Category: Medical lists Ablation is defined as the removal of material from the surface of an object by vaporization, chipping, or other erosive processes. ... Acupuncture (from Lat. ... Adverse effect, in medicine, is an abnormal, harmful, undesired and/or unintended side-effect, although not necessarily unexpected, which is obtained as the result of a therapy or other medical intervention, such as drug/chemotherapy, physical therapy, surgery, medical procedure, use of a medical device, etc. ... A medical algorithm is any algorithm, i. ... It has been suggested that Complementary and Alternative Medicine be merged into this article or section. ... Amputation is the removal of a body extremity by trauma or surgery. ... Anatomical pathology is the branch of pathology that is concerned with the diagnosis of disease based on the gross and microscopic examination of cells and tissues. ... Anatomical drawing of the human muscles from the Encyclopédie. ... Andrology (from the Greek andros, man) is the medical specialty that deals with male health, particularly relating to the problems of the male reproductive system and urological problems that are unique to men. ... Anesthesia (AE), also anaesthesia (BE), is the process of blocking the perception of pain and other sensations. ... Animal model refers to a non-human animal with a disease that is similar to a human condition. ... Antivenom (or antivenin, or antivenene) is a biological product used in the treatment of venomous bites or stings. ... Autoimmune diseases arise from an overactive immune response of the body against substances and tissues normally present in the body. ... Phyla/Divisions Actinobacteria Aquificae Bacteroidetes/Chlorobi Chlamydiae/Verrucomicrobia Chloroflexi Chrysiogenetes Cyanobacteria Deferribacteres Deinococcus-Thermus Dictyoglomi Fibrobacteres/Acidobacteria Firmicutes Fusobacteria Gemmatimonadetes Nitrospirae Omnibacteria Planctomycetes Proteobacteria Spirochaetes Thermodesulfobacteria Thermomicrobia Thermotogae Bacteria (singular, bacterium) are a major group of living organisms. ... An illustration showing a variety of wounds from the Feldbuch der Wundarznei (Field manual for the treatment of wounds) by Hans von Gersdorff, (1517). ... In public health, a big killer is a disease or other major cause of loss of human life. ... Also known as a biological assay, a bioassay is a measurement of the effects of a substance on living organisms. ... Biochemistry is the study of the chemical processes and transformations in living organisms. ... In surgery, a biomaterial is a synthetic or natural material used to replace part of a living system or to function in intimate contact with living tissue. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Biophysics (also biological physics) is an interdisciplinary science that applies the theories and methods of physics, to questions of biology. ... Biostatistics or biometry is the application of statistics to a wide range of topics in biology. ... Blood diseases affect the production of blood and its components, such as blood cells, hemoglobin, blood proteins, the mechanism of coagulation, etc. ... Cardiology is the branch of medicine dealing with disorders of the heart and blood vessels. ... Wikibooks has more about this subject: First Aid/CPR Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is an emergency first aid protocol for an unconscious person on whom neither breathing nor pulse can be detected. ... Cell biology (also called cellular biology or cytology, from the Greek kytos, container) is an academic discipline that studies cells. ... The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in Atlanta, Georgia, is recognized as the leading United States agency for protecting the public health and safety of people. ... Chemical pathology (also known as clinical biochemistry or clinical chemistry) is the area of pathology that is generally concerned with analysis of bodily fluids. ... Chemistry (from Greek χημεία khemeia[1] meaning alchemy) is the science of matter at the atomic to molecular scale, dealing primarily with collections of atoms, such as molecules, crystals, and metals. ... Chemotherapy is the use of chemical substances to treat disease. ... Traditional Chinese medicine shop in Tsim Sha Tsui, Hong Kong. ... Chiropractic is a complementary and alternative health care profession which focuses on diagnosing, treating, and preventing mechanical disorders of the musculoskeletal system, their effects on the nervous system, and on general health. ... Clinical neurophysiology is a medical speciality that studies the central and peripheral nervous systems through the recording of bioelectrical activity, whether spontaneous or stimulated. ... Complication, in medicine, is a unfavorable evolution of a disease, a health condition or a medical treatment. ... Medical consensus is a public statement on a particular aspect of medical knowledge available at the time it was written, and that is generally agreed upon as the evidence-based, state-of-the-art (or state-of-science) knowledge by a representative group of experts in that area. ... Categories: Move to Wiktionary | Stub ... Cryosurgery is the application of extreme cold to destroy abnormal or diseased tissue. ... Cytology (also known as Cell biology) is the scientific study of cells. ... Cytopathology is a branch of pathology that studies and diagnoses diseases on the cellular level. ... Dermatology (from Greek derma, skin) is a branch of medicine dealing with the skin and its appendages (hair, nails, sweat glands etc). ... Diagnosis (from the Greek words dia = by and gnosis = knowledge) is the process of identifying a disease by its signs, symptoms and results of various diagnostic procedures. ... A disease or medical condition is an abnormality of the body or mind that causes discomfort, dysfunction, distress, or death to the person afflicted or those in contact with the person. ... Typical EEG brain topography display With the possibility of recording simultaneously a great number of digitized channels of EEG, a new technique was born: EEG brain topography, at the end of the 80s. ... Electroneuronography (ENoG) is a neurological non-invasive test that is used to examine the integrity of a peripheral nerve. ... Embryology is the branch of developmental biology that studies embryos and their development. ... Emergency medical service (known by the acronym of EMS in the USA and Canada) is a branch of medicine that is performed in the field, pre-hospital, (i. ... Emergency medicine is a branch of medicine that is practiced in a hospital emergency department, in the field (in a modified form; see EMS), and other locations where initial medical treatment of illness takes place. ... Endocrinology is a branch of medicine dealing with disorders of the endocrine system and its specific secretions called hormones. ... In epidemiology, an epidemic (from Greek epi- upon + demos people) is a disease that appears as new cases in a given human population, during a given period, at a rate that substantially exceeds what is expected, based on recent experience (the number of new cases in the population during a... Epidemiology is the scientific study of factors affecting the health and illness of individuals and populations, and serves as the foundation and logic of interventions made in the interest of public health and preventive medicine. ... Etiology (alternately aetiology, aitiology) is the study of causation. ... Evidence-based medicine (EBM) applies the scientific method to medical practice. ... Experimental cancer treatments are medical therapies intended or claimed to treat cancer (see also tumor) by improving on, supplementing or replacing conventional methods (surgery, chemotherapy and radiation therapy). ... An extracorporeal medical procedure is any medical procedure which is carried outside the body. ... Spiritual healing redirects here. ... This article or section is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ... Gastroenterology or gastrology is the medical specialty concerned with the field of digestive diseases. ... Gene therapy is the insertion of genes into an individuals cells and tissues to treat a disease, and hereditary diseases in particular. ... A general practitioner (GP) or family physician (FP) is a physician/medical doctor who provides primary care. ... A surgeon operating General surgery, despite its name, is a surgical specialty that focuses on surgical treatment of abdominal organs, e. ... Genetics (from the Greek genno γεννώ= give birth) is the science of genes, heredity, and the variation of organisms. ... The germ theory of disease, also called the pathogenic theory of medicine, is a theory that proposes that microorganisms are the cause of many diseases. ... Germ is an informal term for a pathogen, particularly bacteria (as in germ warfare). ... A medical guideline (also called a clinical guideline and clinical protocol) is a document with the aim of guiding decisions and criteria in specific areas of healthcare, as defined by an authoritative examination of current evidence (evidence-based medicine). ... The shamefulness associated with the examination of female genitalia has long inhibited the science of gynaecology. ... A HACEK organism is one of a set of slow-growing Gram negative bacteria that form a normal part of the human flora. ... Hematology is the branch of medicine that is concerned with blood and its disorders. ... The field of hand surgery deals with both surgical and non-surgical treatment of conditions and problems that may take place in the hand or upper extremity (commonly from the tip of the hand to the shoulder). ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Health care. ... Hematology is the branch of medicine that is concerned with blood and its disorders. ... Hepatology is the branch of medicine that is concerned with disorders of the liver, gall bladder and biliary ducts. ... A thin section of lung tissue stained with hematoxylin and eosin. ... This article does not cite its references or sources. ... Human immunodeficiency virus or HIV is a retrovirus that causes Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS), a condition in which the immune system begins to fail, leading to life-threatening opportunistic infections. ... It has been suggested that Classical homeopathy be merged into this article or section. ... A hormone (from Greek horman - to set in motion) is a chemical messenger from one cell (or group of cells) to another. ... A physician visiting the sick in a hospital. ... Human anatomy or anthropotomy is a special field within anatomy. ... Image-guided surgery is the general term used for any surgical procedure where the surgeon uses indirect visualization to operate, i. ... Immortality (or eternal life) is the concept of existing for a potentially infinite, or indeterminate, length of time. ... Immunology is a broad branch of biomedical science that covers the study of all aspects of the immune system in all organisms. ... In medicine, infectious disease or communicable disease is disease caused by a biological agent (e. ... Infectology is a medical speciality dealing with the diagnosis and treatment of infection. ... Inflammation is the first response of the immune system to infection or irritation and may be referred to as the innate cascade. ... The examples and perspective in this article or section may not represent a worldwide view. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Interaction is a kind of action which occurs as two or more objects have an effect upon one another. ... Internal medicine is concerned with the diagnosis and treatment of internal diseases, that is, those that affect internal organs or the body as a whole. ... The term invasive in Medicine has two meanings: A medical procedure which penetrates or breaks the skin or a body cavity, i. ... Kinesiology is the scientific study of human movement. ... Laminectomy is a surgical procedure for treating spinal stenosis by relieving pressure on the spinal cord. ... Laparoscopic surgery, also called keyhole surgery (when natural body openings are not used), bandaid surgery, or minimally invasive surgery (MIS), is a surgical technique. ... A lithotriptor is a medical device used in the non-invasive treatment of kidney stones (urinary calculosis) and biliary calculi (stones in the gallbladder or in the liver). ... A human brain that had undergone lobotomy. ... Lung cancer is a cancer of the lungs characterized by the presence of malignant tumours. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... In law, malpractice is type of tort in which the misfeasance, malfeasance or nonfeasance of a professional under a duty to act fails to follow generally accepted professional standards. ... The basic definition of medical malpractice is an act or omission by a health care provider which deviates from accepted standards of practice in the medical community causing injury to the patient. ... Oral medication A medication is a licenced drug taken to cure or reduce symptoms of an illness or medical condition. ... Medicine is the branch of health science and the sector of public life concerned with maintaining or restoring human health through the study, diagnosis, treatment and possible prevention of disease and injury. ... // European Definition COUNCIL DIRECTIVE 93/42/EEC of 14 June 1993 concerning medical devices defines a ‘medical device’ as: any instrument, apparatus, appliance, material or other article, whether used alone or in combination, including the software necessary for its proper application intended by the manufacturer to be used for human... Astrology played a important part in Medieval medicine; most educated physicians were trained in at least the basics of astrology to use in their practice. ... Metabolism (from Greek μεταβολισμός metabolismos) is the biochemical modification of chemical compounds in living organisms and cells. ... An agar plate streaked with microorganisms Microbiology is the study of microorganisms, which are unicellular or cell-cluster microscopic organisms. ... Midwifery is the term traditionally used to describe the art of assisting a woman through childbirth. ... An illustration showing a variety of wounds from the Feldbuch der Wundarznei (Field manual for the treatment of wounds) by Hans von Gersdorff, (1517). ... A minimally invasive medical procedure is defined as one that is carried out by entering the body through the skin or through a body cavity or anatomical opening, but with the smallest damage possible to these structures. ... A Greenfield-type tower used in base stations for mobile telephony A modern mobile phone (Samsung) Mobile phone radiation and health concerns have been raised since the 1990s, especially following the enormous increase in the use of wireless mobile telephony throughout the world (as of August 2005, there were more... Molecular biology is the study of biology at a molecular level. ... Comparative anatomy is the study of similarities and differences in organisms. ... In biology, mutations are changes to the genetic material (either DNA or RNA). ... Naturopathic medicine (also known as naturopathy) is a school of medical philosophy and practice that seeks to improve health and treat disease chiefly by assisting the bodys innate capacity to recover from illness and injury. ... Nanomedicine is the medical application of nanotechnology and related research. ... Natural reservoir or nidus, refers to the long-term host of the pathogen of an infectious disease. ... For other uses, see Nausea (disambiguation). ... Nephrology is the branch of internal medicine dealing with the study of the function and diseases of the kidney. ... Neuroimaging includes the use of various techniques to either directly or indirectly image the structure, function, or pharmacology of the brain. ... Neurology is a branch of medicine dealing with disorders of the nervous system. ... Drawing of the cells in the chicken cerebellum by S. Ramón y Cajal Neuroscience is a scientific discipline that studies the structure, function, development, genetics, biochemistry, physiology, pharmacology, and pathology of the nervous system. ... Old German engraving depicting a trepanation, an ancient and still performed neurosurgical procedure Neurosurgery is the surgical discipline focused on treating those central and peripheral nervous system diseases amenable to mechanical intervention. ... The term non-invasive in medicine has two meanings: A medical procedure which does not penetrate or break the skin or a body cavity, i. ... Nosology (in Greek Nosos = Disease) is a branch of medicine that deals with classification of diseases. ... Nursing is a discipline focused on assisting individuals, families and communities in attaining, re-attaining and maintaining optimal health and functioning. ... It has been suggested that Diet (nutrition) be merged into this article or section. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Occupational therapy (OT) is an applied science and health profession that provides skilled treatment to help individuals develop, regain or maintain the skills necessary to participate in all facets of their lives. ... Odontology is the scientific study of the teeth. ... Oncology is the medical subspecialty dealing with the study and treatment of cancer. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Optometry (Greek: optos meaning seen or visible and metria meaning measurement) is the health care profession concerned with examination, diagnosis, and treatment of the eyes and related structures and with determination and correction of vision problems using lenses and other optical aids [1]. An optical refractor (also called a phoropter... See also: Osteopathic medicine Osteopathy is a system of healthcare that applies a unique philosophy to diagnosis and treatment. ... A paramedic is an Emergency medical technician certified to the highest level of training and responds to medical and trauma emergencies in the pre-hospital setting (in-field) for the purpose of stabilizing a patients condition before and during transportation to an appropriate medical facility, usually by ambulance. ... A pathogen or infectious agent is a biological agent that causes disease or illness to its host. ... Anatomic pathology is the branch of pathology that is concerned with the diagnosis of disease based on the gross and microscopic examination of cells and tissues. ... Pathology (from Greek pathos, feeling, pain, suffering; and logos, study of; see also -ology) is the study of the processes underlying disease and other forms of illness, harmful abnormality, or dysfunction. ... Pediatrics (also spelled paediatrics) is the branch of medicine that deals with the medical care of infants, children, and adolescents (from newborn to age 18-21). ... Periodontology is the branch of dentistry concerned with the health of the tooth supporting structures, ie. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Pharmacology (in Greek: pharmacon (φάρμακον) meaning drug, and logos (λόγος) meaning science) is the study of how substances interact with living organisms to produce a change in function. ... A 19th century Phrenology chart Phrenology (from Greek: φρήν, phrÄ“n, mind; and λόγος, logos, knowledge) is a theory which claims to be able to determine character, personality traits, and criminality on the basis of the shape of the head (reading bumps). Developed by German physician Franz Joseph Gall around 1800, and... In biology, phylogenetics (Greek: phylon = tribe, race and genetikos = relative to birth, from genesis = birth) is the study of evolutionary relatedness among various groups of organisms (e. ... The Doctor by Samuel Luke Fildes This article is about the term physician, a type of doctor; for other uses of the word doctor see Doctor (disambiguation). ... Physiology (in Greek physis = nature and logos = word) is the study of the mechanical, physical, and biochemical functions of living organisms. ... Physical therapy can help restore lost functionality in many people. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Placebo. ... Plastic surgery is a general term for operative manual and instrumental treatment which is performed for functional or aesthetic reasons. ... Computerized dynamic posturography (CDP), also called test of balance (TOB), is a non-invasive specialized clinical assessment technique used to quantify the central nervous system adaptive mechanisms (sensory, motor and central) involved in the control of posture and balance, both in normal (such as in physical education and sports training... In epidemiology, the prevalence of a disease in a statistical population is defined as the ratio of the number of cases of a disease present in a statistical population at a specified time and the number of individuals in the population at that specified time. ... Proctology is a field in medicine dealing with diseases and disorders of the rectum, anus, colon and pelvic floor. ... Psychiatry is a medical specialty dealing with the prevention, assessment, diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation of mental illness – both in itself and in bodily illness (psychiatry in medicine) – such as clinical depression, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia and anxiety disorders. ... Psychology is an academic and applied field involving the study of the human mind, brain, and behavior. ... Neuropsychology is a branch of psychology and neurology that aims to understand how the structure and function of the brain relate to specific psychological processes. ... Psychosurgery is a term for surgeries of the brain involving procedures that modulate the performance of the brain, and thus effect changes in cognition, with the intent to treat or alleviate severe mental illness. ... Look up Psychotherapy in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Quarantine, a medical term (from Italian: quaranta giorni, forty days) is the act of keeping people or animals separated for a period of time before, for instance, allowing them to enter another country. ... Race in Biomedicine refers to an active debate among biomedical researchers about the meaning and importance of race to their research. ... Clinac 2100 C accelerator Radiation therapy (or radiotherapy) is the medical use of ionizing radiation as part of cancer treatment to control malignant cells (not to be confused with radiology, the use of radiation in medical imaging and diagnosis). ... Image A: A normal chest X-ray. ... Radiosurgery is a medical procedure which allows non-invasive brain surgery, i. ... A rare disease has such a cow prevalence in a population that a doctor in a busy general practice would not expect to see more than one case a year. ... Genera Alpharetrovirus Betaretrovirus Gammaretrovirus Deltaretrovirus Epsilonretrovirus Lentivirus Spumavirus A retrovirus is any virus belonging to the viral family Retroviridae. ... Sanitation vehicle in New York City. ... Scars are areas of fibrous tissue that replace normal skin after destruction of some of the dermis. ... Scientific method is a body of techniques for investigating phenomena and acquiring new knowledge, as well as for correcting and integrating previous knowledge. ... Sepsis (in Greek Σήψις) is a serious medical condition caused by a severe systemic infection leading to a systemic inflammatory response. ... Shock therapy is the deliberate and controlled induction of some form of physiological state of shock in an individual for the purpose of psychiatric treatment. ... Sigmoidoscopy is the minimally invasive medical examination of the large intestine from the rectum through the last part of the colon. ... Skin Graft is an influential contemporary no wave, noise rock, art punk, rock label based in Chicago. ... Sports medicine or sport medicine is an interdisciplinary subspecialty of medicine which deals with the treatment and preventive care of athletes, both amateur and professional. ... Stereotactic surgery is a minimally-invasive form of surgical intervention which makes use of a three-dimensional coordinates system to locate small targets inside the body and to perform on them some action such as ablation (removal), biopsy, lesion, injection, stimulation, implantation, etc. ... A surgical instrument is a specially designed tool or device for performing specific actions of carrying out desired effects during a surgery or operation, such as modifying biological tissue, or to provide access or viewing it. ... A cardiothoracic surgeon performs a mitral valve replacement at the Fitzsimons Army Medical Center. ... The term symptom (from the Greek syn = con/plus and pipto = fall, together meaning co-exist) has two similar meanings in the context of physical and mental health: Strictly, a symptom is a sensation or change in health function experienced by a patient. ... Timeline of medicine and medical technology c. ... Skin and tissue expander with inflatable baloon device. ... Toxicology (from the Greek words toxicos and logos [1]) is the study of the adverse effects of chemicals on living organisms [2]. It is the study of symptoms, mechanisms, treatments and detection of poisoning, especially the poisoning of people. ... Transfusion medicine (or transfusiology) is the branch of medicine that is concerned with the transfusion of blood and blood components. ... An organ transplant is the transplantation of an organ (or part of one) from one body to another, for the purpose of replacing the recipients damaged or failing organ with a working one from the donor. ... In medicine, a trauma patient has suffered serious and life-threatening physical injury resulting in secondary complications such as shock, respiratory failure and death. ... Traumatology (from Greek Trauma meaning injury or wound) is the study of wounds and injuries caused by accidents or violence to a person, and the surgical treatment and repair of the damage. ... 18th century French illustration of trepanation (Larger Version) Trepanation, also known as trephinning or trepanning, is a form of surgery where a hole is drilled or scraped into the skull, leaving the membrane around the brain intact. ... Urology is the field of medicine that focuses on the urinary tracts of males and females, and on the reproductive system of males. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Virology, often considered a part of microbiology, is the study of biological viruses: their structure and classification, their ways to infect and exploit cells to reproduce and cause disease, and their potential uses in research and therapy. ... Virtual colonoscopy (VC) is a Medical imaging procedure which uses x-rays and computers to produce two- and three-dimensional images of the colon (large intestine) from the lowest part, the rectum, all the way to the lower end of the small intestine and display them on a screen. ... Groups I: dsDNA viruses II: ssDNA viruses III: dsRNA viruses IV: (+)ssRNA viruses V: (-)ssRNA viruses VI: ssRNA-RT viruses VII: dsDNA-RT viruses A virus (Latin, poison) is a microscopic particle that can infect the cells of a biological organism. ... Retinol (Vitamin A) Vitamins are nutrients required in very small amounts for essential metabolic reactions in the body [1]. The term vitamin does not encompass other essential nutrients such as dietary minerals, essential fatty acids, or essential amino acids. ... Flag of World Health Organization The World Health Organization (WHO) is a specialized agency of the United Nations, acting as a coordinating authority on international public health, headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland. ...