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Encyclopedia > List of oldest universities in continuous operation

Map of medieval European universities
Map of medieval European universities

This is a list of the oldest extant universities in the world. To be listed on this page, an educational institution must satisfy the definition of a university at the time of founding; it must have been founded before 1500; and it must have been operational without a significant interruption ever since. Image File history File links Size of this preview: 685 × 599 pixelsFull resolution (1127 × 986 pixel, file size: 353 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Scan from Historical Atlas by William R. Shepherd, New York, Henry Holt and Company, 1923. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 685 × 599 pixelsFull resolution (1127 × 986 pixel, file size: 353 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Scan from Historical Atlas by William R. Shepherd, New York, Henry Holt and Company, 1923. ... For the community in Florida, see University, Florida. ... 1500 was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ...


Because the awarding of academic degrees for advanced studies was historically most prevalent in Europe and the Middle East, and the modern definition of a university includes the ability to grant degrees, most of the oldest institutions of higher learning that have always satisfied the modern definition were either European or Near Eastern.[1][2] If, however, the definition were broadened to include ancient institutions that did not originally grant degrees but now do, then this list would expand significantly to include many other institutions from both Europe and other parts of the world. A degree is any of a wide range of status levels conferred by institutions of higher education, such as universities, normally as the result of successfully completing a program of study. ... For other uses, see Europe (disambiguation). ... A map showing countries commonly considered to be part of the Middle East The Middle East is a region comprising the lands around the southern and eastern parts of the Mediterranean Sea, a territory that extends from the eastern Mediterranean Sea to the Persian Gulf. ... Inhabitants of the Near East, late nineteenth century. ...


Finally, even within the purview of European universities, there is still some minor, albeit good-natured controversy over who was really "first" on the continent. The University of Bologna, while it predates the University of Paris, was a university organized by students who then sought out tutors while the latter institution was organized by faculty who then solicited students. Some (especially at Paris) still quibble over which began as a "genuine" university, but it is generally accepted that the University of Bologna came before the University of Paris. The University of Bologna (Italian: , UNIBO) is the oldest continually operating degree-granting university in the world, and the second biggest university in Italy. ... The Sorbonne, Paris, in a 17th century engraving The historic University of Paris (French: ) first appeared in the second half of the 12th century, but was in 1970 reorganised as 13 autonomous universities (University of Paris I–XIII). ...

Contents

Founded before 1500

Year Current Country Name Other notes
859 Flag of Morocco Fes, Morocco University of Al-Karaouine1
(Arabic: جامعة القرويين)		 Recognised by the Guinness Book of World Records as the world's oldest continuously-operating, degree-granting university.[3]
975 Flag of Egypt Cairo, Egypt Al-Azhar University1
(Arabic: الأزهر الشريف)		 A degree-granting Jam'iah ("university" in Arabic)[1] with individual faculties[4] for a Madrasah and theological seminary, Islamic law and jurisprudence, Arabic grammar, Islamic astronomy, early Islamic philosophy, and logic in Islamic philosophy.[1]
1088 Flag of Italy Bologna, Italy University of Bologna
1150 Flag of France Paris, France University of Paris Exact date uncertain, founded before 1150. Teaching suspended in 1229. Split in 13 universities in 1970.
1167 Flag of England Oxford, England University of Oxford Exact date uncertain, founded before 1167 (teaching existed since 1096). Teaching suspended in 1209 (due to town execution of two scholars) and 1355 (due to the St. Scholastica riot)
1175 Flag of Italy Modena, Italy University of Modena and Reggio Emilia Due to the fact that it grew around the historical "Studium mutinensis" (Modena's studies)
1209 Flag of England Cambridge, England University of Cambridge
1218 Flag of Spain Salamanca, Spain University of Salamanca
1222 Flag of Italy Padua, Italy University of Padua Suspended in 1237-61, 1509-17, 1848-50.
1224 Flag of Italy Naples, Italy University of Naples Federico II Closed in 1435-51, 1451-65, 1474-78, 1480-87, 1496-1507, 1527-29, 1531, 1547, 1562, 1585, etc.[5]
1233 Flag of Iraq Baghdad, Iraq Mustansiriya University1
(Arabic: الجامعة المستنصرية)		 Established by the Abbasid Caliph al-Mustansir in 1233, the college was incorporated into the Baghdad University in 1962.
1240 Flag of Italy Siena, Italy University of Siena Closed in 1402-1404 and 1808-14.
1290 Flag of Portugal Coimbra, Portugal University of Coimbra Founded in Lisbon and was based there in 1290-1308, 1338-54, and 1377-1537.
1303 Flag of Italy Rome, Italy University of Rome La Sapienza According to the Catholic Encyclopaedia, the university "remained closed during the entire pontificate of Clement VII".
1308 Flag of Italy Perugia, Italy University of Perugia
1321 Flag of Italy Florence, Italy University of Florence moved to Pisa from 1473 to 1497 and from 1515 to 1860
1343 Flag of Italy Pisa, Italy University of Pisa There is no record of the university between 1403 and 1476.
1346 Flag of Spain Valladolid, Spain University of Valladolid Claims continuity with University of Palencia, founded in 1212 in Palencia [1]
1348 Flag of the Czech Republic Prague, Czech Republic Charles University of Prague Three of four faculties closed in 1419, joined with Jesuit university and renamed Charles-Ferdinand U. in 1652, split into German and Czech part in 1882, Czech branch closed during Nazi occupation (1939-1945), German branch closed in 1945.
1361 Flag of Italy Pavia, Italy University of Pavia Closed for short periods during the Italian Wars, Napoleonic wars, and Revolutions of 1848.
1364 Flag of Poland Kraków, Poland Cracow Academy development stalled early, re-established from 1400 onwards
1365 Flag of Austria Vienna, Austria University of Vienna
1386 Flag of Germany Heidelberg, Germany Ruprecht Karls University of Heidelberg Transferred to Neustadt an der Haardt in 1576-83, suppressed between 1632 and 1652, and moved out to Frankfurt am Main and elsewhere in 1689-1700.[6]
1391 Flag of Italy Ferrara, Italy University of Ferrara There was no teaching in 1794-1824 and 1848-50.[2]
1404 Flag of Italy Turin, Italy University of Turin There was no university in Turin between 1536 and 1566 and during the Napoleonic occupation.
1409 Flag of Germany Leipzig, Germany University of Leipzig Founded when German-speaking staff left Prague due to the Jan Hus crisis
1410 Flag of Scotland St. Andrews, Scotland University of St. Andrews Founded by a Papal Bull
1419 Flag of Germany Rostock, Germany University of Rostock During the Reformation, "the Catholic university of Rostock closed altogether and the closure was long enough to make the refounded body feel a new institution".[7]
1425 Flag of Belgium Leuven, Belgium Catholic University of Leuven1 Transferred to Brussels in 1788, shut down by the French Republic in 1797, reopened in 1816, reorganized in 1834. Since 1968 split between the French-speaking Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve and the Dutch-speaking Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, still at Leuven.
1431 Flag of France Poitiers, France University of Poitiers1 The modern university in Poitiers was founded in 1896 by merging several schools. The old university was abolished during the French Revolution.
1434 Flag of Italy Catania, Italy University of Catania
1438 Flag of Sweden Lund, Sweden University of Lund Originally part of Denmark prior to the Peace of Roskilde in 1658.
1450 Flag of Spain Barcelona, Spain University of Barcelona The University of Barcelona was closed by the Bourbon dynasty and transferred to Cervera after the War of the Spanish Succession (from 1714 until 1837).
1451 Flag of Scotland Glasgow, Scotland University of Glasgow
1453 Flag of Turkey Istanbul, Turkey Istanbul University1 Founded as a philosophical and theological higher education institution, refounded 23 July 1846 as a Darülfünun (House of Multiple Sciences), and refounded again on 1 August 1933 as a Üniversitesi (Arts and Sciences University).
1456 Flag of Germany Greifswald, Germany University of Greifswald Closed down during the Protestant Reformation (1527-39).
1457 Flag of Germany Freiburg, Germany Albert Ludwigs University of Freiburg Temporarily transferred to Constance in 1686-98 and 1713-15.
1460 Flag of Switzerland Basel, Switzerland University of Basel
1472 Flag of Germany Munich, Germany Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich Founded in Ingolstadt in 1459, transferred to Landshut in 1800, moved to Munich in 1826.
1477 Flag of Germany Tübingen, Germany Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen
1477 Flag of Sweden Uppsala, Sweden University of Uppsala
1479 Flag of Denmark Copenhagen, Denmark University of Copenhagen
1495 Flag of Scotland Aberdeen, Scotland University of Aberdeen King's College was founded in 1495 and Marischal College in 1593; they merged in 1860
1499 Flag of Spain Madrid, Spain Complutense University of Madrid Claims continuity with Estudio de Escuelas Generales de Alcalá, founded in 1293 in Alcalá de Henares
1499 Flag of Spain Valencia, Spain University of Valencia

1 - Controversial/disputed: Regarding the definition of university, which includes the ability to grant degrees in a wide range of fields, the categorization of many of the oldest learning institutions as de facto ancient universities in continuous operation could be controversial and problematic. For example, if the definition were broadened to include ancient institutions that did not originally grant degrees, were strictly religious schools for centuries or vanished without trace for long periods of time, then such categorization may agree with specific points of view which are not widely accepted. Events Battle of Abelda: Asturias beats the Muslims. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Morocco. ... FES is a three-letter acronym that may refer to: Family Expenditure Survey, a national survey in UK Functional electrical stimulation, a neurological treatment technique Flat Earth Society, an organization that advocates the belief that the Earth is flat Flywheel energy storage Fellowship of Evangelical Students Foundation for Ecological Security... Interior of the Al Karaouine Mosque and University The University of Al-Karaouine or Al-Qarawiyin (Arabic: ) (other transliterations of the name include Qarawiyyin, Kairouyine, Kairaouine, Qairawiyin, Qaraouyine, Quarawin, and Qaraouiyn) is a university located in Fes, Morocco. ... Arabic redirects here. ... The Guinness Book of Records (or in recent editions Guinness World Records, and in previous US editions Guinness Book of World Records) is a book published annually, containing an internationally recognized collection of superlatives: both in terms of human achievement and the extrema of the natural world. ... Events Coronation of King Edward the Martyr Births Deaths July 8 Edgar of England Categories: 975 ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Egypt. ... For other uses, see Cairo (disambiguation). ... Al-Azhar Mosque in Cairo Egypt Al-Azhar University (Arabic: الأزهر الشريف; al-Azhar al-Shareef, the Noble Azhar), is a premier Egyptian institution of higher learning, world-renowned for its position as a center of Islamic scholarship and education. ... Arabic redirects here. ... A faculty is a division within a university. ... Ulugh Beg Madrasa, Samarkand, ca. ... For the Ecuadorian artist, see Manuel Rendón Seminario. ... Shariah (Arabic: transliteration: ) is the body of Islamic religious law. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... Arabic is a Semitic language. ... This is a sub-article of Islamic science and astronomy. ... Early Muslim philosophy is considered influential in the rise of modern philosophy. ... In Islamic philosophy, logic played an important role. ... Events Succession of Pope Urban II (1088-1099) Work begins on the third and largest church at Cluny Rebellion of 1088 against William II of England lead by Odo of Bayeux. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Italy. ... For the food product, see Bologna sausage. ... The University of Bologna (Italian: , UNIBO) is the oldest continually operating degree-granting university in the world, and the second biggest university in Italy. ... Events Åhus, Sweden gains city privileges City of Airdrie, Scotland founded King Sverker I of Sweden is deposed and succeeded by Eric IX of Sweden. ... Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... This article is about the capital of France. ... The Sorbonne, Paris, in a 17th century engraving The historic University of Paris (French: ) first appeared in the second half of the 12th century, but was in 1970 reorganised as 13 autonomous universities (University of Paris I–XIII). ... Events February 18 - The Sixth Crusade: Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor signs a ten-year truce with al-Kamil, regaining Jerusalem, Nazareth, and Bethlehem with neither military engagements nor support from the papacy. ... Year 1970 (MCMLXX) was a common year starting on Thursday (link shows full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Taira no Kiyomori becomes the first samurai to be appointed Daijo Daijin, chief minister of the government of Japan Peter of Blois becomes the tutor of William II of Sicily Absalon, archbishop of Denmark, leads the first Danish synod at Lund Absalon fortifies Copenhagen William Marshal, the greatest knight that... Image File history File links Flag_of_England. ... This article is about the city of Oxford in England. ... For other uses, see England (disambiguation). ... The University of Oxford (informally Oxford University), located in the city of Oxford, England, is the oldest university in the English-speaking world. ... The St. ... Events Ruaidri Ua Conchobair (Rory OConner), last High King of Ireland, submits to Henry II as vassal of Ireland with the Treaty of Windsor Ly Cao Ton becomes ruler of Vietnam William of Tyre becomes archbishop of Tyre Massacre of Abergavenny ends with several noblemen dead at the hands... Image File history File links Flag_of_Italy. ... Modena (Mòdna in Modenese dialect) is a city and a province on the south side of the Po valley, in Emilia-Romagna, Italy. ... The University of Modena and Reggio Emilia (Italian: Università degli Studi di Modena e Reggio Emilia), located in Modena and Reggio Emilia, Emilia-Romagna, Italy, is one of the oldest universities in Italy, founded in 1175, with a population of more than 16,000 students. ... Events Albigensian Crusade against Cathars (1209-1218) the Franciscans are founded. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_England. ... This article is about the city in England. ... For other uses, see England (disambiguation). ... The University of Cambridge (often Cambridge University), located in Cambridge, England, is the second-oldest university in the English-speaking world and has a reputation as one of the most prestigious universities in the world. ... // Events Damietta is besieged by the knights of the Fifth Crusade. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Spain. ... Salamanca (population 160,000) is a city in western Spain, the capital of the province of Salamanca, which belongs to the autonomous community (region) of Castile-Leon (Castilla y León). ... The University of Salamanca (Spanish: Universidad de Salamanca), located in the town of Salamanca, west of Madrid, is the second oldest university in Spain (the first one is the university of Palencia, now disappeared), and one of the oldest in Europe. ... Centuries: 12th century - 13th century - 14th century Decades: 1170s 1180s 1190s 1200s 1210s - 1220s - 1230s 1240s 1250s 1260s 1270s Years: 1217 1218 1219 1220 1221 1222 1223 1224 1225 1226 1227 See also: 1222 state leaders Events Foundation of the University of Padua Completion of the Cistercian convent in Alcobaca... Image File history File links Flag_of_Italy. ... Padua, Italy, (Italian: IPA: , Latin: Patavium, Venetian: ) is a city in the Veneto, northern Italy, the economic and communications hub of the region. ... Gymnasivm Patavinum: The Universitys main Bo palace shown in a 1654 woodcut The University of Padua (Italian Università degli Studi di Padova, UNIPD) located in Padua, Italy was founded in 1222. ... // Foundation of the University of Naples Livonian Brothers of the Sword conquers Latgallians and the stronghold of Tartu from Ugaunian and Russian troops. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Italy. ... Location of the city of Naples (red dot) within Italy. ... The University of Naples Federico II (Italian: Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II) is a university located in Naples, Italy. ... Elburg gets its city-rights. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Iraq. ... Baghdad (Arabic: ) is the capital of Iraq and of Baghdad Governorate. ... Mustansiriya University is one of the oldest Islamic universities in the world, established in 1233 by the Abbasid Caliph al-Mustansir. ... Arabic can mean: From or related to Arabia From or related to the Arabs The Arabic language; see also Arabic grammar The Arabic alphabet, used for expressing the languages of Arabic, Persian, Malay ( Jawi), Kurdish, Panjabi, Pashto, Sindhi and Urdu, among others. ... Mashriq Dynasties  Maghrib Dynasties  The Abbasid Caliphate Abbasid (Arabic: , ) is the dynastic name generally given to the caliph of Baghdad, the second of the two great Sunni dynasties of the Arab Empire, that overthrew the Umayyad caliphs from all but Spain. ... For main article see: Caliphate The Caliph (pronounced khaleef in Arabic) is the head of state in a Caliphate, and the title for the leader of the Islamic Ummah, an Islamic community ruled by the Sharia. ... Al-Mustansir was the Abbasid Caliph in Baghdad from 1226 to 1242. ... Elburg gets its city-rights. ... Baghdad University is a war-torn school in Baghdad, Iraq which is currently open, but on a very sporadic basis, suffering frequent power outages and terrorist attacks. ... Year 1962 (MCMLXII) was a common year starting on Monday (the link is to a full 1962 calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Events Batu Khan and the Golden Horde sack the Ruthenian city of Kyiv Births Pope Benedict XI Deaths April 11 - Llywelyn ap Iorwerth, also known as Llywelyn The Great Prince of Gwynedd Monarchs/Presidents Aragon - James I King of Aragon and count of Barcelona (reigned from 1213 to 1276) Castile... Image File history File links Flag_of_Italy. ... Piazza del Campo Siena is a city in Tuscany, Italy. ... The University of Siena (Università di Siena, UNISI) in Tuscany is one of the older universities of Italy, founded in the 13th century, initially as a Studium. ... // March 1 - The University of Coimbra is founded in Lisbon, Portugal by King Denis of Portugal; it moves to Coimbra in 1308. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Portugal. ... Location    - Country  Portugal  - Region Centro  - Subregion Baixo Mondego  - District or A.R. Coimbra Mayor Carlos Encarnação  - Party PSD Area 319. ... The University of Coimbra (Portuguese: Universidade de Coimbra) is a Portuguese public university in Coimbra, Portugal. ... For other uses, see Lisbon (disambiguation). ... // Events 24 February: Battle of Roslin 20 April: Pope Boniface VIII founds the University of Rome La Sapienza Edward I of England reconquers Scotland (see also: William Wallace, Wars of Scottish Independence) The Khilji Dynasty conquers time travel Births Saint Birgitta, Swedish saint (died 1373) Gegeen Khan, Mongol emperor of... Image File history File links Flag_of_Italy. ... For other uses, see Rome (disambiguation). ... University of Rome La Sapienza (Università della Sapienza) is the most ancient university of Rome, Italy. ... The Catholic Encyclopedia is an English-language encyclopedia published in 1913 by the The Encyclopedia Press, designed to give authoritative information on the entire cycle of Catholic interests, action and doctrine. // History The writing of the encyclopedia began on January 11, 1905 under the supervision of five editors: Charles G... For the antipope (1378-1394) see Antipope Clement VII. Pope Clement VII Clement VII, né Giulio di Giuliano de Medici (1478 – September 25, 1534) was pope from 1523 to 1534. ... Events Henry VII is elected as king of the Holy Roman Empire. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Italy. ... Location of Perugia in Italy Coordinates: , Country Region Province Province of Perugia Government  - Mayor Renato Locchi Area  - City 449 km²  (1,165 sq mi) Elevation 493 m (1,617 ft) Population (July 2006)[1]  - City 161,390  - Density 359/km² (929. ... University of Perugia (Università degli studi di Perugia) is a public-owned university based in Perugia, Italy. ... Events Births September 29 - John of Artois, Count of Eu, French soldier (d. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Italy. ... Florence (or Firenze, Florentia and Fiorenza) is the capital city of the Italian region of Tuscany, and of the province of Florence. ... The University of Florence (Università degli Studi di Firenze, UNIFI) is one of the largest and oldest universities in Italy. ... Events Magnus II of Sweden abdicates from the throne of Norway in favor of his son Haakon VI of Norway. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Italy. ... For other uses, see Pisa (disambiguation). ... The University of Pisa (Italian Università di Pisa) is one of the most renowned Italian universities. ... // Events Serbian Empire was proclaimed in Skopje by Dusan Silni, occupying much of the South-Eastern Europe Foundation of the University of Valladolid Foundation of Pembroke College, University of Cambridge August 26 Battle of Crecy after which Edward the Black Prince honored the bravery of John I, Count of Luxemburg... Image File history File links Flag_of_Spain. ... For the city in Mexico, see Valladolid, Yucatán. ... The University of Valladolid is believed to be the oldest university in the Spanish-speaking world, having been founded at the beginning of the 13th century[1]. It currently has 31,780 undergraduate students and over 2,000 faculty[2]. External links Official Website(Spanish language) Official Website in English... The University of Palencia was founded by Alfonso VIII at the request of Bishop Tello Téllez de Meneses and was the first university of Spain. ... Location Location of Palencia Coordinates : Time Zone : General information Native name Palencia (Spanish) Spanish name Palencia Postal code 34--- Website http://www. ... April 7 - Charles University is founded in Prague. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic. ... For other uses, see Prague (disambiguation). ... The Charles University of Prague (also simply University of Prague; Czech: Univerzita Karlova; Latin: Universitas Carolina) is the oldest, largest and most prestigious Czech university and among the oldest universities in Europe, being founded in 1340s (for the exact year, see below). ... Founding of the University of Pavia, Italy. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Italy. ... For the municipality in the Philippines, see Pavia, Iloilo. ... The University of Pavia is a university in Pavia, Italy. ... Combatants France, the Holy Roman Empire, the states of Italy (notably the Republic of Venice, the Duchy of Milan, the Kingdom of Naples, the Papal States, Florence, and the Duchy of Ferrara), England, Scotland, Spain, the Ottoman Empire, the Swiss, Saxony, and others The Italian Wars, often referred to as... Combatants Austria[a] Portugal Prussia[a] Russia[b] Sicily[c] Sardinia  Spain[d]  Sweden[e] United Kingdom French Empire Holland[f] Italy Etruria[g] Naples[h] Duchy of Warsaw[i] Confederation of the Rhine[j] Bavaria Saxony Westphalia Württemberg Denmark-Norway[k] Commanders Archduke Charles Prince Schwarzenberg Karl Mack... The European Revolutions of 1848, known in some countries as the Spring of Nations or the Year of Revolution, were a revolutionary wave which erupted in Sicily and then, further triggered by the revolutions of 1848 in France, soon spread to the rest of Europe and as far afield as... Centuries: 13th century - 14th century - 15th century Decades: 1310s 1320s 1330s 1340s 1350s - 1360s - 1370s 1380s 1390s 1400s 1410s Years: 1359 1360 1361 1362 1363 - 1364 - 1365 1366 1367 1368 1369 See also: 1364 state leaders Events Charles V becomes King of France. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Poland. ... For other uses, see Krakow (disambiguation). ... Jagiellonian University (Polish: Uniwersytet JagielloÅ„ski, often shortened to UJ) is a university in Krakow, Poland. ... Events Foundation of the University of Vienna Births John de Ros, 6th Baron de Ros (died 1394) Thomas de Mowbray, 1st Duke of Norfolk (died 1399) Deaths May 17 - Louis VI the Roman, elector of Brandenburg (born 1328) July 27 - Duke Rudolf IV of Austria (born 1339) Categories: 1365 ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Austria. ... For other uses, see Vienna (disambiguation). ... The University of Vienna (German: ) is a public university located in Vienna, Austria. ... Year 1386 was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Germany. ... For other uses, see Heidelberg (disambiguation). ... The Ruprecht Karl University of Heidelberg (German Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg; also known as simply University of Heidelberg) was established in the town of Heidelberg in the Rhineland in 1386. ... Neustadt an der Weinstrasse (formerly known as Neustadt an der Haardt) is a city in the Rhineland-Palatinate state in southwestern Germany. ... Frankfurt am Main [ˈfraŋkfʊrt] is the largest city in the German state of Hessen and the fifth largest city of Germany. ... July 18 - Battle of the Kondurcha River - Timur defeats Tokhtamysh in the Volga. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Italy. ... Ferrara is a city in Emilia-Romagna, Italy, capital city of the province of Ferrara. ... The University of Ferrara (Università degli Studi di Ferrara) is main university of the city of Ferrara in the Emilia-Romagna region of northern Italy. ... Events June 14 - Owain Glyndwr of Wales allies with the French against the English and the Henry of Lancaster. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Italy. ... Torino redirects here. ... The University of Turin (Italian Università degli Studi di Torino, UNITO) is a university in the city of Turin in the Piedmont region of north-western Italy. ... Events January 1 - The Welsh surrender Harlech Castle to the English. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Germany. ... Leipzig ( ; Sorbian/Lusatian: Lipsk from the Sorbian word for Tilia) is, with a population of over 506,000, the largest city in the federal state of Saxony, Germany. ... The University of Leipzig (German Universität Leipzig), located in Leipzig in the Free State of Saxony (former Kingdom of Saxony), Germany, is one of the oldest universities in Europe. ... March 29 - The Aragonese capture Oristano, capital of the giudicato di Arborea in Sardinia July 15 – Battle of Grunwald (also known as Tannenberg or Zalgiris). ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Scotland. ... See St Andrews, New South Wales for St Andrews, Sydney, Australia. ... This article is about the country. ... University of St Andrews The University of St Andrews was founded between 1410-1413 and is the oldest university in Scotland and the third oldest in the United Kingdom. ... Papal bull of Pope Urban VIII, 1637, sealed with a leaden bulla. ... Events January 19 – Hundred Years War: Rouen surrenders to Henry V of England which brings Normandy under the control of England. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Germany. ... Motto: Within your walls be concordance and public welfare Rostock (pronounced // from Polabian Roz toc, literally to flow apart) is the largest city in the north German state Mecklenburg-Vorpommern. ... The University of Rostock (German: Universität Rostock) is a university in northern Germany, located in the city of Rostock in the state of Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania and is the oldest university in Northern continental Europe. ... Reformation redirects here. ... Events Foundation of the Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Belgium Births John II, Duke of Lorraine (died 1470) Edmund Sutton, English nobleman (died 1483) Deaths January 18 - Edmund Mortimer, 5th Earl of March, English politician (born 1391) March 17 - Ashikaga Yoshikazu, Japanese shogun (born 1407) May 24 - Murdoch Stewart, 2nd Duke of... Image File history File links Flag_of_Belgium_(civil). ... Geography Country Belgium Community Flemish Community Region Flemish Region Province Flemish Brabant Arrondissement Leuven Coordinates , , Area 56. ... The Catholic University of Leuven is the largest and most prominent university in Belgium. ... This article is about the settlement itself. ... The French Republic or France (French: République française or France) is a country whose metropolitan territory is located in western Europe, and which is further made up of a collection of overseas islands and territories located in other continents. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Catholic University of Leuven (french-speaking). ... Ottignies-Louvain-la-Neuve is a municipality located in the Belgian province of Walloon Brabant. ... The Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (Catholic University of Leuven in English) or in short K.U.Leuven, is the oldest, largest and most prominent university in Belgium. ... Year 1431 was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. ... Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... Location within France Poitiers (population 85,000) is a small city located in west central France. ... University of Poitiers is a university located in Poitiers, France, founded in 1431 by Pope Eugenius IV and chartered by King Charles VII of France. ... Events May 30, Battle of Lipany in the Hussite Wars Jan van Eyck paints the wedding of Giovanni Arnoflini The Honorable Passing of Arms at the bridge of Obrigo The Portuguese reach Cape Bojador in Western Sahara. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Italy. ... The Roman Odeon. ... The University of Catania (Italian: Università di Catania) is a university located in Catania, Italy, and founded in 1434. ... Events Pachacuti who would later create Tahuantinsuyu, or Inca Empire became the ruler of Cuzco In Italy, the siege of Brescia by the condottieri troops of Niccolò Piccinino was raised after the arrival of Scaramuccia da Forlì. January 1 - Albert II of Habsburg becomes King of Hungary March 18 - Albert... Image File history File links Flag_of_Sweden. ...   IPA: is a city in SkÃ¥ne in southern Sweden. ... Lund University Lund University (Swedish: Lunds universitet) is a university in Lund in southernmost Sweden. ... // March - French troops under Guy de Richemont besiege the English commander in France, Edmund Beaufort, Duke of Somerset, in Caen. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Spain. ... Location Coordinates : Time Zone : CET (GMT +1) - summer: CEST (GMT +2) General information Native name Barcelona (Catalan) Spanish name Barcelona Nickname Ciutat Comtal (City of Counts) Postal code 08001–08080 Area code 34 (Spain) + 93 (Barcelona) Website http://www. ... The University of Barcelona (Catalan: , Spanish: , UB) is a public university located in the city of Barcelona, Spain. ... Location of Cervera Cervera is the capital of the comarca of Segarra, in the province of Lleida, Catalonia, Spain. ... // Events February 3 - Murad II, Sultan of the Ottoman Empire dies and is succeeded by his son Mehmed II. April 11 - Celje acquires market-town status and town rights by orders from the Celje count Frederic II. June 30 - French troops under the Comte de Dunois invade Guyenne and capture... Image File history File links Flag_of_Scotland. ... For other uses, see Glasgow (disambiguation). ... This article is about the country. ... Master of Theology (MTh) Dentistry Nursing Affiliations Russell Group Universitas 21 Website http://www. ... April 2 - Mehmed II begins his siege of Constantinople (Ä°stanbul). ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Turkey. ... Istanbul (Turkish: , Greek: , historically Byzantium and later Constantinople; see other names) is Turkeys most populous city, and its cultural and financial center. ... Istanbul University (Turkish: Ä°stanbul Ãœniversitesi) was founded as an institution of higher education named the Darülfünun (House of Multiple Sciences) on July 23, 1846; but the Medrese (Theological School) which was founded immediately after Mehmed II conquered Constantinople (Istanbul) in 1453 is regarded as the precursor to the... // Events July 7 - Joan of Arc acquitted (but she had already been executed). ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Germany. ... Greifswald (from German Greif, griffin, and Wald, forest) is a town in northeastern Germany. ... Ernst Moritz Arndt University of Greifswald is located in Greifswald, Germany, between the Islands Rügen and Usedom, and is the second oldest university in Northern Europe. ... Reformation redirects here. ... Events University of Freiburg founded. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Germany. ... This article refers to the city in Baden-Württemberg. ... Location of Freiburg in Germany. ... Constance (CON-stents) is a female given name most often used in the English or French-speaking worlds. ... Events The first Portuguese navigators reach the coast of modern Sierra Leone. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Switzerland. ... For other uses, see Basel (disambiguation). ... The University of Basel (German: Universität Basel) is located at Basel, Switzerland. ... February 20 - Orkney and Shetland are returned by Norway to Scotland, due to a defaulted dowry payment Possible discovery of Bacalao (possibly Newfoundland, North America) by João Vaz Corte-Real. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Germany. ... For other uses, see Munich (disambiguation). ... Main building of the Ludwig Maximilians University Main staircase of the university, Munich The Atrium at the main building The Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich (German: Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München), also known as LMU or simply University of Munich, is a university in the heart of Munich. ... Ingolstadt (Austro-Bavarian: InglstÃ¥dt) is a city in the Free State of Bavaria, Germany. ... Landshut is a city in Bavaria in the south-east of Germany both belonging to Eastern and Southern Bavaria. ... Events January 5 - Battle of Nancy - Charles the Bold of Burgundy is again defeated, and this time is killed. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Germany. ... Tübingen, Neckar front Tübingen, a traditional university town of Baden-Württemberg, Germany, is situated 20 miles southwest of Stuttgart, on a ridge between the River Neckar and the Ammer. ... A view of the campus Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen (German: Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, sometimes called the Eberhardina) is a public university located in the city of Tübingen, Baden-Württemberg, Germany. ... Events January 5 - Battle of Nancy - Charles the Bold of Burgundy is again defeated, and this time is killed. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Sweden. ... Uppsala (older spelling Upsala) is a city in central Sweden, located about 70 km north of Stockholm. ... Uppsala University Uppsala University (Swedish Uppsala universitet) is a public university in Uppsala, Sweden. ... Year 1479 was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar). ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Denmark. ... For other uses, see Copenhagen (disambiguation). ... Main campus on Frue Plads. ... 1495 was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Scotland. ... For other uses, see Aberdeen (disambiguation). ... This article is about the country. ... The University of Aberdeen was founded in 1495, in Aberdeen, Scotland. ... Kings College, Aberdeen was founded on 10 February 1495 by Bishop William Elphinstone in Old Aberdeen. ... Marschal College viewed from Upper Kirkgate Marischal College was founded in 1593 in Aberdeen by George Keith, 5th Earl Marischal of Scotland. ... 1499 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Spain. ... This article is about the Spanish capital. ... UCM redirects here. ... Location Location of Alcalá Coordinates : 40º28’N , 3º22’W Time Zone : CET (GMT +1) - summer: CEST (GMT +2) General information Native name Alcalá de Henares (Spanish) Spanish name Alcalá de Henares Founded Preromanian Postal code 28. ... 1499 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Spain. ... Look up Valencia in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... The University of Valencia (Catalan: Universitat de València) is a Spanish university, located in the city of Valencia. ... For the community in Florida, see University, Florida. ... De facto is a Latin expression that means in fact or in practice. It is commonly used as opposed to de jure (meaning by law) when referring to matters of law or governance or technique (such as standards), that are found in the common experience as created or developed without...


Post-1500, oldest universities by country or region

The majority of European countries had universities by 1500. After 1500, universities began to spread to other countries all over the world: