This is a list of well-known recipients of the Presidential Medal of Freedom, grouped by the aspect of life in which they are/were renowned. The Presidential Medal of Freedom The Presidential Medal of Freedom is one of the two highest civilian awards in the United States and is bestowed by the President of the United States (the other award which is considered its equivalent is the Congressional Gold Medal, which is bestowed by an...

Academia

Architecture

• Buckminster Fuller
• Ludwig Mies van der Rohe (1963)
• I.M. Pei

Richard Buckminster “Bucky” Fuller (July 12, 1895 – July 1, 1983)[1] was an American visionary, designer, architect, poet, author, and inventor. ... Ludwig Mies van der Rohe born Maria Ludwig Michael Mies (March 27, 1886 – August 17, 1969) was a German architect. ... Ieoh Ming Pei (貝聿銘 pinyin Bèi Yùmíng) is a Chinese American architect born in Suzhou, China on April 26, 1917. ...

Computing

• Vinton G. Cerf
• Robert E. Kahn
• Gordon E. Moore

Vinton G. Cerf (born June 23, 1943) is commonly referred to as the father of the Internet. During his tenure from 1976 to 1982 with the United States Department of Defenses Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA), Cerf played a key role leading the development of Internet and Internet-related... Robert E. Kahn, along with Vinton G. Cerf, invented the TCP/IP protocol, the technology used to transmit information on the modern Internet. ... Gordon Moore Gordon Earl Moore (born January 3, 1929) is co-founder of Intel Corporation and the author of Moores law. ...

Economics

• Milton Friedman (1988)
• John Kenneth Galbraith (Twice, in 1946 from President Harry Truman and in 2000 from President Bill Clinton).
• Friedrich Hayek

Milton Friedman (July 31, 1912 – November 16, 2006) was an American Nobel Laureate economist and public intellectual. ... John Kenneth Galbraith John Kenneth Galbraith (October 15, 1908–April 29, 2006) was an influential Canadian-American economist. ... For the victim of Mt. ... William Jefferson Bill Clinton (born William Jefferson Blythe III[1] on August 19, 1946) was the 42nd President of the United States, serving from 1993 to 2001. ... Friedrich August von Hayek, CH (May 8, 1899 in Vienna – March 23, 1992 in Freiburg) was an Austrian-born British economist and political philosopher known for his defense of liberal democracy and free-market capitalism against socialist and collectivist thought in the mid-20th century. ...

Education

• Antonia Pantojas

Dr. Antonia Pantoja (September 13, 1922-May 24, 2002), born in San Juan, Puerto Rico - educator, a civil rights leader and founder of Aspira. Dr. Antonia Pantojas Pantojas began her primary studies in San Juan; she was later able to study at the University of Puerto Rico thanks to the...

History

• Robert Conquest
• Ariel Durant and Will Durant (1977)
• Vartan Gregorian
• David McCullough
• Samuel Eliot Morison

Dr. George Robert Ackworth Conquest (born July 15, 1917), British historian, became one of the best-known writers on the Soviet Union with the publication, in 1968, of his account of Stalins purges of the 1930s, The Great Terror. ... Ariel Durant, born Chaya Kaufman, (May 10, 1898_October 25, 1981) was the co-author of The Story of Civilization. ... Will Durant William James Durant (November 5, 1885–November 7, 1981) was an American philosopher, historian, and writer. ... Vartan Gregorian is a distinguished Iranian-American academic. ... David McCullough David Gaub McCullough (mə-kŭlə) (born July 7, 1933) is an American historian and bestselling author. ... RAdm Samuel Eliot Morison (1887-1976), USN historian Samuel Eliot Morison, RAdm, USNR (July 9, 1887 – May 15, 1976) was an American historian, notable for producing scholarly works that were both authoritative and highly readable, an ability recognized with two Pulitzer Prizes. ...

Literature

• Jacques Barzun
• T. S. Eliot
• Ralph Ellison
• Eric Hoffer
• Louis L'Amour
• James Michener
• Carl Sandburg
• John Steinbeck
• Elie Wiesel
• Thornton Wilder
• Edmund Wilson
• Tennessee Williams
• E.B. White

Jacques Martin Barzun (born November 30, 1907 - 2005) continues to be a leading voice in the fields of literature, education, and cultural history. ... Thomas Stearns Eliot, OM (September 26, 1888 – January 4, 1965), was a poet, dramatist and literary critic. ... Ralph Ellison (March 1, 1914[1] – April 16, 1994) was a scholar and writer. ... Eric Hoffer (July 25, 1898 – May 21, 1983) Eric Hoffer was a social and political philosopher who is best known for his book The True Believer (1951). ... Cover Louis LAmour book, Showdown at Yellow Butte. ... James Albert Michener (February 3, 1907? - October 16, 1997) was the American author of such books as Tales of the South Pacific (for which he won the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction in 1948), Hawaii, The Drifters, Centennial, The Source, The Fires of Spring, Chesapeake, Caribbean, Caravans, Alaska, Texas and Poland. ... Carl Sandburg in 1955 Carl August Sandburg (January 6, 1878 – July 22, 1967) was an American poet, historian, novelist, balladeer, and folklorist. ... John Ernst Steinbeck (February 27, 1902 – December 20, 1968) was one of the best-known and most widely read American writers of the 20th century. ... Eliezer Wiesel, KBE (commonly known as Elie Wiesel, born September 30, 1928)[1] is a Romania-born American-Jewish novelist, political activist, Nobel Laureate and Holocaust survivor. ... Image:Thorntonwilderteeth. ... Edmund Wilson (May 8, 1895 – June 12, 1972) was an American writer, noted chiefly for his literary criticism. ... Thomas Lanier Williams III (March 26, 1911 – February 25, 1983), better known by the pseudonym Tennessee Williams, was a major American playwright and one of the prominent playwrights of the twentieth century. ... Elwyn Brooks White (July 11, 1899–October 1, 1985) was an American essayist, author, and noted prose stylist. ...

Medicine

• Denton Cooley
• Michael DeBakey
• "D.A. Henderson Donald Henderson
• C. Everett Koop
• Karl Menninger
• Arnall Patz
• Albert Sabin
• Jonas Salk

Dr. Denton A. Cooley (b. ... Michael Ellis DeBakey, M.D. (born September 7, 1908), is a pioneering cardiovascular surgeon and researcher. ... Donald D.A. Ainslie Henderson, MD, is an epidemiologist at Johns Hopkins University who was vital in the international effort during the 1960s to eradicate smallpox. ... C. Everett Koop Charles Everett Koop, M.D. (born October 14, 1916 in Brooklyn, New York) is an American physician. ... Karl Menninger (1893-1990) was an American Psychiatrist and a member of the famous Menninger family of psychiatrists who founded the Menninger Foundation and the Menninger Clinic in Topeka, Kansas. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... Jonas Edward Salk (October 28, 1914 – June 23, 1995) was an American physician and researcher best known for the development of the first successful polio vaccine (the eponymous Salk vaccine). ...

Philosophy

• Will Durant
• Sidney Hook

Will Durant William James Durant (November 5, 1885–November 7, 1981) was an American philosopher, historian, and writer. ... Sidney Hook (December 20, 1902–July 12, 1989) was a prominent New York intellectual and philosopher who championed pragmatism. ...

Science

• Apollo 11 Astronauts
  • Edwin "Buzz" Aldrin
  • Neil Armstrong
  • Michael Collins
• Apollo 13 Astronauts
  • Fred Haise
  • Jim Lovell
  • Jack Swigert
• Apollo 13 Mission Operations Team
• Rachel Carson (1980, posthumously)
• Jacques-Yves Cousteau (1985)
• Lewis Mumford (1964)
• Edward Teller (2003)

The Apollo 11 mission was the first manned mission to land on the Moon. ... Colonel Buzz Eugene Aldrin, Sc. ... This article is about the former American astronaut. ... Michael Collins (born October 31, 1930) is a former American astronaut and test pilot. ... Original crew photo. ... Fred Wallace Haise, Jr. ... Captain James Jim Arthur Lovell, Jr. ... John Leonard Jack Swigert, Jr. ... President Richard M. Nixon awards the Presidential Medal of Freedom to the Apollo 13 Mission Operations Team. ... Rachel Louise Carson (May 27, 1907 — April 14, 1964) was an American marine biologist and nature writer whose landmark book, Silent Spring, is often credited with having launched the global environmental movement. ... Jacques-Yves Cousteau in 1976. ... Lewis Mumford (October 19, 1895 – January 26, 1990) was an American historian of technology and science. ... Edward Teller (original Hungarian name Teller Ede) (January 15, 1908 – September 9, 2003) was a Austria-Hungary-born American theoretical physicist, known colloquially as the father of the hydrogen bomb. ...

Sociology

• Robert Coles
• James Q. Wilson

Robert Coles (b. ... James Q. Wilson (born May 27, 1931) is the Ronald Reagan professor of public policy at Pepperdine University in California, and a professor emeritus at UCLA. He has a Ph. ...

Arts

Art

• Norman Rockwell
• Georgia O'Keeffe
• Andrew Wyeth

Norman Percevel Rockwell (February 3, 1894 – November 8, 1978) was a 20th century American painter. ... Georgia Tottoeanocomita OKeeffe (November 15, 1887—March 6, 1986) was an American artist. ... Long Limb, Tempera, 1999, by Andrew Wyeth Andrew Newell Wyeth (born July 12, 1917) is an American realist painter, one of the best-known of the 20th century and sometimes referred to as the Painter of the People due to his popularity with the American public. ...

Dance

• George Balanchine
• Martha Graham
• Gene Kelly

George Balanchine (January 9 (O.S.) = January 22 (N.S.), 1904–April 30, 1983) was one of the 20th centurys foremost choreographers, and one of the founders of American ballet. ... For the supercentenarian, see Martha Graham (supercentenarian). ... Eugene Curran Kelly (August 23, 1912 – February 2, 1996), better known as Gene Kelly, was an American dancer, actor, singer, director, producer, and choreographer. ...

Film

• Lucille Ball (1989, posthumously)
• James Cagney (1984)
• Bebe Daniels
• Doris Day (2004)
• Marlene Dietrich
• Walt Disney (1964)
• Kirk Douglas (1981)
• John Ford
• Samuel Goldwyn
• Helen Hayes
• Audrey Hepburn
• Charlton Heston (2003)
• Bob Hope (1969)
• Danny Kaye
• Carole Lombard (1942, posthumously)
• Rita Moreno (2004)
• Gregory Peck (1969)
• Jimmy Stewart
• John Wayne (1980, posthumously)

Lucille Désirée Ball (August 6, 1911 – April 26, 1989) was an iconic American actor, comedian and star of the landmark sitcom I Love Lucy, a four time Emmy Award winner (awarded 1953, 1956, 1967, 1968) and charter member of the Television Hall of Fame. ... James Francis Cagney, Jr. ... Bebe Daniels (January 14, 1901 - March 16, 1971) was an American actress. ... Doris Mary Ann von Kappelhoff (born April 3, 1924)[1] is an American singer, actress, and animal welfare advocate known as Doris Day. ... Marlene Dietrich IPA: ; (December 27, 1901 – May 6, 1992) was a German-born American actress, singer, and entertainer. ... For the company founded by Disney, see The Walt Disney Company. ... Kirk Douglas (born Issur Danielovitch Demsky December 9, 1916) is an iconic American actor and film producer known for his gravelly voice and his recurring roles as the kinds of characters Douglas himself once described as sons of bitches. He is also father to Hollywood actor and producer Michael Douglas. ... John Ford (February 1, 1894 - August 31, 1973) was one of the most accomplished American film directors of the 1930s to 1960s, known particularly as a director of the Westerns, although his tributes to the veterans of World War II and Americana are also equally effective. ... Samuel Goldwyn (July 1882 (some sources say 17 August 1882, others 1879 [1]) – 31 January 1974) was an Academy Award and Golden Globe Award-winning producer, also a well-known Hollywood motion picture producer and founding contributor of several motion picture studios. ... Helen Hayes (October 10, 1900 – March 17, 1993) was a two-time Academy Award-winning American actress whose successful and award-winning career spanned almost 70 years. ... Audrey Hepburn (4 May 1929 - 20 January 1993) was an Academy Award and Tony Award winning Anglo-Dutch actress of film and theatre, Broadway stage performer, ballerina, fashion model, and humanitarian. ... This article contains a trivia section. ... Bob Hope, KBE (May 29, 1903 – July 27, 2003), born Leslie Townes Hope, was an English-Born American entertainer who appeared in vaudeville, on Broadway, on radio and television, in movies, and in performing tours for U.S. Military personnel, well known for his good natured humor and career longevity. ... Kaye entertaining U.S. troops at Sasebo, Japan, 25 Oct 1945 David Daniel Kaminsky, known as Danny Kaye (January 18, 1913 – March 3, 1987) was an American actor, singer and comedian. ... Carole Lombard (October 6, 1908 – January 16, 1942) was an American actress. ... Rita Moreno on the 1962 album cover for Academy Award Winner Rita Moreno Sings Rita Moreno (born December 11, 1931 in Humacao, Puerto Rico) is an Academy Award-winning actress and the first and only Puerto Rican actress in history (as well as one of only nine people) to have... Gregory Peck (April 5, 1916 – June 12, 2003) was an Oscar-winning American film actor. ... Jimmy Stewart, photographed by Carl Van Vechten, 1934 James Maitland Stewart (May 20, 1908 – July 2, 1997) was an American film actor beloved for his persona as an average guy who faces adversity and tries to do the right thing, an image which was largely reflected in his own... For other persons named John Wayne, see John Wayne (disambiguation). ...

Music

• Marian Anderson
• Pearl Bailey
• Irving Berlin
• Pau Casals
• Van Cliburn
• Aaron Copland
• Plácido Domingo
• Duke Ellington
• Ella Fitzgerald
• Aretha Franklin
• B. B. King
• Frank Sinatra
• Kate Smith
• Isaac Stern

Marian Anderson (February 27, 1897 – April 8, 1993),[1] was an American contralto, perhaps best remembered for her performance on Easter Sunday, 1939 on the steps of the Lincoln Memorial in Washington, D.C. // Anderson was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. ... Pearl Bailey in “St. ... Irving Berlin (May 11, 1888 – September 22, 1989) was an American composer and lyricist, one of the most prodigious and famous American songwriters in history. ... Casals redirects here. ... Cliburn playing in the final round of the First International Tchaikovsky Piano Competition Harvey Lavan Cliburn Jr. ... Aaron Copland Aaron Copland (November 14, 1900 – December 2, 1990) was an American composer of concert and film music, as well as an accomplished pianist. ... Plácido Domingo José Plácido Domingo Embil KBE (born January 21,1941), better known as Plácido Domingo, is a world-renowned operatic tenor. ... This article is about the American Jazz composer and performer. ... Ella Jane Fitzgerald (April 25, 1917 – June 15, 1996), also known as Lady Ella and the First Lady of Song, is considered one of the most influential jazz vocalists of the 20th Century. ... Aretha Louise Franklin (born March 25, 1942) is an American R&B, Pop and Gospel singer, songwriter, and pianist. ... Riley B. King (born September 16, 1925 in Itta Bena, Mississippi) better known as B. B. King or The King of Blues, is an American blues guitarist and singer-songwriter, widely considered one of the best and most respected blues musicians of all time. ... “Sinatra” redirects here. ... Kate Smith on the cover of a posthumous 1991 collection 16 Most Requested Songs Kathryn Elizabeth Smith (May 1, 1907 – June 17, 1986) was a Washington, D.C.-born singer best known for her rendition of Irving Berlins God Bless America. She greeted audiences with Hello, everybody! and signed... Isaac Stern (July 21, 1920 – September 22, 2001) is widely considered one of the finest violin virtuosi of the twentieth century. ...

Photography

• Ansel Adams (1980)
• Edwin H. Land (1963)

Ansel Easton Adams (February 20, 1902 – April 22, 1984) was an American photographer, best known for his black-and-white photographs of the American West. ... Edwin Herbert Land Edwin Herbert Land (May 12, 1909 â€“ March 1, 1991) was an American scientist and inventor. ...

Business and economics

• Edgar M. Bronfman, Sr.
• Edward J. DeBartolo Sr.
• Peter Drucker
• Milton Friedman
• Alan Greenspan
• Estée Lauder
• David Rockefeller
• Dave Thomas
• Juan Trippe
• Sam Walton
• Walter B. Wriston
• James W. Rouse

Edward John DeBartolo Sr. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Milton Friedman (July 31, 1912 – November 16, 2006) was an American Nobel Laureate economist and public intellectual. ... Alan Greenspan (born March 6, 1926 in New York City) is an American economist and was Chairman of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve of the United States from 1987 to 2006. ... Estée Lauder with a customer (1966) Estée Lauder (January 7, 1907 – April 24, 2004) was the co-founder, with her husband Joseph Lauder, of Estée Lauder Companies, a pioneering cosmetics company. ... David Rockefeller, Sr. ... For other persons of the same name, see David Thomas. ... Trippe, Time, 1933 Juan Terry Trippe (June 27, 1899 – April 3, 1981) was an airline entrepreneur and pioneer. ... Samuel Moore Walton (March 29, 1918 – April 6, 1992), born in Kingfisher, Oklahoma was the founder of two American retailers Wal-Mart and Sams Club. ... Walter Wriston (August 3, 1919 – January 19, 2005) was a banker and former chairman of Citicorp. ... Rouse on the August 24, 1981 cover of TIME. James Wilson Rouse (April 26, 1914 - April 9, 1996) was a pioneering real estate developer civic activist, and later, free enterprise-based philanthropist. ...

Environmentalism

• Gilbert M. Grosvenor
• Margaret Murie
• Roger Tory Peterson
• Edgar Wayburn
• Rachel Carson

Margaret Mardy Thomas Murie (August 18, 1902-October 19, 2003) was the enabling force behind the Wilderness Act in the United States, and the protection of the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge. ... Roger Tory Peterson (August 28, 1908 – July 28, 1996), was an American naturalist, ornithologist, artist, and educator, and held to be one of the founding inspirations for the 20th century environmental movement. ... Edgar Wayburn (born September 17, 1906) is a noted environmentalist who was elected president of the Sierra Club five times in the 1960s. ... Rachel Louise Carson (May 27, 1907 — April 14, 1964) was an American marine biologist and nature writer whose landmark book, Silent Spring, is often credited with having launched the global environmental movement. ...

Law

• Warren Burger
• Oliver White Hill
• Thurgood Marshall
• Cruz Reynoso
• Earl Warren
• Byron White
• A. Leon Higginbotham, Jr.
• Felix Frankfurter

Warren Burger at a press conference in May 1969 shortly after he was nominated to be Chief Justice of the United States. ... Civil rights pioneer Oliver Hill honored at dedication ceremony at Virginia s Capitol Square in Richmond in October, 2005 Oliver White Hill (born 1907) is best known as a civil rights attorney from Richmond, Virginia, United States. ... Thurgood Marshall (July 2, 1908 – January 24, 1993) was an American jurist and the first African American to serve on the Supreme Court of the United States. ... Cruz Reynoso (born May 2, 1931) was the first Hispanic person to serve on the California Supreme Court. ... For the swing saxophonist and occasional singer, see Earle Warren Earl Warren (March 19, 1891 – July 9, 1974) was a California district attorney of Alameda County, the 20th Attorney General of California, the 30th Governor of California, and the 14th Chief Justice of the United States (from 1953 to 1969). ... Byron Raymond White (June 8, 1916 – April 15, 2002) won fame both as a football running back and as an associate justice of the Supreme Court of the United States. ... Judge Higginbotham (right) with President Clinton at a Medal of Freedom ceremony on September 29, 1995 Aloyisus Leon Higginbotham, Jr. ... Felix Frankfurter (November 15, 1882 – February 22, 1965) was an Associate Justice of the United States Supreme Court. ...

Media

Journalism

• Robert L. Bartley
• Herb Block
• William F. Buckley, Jr.
• Walter Cronkite
• Paul Johnson
• Edward R. Murrow
• William Safire

Robert Leroy Bartley (October 12, 1937 - December 10, 2003) was the editor of the opinion page of The Wall Street Journal for more than 30 years. ... Herbert Lawrence Block, called Herblock (October 13, 1909 - October 7, 2001), was a U.S. editorial cartoonist. ... This article is about the conservative journalist and commentator. ... Walter Leland Cronkite, Jr. ... Paul Johnson (born Paul Bede Johnson on 2 November 1928 in Manchester, England) is a British Roman Catholic journalist, historian, speechwriter and author. ... April 8, 1956: CBS newsman Edward R. Murrow talking to reporters during a stop in Wiesbaden, Germany. ... William Safire receiving the 2006 Presidential Medal of Freedom. ...

Radio

• Paul Harvey

For the Stuckist artist, see Paul Harvey (artist). ...

Television

• David Brinkley
• Carol Burnett
• Johnny Carson
• Peggy Charren
• Julia Child
• Bill Cosby
• Andy Griffith
• Fred Rogers
• Lucille Ball

David Brinkley David McClure Brinkley (July 10, 1920 – June 11, 2003) was a popular American television newscaster for two different USA television networks, NBC, and later, ABC. From 1956 through 1970 he co-anchored NBCs top rated nightly news program, The Huntley–Brinkley Report with Chet Huntley. ... Carol Creighton Burnett (born April 26, 1933) is a five-time Golden Globe winning American actress and comedienne. ... For other persons named John Carson, see John Carson (disambiguation). ... Peggy Charren (born 1928) founded Action for Childrens Television (ACT) in 1968 in an effort to improve the quality of childrens television programming. ... Julia Child (August 15, 1912–August 13, 2004) was a famous American cook, author, and television personality who introduced French cuisine and cooking techniques to the American mainstream through her many cookbooks and television programs. ... William Henry Bill Cosby, Jr. ... Not to be confused with Andy Griffiths. ... The Reverend Frederick McFeely Fred Rogers (March 20, 1928 – February 27, 2003) was an American educator, minister, songwriter and television host. ... Lucille Désirée Ball (August 6, 1911 – April 26, 1989) was an iconic American actor, comedian and star of the landmark sitcom I Love Lucy, a four time Emmy Award winner (awarded 1953, 1956, 1967, 1968) and charter member of the Television Hall of Fame. ...

Philanthropy

• Brooke Astor
• Eugene Lang

Brooke Astor (March 30, 1902 - August 13, 2007) was an American socialite and philanthropist who was the chairwoman of the Vincent Astor Foundation, which had been established by her third husband. ... Eugene M. Lang or Gene Lang (In Hungarian: Láng Jenő) (New York City, 1919–) is a Hungarian-American philanthropist who founded REFAC Technology Development Corporation in 1951. ...

Politics and government

Activists

• Arnold Aronson
• César Chávez
• Evelyn Dubrow
• James L. Farmer Jr.
• Jesse Jackson
• Helen Keller
• Martin Luther King, Jr.
• Fred Korematsu
• Roger Nash Baldwin
• Mario G. Obledo
• Rosa Parks
• Ginetta Sagan
• Natan Sharansky
• Marian Wright Edelman
• Andrew Young

César Estrada Chávez (March 31, 1927 – April 23, 1993) was a Mexican American (Chicano) farm worker, labor leader, and civil rights activist who co-founded the National Farm Workers Association, which later became the United Farm Workers. ... Evelyn Dubrow (March 6, 1911, Passaic, New Jersey - June 20, 2006, Washington, D.C.) was a legendary labor lobbyist for the International Ladies Garment Workers Union, who received the Presidential Medal of Freedom from President Clinton in 1999. ... James Leonard Farmer Jr. ... Jesse Louis Jackson, Sr. ... Helen Adams Keller (June 27, 1880 – June 1, 1968) was a deafblind American author, activist and lecturer. ... “MLK” redirects here. ... This article is about Fred Korematsu. ... Roger Nash Baldwin (January 21, 1884 – August 26, 1981) was a noted civil libertarian, pacifist, and social activist who held Communist views at least until age 55. ... Rosa Louise McCauley Parks (February 4, 1913 – October 24, 2005) was an African American civil rights activist and seamstress whom the U.S. Congress dubbed the Mother of the Modern-Day Civil Rights Movement. Parks is famous for her refusal on December 1, 1955 to obey bus driver James Blake... Natan Sharansky (Hebrew: נתן שרנסקי, Russian: Натан Борисович Щаранский; born January 20, 1948) is a notable former Soviet anticommunist, Zionist, Israeli politician and writer. ... Marian Wright Edelman (born June 6, 1939) is the president and founder of the Childrens Defense Fund. ... Andrew Jackson Young, Jr. ...

Diplomacy

• John P. Davies
• George F. Kennan
• Jeane Kirkpatrick
• Sol M. Linowitz
• Gerard C. Smith
• Robert S. Strauss

John Paton Davies Jr. ... George Frost Kennan (February 16, 1904 – March 17, 2005) was an American advisor, diplomat, political scientist, and historian, best known as the father of containment and as a key figure in the emergence of the Cold War. ... Jeane Kirkpatrick Jeane Jordan Kirkpatrick (November 19, 1926 â€“ December 7, 2006) was an American ambassador and an ardent anticommunist. ... Sol Myron Linowitz (December 17, 1913 – March 18, 2005) was an American diplomat, lawyer, and businessman who helped negotiate the return of the Panama Canal to Panama under the direction of President Jimmy Carter. ... Gerard Coad Smith (May 4, 1914 - July 4, 1994) was the chief U.S. delegate to the Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (START) in 1969 and the first U.S. Chairman of the Trilateral Commission. ... Robert Schwarz Strauss (born in Lockhart, Texas, September 19, 1918) business, community and public service activities cover a broad spectrum. ...

Espionage

• Moe Berg^[1]
• William Stephenson
• George Tenet
• Claire Phillips
• Andrée de Jongh

Morris Moe Berg (March 2, 1902 – May 29, 1972) was an American Major League Baseball catcher who also served briefly as a spy for the United States. ... Sir William Samuel Stephenson, CC , MC , DFC (January 23, 1897 – January 31, 1989) was a Canadian soldier, airman, businessman, inventor, spymaster, and the senior representative of British intelligence for the entire western hemisphere during World War II. Stephenson is best-known by his wartime intelligence codename of Intrepid. ... George Tenet George John Tenet (born January 5, 1953) is Distinguished Professor in the Practice of Diplomacy at Georgetown University and was previously the Director of Central Intelligence for the United States Central Intelligence Agency. ... Claire Phillips (1908-1960), also known as Clara Fuentes or High Pockets, was an American spy who worked in the Japanese controlled Philippines during World War II. In 1951, upon the recommendation of General Douglas MacArthur, she became the first woman to receive the Presidential Medal of Freedom. ... Andree de Jongh (born 1916) was a member of Belgian Resistance who organized a Comet Line for escaped Allied soldiers during the World War II. Andree de Jongh was born 1916 in Schaerbeek, Belgium to a family of headmaster Frederich de Jongh. ...

Military

• Omar Bradley
• Wesley Clark
• William J. Crowe
• Jimmy Doolittle
• Tommy Franks
• Andrew Goodpaster (1961: military); (1984: international affairs)
• Richard B. Myers
• Jan Nowak-Jeziorański
• Colin Powell
• Hyman Rickover
• H. Norman Schwarzkopf
• John Paul Vann
• Nancy Wake
• Chuck Yeager
• Elmo R. Zumwalt Jr.

Omar Nelson Bradley (February 12, 1893 – April 8, 1981) was one of the main U.S. Army field commanders in North Africa and Europe during World War II and a General of the Army of the United States Army. ... Wesley Kanne Clark (born December 23, 1944) is a retired four-star general of the United States Army. ... William J. Crowe (January 2, 1925–) was a Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff under Presidents Ronald Reagan and George Bush, and served as the Ambassador to the United Kingdom under President Bill Clinton. ... General James Harold Jimmy Doolittle, Sc. ... General Tommy Ray Franks KBE (born June 17, 1945 in Wynnewood, Oklahoma) is a retired General in the United States Army, previously serving as the Commanding General of United States Central Command, overseeing United States Armed Forces operations in a 25-country region, including the Middle East. ... Andrew Jackson Goodpaster (12 February 1915 - 17 May 2005) was a notable American general. ... General Richard B. Myers General Richard Bowman Myers (born March 1, 1942) of the United States Air Force is the current Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, the highest ranking uniformed position in the United States Armed Forces. ... Jan Nowak-Jeziorański Jan Nowak-Jeziorański (October 3, 1914 – January 20, 2005) was a Polish journalist, writer, politician, social worker and patriot. ... General Colin Luther Powell, United States Army (Ret. ... Hyman George Rickover, (January 27, 1900 - July 8, 1986) was a US Navy Admiral known as the Father of the Nuclear Navy. ... Herbert Norman Schwarzkopf Jr. ... John Paul Vann (July 2, 1924 – June 9, 1972) was a Lieutenant Colonel in the United States Army, later retired, who became well-known for his role in the Vietnam War. ... 1945 Studio portrait of Nancy Wake (AWM P00885. ... Charles Elwood Chuck Yeager (born on February 13, 1923) is a retired Brigadier General in the United States Air Force and a noted test pilot. ... Elmo R. Zumwalt Elmo Russell Zumwalt, Jr. ...

Other heads of state or government

• Don Luis A. Ferré
• Václav Havel
• Helmut Kohl (1999)
• Nelson Mandela
• Wilma Mankiller
• Luis Muñoz Marín
• Margaret Thatcher
• Pope John XXIII
• Pope John Paul II

Don Luis Alberto Ferré Aguayo (February 17, 1904 – October 21, 2003) was an engineer, industrialist, politician, philanthropist, and a patron of the arts. ... Václav Havel, GCB, CC, (IPA: ) (born October 5, 1936 in Prague) is a Czech writer and dramatist. ... Helmut Josef Michael Kohl (born April 3, 1930) is a German conservative politician and statesman. ... Nelson Rolihlahla Mandela (IPA: ) (born 18 July 1918) is the former President of South Africa, and the first to be elected in fully representative democratic elections. ... Wilma Pearl Mankiller (born November 18, 1945 in Tahlequah, Oklahoma) was the first female Chief of the Cherokee Nation. ... José Luis Alberto Muñoz Marín (February 18, 1898 – April 30, 1980) was a poet, journalist and politician. ... Margaret Hilda Thatcher, Baroness Thatcher, LG, OM, PC (née Roberts; born 13 October 1925) served as British Prime Minister from 1979 to 1990 and leader of the Conservative Party from 1975 until 1990, being the first (and, to date, only) woman to hold either post. ... Pope John XXIII (Latin: ; Italian: Giovanni XXIII), born Angelo Giuseppe Roncalli (November 25, 1881 – June 3, 1963), was elected as the 261st Pope of the Catholic Church and sovereign of Vatican City on October 28, 1958. ... Coat of Arms of Pope John Paul II. The Letter M is for Mary, the mother of Jesus, to whom he held strong devotion Pope John Paul II (Latin: , Italian: Giovanni Paolo II, Polish: Jan PaweÅ‚ II) born   []; 18 May 1920 – 2 April 2005) reigned as the 264th Pope of...

U.S. Cabinet Members

• Dean Acheson
• James Baker
• Zbigniew Brzezinski
• Warren Christopher
• C. Douglas Dillon
• Bob Fredrikson
• Henry Kissinger
• Robert S. McNamara
• Norman Mineta
• William Perry
• Colin Powell (twice)
• Elliot L. Richardson
• Donald Rumsfeld
• Caspar Weinberger
• Melvin Laird

Dean Acheson Dean Gooderham Acheson (April 11, 1893 – October 12, 1971) was an American statesman and lawyer; as United States Secretary of State in the late 1940s he played the central role in defining American foreign policy for the Cold War. ... James Addison Baker III (born April 28, 1930) served as the Chief of Staff in President Ronald Reagans first administration, Secretary of the Treasury from 1985 to 1988 in the second Reagan administration, and Secretary of State in the administration of President George H. W. Bush. ... Zbigniew Kazimierz Brzezinski (born March 28, 1928, Warsaw, Poland) is a Polish-American political scientist, geostrategist, and statesman. ... Warren Minor Christopher (born October 27, 1925) is an American diplomat and lawyer. ... Dillons signature, as used on American currency Clarence Douglas Dillon (August 21, 1909 – January 10, 2003) son of Clarence and Ann (Douglass) Dillon, was U.S. Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary to France (1953-1957) and 57th secretary of the United States Department of the Treasury (1961-1965). ... Henry Alfred Kissinger (born Heinz Alfred Kissinger on May 27, 1923) is a German-born American diplomat, and 1973 Nobel Peace Prize laureate. ... Robert McNamara in 1964 Robert Strange McNamara (born June 9, 1916), American businessman and politician, was United States Secretary of Defense from 1961 to 1968. ... Norman Yoshio Mineta (born November 12, 1931) is an American politician of the Democratic Party. ... Secretary of Defense William Perry talks to reporters at Kigali Airport, Rwanda after his arrival to check on status of the relief operation, 1994. ... General Colin Luther Powell, United States Army (Ret. ... Elliot Lee Richardson Elliot Lee Richardson (July 20, 1920 - December 31, 1999) was an American lawyer and politician who was a member of the cabinet of President Richard Nixon, but he managed to avoid being tainted by the Watergate Scandal. ... Donald Henry Rumsfeld (born July 9, 1932) is a U.S. Republican politician and businessman, who was the 13th Secretary of Defense under President Gerald Ford from 1975 to 1977, and the 21st Secretary of Defense under President George W. Bush from 2001 to 2006. ... Caspar Willard Cap Weinberger, GBE (August 18, 1917 – March 28, 2006), was an American politician and Secretary of Defense under President Ronald Reagan from January 21, 1981, until November 23, 1987, making him the third longest-serving defense secretary to date, after Robert McNamara and Donald Rumsfeld. ... Melvin Robert Laird (born September 1, 1922) was a Republican congressman from Wisconsin who served as Richard Nixons Secretary of Defense from 1969 to 1973. ...

U.S. First Ladies

• Lady Bird Johnson
• Rosalynn Carter
• Nancy Reagan

Claudia Alta Lady Bird Taylor Johnson (December 22, 1912 – July 11, 2007)[1] was a First Lady of the United States, having been the wife of U.S. President Lyndon B. Johnson. ... Eleanor Rosalynn Smith Carter (born August 18, 1927) is the wife of former President Jimmy Carter and was First Lady of the United States from 1977 to 1981. ... Nancy Davis Reagan (born Anne Frances Robbins on July 6, 1921) is the widow of former United States President Ronald Reagan and was First Lady of the United States from 1981 to 1989. ...

U.S. Members of Congress

• Lloyd M. Bentsen
• Edward W. Brooke
• John H. Chafee
• Bob Dole
• Dante B. Fascell
• William Fulbright
• Barry Goldwater
• Henry M. Jackson
• Barbara Jordan
• Clare Boothe Luce (1983)
• George McGovern
• G. V. (Sonny) Montgomery
• Daniel Patrick Moynihan
• Tip O'Neill
• Margaret Chase Smith
• Mo Udall
• Carl Vinson

Lloyd Millard Bentsen Jr. ... Edward William Brooke III (born October 26, 1919) is an American politician and was the first African American to be elected by popular vote to the United States Senate when he was elected as a Republican from Massachusetts in 1966, defeating his Democratic opponent, Endicott Peabody 58%-42%. Born in... John Lester Hubbard Chafee (22 October 1922 - 24 October 1999) was an officer in the U.S. Marines, a governor of Rhode Island, the Secretary of the Navy and a United States Senator. ... § Robert Joseph Dole (born July 22, 1923) was a United States Senator from Kansas from 1969-1996, serving part of that time as United States Senate Majority Leader. ... Dante Bruno Fascell (March 9, 1917 - November 28, 1998) was a politician from the state of Florida. ... James William Fulbright (April 9, 1905 – February 9, 1995) was a well-known member of the United States Senate representing Arkansas. ... Barry Morris Goldwater (January 1, 1909 – May 29, 1998) was a five-term United States Senator from Arizona (1953–1965, 1969–87) and the Republican Partys nominee for president in the 1964 election. ... Henry Martin Scoop Jackson (May 31, 1912 – September 1, 1983) was a U.S. Congressman and Senator for Washington State from 1941 until his death. ... Barbara Charline Jordan (February 21, 1936 – January 17, 1996) was an American politician from Texas. ... Clare Boothe Luce (April 10, 1903 – October 9, 1987) was an American editor, playwright, social activist, politician, journalist, and diplomat. ... George McGovern on May 8, 1972 cover of Time Magazine George Stanley McGovern, Ph. ... Congresman Sonny Montgomery (second from left) receives the Presidential Medal of Freedom Gillespie V. Sonny Montgomery (August 5, 1920 – May 12, 2006) was born in Meridian, Mississippi. ... Daniel Patrick “Pat” Moynihan (March 16, 1927 – March 26, 2003) was a United States Senator, Ambassador, and eminent sociologist. ... Thomas Phillip ONeill, Jr. ... Margaret Chase Smith (December 14, 1897–May 29, 1995) was a Republican Senator from Maine, and one of the most successful politicians in Maine history. ... Morris Udall Morris King Udall (June 15, 1922 – December 12, 1998), better known as Mo, was an American politician who served as a U.S. Representative from Arizona from May 2, 1961 to May 4, 1991. ... Carl Vinson Carl Vinson (November 18, 1883 – June 1, 1981) was a Democratic United States Congressman from Georgia. ...

U.S. Presidents

• Jimmy Carter
• Gerald Ford
• Lyndon B. Johnson
• John F. Kennedy
• Ronald Reagan

For other persons named Jimmy Carter, see Jimmy Carter (disambiguation). ... For other persons named Gerald Ford, see Gerald Ford (disambiguation). ... “LBJ” redirects here. ... John Kennedy and JFK redirect here. ... “Reagan” redirects here. ...

U.S. Vice Presidents

• Dick Cheney, as Secretary of Defense during first Persian Gulf War in 1990-1991
• Hubert Humphrey
• Nelson Rockefeller

Richard Bruce Cheney (born January 30, 1941), widely known as Dick Cheney, is an American politician and businessman affiliated with the U.S. Republican Party. ... The United States Secretary of Defense is the head of the United States Department of Defense, concerned with the armed services and The Secretary is a member of the Presidents Cabinet. ... See also: 2003 invasion of Iraq and Gulf War (disambiguation) C Company, 1st Battalion, The Staffordshire Regiment, 1st UK Armoured Division The Persian Gulf War was a conflict between Iraq and a coalition force of 34 nations led by the United States. ... Year 1990 (MCMXC) was a common year starting on Monday (link displays the 1990 Gregorian calendar). ... Year 1991 (MCMXCI) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the 1991 Gregorian calendar). ... Hubert Horatio Humphrey, Jr. ... Nelson Aldrich Rockefeller (July 8, 1908 – January 26, 1979) was an American Vice President, governor of New York State, philanthropist and businessman. ...

Other political figures

• James Brady
• Paul Bremer
• Whittaker Chambers
• Max Kampelman
• Irving Kristol
• Jean Monnet, statesman of the world, 1963
• Paul Nitze
• Norman Podhoretz
• Albert Shanker
• Simon Wiesenthal
• Aung San Suu Kyi, December 6, 2000
• Whitney Young

James Brady James Scott “Jim” Brady (born August 29, 1940) was Assistant to the President and White House Press Secretary under President Ronald Reagan. ... L. Paul Bremer Lewis Paul Bremer III, also known as Jerry Bremer, (born September 30, 1941) was named Director of Reconstruction and Humanitarian Assistance for post-war Iraq following the 2003 invasion of Iraq to replace Jay Garner on May 6, 2003. ... Whittaker Chambers, 1948 Jay Vivian (David Whittaker) Chambers (April 1, 1901 – July 9, 1961) was an American writer, editor, Communist party member and spy for the Soviet Union who defected and became an outspoken opponent of communism. ... Max Kampelman is former head of the American delegation to the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe. ... Irving Kristol Irving Kristol (born January 22, 1920, New York City) is considered the founder of American neoconservatism. ... Jean Omer Marie Gabriel Monnet (November 9, 1888 – March 16, 1979) is regarded by many as the architect of European Unity. ... Paul Nitze Paul Henry Nitze (January 16, 1907 – October 19, 2004) was a high-ranking United States government official who helped shape Cold War defense policy over the course of numerous presidential administrations. ... Norman Podhoretz (b. ... Albert Shanker Albert Shanker (September 14, 1928 - February 22, 1997) was president of the American Federation of Teachers from 1974 to 1997. ... Simon Wiesenthal, KBE, (Buczacz, December 31, 1908 – Vienna, September 20, 2005) was an Austrian-Jewish architectural engineer who became a Nazi hunter after surviving the Holocaust. ... Aung San Suu Kyi (Burmese: ; MLCTS: ; IPA: ); born 19 June 1945 in Yangon (Rangoon), is a nonviolent pro-democracy activist and leader of the National League for Democracy in Myanmar (Burma), and a noted prisoner of conscience. ... Whitney Young at the White House, 1964. ...

Religion

• Walter Hubert Baddeley
• Joseph Cardinal Bernardin
• Horacio de la Costa
• Sor Isolina Ferré
• Billy Graham
• Gordon B. Hinckley
• Norman Vincent Peale
• Gardner C. Taylor
• Mother Teresa

Image:Baddeley consecration. ... Cardinal Bernardins Final Resting Place His Eminence, Joseph Louis Cardinal Bernardin (originally Bernardini), (April 2, 1928–November 14, 1996) was an American clergyman, the twelfth bishop (seventh archbishop) of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Chicago, serving from 1982 to 1996 (succeeded John Cardinal Cody). ... Reverend Father Horacio de la Costa, S.J. was the first Filipino Provincial General of the Society of Jesus in the Philippines, and a recognized authority in Philippine and Asian culture and history. ... Sor Isolina Ferré (September 5, 1914 - August 3, 2000) was the sister of Puerto Ricos former governor Luis A. Ferré and a very famous Catholic nun. ... The Reverend William Franklin Graham, Jr. ... Gordon Bitner Hinckley (born June 23, 1910) has been the 15th President of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints since March 12, 1995. ... Dr. Norman Vincent Peale (May 31, 1898 – December 24, 1993) was a Protestant preacher and author (most notably of The Power of Positive Thinking) and a progenitor of the theory of positive thinking. // Peale was born in Bowersville, Ohio and died in Pawling, New York. ... Dr. Gardner Calvin Taylor (born 1918) is an influential American preacher, noted for his eloquence and deep understanding of Christian faith and theology. ... Mother Teresa (born Agnes Gonxha Bojaxhiu IPA: ) (August 26, 1910 – September 5, 1997), was a Roman Catholic nun who founded the Missionaries of Charity and won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1979 for her humanitarian work. ...

Sport

Muhammed Ali's Presidential Medal of Freedom on display at the Ali Center

• Hank Aaron
• Muhammad Ali
• Arthur Ashe
• Earl Blaik
• Paul "Bear" Bryant
• Roberto Clemente
• Joe DiMaggio
• Jack Nicklaus
• Jesse Owens
• Buck O'Neil
• Arnold Palmer
• Richard Petty
• Frank Robinson
• Jackie Robinson
• Ted Williams
• John Wooden

Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (600x901, 98 KB)[edit] Summary Muhammad Alis medal of freedom, Photo snapped by Bryan Bush and given to me to upload under GFDL. I cropped, reduced and sharpened the image, and release changes under GFDL. [edit] Licensing I, the creator... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (600x901, 98 KB)[edit] Summary Muhammad Alis medal of freedom, Photo snapped by Bryan Bush and given to me to upload under GFDL. I cropped, reduced and sharpened the image, and release changes under GFDL. [edit] Licensing I, the creator... The Muhammad Ali Center, a tribute to the man and his values, is scheduled to open in the Fall of 2005, in downtown Louisville, Kentucky. ... Henry Louis Hank Aaron (born February 5, 1934 in Mobile, Alabama), nicknamed Hammer, Hammerin Hank”, or Bad Henry”, is a retired American baseball player whose Major League Baseball (MLB) career spanned the 1950s through the 1970s. ... For other persons named Muhammad Ali, see Muhammad Ali (disambiguation). ... Arthur Ashe (1943-1993) Country: United States Height: 185 cm (6 ft 1 in) Weight: 73 kg (160 lb) Plays: Right Turned pro: 1966 Retired: 1980 Highest singles ranking: 1 (1968 and 1975) Singles titles: 34 Career prize money: $2,584,909 Grand Slam Record Titles: 3 Australian Open W... Earl Henry Red Blaik (February 15, 1897 - May 6, 1989) was a U.S. football coach. ... Paul William Bear Bryant (September 11, 1913–January 26, 1983) was an American college football coach. ... Roberto Clemente Walker (August 18, 1934 – December 31, 1972) was a Major League Baseball right fielder and right-handed batter. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Jack William Nicklaus (born January 21, 1940), also known as The Golden Bear,[1] is widely regarded as the greatest professional golfer of all time, in large part because of his records in major championships. ... James Cleveland Jesse Owens (September 12, 1913 – March 31, 1980) was an American track and field athlete. ... Buck ONeil during a baseball game John Jordan Buck ONeil (November 13, 1911 – October 6, 2006) was an American first baseman and manager in Negro league baseball, most notably in the Negro American League with the Kansas City Monarchs. ... This article is about the golfer Arnold Palmer. ... Richard Lee Petty (born July 2, 1937) is an American former NASCAR Winston Cup Series driver. ... This article is about the baseball player and manager. ... Jack Roosevelt Jackie Robinson (January 31, 1919 – October 24, 1972) became the first African-American major league baseball player of the modern era in 1947. ... Theodore Samuel Williams (August 30, 1918 – July 5, 2002), best known as Ted Williams, nicknamed The Kid, the Splendid Splinter, Teddy Ballgame and The Thumper, was an American left fielder in Major League Baseball. ... John Robert Wooden (born October 14, 1910, in Hall, Indiana) is a retired American basketball coach. ...

Humanitarian

• Norman Borlaug
• Millard Fuller
• Paul Rusesabagina
• Leon Sullivan
• Margaret Utinsky

Norman Ernest Borlaug (born March 25, 1914) is an American agricultural scientist, humanitarian, Nobel laureate, and has been called the father of the Green Revolution. ... Millard Fuller is the founder and former president of Habitat for Humanity International. ... Paul Rusesabagina (born June 15, 1954, pronounced [ɾusesabagina] or [ɾusesabadʒina]) is a Rwandan who has been internationally honoured for saving over 1,000 civilians during the Rwandan Genocide. ... Reverend Dr. Leon Howard Sullivan (October 16, 1922 - April 24, 2001) was a Baptist minister, a civil rights leader and social activist focusing on the creation of job training opportunities for African-Americans, a longtime General Motors Board Member, and an important part of the dismantling of Apartheid in South... Margaret Elizabeth Utinsky (August 26, 1900—August 30, 1970) was a Medal of Freedom recipient who provided medicine food and other things that might aid prisoners of war in the Philippines during World War II. External Links Medal of Freedom Recipient Margaret Elizabeth Utinsky Categories: | | | | | ...

Other notable people

• Zachary Fisher
• Frances Hesselbein
• Lowell Thomas

Zachary Fisher Zachary Fisher with his wife Elizabeth Zachary Fisher (Sept 26, 1910 - June 4, 1999) was a Russian American philanthropist who is notable for his charity work toward members of the United States Armed Forces and their families. ... Lowell Jackson Thomas (April 6, 1892 – August 29, 1981) was an American writer, broadcaster, and traveller best known as the man who made Lawrence of Arabia famous. ...

Notes and references

External links

• Order re-establishing the Medal, from the JFK Library
• Recipients by Year.
• List of recent recipients, from the United States Senate website