The Royal Coat of Arms of Scotland, as used before 1603

The monarch of Scotland was the head of state of the Kingdom of Scotland. According to tradition, the first King of Scots was Cináed I of Scotland, who founded the state in 843, although this is disputed on a number of different grounds. Some modern historiography would tend to see his grandson Constantine II of Scotland as the creator of the Kingdom of Alba which became known in English as Scotland. The title fell out of use in 1707 when the Kingdom of Scotland merged with the Kingdom of England to form the Kingdom of Great Britain. Thus Queen Anne became the last Queen of Scotland and the first Queen of Great Britain. The two kingdoms had shared a monarch since 1603, and Charles II was the last Scottish monarch to actually be crowned in Scotland, at Scone in 1651. Image File history File links Kingdom_of_scotland_royal_arms. ... Image File history File links Kingdom_of_scotland_royal_arms. ... Queen Elizabeth II, is the Head of State of 16 countries including: the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, Jamaica, New Zealand and the Bahamas, as well as crown colonies and overseas territories of the United Kingdom. ... Motto: Nemo me impune lacessit (Latin: No one strikes me with impunity) Capital Edinburgh¹ Language(s) Gaelic, Scots Government Monarchy King/Queen  - 843-860 Kenneth I  - 1587–1625 James VI  - 1702-1714 Anne Legislature Parliament of Scotland History  - United 843  - Union of the Crowns March 24, 1603  - Act of Union... Cináed mac Ailpín (after 800–13 February 858), (anglicised Kenneth MacAlpin) was king of the Picts and, according to national myth, first king of Scots. ... A state is a set of institutions that possess the authority to make the rules that govern the people in one or more societies, having internal and external sovereignty over a definite territory. ... Constantine II (874?–952) was king of Scotland from 900 to 942 or 943. ... The Kingdom of Alba (Gaelic : Rìoghachd na h-Alba) for the purposes of this article pertains to the Kingdom of Scotland between the death of Domnall II in 900, and the death of Alexander III in 1286 which then led indirectly to the Scottish Wars of Independence. ... The English language is a West Germanic language that originates in England. ... Motto: Nemo me impune lacessit (Latin: No one strikes me with impunity) Capital Edinburgh¹ Language(s) Gaelic, Scots Government Monarchy King/Queen  - 843-860 Kenneth I  - 1587–1625 James VI  - 1702-1714 Anne Legislature Parliament of Scotland History  - United 843  - Union of the Crowns March 24, 1603  - Act of Union... Royal motto: Dieu et mon droit (French: God and my right)1 Capital Winchester, then London from 11th century. ... Scotland, England, (Great) Britain and United Kingdom see British Isles (terminology). ... Anne (6 February 1665 – 1 August 1714) became Queen of England and Ireland and Queen of Scots on 8 March 1702. ... The British monarch or Sovereign is the monarch and head of state of the United Kingdom and its overseas territories, and is the source of all executive, judicial and (as the Queen-in-Parliament) legislative power. ... Charles II (29 May 1630 – 6 February 1685) was the King of England, King of Scots, and King of Ireland from 30 January 1649 (de jure) or 29 May 1660 (de facto) until his death. ... The coronation of Empress Farah, of Iran in 1967. ... Scone is a large village, a mile north of Perth, Scotland. ...

Style

Main article: Style of the monarchs of Scotland

By the twelfth century Scotland's monarchs were using both the style rex Scottorum, king of the Scots and rex Scotiae, king of Scotland, in Latin documents. This continued until the 17th century; the last three monarchs before the Act of Union only used the style King or Queen of Scotland. In the high middle ages, the vernacular style seems to have continued to be rí Alban or Ard rí Alban, King of Scotland or High King of Scotland. Style of the monarchs of Scotland is about the styles and forms of address used by Scottish royalty, specifically the monarchs of Scotland from the earliest times until the present, including monarchs from the Pictish period to the British period. ...

Houses

Although genealogists divide the monarchs of Scotland into "Houses", based on continental European ideas of dynasties, it appears that the kings and queens of Scotland, insofar as they thought about their ultimate origins, traced their descent from Fergus Mór, the legendary founder of Dál Riata said to have flourished in the late 5th century, and from his grandson Gabrán mac Domangairt and brother Loarn mac Eirc. James VI is recorded as saying that he was a "Monarch sprunge of Ferguse race". After the Restoration of 1660, when Jacob de Wet was commissioned to produce portraits of Scotland's past and present rulers for Holyrood Palace, the series began with Fergus Mór. // For other uses, see Dynasty (disambiguation). ... Fergus Mór mac Eirc (Scottish Gaelic: Fergus Mòr Mac Earca) was a legendary king of Dál Riata. ... Dál Riata (also Dalriada or Dalriata) was a Goidelic kingdom on the western seaboard of Scotland and the northern coasts of Ireland, situated in the traditional Scottish and Northern Irish counties of Argyll, Bute and County Antrim. ... Gabrán mac Domangairt was king of Dál Riata in the middle of the 6th century. ... Loarn mac Eirc was a legendary king of Dál Riata who may have lived in the 5th century. ... A 19th century view of Holyrood Palace from Calton Hill. ...

List of monarchs of Scotland

House of Alpin (Ailpean)

• Kenneth I (Modern Gaelic: Coinneach I mac Alpin; Old Gaelic: Cináed mac Ailpín) (c.843–858)
• Donald I (Domhnall I; Domnall mac Ailpín) (858–862)
• Constantine I (Causantín mac Cináeda) (862–877)
• Áed (Aodh; Áed mac Cináeda) (877–878)

Cináed mac Ailpín (after 800–13 February 858) (Anglicised Kenneth MacAlpin) conquered the Picts and, according to national myth, first king of Scots. ... Donald I (Domnall mac Ailpín) (c. ... Constantine I (Causantín mac Cináeda) (836-877), son of King Kenneth I of Scotland, became King of Scots and King of the Picts in 863 when he succeeded his uncle Donald I of Scotland. ... Áed (Áed mac Cináeda) (died 878) was a son of Cináed mac Ailpín. ...

House of Strathclyde

• Eochaid (Eochaidh; Eochu) (878–889)

Eochaid of Scotland, also called Eochu or Eochaidh, was king of Scotland from 878 to 889. ...

House of Alpin?

• Giric (Giric; Giric mac Dúngail) (878–889)

Giric of Scotland was king of Scotland from 878 to 889. ...

House of Alpin (Restored)

• Donald II (Domhnall II; Domnall mac Causantín) (889–890)
• Constantine II (Causantín mac Áeda) (900–943)
• Malcolm I (Calum I; Máel Coluim mac Domnaill) (943–954)
• Indulf (Indulbh; Idulb mac Causantín) (954–962)
• Dub (Dubh; Dub mac Maíl Choluim) (962–967)
• Culen (Cuilean; Cuilén mac Iduilb) (967–971)
• Kenneth II (Coinneach II; Cináed mac Maíl Choluim) (971–?)
• Amlaíb (Amlaíbh; Amlaíb mac Iduilb) (after 973–977)
• Kenneth II (Coinneach II; Cináed mac Maíl Choluim) (977–995)
• Constantine III (Constantín III; Causantín mac Cuilén) (995–997)
• Kenneth III (Coinneach III; Cináed mac Duib) (997–1005)
• Malcolm II (Calum II; Máel Coluim mac Cináeda) (1005–1034)

Donald II of Scotland (Domnall mac Causantín) was king of Scotland from 889 to 900. ... Constantine II (874?–952) was king of Scotland from 900 to 942 or 943. ... Malcolm I (Máel Coluim mac Domnaill), the son of Donald II of Scotland, became the King of Scotland in 942 or 943 after his cousin King Constantine II of Scotland abdicated and became a monk. ... Indulf (Scottish: Idulb mac Causantín) was king of Scotland from 954 until 962, although there is no record of his coronation, if there ever was one. ... King Duff (Dub mac Maíl Coluim), was king of Scotland from 962 to 967. ... Culen of Scotland (Cuilén mac Induilb) (also called Cuilean, Colin and Culen the Whelp, a tautology since cuilean means whelp) was king of Scotland from 967 to 971. ... Cináed mac Maíl Coluim (before 954–995) (Anglicised Kenneth MacMalcolm) was King of Alba. ... Amlaíb mac Iduilb (died 977) was King of Scots during the 970s. ... Cináed mac Maíl Coluim (before 954–995) (Anglicised Kenneth MacMalcolm) was King of Alba. ... Constantine III (Causantín mac Cuilén) was king of Scotland from 995 to 997. ... Cináed mac Duib (anglicised Kenneth III) (before 967–1005) was King of Scots from 997 to 1005. ... Máel Coluim mac Cináeda (anglicised Malcolm II) (c. ...

House of Dunkeld

• Duncan I (Donnchadh I; Donnchad mac Crínáin) (1034–1040)

Duncan I (Donnchad mac Crínáin) (1001 - August 15, 1040) was a son of Crinan the Thane de Mormaer, lay abbot of Dunkeld, and Princess Bethoc of Scotland. ...

House of Moray

• MacBeth (MacBeatha; Mac Bethad mac Findláich) (1040–1057)
• Lulach (Lulach mac Gillai Comgain) (1057–1058)

For other uses, see Macbeth (disambiguation). ... Lulach (Lulach mac Gilla Comgain) (c. ...

House of Dunkeld

Coronation of King Alexander III on Moot Hill, Scone. Scottish kings, by ancient tradition, were always supposed to be crowned at Scone.

• Malcolm III (Calum III; Máel Coluim mac Donnchada) (1058–1093)
• Donald III (Domhnall III; Domnall mac Donnchada) (1093–1094)
• Duncan II (Donnchadh II; Donnchad mac Maíl Choluim) (1094)
• Donald III (Domhnall III; Domnall mac Donnchada) (1094–1097)
• Edgar (Eagar/Eadgar; Etgair mac Maíl Choluim) (1097–1107)
• Alexander I (Alasdair I; Alaxandair mac Maíl Choluim) (1107–1124)
• Saint David I (Daibhidh I; Dabíd mac Maíl Choluim) (1124–1153)
• Malcolm IV (Calum IV; Máel Coluim mac Enric) (1153–1165)
• William I (Uilleam I; Uilliam mac Enric) (1165–1214)
• Alexander II (Alasdair II) (1214–1249)
• Alexander III (Alasdair III) (1249–1286)
• Margaret (Mairead; Maighread) (1286–1290)

Recognized as Queen by the Guardians of Scotland in the Treaty of Salisbury, Margaret, called the Maid of Norway, is nevertheless sometimes omitted from lists of Scots monarchs as she never set foot in Scotland and was never crowned at Scone. Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (887x779, 222 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Alexander III of Scotland Scotland Coronation Kingdom of Scotland Scone, Perth and Kinross List of monarchs of Scotland... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (887x779, 222 KB) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Alexander III of Scotland Scotland Coronation Kingdom of Scotland Scone, Perth and Kinross List of monarchs of Scotland... Scone (Modern Gaelic: Sgàin; Medieval: Scoine) (pronounced Scoon) is a town in Perth and Kinross, Scotland. ... Scone is a large village, a mile north of Perth, Scotland. ... Máel Coluim mac Donnchada (anglicised Malcolm III) (1030x1038–13 November 1093) was King of Scots. ... Donald III of Scotland (c. ... Duncan II (1060?- November 12, 1094) was king of Scotland and a son of Malcolm III and his first wife Ingibiorg and therefore a grandson of Duncan I. For a time he lived as a hostage in England and became king of the Scots after driving out his uncle, Donald... Donald III of Scotland (c. ... Edgar of Scotland (Etgair mac Maíl Coluim) (1074 – January 8, 1107 ), was king of Scotland from 1097 to 1107. ... Alexander I (Alasdair mac Maíl Coluim) (c. ... King David I (or Dabíd mac Maíl Choluim; also known as Saint David I or David I the Saint) (1084 – May 24, 1153), was King of Scotland from 1124 until his death, and the youngest son of Malcolm Canmore and of Saint Margaret (sister of Edgar Ætheling). ... Image of the young Máel Coluim IV, called Cenn Mór in the Gaelic annals of Ireland. ... William I the Lion ( known in Gaelic as Uilliam Garm1 or William the Rough), (1142/1143 - December 4, 1214) reigned as King of Scots from 1165 to 1214. ... Alexander II (August 24, 1198 – July 6, 1249), king of Scotland, son of William I, the Lion, and of Ermengarde of Beaumont, was born at Haddington, East Lothian, in 1198, and succeeded to the kingdom on the death of his father on 4 December 1214. ... Alexander III (September 4, 1241 – March 19, 1286), King of Scots, also known as Alexander the Glorious, ranks as one of Scotlands greatest kings. ... This article is about Margaret, Queen of Scots. ... The Guardians of Scotland were the de facto heads of state of Scotland during the First Interregnum of 1290-1292, and the Second Interregnum of 1296-1306. ...

First Interregnum

• Guardians of Scotland
  • William Fraser, Bishop of St Andrews
  • Duncan Macduff, Earl of Fife
  • Alexander Comyn, Earl of Buchan
  • Robert Wishart, Bishop of Glasgow
  • James Stewart, 5th High Steward of Scotland
  • John Comyn

The Guardians of Scotland were the de facto heads of state of Scotland during the First Interregnum of 1290-1292, and the Second Interregnum of 1296-1306. ... The seal of Bishop William Fraser. ... The Bishop of St. ... Mormaer Donnchadh IV of Fife ruled Fife, 1288 – 1353, and was in fact the last of the native Scottish rulers of the province. ... The title of Earl of Fife was created several times in the Peerages of Scotland, Ireland, and the United Kingdom. ... Alexander Comyn, Earl of Buchan (d. ... In the Peerage of Scotland the Kings of Scots have thrice created the title Earl of Buchan. ... Robert Wishart was Bishop of Glasgow during the Wars of Scottish Independence and a leading supporter of Robert Bruce. ... The Archbishop of Glasgow is the Ordinary of the Roman Catholic Metropolitan Archdiocese of Glasgow. ... James Stewart 5th High Steward of Scotland (c. ... John Comyn, Lord of Badenoch, nicknamed the Red Comyn, (died 10 February 1306) was a Scottish patriot and royal Competitor. ...

House of Balliol (Bailiol)

• John (Iain) (1292–1296)

John Balliol, the son of Devorguilla Balliol and John, 5th Baron de Balliol, was the king of Scotland from November 17, 1292-1296. ...

Second Interregnum

• Guardians of Scotland
  • Andrew de Moray (1297)
  • William Wallace (1297–1298)
  • Robert the Bruce, Earl of Carrick (1298–1300)
  • John Comyn (1298–1301)
  • William Lamberton, Bishop of St Andrews (1299–1301)
  • Sir Ingram de Umfraville (1300–1301)
  • John de Soules (1301–1304)
  • John Comyn (1302–1304)

The Guardians of Scotland were the de facto heads of state of Scotland during the First Interregnum of 1290-1292, and the Second Interregnum of 1296-1306. ... Andrew de Moray, a member of the Scottish nobility, went to prison with his father, Sir Andrew de Moray, following the 1296 Battle of Dunbar. ... William Wallace Sir William Wallace (c. ... Robert I, King of Scots, usually known as Robert the Bruce (July 11, 1274 – June 7, 1329, reigned 1306 – 1329), was, according to a modern biographer (Geoffrey Barrow), a great hero who lived in a minor country. ... The Earldom of Carrick has been created several times in the Peerage of Scotland and once in the Peerage of Ireland. ... John Comyn, Lord of Badenoch, nicknamed the Red Comyn, (died 10 February 1306) was a Scottish patriot and royal Competitor. ... William de Lamberton, sometimes modernized as William Lamberton, was Bishop of St. ... The Bishop of St. ... John Comyn, Lord of Badenoch, nicknamed the Red Comyn, (died 10 February 1306) was a Scottish patriot and royal Competitor. ...

House of Bruce (Bruis)

• Robert I the Bruce (Raibeart I) (1306–1329)
• David II (Daibidh II) (1329–1371)

Robert I, the Bruce, in a conjectural drawing Robert I, (Roibert a Briuis in medieval Gaelic, Raibeart Bruis in modern Scottish Gaelic and Robert de Brus or Robert de Bruys in Norman French), usually known in modern English today as Robert the Bruce (11 July 1274 – 7 June 1329), was... David II (March 5, 1324 – February 22, 1371) king of Scotland, son of King Robert the Bruce by his second wife, Elizabeth de Burgh (d. ...

House of Balliol

• Edward Balliol (Eideard) (Antiking 1329 – 1363)

Edward Balliol (c. ...

House of Stewart

Arms of Scotland: Or a lion rampant within a double tressure flory counterflory gules

• Robert II (Raibeart II) (1371–1390)
• Robert III (Raibeart III) (1390–1406)
• James I (Seumas I) (1406–1437)
• James II (Seumas II) (1437–1460)
• James III (Seumas III) (1460–1488)
• James IV (Seumas IV) (1488–1513)
• James V (Seumas V) (1513–1542)
• Mary I (Mairi) (1542–1587)

Image File history File links Armoiries_Ecosse. ... Image File history File links Armoiries_Ecosse. ... The Royal Coat of Arms of Scotland, used prior to 1603 by the Kings of Scotland The Royal Coat of Arms of Scotland is the historical coat of arms of the Kings and Queens of Scots, used by them until the personal union with the Kingdom of England in 1603. ... Robert the warrior and knight: the reverse side of Robert IIs Great Seal, enhanced as a 19th century steel engraving. ... Robert III (circa 1340 – April 4, 1406), king of Scotland (reigned 1390 - 1406), the eldest son of King Robert II by his mistress, Elizabeth Mure, became legitimised with the formal marriage of his parents about 1349. ... James I (December 10, 1394 – February 21, 1437) reigned as King of Scots from April 4, 1406 until February 21, 1437. ... James II of Scotland (October 16, 1430 – August 3, 1460) was king of Scotland from 1437 to 1460. ... James III of Scotland (1451/ 1452 – June 11, 1488), son of James II and Mary of Gueldres, created Duke of Rothesay at birth, king of Scotland from 1460 to 1488. ... James IV (March 17, 1473-September 9, 1513) - King of Scots from 1488 to 1513. ... James V (April 10, 1512 – December 14, 1542) was king of Scotland (September 9, 1513 – December 14, 1542). ... Mary I (Mary Stuart, popularly known as Mary, Queen of Scots); (December 8, 1542 – February 8, 1587) was Queen of Scots (the monarch of the Kingdom of Scotland) from December 14, 1542 to July 24, 1567. ...

House of Stuart-Lennox

• James VI (Seumas VI) (1587–1625), Union of the Crowns with Kingdom of England from (1603)
• Charles I (Teàrlach I) (1625–1649)
• Charles II (Teàrlach II) (1649–1685) (See also English Interregnum)
• James VII (Seumas VII) (1685–1689)
• Mary II (Mairi II) (1689–1694), co–monarch
• William II (Uilleam II) (1689–1702), co-monarch until 1694
• Anne (Anna) (1702–1714), though the Scottish throne was replaced with that of the Kingdom of Great Britain in 1707

From 1707, the titles King of Scots and Queen of Scots are incorrect. Hence, this list runs up to 1707; for monarchs after that date, see List of British monarchs. James VI and I (James Stuart) (June 19, 1566 – March 27, 1625) was King of Scots, King of England, and King of Ireland. ... The Union of Crowns refers to the accession to the thrones of England and Ireland of King James VI of Scotland in March 1603, following the death of his unmarried and childless cousin, Elizabeth I, the last monarch of the Tudor dynasty. ... Royal motto: Dieu et mon droit (French: God and my right)1 Capital Winchester, then London from 11th century. ... Charles I (19 November 1600 – 30 January 1649) was King of England, Scotland and Ireland from 27 March 1625 until his execution in 1649. ... Charles II (29 May 1630 – 6 February 1685) was the King of England, King of Scots, and King of Ireland from 30 January 1649 (de jure) or 29 May 1660 (de facto) until his death. ... The English Interregnum was the period of parliamentary and military rule in the land occupied by modern-day England and Wales after the English Civil War. ... James II of England/VII of Scotland (14 October 1633 – 16 September 1701) became King of Scots, King of England, and King of Ireland on 6 February 1685, and Duke of Normandy on 31 December 1660. ... Mary II (30 April 1662–28 December 1694) reigned as Queen of England and Ireland from 13 February 1689, and as Queen of Scotland (as Mary II of Scotland) from 11 April 1689 until her death. ... William III of England (The Hague, 14 November 1650 – Hampton Court, 8 March 1702; also known as William II of Scotland and William III of Orange) was a Dutch aristocrat and a Protestant Prince of Orange from his birth, Stadtholder of the main provinces of the Dutch Republic from 28... Anne (6 February 1665 – 1 August 1714) became Queen of England and Ireland and Queen of Scots on 8 March 1702. ... Scotland, England, (Great) Britain and United Kingdom see British Isles (terminology). ... This is a list of British monarchs, that is, the monarchs on the thrones of some of the various kingdoms that have existed on, or incorporated, the island of Great Britain, namely: England (united with Wales from 1536) up to 1707; Scotland up to 1707; The Kingdom of Great Britain...

Jacobite Claimants

• James VIII (Seumas VIII), also known as Old Pretender, the son of James VII, was claimant from 1701 until his death in 1766.
• Charles III (Teàrlach III), often called Bonnie Prince Charlie, was claimant from his father's death until his own death in 1788.
• Henry I (Eanraig I), the younger son of James VIII. As he was a cardinal, he left no offspring. Died in 1807.
• After 1807, the Jacobite claims passed first to the House of Savoy (1807-1840), then to the Modenese branch of the House of Habsburg-Lorraine (1840-1919), and finally to the House of Bavaria (since 1919). The current heir is Franz, Duke of Bavaria. Neither he nor any of his predecessors since 1807 have pursued their claim.

James Francis Edward Stuart, the Old Pretender Prince James Francis Edward Stuart or Stewart (June 10, 1688 – January 1, 1766) was a claimant of the thrones of Scotland and England (September 16, 1701 – January 1, 1766) and is commonly referred to as The Old Pretender. ... Events January 18 - Frederick I becomes King of Prussia. ... 1766 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... Charles Edward Louis John Casimir Silvester Maria Stuart (December 31, 1720 – January 31, 1788), was the exiled claimant to the thrones of England, Scotland, and Ireland, and was commonly known as Bonnie Prince Charlie. ... 1788 was a leap year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... Henry Benedict Cardinal Stuart (March 11, 1725 – July 13, 1807) was the fourth and last Jacobite to publicly claim the thrones of England, Scotland, and Ireland. ... The word cardinal comes from the Latin cardo for hinge and usually refers to things of fundamental importance, as in cardinal rule or cardinal sins. ... 1807 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... 1807 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... The House of Savoy or in Italian, La Casa di Savoia, or simply Casa Savoia, (or Savoie, French) is a dynasty of nobles who traditionally had their domain in Savoy, a region that includes present-day Piemonte, other parts of Northern Italy, and a smaller region in France. ... Flag of the Habsburg Monarchy; also used as the flag of the Austrian Empire until the Ausgleich of 1867. ... The following is a list of rulers during the history of Bavaria: // Dukes of Bavaria, 548-1623 Agilolfing Dynasty (see also Bavarii) ca. ... His Royal Highness the Duke of Bavaria Franz Bonaventura Adalbert Maria Herzog von Bayern (born July 14, 1933), styled as His Royal Highness The Duke of Bavaria, is head of the Wittelsbach family, the former ruling family of the Kingdom of Bavaria. ... 1807 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ...

Other Claimants

• In the 1970s, Ugandan dictator Idi Amin proclaimed himself King of Scotland.
• Many Micronational claiments

Idi Amin Dada (c. ... The micronation of Sealand A micronation – sometimes also referred to as a cybernation, fantasy country, model country, and new country project – is any entity that resembles independent nations or states but is unrecognized by them, and for the most part exist only on paper, on the Internet, or in the...

References

• An ancient, but useful work of reference for this article up to the year 1383 is John of Fordun's Chronicle of The Scottish Nation edited by W.F. Skene (Edinburgh, 1872)
• Plantagenet Somerset Fry. The Kings and Queens of England and Scotland. Grove Press, 1990. ISBN 0-8021-1386-9

See also

• British monarchy
• Scottish monarchs family tree
• List of Kings of the Picts
• List of regnal numerals of future British monarchs
• Idi Amin, who claimed to be King of Scotland
• Lord High Commissioner to the Parliament of Scotland
• List of Queens of Scotland
• List of monarchs of the British Isles by cause of death

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