This is a list of physical laws discovered by science. A physical law or a law of nature is a scientific generalization based on empirical observations. ... What is science? There are different theories of what science is. ...

• Boyle's Law (pressure and volume of ideal gas)
• Charles & Gay-Lussac (gases expand equally with the same change of temperature)
• Ideal Gas Law [PV=nRT]
• Dulong-Petit law (specific heat capacity at constant volume)

• Einstein
  • Relativity

E = mc² (Energy = mass × speed of light²)

• Laws of Kepler (planetary motion)
• Beer-Lambert (light absorption)
• Newton
  • Newton's laws of motion (inertia, F = ma, action and reaction)
  • Law of heat conduction
  • General law of gravitation (universal gravitation force)

• Coulomb's law

• Ohm's Law

V = IR

• Kirchhoff's circuit laws (current and voltage laws)
• Kirchhoff's law of thermal radiation
• Maxwell's equations (electric and magnetic fields):

• Navier-Stokes equations of fluid dynamics

• Poiseuille's law (voluminal laminar stationary flow of incompressible uniform viscous liquid through a cylindrical tube with the constant circular cross-section)

• Radiation laws
  • Planck's law of black body radiation (spectral density in a radiation of a black-body)
  • Wien's law (wavelength of the peak of the emission of a black body) :λ₀T = k_w
  • Stefan-Boltzmann law (total radiation from a black body)

• Thermodynamics
  • Onsager reciprocal relations - sometimes called the Fourth Law of Thermodynamics

; and

.

• Buys-Ballot's law (wind travels counterclockwise around low pressure systems in the Northern Hemisphere)

Boyles law (also known as the Boyle Mariotte law) is one of the gas laws, and relates the volume and pressure of an ideal gas held at a constant temperature. ... Pressure is the application of force to a surface, and the concentration of that force in a given area. ... Volume (also called capacity) is a quantification of how much space an object occupies. ... An ideal gas or perfect gas is a hypothetical gas consisting of identical particles of negligible volume, undergoing perfectly elastic collisions, with no intermolecular forces and no intramolecular storage of energy. ... The Law of Charles and Gay-Lussac (frequently called simply Charles Law) is one of the gas laws, and relates the volume and temperature of an ideal gas held at a constant pressure. ... Temperature is the physical property of a system which underlies the common notions of hot and cold; the material with the higher temperature is said to be hotter. ... The ideal gas law, or universal gas equation, is an equation of state of an ideal gas. ... The Dulong-Petit law, found in 1819 by Pierre Louis Dulong and Alexis Thérèse Petit, states the classical expression for the specific heat capacity of a crystal due to its lattice vibrations. ... The specific heat capacity (symbol c or s, also called specific heat) of a substance is defined as heat capacity per unit mass. ... For other topics related to Einstein see Einstein (disambiguation). ... Luis is a Feizos love child. ... Mass is a property of physical objects that, roughly speaking, measures the amount of matter they contain. ... Cherenkov effect in a swimming pool nuclear reactor. ... Johannes Keplers primary contributions to astronomy/astrophysics were the three laws of planetary motion. ... ... In optics, the Beer-Lambert law, also known as Beers law or the Beer-Lambert-Bouguer law is an empirical relationship in relating the absorption of light to the properties of the material the light is travelling through. ... Sir Isaac Newton in Knellers 1689 portrait Sir Isaac Newton (25 December 1642 – 20 March 1727 by the Julian calendar in use in England at the time; or 4 January 1643 – 31 March 1727 by the Gregorian calendar) was an English physicist, mathematician, astronomer, philosopher, and alchemist who wrote... Newtons laws of motion are the three scientific laws which Isaac Newton discovered concerning the behaviour of moving bodies. ... Inertia is the tendency of any state of affairs to persist in the absence of external influences. ... Heat flow along perfectly insulated wire Conduction is the transfer of heat or electric current from one substance to another by direct contact. ... Gravitation is the tendency of masses to move toward each other. ... In physics, a net force acting on a body causes that body to accelerate; that is, to change its velocity. ... In physics, Coulombs law is an inverse-square law indicating the magnitude and direction of electrical force that one stationary, electrically charged substance of small volume (ideally, a point source) exerts on another. ... Ohms law, named after its discoverer Georg Ohm [1], states that the potential difference (or voltage drop V) between the ends of a conductor (for example, a resistor R) and the current, (I) flowing through R are proportional at a given temperature: where V is the voltage and I... Kirchhoffs circuit laws are a pair of laws that deal with the conservation of charge and energy in electrical circuits, and were first described in 1845 by Gustav Kirchhoff. ... In electricity, current is the rate of flow of charges, usually through a metal wire or some other electrical conductor. ... In the physical sciences, potential difference is the difference in potential between two points in a conservative vector field. ... Kirchhoffs law in thermodynamics, also called e. ... Maxwells equations are the set of four equations, attributed to James Clerk Maxwell, that describe the behavior of both the electric and magnetic fields, as well as their interactions with matter. ... In physics, an electric field or E-field is an effect produced by an electric charge that exerts a force on charged objects in its vicinity. ... In physics, a magnetic field is an entity produced by moving electric charges (electric currents) that exerts a force on other moving charges. ... Faradays law of induction gives the relation between the rate of change of the magnetic flux through the area enclosed by a closed loop and the electric field induced along the loop: where E is the induced electric field, ds is an infinitesimal element of the closed loop and... In physics, Ampères law is the magnetic equivalent of Gausss law, discovered by André-Marie Ampère. ... In fluid dynamics, the Navier-Stokes equations, named after Claude-Louis Navier and George Gabriel Stokes are a set of nonlinear partial differential equations that describe the flow of fluids such as liquids and gases. ... This article or section should be merged with Fluid mechanics Fluid dynamics is the study of fluids (liquids and gases) in motion, and the effect of the fluid motion on fluid boundaries, such as solid containers or other fluids. ... The Poiseuilles law (or the Hagen-Poiseuille law also named after Gotthilf Heinrich Ludwig Hagen (1797-1884) for his experiments in 1839) is the physical law concerning the voluminal laminar stationary flow ΦV of incompressible uniform viscous liquid (so called Newtonian fluid) through a cylindrical tube with the constant... laminar and turbulent water flow over the hull of a submarine In fluid dynamics, laminar flow is a flow regime characterized by high momentum diffusion, low momentum convection, and pressure and velocity independence from time. ... Stationary can mean: Fixed in position, or mode : immobile. ... In fluid dynamics, potential flow, also know as irrotational flow (of incompressible fluids) is steady flow defined by the equations (zero rotation = no viscosity) (zero divergence = volume conservation) Equivalently, where: v is the vector fluid velocity Φ is the fluid flow potential, scalar × is curl · is divergence. ... The Pitch Drop Experiment at the University of Queensland. ... Radiation generally means the transmission of waves, objects or information from a source into a surrounding medium or destination. ... In physics, the spectral intensity of electromagnetic radiation from a black body at temperature T is given by the Plancks law of black body radiation: where: I(ν) is the amount of energy per unit time per unit surface area per unit solid angle per unit frequency. ... In physics, the spectral density, or more correctly the power spectral density (PSD) of a given bandwidth of electromagnetic radiation is the total power in this bandwidth divided by the specified bandwidth. ... Radiation generally means the transmission of waves, objects or information from a source into a surrounding medium or destination. ... As the temperature decreases, the peak of the black body radiation curve moves to lower intensities and longer wavelengths. ... Wiens displacement law is a law of physics that states that there is an inverse relationship between the wavelength of the peak of the emission of a black body and its temperature. ... Stefan-Boltzmann law (also Stefans law) states that the total energy radiated per unit surface area of a black body in unit time (black-body irradiance), (or the energy flux density (radiant flux) or the emissive power), j* is directly proportional to the fourth power of its thermodynamic temperature... Thermodynamics (Greek: thermos = heat and dynamic = change) is the physics of energy, heat, work, entropy and the spontaneity of processes. ... In thermodynamics, the Onsager reciprocal relations express the equality of certain relations between flows and forces in thermodynamical systems out of equilibrium, but where a notion of local equilibrium exists. ... C.H.D. Buys Ballot Buys-Ballots law, in meteorology, is the name given to a law which may be expressed as follows: In the Northern Hemisphere, stand with your back to the wind; the low pressure area will be on your left. ... A low, or a low pressure area, is a region of rising atmospheric air. ... The Northern Hemisphere is the half of a planets surface (or celestial sphere) that is north of the equator. ...

See also

• Scientific laws named after people