This is a list of the monarchs of England, Scotland, Ireland, Great Britain and the United Kingdom, that is, the monarchs on the thrones of some of the various kingdoms that have existed in the British Isles, namely: For other uses, see Monarch (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see England (disambiguation). ... This article is about the country. ... The thrones for The Queen of Canada, and the Duke of Edinburgh in the Canadian Senate, Ottawa is usually occupied by the Governor General and her spouse at the annual State Opening of Parliament. ... For the comic series, see Monarchy (comics). ... This article describes the archipelago in north-Western Europe. ...

• The Kingdom of Scotland, from 843 up to 1707;
• The Kingdom of England, from 871 (including Wales from the Act of Union 1536–1543) up to 1707;
• The Lordship of Ireland, from 1199 up to 1541;
• The Kingdom of Ireland, from 1541 up to 1801;
• The Kingdom of Great Britain, from the Acts of Union, 1707, between England and Scotland, up to 1801;
• The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, from the Act of Union, 1801, between Great Britain and Ireland, up to 1927;
• The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (The UK after the Irish Free State was formed and became a separate state).

To see the rulers of certain states prior to the formation of the Kingdoms of England, Scotland and the principality of Wales, see: Motto Latin: Nemo me impune lacessit (English: No one provokes me with impunity) (Scots: Wha daur meddle wi me) Capital Edinburgh¹ Language(s) Gaelic, Scots Government Monarchy King/Queen  - 843-860 Kenneth I  - 1587–1625 James VI  - 1702-1714 Anne Legislature Parliament of Scotland History  - United 843  - Union of the... Events Treaty of Verdun divides the Carolingian empire between the 3 sons of Louis the Pious. ... Events January 1 - John V is crowned King of Portugal March 26 - The Acts of Union becomes law, making the separate Kingdoms of England and Scotland into one country, the Kingdom of Great Britain. ... Motto Dieu et mon droit(French) God and my right Territory of the Kingdom of England Capital Winchester; London from 11th century Language(s) Old English (de facto, until 1066) Anglo-Norman language (de jure, 1066 - 15th century) English (de facto, gradually replaced French from late 13th century) Government Monarchy... Events Nine battles are fought between the Danes and Wessex. ... This article is about the country. ... The Acts of Union 1536–1543 were a series of parliamentary measures by which Wales was annexed to England and the norms of English administration introduced in order to create a single state and a single legal jurisdiction, which is frequently referred to as England and Wales. ... Year 1536 was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. ... // Events February 21 - Battle of Wayna Daga - A combined army of Ethiopian and Portuguese troops defeat the armies of Adal led by Ahmed Gragn. ... Events January 1 - John V is crowned King of Portugal March 26 - The Acts of Union becomes law, making the separate Kingdoms of England and Scotland into one country, the Kingdom of Great Britain. ... Coat of arms1 Capital Dublin Language(s) Norman French, Irish, Welsh, English Government Monarchy Lord of Ireland  - 1171-1189 Henry II  - 1509-1541 Henry VIII Lord Lieutenant  - 1528-1529 Piers Butler  - 1540–1548 Anthony St Leger Legislature Parliament of Ireland  - Upper house Irish House of Lords  - Lower house Irish House... Events John Lackland, becomes King of England Births Isobel of Huntingdon (d. ... Events The first official translation of the entire Bible in Swedish February 12 - Pedro de Valdivia founds Santiago de Chile. ... Coat of arms1 Capital Dublin Language(s) Irish, English Government Monarchy King2  - 1542-1547 Henry VIII  - 1760-1801 George III Chief Secretary  - 1660 Matthew Lock  - 1798-1801 Viscount Castlereagh Legislature Parliament of Ireland  - Upper house Irish House of Lords  - Lower house Irish House of Commons History  - Act of Parliament 1541... Events The first official translation of the entire Bible in Swedish February 12 - Pedro de Valdivia founds Santiago de Chile. ... The Union Jack, flag of the newly formed United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. ... For an explanation of terms such as Scotland, Wales, England, (Great) Britain and United Kingdom, see British Isles (terminology). ... The Acts of Union were a pair of Acts of Parliament passed in 1706 and 1707 (taking effect on 1 May 1707) by, respectively, the Parliament of England and the Parliament of Scotland. ... Events January 1 - John V is crowned King of Portugal March 26 - The Acts of Union becomes law, making the separate Kingdoms of England and Scotland into one country, the Kingdom of Great Britain. ... The Union Jack, flag of the newly formed United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. ... Motto Dieu et mon droit(French) God and my right1 Anthem God Save the King (Queen) Territory of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland Capital London Language(s) English² Government Constitutional monarchy Monarch  - 1801–1820 George III  - 1820–1830 George IV  - 1830–1837 William IV  - 1837–1901... The Act of Union 1800 merged the Kingdom of Ireland and the Kingdom of Great Britain (itself a merger of England and Wales and Scotland under the Act of Union 1707) to create the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland on 1 January 1801. ... The Union Jack, flag of the newly formed United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. ... Year 1927 (MCMXXVII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... “UK” redirects here. ... This article is about the prior state. ... For other uses, see State (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see England (disambiguation). ... This article is about the country. ... This article is about the country. ...

The term King of the Britons refers to kings of Celtic Great Britain as recorded by much later authors, including Nennius, Gildas, and predominantly Geoffrey of Monmouth. ... This article needs cleanup. ... The Royal Coat of Arms of Scotland, as used before 1603 The monarch of Scotland was the head of state of the Kingdom of Scotland. ... The following is a List of the Kings of Dál Riata. ... For Rulers before this see: List of Kings of the Isle of Man and the Isles Norse Rule: Godfred V of the Isle of Man (1164) Ragnald of the Isle of Man (1164) Godfred V of the Isle of Man (1164-1187) Ragnald of the Isle of Man (1187-1229... Godfred I mac Fergus lord of the Hebrides (836-853) Sub-Kings under Norse Dublin Kingdom: Caitill Find Tryggvi (870-880) Asbjorn Skerjablesi (880-899) Gibhleachan (921-937) Mac Ragnall (937-942) Magnus I (972-978) Godfred II (978-989) Sub-Kings under Norse Orkney Rule: Harald I (989-999... The list of the Kings of Strathclyde concerns the kings of Strathclyde, a Brythonic Celt region in southern Scotland below Dál Riada and Pictavia. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards and to make a clear distinction between fact and fiction, this article may require cleanup. ... Before the Norman Conquest of Wales was completed in 1282, Wales consisted of a number of independent principalities, the most important being Gwynedd, Powys, Deheubarth (originally Seisyllwg and Dyfed), Gwent and Morgannwg. ... The Kingdom of the East Angles (one of the seven traditional kingdoms of the so-called Anglo-Saxon Heptarchy) was founded in the 6th century. ... The Kingdom of the East Seaxe (one of the seven traditional kingdoms of the so-called Anglo-Saxon Heptarchy) was founded around AD500, occupying territory to the north and east of London. ... Kings of the Anglo-Saxon Kingdom of Kent Most of the dates of reigns below have multiple alternate values, the sources being in disagreement. ... List of Kings of the Anglo-Saxon kingdom of Sussex Many of the dates of this time are unreliable and the list contains substantial gaps. ... This is a list of monarchs of Wessex until 924. ... A list of the Kings etc. ... Northumbria, an kingdom of Angles in northern England, was initially divided into two kingdoms, Bernicia and Deira. ... The High Kingship of Ireland was a pseudohistorical construct of the eighth century AD, a projection into the distant past of a political entity that did not become reality until the ninth century. ...

Complications over title and style

James VI of Scotland and I of England, united the Crowns of England, Scotland and Ireland in a personal union, later merged into a single Kingdom of Great Britain by the Act of Union 1707.

Royal titles are complicated because in some cases names of kingdoms are used that did not officially come into existence until later, or came into existence earlier without immediate adoption of the royal title. Image File history File links JamesIEngland. ... Image File history File links JamesIEngland. ... James Stuart (19 June 1566 – 27 March 1625) was King of Scots as James VI, and King of England and King of Ireland as James I. He ruled in Scotland as James VI from 24 July 1567, when he was only one year old. ... It has been suggested that Dynastic union be merged into this article or section. ... For an explanation of terms such as Scotland, Wales, England, (Great) Britain and United Kingdom, see British Isles (terminology). ... The Acts of Union were twin Acts of Parliament passed in 1707 (taking effect on 26 March) by the Parliament of England and the Parliament of Scotland. ...

This article or section may be confusing or unclear for some readers. Please improve the article or discuss this issue on the talk page. This article has been tagged since August 2007.

• In 1328, on the death of the French king, Charles IV, Edward III (nephew of Charles IV) claimed the French throne. While Tudor monarchs continued to claim France and not actually have this based on occupation, the English Stuarts were pensioners of the House of Bourbon just as the Scottish Stewarts were of the House of Valois in opposition to the Plantagenets' actual possession of France. This was to prove the undoing of title, since passing the Test Act and Edict of Fontainebleau revived old tensions; the British and French peace established under James Stuart and Henry Bourbon could not sustain itself. Subsequent Hanoverian monarchs until the Act of Union 1800, had no intimate dealings with the title, but were concerned with their native Brunswick. The French Revolution then rendered a rather Whiggish opinion on the Crown of France to be true, although there was a minor Tory outrage over relinquishing the traditional title. (See English claims to the French throne.)^[clarify]

• Since 1559 English monarchs, and subsequently British monarchs, have also had the title Supreme Governor of the Church of England.

• Note that the numbering of English monarchs starts afresh after 1066 (although this affects only the Edwards). The numerical system prefers the divided national approach; thus James II of England was also James VII of Scotland and William III of England was also William II of Scotland. After the Union, the ordinal has been the English number (for "George", "Edward" and "Elizabeth") and, until recently, there was no formal rule (see List of regnal numerals of future British monarchs).

• All Scottish monarchs held the title King of Scots or Queen of Scots, with the exception of the last three: Mary II, William III and Anne I used the style "of Scotland" rather than "of Scots".

• In October 1604, one year after James VI of Scotland had become King of England, he decreed that the Royal Title would use the term Great Brittaine to refer to the "one Imperiall Crowne" made up of England and Scotland[1]. However using that title is problematic because unified offices of state for Great Britain, were not in total cohesion until the Act of Union 1707 which established the Parliament of Great Britain. Nor was the united crown generally referred to as "imperial", but accentuated the decrees of Henry VIII who declared himself equal in deference with Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor. Some historians thus refer to all monarchs up to 1707 as monarchs of England and Scotland, but for simplicity's sake, the whole realm is considered British because of the Celtic nature behind the Renaissance Tudor-Stuart Establishment and "Britannia's" empire overseas. Courtiers upon the death of Elizabeth, considered James to be a new Brutus of Troy. What further undermined this sense of "British", was separatist Jacobitism amongst the Scots until the union with Ireland. Nevertheless, people in parlance refer to rulers of Great Britain as English in reference to rebellions associated with the Scottish, Irish and Americans.

• In different documents, the terms Kingdom of Great Britain and United Kingdom of Great Britain feature, even documents as official as the Act of Union 1707. Most historians presume the United was meant to be descriptive, indicating a union as a form of unity by marriage rather than coercion. For clarity and because the United is far more strongly associated with the later name United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland produced in the Act of Union 1800, the 1707 Kingdom is generally referred to as the Kingdom of Great Britain.

• Similarly, though most of Ireland ceased to be part of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland when it became the Irish Free State in 1922, neither the full name of the United Kingdom nor the royal title were changed until the Royal and Parliamentary Titles Act 1927. In this instance historians generally retrospectively date the coming into being of the modern United Kingdom to December 1922, even though in this case the formal change did not occur for another five years.

• Due to fierce dissent in Scotland over EIIR postboxes, all monarchs henceforth are numbered according to either English or Scottish reckoning, whichever was higher (per a 1953 announcement)

Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... Events Augustiner brew Munich May 1 - Treaty of Edinburgh-Northampton - England recognises Scotland as an independent nation after the Wars of Scottish Independence May 12 - Nicholas V is consecrated at St Peters Basilica in Rome by the bishop of Venice. ... For other uses, see Monarch (disambiguation). ... Charles IV of France, also Charles I of Navarre, called the Fair (French: le Bel) (11 December 1294 – 1 February 1328), was the King of France and Navarre and Count of Champagne from 1322 to his death: the last French king of the senior Capetian lineage. ... This article is about the King of England. ... It has been suggested that Regents: France and French States be merged into this article or section. ... Also see:  Early Modern France The House of Bourbon is an important European royal house, a branch of the Capetian dynasty. ... The Valois Dynasty succeeded the Capetian Dynasty as rulers of France from 1328-1589. ... The several Test Acts were a series of English penal laws that imposed various civil disabilities on Roman Catholics and Nonconformists. ... The Edict of Fontainebleau (October 1685) was an edict issued by Louis XIV of France, best known as the Revocation of the Edict of Nantes of 1598, which had granted to the Huguenots the right to worship their religion without persecution from the state. ... The Act of Union 1800 merged the Kingdom of Ireland and the Kingdom of Great Britain (itself a merger of England and Wales and Scotland under the Act of Union 1707) to create the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland on 1 January 1801. ... Braunschweig may also refer to the administrative region of Germany. ... The French Revolution (1789–1815) was a period of political and social upheaval in the political history of France and Europe as a whole, during which the French governmental structure, previously an absolute monarchy with feudal privileges for the aristocracy and Catholic clergy, underwent radical change to forms based on... The English claims to the French throne have a long and rather complex history between the 1340s and the 1800s. ... January 15 - Elizabeth I of England is crowned in Westminster Abbey. ... Henry VIII was the founder of the Church of England yet did not hold the title of Supreme Governor. ... Events January 6 - Harold II is crowned September 20 - Battle of Fulford September 25 - Battle of Stamford Bridge September 29 - William of Normandy lands in England at Pevensey. ... James II of England (also known as James VII of Scotland; 14 October 1633 – 16 September 1701) became King of England, King of Scots, and King of Ireland on 6 February 1685, and Duke of Normandy on 31 December 1660. ... William III of England (The Hague, 14 November 1650 – Kensington Palace, 8 March 1702; also known as William II of Scotland and William III of Orange) was a Dutch aristocrat and a Protestant Prince of Orange from his birth, Stadtholder of the main provinces of the Dutch Republic from 28... This is a list of the regnal numerals which may in time be used by future British monarchs. ... This is a list of British monarchs, that is, the monarchs on the thrones of some of the various kingdoms that have existed on, or incorporated, the island of Great Britain, namely: England (united with Wales from 1536) up to 1707; Scotland up to 1707; The Kingdom of Great Britain... The Acts of Union were twin Acts of Parliament passed in 1707 (taking effect on 26 March) by the Parliament of England and the Parliament of Scotland. ... The Parliament of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is the supreme legislative institution in the United Kingdom and British overseas territories (it alone has parliamentary sovereignty). ... Look up deference in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... For the Carlist claimant King Carlos V, see Infante Carlos, Count of Molina. ... The Union of the Crowns refers to the accession of James VI, King of Scots, to the thrones of England and Ireland, in March 1603. ... The Star Chamber (Latin Camera stellata) was an English court of law at the royal Palace of Westminster that sat between 1487 and 1641, when the court itself was abolished. ... For other uses, see Britannia (disambiguation). ... Brutus of Troy or Brutus I of the Britons (Welsh: Bryttys), according to the accounts of the early Welsh historians Nennius and Geoffrey of Monmouth, was the first king of the Britons. ... Charles Edward Stuart, Bonnie Prince Charlie, wearing the Jacobite blue bonnet Jacobitism was (and, to a very limited extent, remains) the political movement dedicated to the restoration of the Stuart kings to the thrones of England and Scotland. ... The Acts of Union were twin Acts of Parliament passed in 1707 (taking effect on 26 March) by the Parliament of England and the Parliament of Scotland. ... Motto Dieu et mon droit(French) God and my right1 Anthem God Save the King (Queen) Territory of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland Capital London Language(s) English² Government Constitutional monarchy Monarch  - 1801–1820 George III  - 1820–1830 George IV  - 1830–1837 William IV  - 1837–1901... The Act of Union 1800 merged the Kingdom of Ireland and the Kingdom of Great Britain (itself a merger of England and Wales and Scotland under the Act of Union 1707) to create the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland on 1 January 1801. ... For an explanation of terms such as Scotland, Wales, England, (Great) Britain and United Kingdom, see British Isles (terminology). ... Motto Dieu et mon droit(French) God and my right1 Anthem God Save the King (Queen) Territory of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland Capital London Language(s) English² Government Constitutional monarchy Monarch  - 1801–1820 George III  - 1820–1830 George IV  - 1830–1837 William IV  - 1837–1901... This article is about the prior state. ... Passed on April 12, 1927, the Royal and Parliamentary Titles Act 1927 () was an Act of Parliament of the United Kingdom that formed a significant landmark in the constitutional history of the UK and British Empire as a whole. ... Elizabeth II (Elizabeth Alexandra Mary Windsor; born 21 April 1926) is Queen of sixteen sovereign states, holding each crown and title equally. ... This is a list of the regnal numerals which may in time be used by future British monarchs. ...

Monarchs

Succession to the many thrones often did not pass smoothly from parent to child; lack of heirs, civil wars, murders and invasions affected the inheritance in ways that a simple list does not show. The relationships that formed the basis for claims to throne are noted where we know them, and the dates of reign indicated.

The Kingdom of England was first unified as a state by Athelstan of Wessex. ... The Royal Coat of Arms of Scotland, as used before 1603 The monarch of Scotland was the head of state of the Kingdom of Scotland. ... For other uses, see Anglo-Saxon. ... The House of Alpin is a dynasty of Scottish kings that ruled Scotland from 843 to 1058. ... Cináed mac Ailpín (after 800–13 February 858) (Anglicised Kenneth MacAlpin) was king of the Picts and, according to national myth, first king of Scots. ... Events Treaty of Verdun divides the Carolingian empire between the 3 sons of Louis the Pious. ... Events Patriarch Ignatius is imprisoned and (December 25) deposed to be succeeded by patriarch Photius I. Louis the German invades West Francia, hoping to secure Aquitaine from his brother Charles the Bald, but fails. ... For the ancient tribe that inhabited what is now Scotland, see the Picts. ... The Gaels are an ethno-linguistic group which spread from Ireland to many parts of Britain, specifically Scotland, the Isle of Man, Wales and Cornwall. ... Domnall mac Ailpín (died 13 April 862) was king of the Picts from 858 to 862. ... Events Patriarch Ignatius is imprisoned and (December 25) deposed to be succeeded by patriarch Photius I. Louis the German invades West Francia, hoping to secure Aquitaine from his brother Charles the Bald, but fails. ... Events Rurik gained control of Novgorod. ... Constantine I (Causantín mac Cináeda) (836-877), son of King Kenneth I of Scotland, became King of Scots and King of the Picts in 863 when he succeeded his uncle Donald I of Scotland. ... Events Rurik gained control of Novgorod. ... The Danes take Exeter Indravarman II succeeds Jayavarman III as ruler of the Khmer Empire. ... Alfred (also Ælfred from the Old English: ÆlfrÄ“d //) (c. ... Events Nine battles are fought between the Danes and Wessex. ... Events Edward the Elder becomes King of England. ... The Treaty of Wedmore, signed at Wedmore in Somerset, was the result of the Battle of Edington (OE. Ethandun) in 878 AD, in which Alfred the Great defeated the viking forces of the Dane, Guthrum. ... Events The Danes force king Alfred the Great of Wessex to retreat to a fort in Athelney, Somerset. ... Áed (Áed mac Cináeda) (died 878) was a son of Cináed mac Ailpín. ... The Danes take Exeter Indravarman II succeeds Jayavarman III as ruler of the Khmer Empire. ... Events The Danes force king Alfred the Great of Wessex to retreat to a fort in Athelney, Somerset. ... Eochaid of Scotland, also called Eochu or Eochaidh, was king of Scotland from 878 to 889. ... Events The Danes force king Alfred the Great of Wessex to retreat to a fort in Athelney, Somerset. ... Events End of Strathclyde as a fully independent kingdom. ... Giric of Scotland was king of Scotland from 878 to 889. ... Events The Danes force king Alfred the Great of Wessex to retreat to a fort in Athelney, Somerset. ... Events End of Strathclyde as a fully independent kingdom. ... Donald II of Scotland (Domnall mac Causantín) was king of Scotland from 889 to 900. ... Events End of Strathclyde as a fully independent kingdom. ... Gyeonhwon formally establishes the kingdom of Hubaekje in southwestern Korea. ... Edward the Elder (Old English: Ä’adweard se Ieldra) (c. ... Events Edward the Elder becomes King of England. ... Events King Athelstan of England succeeds to the throne. ... Causantín mac Áeda (anglicised Constantine II) (before 879–952) was king of Alba from 900 to 943. ... Gyeonhwon formally establishes the kingdom of Hubaekje in southwestern Korea. ... Events King Constantin II of Scotland retires and becomes a monk, succeeded by his cousin Malcolm I of Scotland Births Deaths Harald I of Norway Categories: 943 ... Ælfweard (died 2 August 924) was the second known son of Edward the Elder. ... Events King Athelstan of England succeeds to the throne. ... Athelstan (c. ... Events King Athelstan of England succeeds to the throne. ... Events Vietnam became a tributary kingdom to China. ... De facto is a Latin expression that means in fact or in practice. It is commonly used as opposed to de jure (meaning by law) when referring to matters of law or governance or technique (such as standards), that are found in the common experience as created or developed without... Edmund I (or Eadmund, 921 – May 26, 946), called the Elder, the Deed-Doer, or the Just, was King of England from 939 until his death. ... Events Vietnam became a tributary kingdom to China. ... Events Eadred I succeeds his brother as king of England End of the reign of Emperor Suzaku of Japan Emperor Murakami ascends the throne of Japan Births Deaths May 26 - King Edmund I of England Abu-Bakr Muhammad ben Yahya as-Suli Categories: 946 ... Malcolm I of Scotland Máel Coluim mac Domnaill (anglicised Malcolm I) (before 900–954) was king of Scots, becoming king when his cousin Causantín mac Áeda abdicated to become a monk. ... Events King Constantin II of Scotland retires and becomes a monk, succeeded by his cousin Malcolm I of Scotland Births Deaths Harald I of Norway Categories: 943 ... Events King Malcolm I of Scotland is killed in battle against Highlanders. ... “Eadred” redirects here. ... Events Eadred I succeeds his brother as king of England End of the reign of Emperor Suzaku of Japan Emperor Murakami ascends the throne of Japan Births Deaths May 26 - King Edmund I of England Abu-Bakr Muhammad ben Yahya as-Suli Categories: 946 ... Events August 10 - Otto I the Great defeats Magyars in the Battle of Lechfeld Edwy becomes King of England. ... Indulf (Scottish: Idulb mac Causantín) was king of Scotland from 954 until 962, although there is no record of his coronation, if there ever was one. ... Events King Malcolm I of Scotland is killed in battle against Highlanders. ... Events February 2 - Pope John XII crowns Otto I the Great Holy Roman Emperor. ... Edwy All-Fair or Eadwig (941? – October 1, 959) was the King of England from 955 until his death. ... Events August 10 - Otto I the Great defeats Magyars in the Battle of Lechfeld Edwy becomes King of England. ... Events October 1 - Edwy, king of England dies and is succeeded by his brother Edgar. ... King Edgar or Eadgar I ( 942 – July 8, 975) was the younger son of King Edmund I of England. ... Events October 1 - Edwy, king of England dies and is succeeded by his brother Edgar. ... Events Coronation of King Edward the Martyr Births Deaths July 8 Edgar of England Categories: 975 ... King Duff (Dub mac Maíl Coluim), was king of Scotland from 962 to 967. ... Events February 2 - Pope John XII crowns Otto I the Great Holy Roman Emperor. ... Events April 14 or April 30 - Mieszko I, first duke of Poland, baptised a Christian Births Fujiwara