretical pricing model. ...
Income per share is the bottom line net income divided by the number of shares outstanding. ...
Also called Profit and Loss Account or in reference to charitable organizations Income and Expenditure Account. ...
An index fund or index tracker is a type of passively managed mutual fund that seeks to track the performance of a benchmark market index such as the S&P 500. ...
Index investing, also called indexing, is a method of passive investing whereby a fund (or individual) buys the same stocks in the same proportions as in a target index. ...
An Individual Retirement Account or IRA is a retirement plan account that provides some tax advantages for saving for retirement in the United States. ...
An industrial policy is any government regulation or law that encourages the ongoing operation of, or investment in, a particular industry. ...
In financial markets, an initial public offering (IPO) is the first sale of a companys common shares to public investors. ...
There are two kinds of trading that are referred to as insider trading: Trading of a security of a company (, shares or options) based on material nonpublic information. ...
An insurable risk is a risk that meets the ideal criteria for efficient insurance. ...
Insurance, in law and economics, is a form of risk management primarily used to hedge against the risk of potential financial loss. ...
Insurance, in law and economics, is a form of risk management primarily used to hedge against the risk of potential financial loss. ...
An Insurance contract determines the legal framework under which the features of an insurance policy are enforced. ...
In finance, interest has three general definitions. ...
An interest rate is the rental price of money. ...
In accounting and finance, the accrual basis of an interest calculation is a convention whereby an interest amount is calculated from the principal, expressed in units of a specified currency, and a percentage, and an agreed start and end date. ...
Interest rate cap An interest rate cap is a series of European call options or caplets on a specified interest rate, usually the LIBOR interest rate. ...
Interest rate cap An interest rate cap is a series of European call options or caplets on a specified interest rate, usually the LIBOR interest rate. ...
An interest rate derivate is a derivative security where the underlying asset is the right to pay or receive a (usually notional) amount of money at a given interest rate. ...
In the field of derivatives trading, a popular form of swap is the interest rate swap, in which one party exchanges a stream of interest for another stream. ...
The internal rate of return (IRR) is defined as the discount rate that gives a net present value (NPV) of zero. ...
ISO 4217 is an international standard describing three letter codes to define the names of currencies established by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). ...
The International Monetary Market (IMM), largely the creation of Leo Melamed, is part of the Chicago Mercantile Exchange (CME), the largest futures exchange in the United States and the second largest exchange in the world for the trading of futures and options on futures. ...
International Swaps & Derivatives Association is a trade association, headquartered in New York, that represents participants in the privately-negotiated derivative securities industry. ...
In finance, moneyness is a measure of the degree to which a derivative security is likely to have positive monetary value at its expiration. ...
Investment is a term with several closely-related meanings in finance and economics. ...
Investment banks assist public and private corporations in raising funds in the Capital Markets (both equity and debt), as well as in providing strategic advisory services for mergers, acquisitions and other types of financial transactions. ...
Corporate Finance is a specific area of finance dealing with the financial decisions corporations make and the tools as well as analyses used to make these decisions. ...
This article or section should be merged with Islamic Banking Islamic banking refers to a system of banking which is consistent with Islamic law and guided by Islamic economics. ...
Islamic economics is economics in accordance with Islamic law. ...
J High yield debt (non-investment grade or junk bond) is a business term referring to a corporate debt instrument, usually a bond, that has a higher yield (compared to investment grade debt) because of a high perceived credit risk (default risk). ...
K
L Leverage is using given resources in such a way that the potential positive or negative outcome is magnified. ...
A leveraged buyout (or LBO, or highly-leveraged transaction (HLT), or bootstrap transaction) occurs when a financial sponsor gains control of a majority of a target companys equity through the use of borrowed money or debt. ...
Overview of Liability Insurance Liability insurance is intended to indemnify an insured for damage claims brought by third parties as a result of some action of the insured. ...
LIBOR stands for the London Interbank Offered Rate and is a daily reference rate based on the interest rates at which banks offer to lend unsecured funds to other banks in the London wholesale (or interbank) money market. ...
It has been suggested that Life assurance be merged into this article or section. ...
Life insurance proceeds are not taxable in many jurisdictions. ...
Market liquidity is a business or economics term that refers to the ability to quickly buy or sell a particular item without causing a significant movement in the price. ...
This is a list of topics which are relevant to Accountancy. ...
This is a list of banks throughout the world. ...
The following is a limited list of mutual-fund families. ...
// North America Bahamas Bahamas Securities Exchange Barbados Barbados Stock Exchange (BSE) Bermuda Bermuda Stock Exchange (BSX) Canada Alberta Stock Exchange (ASE) Bourse de Montréal/Montreal Stock Exchange Canadian Venture Exchange Montreal Curb Market/Canadian Stock Exchange Nasdaq Canada Toronto Stock Exchange (TSE), TSX is the main index of TSE...
Commonly used stock market indices include: // National indexes Equity indices ordered by nationality of companies (in alphabetical order). ...
Foodstuffs Fuels Precious metals Metals Rare metals Other Source This list is partly adapted from [8] (Consumerium) under the clauses of GFDL External links NYMEX.com London Metal Exchange Euronext - Commodities > Commodities Chicago Board of Trade ...
A loan is a type of debt. ...
The Long Depression was a economic depression that affected much of the world from the early 1870s until the mid-1890s. ...
Long-term care insurance, an insurance product sold through a licensed insurance agent (one who represents the insurance company) or an insurance broker (one who represents the policyowner) in the United States, helps provide for the cost of long-term care beyond a pre-determined period. ...
Long-Term Capital Management was a hedge fund company founded by John Meriwether (a former bond trader at Salomon Brothers bank) in 1994 and with Nobel Prize winners Myron Scholes and Robert Merton on the board. ...
M Maintenance margin is the minimum amount of equity that must be maintained in a margin account to ensure against default, i. ...
It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Cost accounting. ...
Managerial economics (also called business economics), is a branch of economics that applies microeconomic analysis to specific business decisions. ...
Managerial Finance is that branch of finance that provide tools for a companies financial managers. ...
A margin account is a brokerage account that can hold both deposited cash and securities, and also allows for borrowing funds from the broker dealer to purchase additional securities with. ...
A margin call is the demand, in a margin account, for additional funds, additional money or securities, to be deposited into the account. ...
In economics, mark to market is the act of assigning a value to a position held in a tradeable financial instrument based on the current market price for that instrument. ...
Market capitalization, often abbreviated to market cap, is a business term that refers to the overall value of a companys stock. ...
In financial markets, market impact is the effect that a market participant has when it buys or sells an asset. ...
A market maker is a person or a firm which quotes a buy and sell price in a financial instrument or commodity hoping to make a profit on the turn or the spread (i. ...
Mathematical economics is the sub-field of economics that explores the mathematical aspects of economic systems. ...
MATLAB refers to both the numerical computing environment and to its core programming language. ...
A medium of exchange is an intermediary used in trade to avoid the inconveniences of a pure barter system. ...
A merchant bank is a United Kingdom term for an Investment Bank. ...
The phrase mergers and acquisitions or M&A refers to the aspect of corporate finance strategy and management dealing with the merging and acquiring of different companies as well as other assets. ...
Capital Market Line Modern portfolio theory (MPT) proposes how rational investors will use diversification to optimize their portfolios, and how an asset should be priced given its risk relative to the market as a whole. ...
The Modigliani-Miller theorem (of Franco Modigliani and Merton Miller) forms the basis for modern thinking on capital structure. ...
Monetary Reform is accounting reform that reaches more deeply into banking central bank, money supply and monetary policy. ...
Money Money is any marketable good or token used by a society as a store of value, a medium of exchange, and a unit of account. ...
The money market is a general term for the markets in which banks lend to and borrow from each other, trade financial instruments such as Certificates of Deposit (CDs) or enter agreements such as Repos and Reverses. ...
In finance, moneyness is a measure of the degree to which a derivative security is likely to have positive monetary value at its expiration. ...
A mortgage (literal translation: death pledge) is a device developed in the common law world, whereby the ownership of property is passed from one person -- the mortgagor -- to another -- the mortgagee in return for the loan of money. ...
Municipal bonds or munis in the United States are debt securities issued by municipal government agencies. ...
The Municipal Securities Rulemaking Board, often referred to simply as the MSRB makes rules regulating dealers who deal in municipal bonds, municipal notes, and other municipal securities. ...
A mutual fund (aka managed fund) enables investors to pool their money and place it under professional investment management. ...
N NASDAQ MarketSite (Times Square, New York City) at night NASDAQ (originally an acronym for National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotations) is a U.S. electronic stock exchange. ...
NASD executive office on K Street in downtown Washington, D.C. The National Association of Securities Dealers, also known as the NASD, is the regulatory body primarily responsible for the regulation of persons involved in the securities industry in the United States. ...
Net present value is a form of calculating discounted cash flow. ...
This is one of the greatest misnomers in economics. ...
A non-bank or a non-bank bank, is a financial institution that provides banking services without meeting the legal definition of a bank, i. ...
O An offshore bank is a bank located outside the country of residence of the depositor, typically in a low tax jurisdiction that provides financial and legal advantages. ...
An Energy Crisis is any great shortfall (or price rise) in the supply of energy to an economy. ...
An Open-End Fund is a mutual fund which can issue and redeem shares at any time. ...
The style or family of a financial option is a general term denoting the class into which the option falls, usually defined by the dates on which the option may be exercised. ...
Conceptually, the value of an option consists of two components, its intrinsic value and its time value. ...
It has been suggested that option pricing be merged into this article or section. ...
A futures contract is a form of forward contract, a contract to buy or sell an asset of any kind at a pre-agreed future point in time, that has been standardised for a wide range of uses. ...
P In finance, the PE ratio of a stock (also called its earnings multiple, just multiple, or P/E) is calculated as: The price per share (numerator) is the market price of a single share of the stock. ...
The Panic of 1837 was an economic depression, one of the sharpest financial crises in the history of the United States. ...
Passive management is a financial strategy in which a fund manager makes as few portfolio decisions as possible, in order to minimise transaction costs, including the incidence of capital gains tax. ...
A pension (also known as superannuation) is a retirement plan intended to provide a person with a secure income for life. ...
A pension (also known as superannuation) is a retirement plan intended to provide a person with a secure income for life. ...
Permanent life insurance is a form of life insurance such as whole life or endowment, where the policy is for the life of the insured, the payout is assured at the end of the policy (assuming the policy is kept current) and the policy accrues cash value. ...
A perpetuity is an annuity in which the periodic payments begin on a fixed date and continue indefinitely. ...
Personal finance is the application of the principles of financial economics to an individuals (or a familys) financial decisions. ...
Political risk insurance can be taken out by businesses, of any size, having operations in countries in which there is a risk that revolution or other political conditions will result in a loss. ...
A Ponzi scheme is a fraudulent investment operation that involves paying returns to investors out of the money raised from subsequent investors, rather than from profits generated by any real business. ...
// Finance Main article portfolio (finance) In finance, a portfolio is a collection of investments held by an institution or a private individual. ...
In lending, pre-approval has two meanings: 1. ...
A preferred stock, also known as a preferred share or simply a preferred, is a share of stock carrying additional rights above and beyond those conferred by common stock. ...
Pre-qualification is a term of art in retail finance, and means that a loan officer has taken some information from the borrower, and made a tentative decision, but not verified any of it. ...
The present value of a future cash flow is the nominal amount of money to change hands at some future date, discounted to account for the time value of money. ...
The primary market is the financial market for the initial issue and placement of securities. ...
Private banking is a term which covers both of the services which banks give to individuals usually with liquid wealth of above 1 million dollars, and also the division of that entity which does checking, savings, and loans for that clientele. ...
Private equity is a broad term that refers to any type of equity investment in an asset in which the equity is not freely tradable on a public stock market. ...
Property insurance provides protection against risks to property, such as fire, theft or weather damage. ...
Public finance (government finance) is the field of economics that deals with budgeting the revenues and expenditures of a public sector entity, usually government. ...
A put option (sometimes simply called a put) is a financial contract between two parties, the buyer and the seller of the option. ...
In financial mathematics, put-call parity defines a relationship between the price of a European call option and a European put option - both with the identical strike price and expiry. ...
Q Quantitative Analysis Software is a relatively new method of investing which uses computerized Artificial Intelligence algorithms to make decisions on the buying or selling of stocks, bonds, or other financial assets. ...
The style or family of a financial option is a general term denoting the class into which the option falls, usually defined by the manner in which the option may be exercised. ...
R Railway mania was the term given to the speculative frenzy in Britain in the 1840s. ...
Rational pricing is the assumption in financial economics that asset prices (and hence asset pricing models) will reflect the arbitrage-free price of the asset as any deviation from this price will be arbitraged away. This assumption is useful in pricing fixed income securities, particularly bonds, and is fundamental to...
A real option is the right, but not the obligation, to undertake some business decision, typically the option to make a capital investment. ...
A reference rate is any publicly available quoted number or value that is used by the parties to a financial contract. ...
Reinsurance refers to a situation where insurance companies protect (insure) themselves against losses they may incur in the course of insurance business. ...
Repurchase agreements (RP or Repo), are financial instruments used in the money markets. ...
Reset also known as fixing is a generic concept in the financial market, meaning the determination and recording of a reference rate, usually in order to calculate the settlement value of a periodic payment schedule between two parties. ...
Retirement is the status of a worker who has stopped working. ...
A retirement plan is an arrangement to provide people with an income, or pension, during retirement, when they are no longer earning a steady income from employment. ...
return on assets = (net profit margin) / (total asset turnover) net profit / total assets = (sales/total assets) (net profits/sales) See also Return on capital External links Return On Assets - ROA Categories: Finance ...
Return on Capital, also known as Return On Invested Capital (ROIC) is defined as NOPLAT / Invested Capital usually expressed as a percentage. ...
Return on common Equity (ROE, Return on average common equity) - earnings before extraordinary items, less preferred-share dividends, divided by average common shareholders equity. ...
In finance, the return on investment (ROI) or just return is a calculation used to determine whether a proposed investment is wise, and how well it will repay the investor. ...
Risk is the potential harm that may arise from some present process or from some future event. ...
The risk-free interest rate is the interest rate that it is assumed can be obtained by investing in financial instruments with no risk. ...
Generally, risk management is the process of measuring, or assessing risk and then developing strategies to manage the risk. ...
In mathematical finance, a risk-neutral measure is a probability measure in which todays fair (i. ...
A Roth IRA is an individual retirement account (IRA) in the United States. ...
S Before the signing ceremony of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, President George W. Bush meets with Senator Paul Sarbanes, Secretary of Labor Elaine Chao and other dignitaries in the Blue Room at the White House July 30, 2002. ...
Scenario analysis is a process of analysing possible future events by considering alternative possible outcomes (scenarios). ...
Seasonal spread traders are spread traders that take advantage of seasonal patterns by holding long and short contracts simultaneously in the same or a related commodity markets. ...
Securities are tradeable interests representing financial value. ...
The Securities Act of 1933 has two basic objectives: require that investors receive financial and other significant information concerning securities being offered for public sale; and prohibit deceit, misrepresentations, and other fraud in the sale of securities. ...
The Securities and Exchange Commission, commonly referred to as the SEC, is the United States governing body which has primary responsibility for overseeing the regulation of the securities industry. ...
The Securities Exchange Act of 1934 was a sweeping piece of legislation in the United States regulating the participants in the financial markets. ...
Self insurance is a risk management method whereby an eligible risk is retained, but a calculated amount of money is set aside to compensate for the potential future loss. ...
SEP stands for Simplified Employee Pension Individual Retirement Account. ...
In finance, short selling is selling something that one does not (yet) own. ...
A SIMPLE IRA is a type of employer provided retirement plan in the United States. ...
For specific national programs, see Social Security (United States), National insurance (UK), Social Security (Sweden) Social security mainly refers to a field of social welfare concerned with social protection, or protection against socially recognized needs, including poverty, old age, disability, unemployment, families with children and others. ...
Hogarthian image of the South Sea Bubble by Edward Matthew Ward, Tate Gallery More well known than The South Sea Company is perhaps the South Sea Bubble (1711 - September 1720) which is the name given to the economic bubble that occurred through overheated speculation in the company shares during 1720. ...
A sovereign bond is a bond issued by a national government as opposed to a municipal bond which is issued by a subdivision of a national government. ...
Speculation involves the buying, holding, and selling of stocks, commodities, futures, currencies, collectibles, real estate, or any valuable thing to profit from fluctuations in its price as opposed to buying it for use or for income ( via dividends, rent etc). ...
In finance a spread is the difference between the price bid and the price offered on a commodity or security. ...
A standard of deferred payment is the accepted way (in a given market) to settle a debt. ...
A stock, also referred to as a share, is commonly a share of ownership in a corporation. ...
A stock broker or stockbroker or stock brokerage is someone or a firm who performs transactions in financial instruments on a stock market as an agent of his/her/its clients who are unable or unwilling to trade for themselves. ...
This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ...
The New York Stock Exchange A stock market is a market for the trading of financial instruments, which may include company stock, bonds, and other associated financial instruments (including stock options, convertibles and stock index futures). ...
A stock market bubble is a type of economic bubble taking place in stock markets, in which a wave of public enthusiasm, evolving into herd behavior, causes an exaggerated bull market . ...
Black Monday (1987) on the Dow Jones A stock market crash is a sudden dramatic loss of value of shares of stock in corporations. ...
The stock market downturn of 2002 (some say stock market crash) is the sharp drop in stock prices during 2002 in stock exchanges across the United States and Europe. ...
A stock option is a specific type of option with a stock as the underlying instrument (the security that the value of the option is based on). ...
A stock split is a type of corporate action that replaces shares in a public company with more shares in the same company at a lower price. ...
A stock swap is a business takeover in which the acquiring company uses its own stock to pay for the acquired company. ...
There are several methods used to value companies and their stocks. ...
To act as a store of value, a commodity or form of money or financial capital must be able to be reliably saved, stored, and retrieved - and be predictably useful when it is so retrieved. ...
To straddle is to sit, stand or walk with the legs spread wide. ...
The strike price, or exercise price, is a key variable in a derivatives contract between two parties. ...
A surety bond is a contract between at least three parties: (i) the principal, (ii) the obligee, and (iii) the surety. ...
Swap can refer generically to the exchanging of one thing for another. ...
A swaption is a financial instrument granting the owner an option to enter an interest rate swap. ...
Genera Many; see text. ...
T An exchange rate represents the value of one currency in another. ...
A takeover in commerce refers to one company (the acquirer) purchasing another (the target). ...
A tax is a compulsory charge or other levy imposed on an individual or a legal entity by a state or a functional equivalent of a state (e. ...
Tax advantage refers to the economic bonus which applies to certain accounts or investments that are, by statute, tax-reduced, tax-deferred, or tax-free. ...
The tax, tariff and trade laws of a political region, state or trade bloc determine which forms of consumption and production tend to be encouraged or discouraged. ...
Technical analysis or charting usually refers to methods that aim to forecast security prices in financial markets using charts or quantitative techniques. ...
Technical Analysis Software is used to analyze quantitative data, especially price data, volume data and sentiment data. ...
Term life insurance is a type of life insurance that is temporary, as it covers only a specific period of time, the relevant term. ...
This article is about yield curves as used in finance. ...
Terrorism insurance is insurance purchased by property owners to cover their potential losses and liabilities that might occur due to terrorist activities. ...
A time horizon is a fixed point of time in the future at which point certain processes will be evaluated or assumed to end. ...
The time value of money (TVM) or the present discounted value is one of the basic concepts of finance. ...
A policy of title insurance is a contract of indemnity between the insurance company and the owner of an interest in real property. ...
Total return swap, or total rate of return swap, or TRORS, a contract in which one party receives interest payments on a reference asset plus any capital gains and losses over the payment period, while the other receives a specified fixed or floating cash flow unrelated to the credit worthiness...
TradeStation software is time series software used for technical analysis in finance. ...
A traditional IRA is an individual retirement account (IRA) in the United States. ...
In finance, a treasury stock or reacquired stock is stock which is bought back by the issuing company. ...
The term tulipomania (alternatively tulip mania) is used metaphorically to refer to any large economic bubble. ...
U In finance, an underlying is an investment from which a derivative security is derived. ...
The neutrality of this article is disputed. ...
In economics, the unit of account is a unit of measurement of market value. ...
Universal Life (UL) is a type of permanent life insurance based on a cash value. ...
V Definition In economics and finance, the Value at risk, or VaR, is a measure used to estimate how the value of an asset or of a portfolio of assets will decrease over a certain time period (usually over 1 day or 10 days) under usual conditions. ...
In economics, value of Earth is the ultimate in ecosystem valuation, and important to value of life calculations. ...
FUCKING BULLSHIT!! The value of life is an economic or moral value assigned to life in general, or to specific living organisms. ...
In finance, a vanilla option is a type of derivative security. ...
Variable Universal Life Insurance (often shortened to VUL) is a type of life insurance, that builds a cash value. ...
Venture capital is a general term to describe financing for startup and early stage businesses as well as businesses in turn around situations. ...
Virtual finance is a branch of game design theory which is concerned with monetary aspects of virtual worlds, such as massively parallel multi-user games. ...
Volatility is the standard deviation of the change in value of a financial instrument with a specific time horizon. ...
The v-trend statistic of a stock is the percent change of a stocks value in a day compared to the percent change in a related indexs percent change for that day, and averaged over a certain period of days. ...
W For the protest against the Communications Decency Act, see Black World Wide Web protest. ...
A warrant is the right — but not the obligation — to buy or sell a certain quantity of an underlying instrument at an agreed-upon price. ...
Wealth usually refers to money and property. ...
The Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC) is used in finance to measure a firms cost of capital. ...
Whole life insurance provides for a set face amount (death benefit), a level premium, and a cash value table included in the policy guaranteed by the company. ...
Corporate Finance is a specific area of finance dealing with the financial decisions corporations make and the tools as well as analyses used to make these decisions. ...
X
Y The yield of a financial instrument, usually a debt or other fixed income instrument, is the amount the holder is paid each year for leaving his or her money invested in that instrument. ...
The US dollar yield curve as at 9th February 2005. ...
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