This is a list of graphical methods with a mathematical basis, by Wikipedia page. See also list of computer graphics and descriptive geometry topics.

Simple displays

• Graph paper
• Logarithmic graph paper
• Histogram
  • Bar chart
• Pie chart
• Box plot
• Graph of a function
• Plotting
• Scatterplot
• Skewplot

Set theory

• Venn diagram
• Karnaugh diagram
• Johnston diagram

Descriptive geometry

• Isometric projection
• Orthographic projection
• Perspective (graphical)

Engineering drawing

• Drafting
• Pantograph
• Circuit diagram
• Smith chart

Software design

• State diagram
• Control flow graph
• Binary decision diagram
• System context diagram

Cartography

• Map projection
• Orthographic projection (cartography)
• Robinson projection
• Stereographic projection
• Dymaxion map
• Topographic map
• Craig retroazimuthal map projection

Physical sciences

• Free body diagram
• Phase diagram
• Wavenumber-frequency diagram
• Bode plot
• Nyquist plot
• Dalitz plot

Business methods

• Flowchart
  • Workflow
• Gantt chart
• Work breakdown structure
• Control chart
• Ishikawa diagram
• Multidimensional scaling

Conceptual analysis

• Mind mapping
• Concept mapping
• Conceptual graph
• Entity-relationship diagram

Statistics

• Bar chart
• Box plot
• Histogram
• Multidimensional scaling
• Normal probability plot -- see rankit
• Scatterplot

Other

• Ulam spiral
• Nomogram
• Fitness landscape
• Weather map
• Predominance diagram
• One-line diagram
• Autostereogram
• Edgeworth box
• Lineweaver-Burke diagram
• Eadie-Hofstee diagram
• Population pyramid
• Parametric plot
• Causality loop diagram
• Ramachandra plot
• V model
• Reed-Kellogg sentence diagram
• Tree diagram