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Encyclopedia > List of people known as father or mother of something
This is an incomplete list, which may never be able to satisfy certain standards for completeness.
Revisions and sourced additions are welcome.

The following tables list men and women described as father or mother of something.[1] Exceptions are those people described as fathers or mothers of nations; these are listed at Father and Mother of the Nation. Mythological, religious or fictional characters are not included. This article does not cite its references or sources. ... The epithet Mother of the Nation, unlike its male equivalent Father of the Nation, has seen only occasional use, primarily due to the male-dominated history of nation-building. ...


Though someone may be known as a father or mother of something, this does not always mean they invented, discovered or originated the thing with which they are associated. It also does not mean that they always have been or currently are considered a father or mother of it.

Contents Top · 0–9 · A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

A

Name "Father / Mother of ..." Sources
Nikolaj Abraham Abildgaard Danish painting [2]
Abulcasis (Abu al-Qasim) modern surgery [3]
Abu Rayhan al-Biruni anthropology and geodesy [4]
Erik Acharius lichenology [5]
Mikael Agricola Finnish written language [6]
Alhacen (Ibn al-Haytham) optics, science, modern scientific method [7][8][9]
Al-Jazari robotics and modern engineering [10][11]
Al-Khwarizmi (Algorismi) algebra and algorithms [12][13]
Alkindus (Al-Kindi) perfume [14]
Archimedes integral calculus and mathematical physics [15]
Aristotle scientific methodology [16]
Edwin H. Armstrong FM radio [17]
Peter Artedi ichthyology [18]
Aryabhata arithmetic [19]
John V. Atanasoff digital computer [20]
Stephen F. Austin Texas [21]
Cyrus Avery Route 66 [22]
Avicenna (Ibn Sina) momentum [23]

Nikolaj Abraham Abildgaard (September 11, 1743-June 4, 1809), Danish artist, was born in Copenhagen, the son of Søren Abildgaard, an antiquarian draughtsman of repute, and Anne Margrethe Bastholm. ... For building painting, see painter and decorator. ... Abu al-Qasim Khalaf ibn al-Abbas Al-Zahrawi (936 - 1013), (Arabic: أبو القاسم بن خلف بن العباس الزهراوي) also known in the West as Abulcasis, was an Andalusian-Arab physician, and scientist. ... A cardiothoracic surgeon performs a mitral valve replacement at the Fitzsimons Army Medical Center. ... (September 15, 973 in Kath, Khwarezm – December 13, 1048 in Ghazni) was a Persian [1][2][3] polymath and scientist of the 11th Century, whose experiments and discoveries were as significant and diverse as those of Leonardo da Vinci or Galileo, five hundred years before the Renaissance; al-Biruni was... Anthropology (from Greek: ἀνθρωπος, anthropos, human being; and λόγος, logos, knowledge) is the comparative study of the physical and social characteristics of humanity through the examination of historical and present geographical distribution, cultural history, acculturation, and cultural relationships. ... It has been suggested that geodetic system be merged into this article or section. ... Erik Acharius (10 October 1757–14 August 1819) was a Swedish botanist who pioneered the taxonomy of Lichens and is known as the father of lichenology. Acarius was born in Gävle, matriculated at Uppsala University in 1773 and was one of the last of the students of Linnaeus. ... Lichenology is the branch of botany that studies the lichens, symbiotic organisms made up by the association of a microscopical alga with a filamentous fungus. ... Mikael Agricola Mikael Agricola ( ) (c. ... Finnish ( ) is the language spoken by the majority of the population in Finland (92%[1]) and by ethnic Finns outside Finland. ... Alhazen Abu Ali al-Hasan Ibn Al-Haitham, (965-1040) was a Arab Muslim mathematician; he is sometimes called al-Basri, after his birthplace. ... For the book by Sir Isaac Newton, see Opticks. ... Part of a scientific laboratory at the University of Cologne. ... Scientific method is a body of techniques for investigating phenomena and acquiring new knowledge, as well as for correcting and integrating previous knowledge. ... Ibn Ismail Ibn al-Razzaz Al-Jazari (1206 AD) wrote notable books about engineering that are consulted in the history of engineering even today. ... Look up robotics in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Engineering is the design, analysis, and/or construction of works for practical purposes. ... (Arabic: ) was a Persian[1] mathematician, astronomer, astrologer and geographer. ... Algebra is a branch of mathematics concerning the study of structure, relation and quantity. ... In mathematics, computing, linguistics, and related disciplines, an algorithm is a finite list of well-defined instructions for accomplishing some task that, given an initial state, will terminate in a defined end-state. ... Abū-Yūsuf Ya’qūb ibn Ishāq al-Kindī (c. ... Perfume is a mixture of fragrant essential oils and aroma compounds, fixatives, and solvents used to give the human body, objects, and living spaces a pleasant smell. ... Archimedes of Syracuse (Greek: c. ... In calculus, the integral of a function is an extension of the concept of a sum. ... Mathematical physics is the scientific discipline concerned with the application of mathematics to problems in physics and the development of mathematical methods suitable for such applications and for the formulation of physical theories. ... Aristotle (Greek: AristotélÄ“s) (384 BC – 322 BC) was a Greek philosopher, a student of Plato and teacher of Alexander the Great. ... Scientific method is a body of techniques for investigating phenomena and acquiring new knowledge, as well as for correcting and integrating previous knowledge. ... Edwin Howard Armstrong Edwin Howard Armstrong (December 18, 1890 - March 31, 1954) was an American electrical engineer and inventor. ... FM radio is a broadcast technology invented by Edwin Howard Armstrong that uses frequency modulation to provide high-fidelity sound over broadcast radio. ... Peter Artedi (February 22, 1705 – September 27, 1735) was a Swedish naturalist and is known as the father of Ichthyology. Artedi was born in the province of Angermannia. ... Ichthyology is the branch of zoology devoted to the study of fish. ... Statue of Aryabhata on the grounds of IUCAA, Pune. ... Arithmetic tables for children, Lausanne, 1835 Arithmetic or arithmetics (from the Greek word αριθμός = number) is the oldest and most elementary branch of mathematics, used by almost everyone, for tasks ranging from simple daily counting to advanced science and business calculations. ... John Vincent Atanasoff (October 4, 1903 – June 15, 1995) was an American physicist of Bulgarian descent. ... ... Stephen F. Austin Stephen Fuller Austin (November 3, 1793 – December 27, 1836), known as the Father of Texas, led the second and ultimately successful colonization of the region by the United States. ... Official language(s) No Official Language See languages of Texas Capital Austin Largest city Houston Area  Ranked 2nd  - Total 261,797 sq mi (678,051 km²)  - Width 773 miles (1,244 km)  - Length 790 miles (1,270 km)  - % water 2. ... Cyrus Stevens Avery (1871–1963) was known as the Father of Route 66. He created the route while appointed to a federal board to create the Federal Highway System, then pushed for the establishment of the U.S. Highway 66 Association to pave and promote the highway. ... U.S. Highway 66 or Route 66 was a highway in the U.S. Highway system. ... This article needs additional references or sources to facilitate its verification. ... In classical mechanics, momentum (pl. ...

B

Name "Father / Mother of ..." Sources
Charles Babbage computing [24]
Mikhail Bakunin anarchism [25]
Earl Bascom modern rodeo [26]
Aaron T. Beck cognitive therapy [27]
Dr. William George Beers lacrosse [28][29][30][31]
Vytautas Beliajus international folk dance in the United States [32]
Alexander Graham Bell the telephone [33]
Edward Bernays public relations [34]
Tim Berners-Lee the World Wide Web [35]
Ramón Emeterio Betances Puerto Rican Nationhood [36]
Rómulo Betancourt Venezuelan democracy [37]
Bhaskara II differential calculus [38]
Edward Manning Bigelow parks in Pittsburgh [39]
Luke P. Blackburn prison reform in Kentucky [40]
Buddy Bolden jazz [41]
Nathaniel Bowditch American geometry [42]
William O'Connell Bradley Republican party in Kentucky [43]
Brahmagupta numerical analysis [44]
James Brown self-styled "Godfather of Soul" [45]
Leonardo Bruni modern history [46]

Charles Babbage FRS (26 December 1791 – 18 October 1871) was an English mathematician, philosopher, mechanical engineer and (proto-) computer scientist who originated the idea of a programmable computer. ... Memory (Random Access Memory) Look up computing in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... For the character on the TV series Lost, see Mikhail Bakunin Mikhail Alexandrovich Bakunin (Russian — Михаил Александрович Бакунин, Michel Bakunin — on the grave in Bern), (May 18 (30 N.S.), 1814–June 19 (July 1 N.S.), 1876) was a well-known Russian revolutionary, and often considered one of the “fathers of modern... Anarchism is a political philosophy, or group of doctrines and attitudes, centered on rejection of any form of authoritarian relationship, hierarchical institution, centralist organisation, and compulsory government(cf. ... Earl W. Bascom (June 19, 1906 - August 28, 1995) was an American painter, printmaker and sculptor, raised in Canada, who portrayed his own experiences cowboying and rodeoing across the American and Canadian West. ... It has been suggested that History of rodeo be merged into this article or section. ... Aaron Temkin Beck (born July 18, 1921) is an American psychiatrist and a professor emeritus at the department of psychiatry at the University of Pennsylvania. ... Cognitive therapy or cognitive behaviour therapy is a kind of psychotherapy used to treat depression, anxiety disorders, phobias, and other forms of mental disorder. ... The Dive Shot. Lacrosse is a team sport that is played with ten players (mens field), six players (mens box), or twelve players (womens field), each of whom uses a netted stick (the crosse) in order to pass and catch a hard rubber ball with the aim... Vytautas Finadar Beliajus (often called Vyts, born February 26, 1908 in Pakumprys, Lithuania, died September 1994) is considered the father of international folk dancing in the United States. ... International folk dance is a genre of dance wherein selected folk dances from multiple ethnic groups are done by the same dancers, typically as part of a regular recreational dance club, for performances or at other events. ... A portrait of Alexander Graham Bell in 1910s Alexander Graham Bell (3 March 1847 – 2 August 1922) was a scientist, inventor, and innovator. ... This article or section includes a list of works cited or a list of external links, but its sources remain unclear because it lacks in-text citations. ... Cover of Bernays 1928 book, Propaganda. ... Public relations (PR): Building sustainable relations with all publics in order to create a postive brand image. ... Sir Tim Berners-Lee Sir Tim (Timothy John) Berners-Lee, KBE (TimBL or TBL) (b. ... WWWs historical logo designed by Robert Cailliau The World Wide Web (or the Web) is a system of interlinked, hypertext documents accessed via the Internet. ... Ramón Emeterio Betances y Alacán (April 8, 1827 – September 16, 1898), born in Cabo Rojo, Puerto Rico, was the primary instigator of the Grito de Lares revolution, and as such, he is considered to be the father of the Puerto Rican independence movement. ... Rómulo Ernesto Betancourt Bello (February 22, 1908 – September 28, 1981), The Father of Venezuelan Democracy, was President of Venezuela from 1945 to 1948 and again from 1959 to 1964. ... Bhaskara (1114-1185), also known as Bhaskara II and Bhaskara Achārya (Bhaskara the teacher), was an Indian mathematician-astronomer. ... For a non-technical overview of the subject, see Calculus. ... Edward Manning Bigelow circa 1890 Edward Manning Bigelow monument in Schenley Park Edward Manning Bigelow (1850-1916), known as the father of Pittsburghs parks,[1][2] was a City Engineer and later Director of Public Works in Pittsburgh, responsible for major improvements in citys infrastructure, such as new... For the Korean family name Park, see Korean name. ... City nickname: The Steel City Location in the state of Pennsylvania Founded 1758 Mayor Tom Murphy (Dem) Area  - Total  - Water 151. ... Luke P. Blackburn Luke Pryor Blackburn (July 16, 1816 - September 14, 1887) was Governor of Kentucky from 1879 to 1883. ... Prison reform is the attempt to improve conditions inside prisons, aiming at a more effective penal system. ... Official language(s) English[1] Capital Frankfort Largest city Louisville Area  Ranked 37th  - Total 40,444 sq mi (104,749 km²)  - Width 140 miles (225 km)  - Length 379 miles (610 km)  - % water 1. ... Buddy Bolden Charles Buddy Bolden (September 6, 1877 – November 4, 1931) was a cornetist and the first New Orleans jazz musician to come to prominence. ... Jazz is a musical art form that originated in New Orleans, Louisiana, United States around the start of the 20th century. ... Nathaniel Bowditch (March 26, 1773 – March 16, 1838) was an early American mathematician remembered for his work on ocean navigation. ... Calabi-Yau manifold Geometry (Greek γεωμετρία; geo = earth, metria = measure) is a part of mathematics concerned with questions of size, shape, and relative position of figures and with properties of space. ... William OC. Bradley William OConnell Bradley (March 18, 1847 - May 23, 1914) was a U.S. senator from Kentucky. ... The Republican Party is one of two major contemporary political parties in the United States of America, along with the Democratic Party. ... Official language(s) English[1] Capital Frankfort Largest city Louisville Area  Ranked 37th  - Total 40,444 sq mi (104,749 km²)  - Width 140 miles (225 km)  - Length 379 miles (610 km)  - % water 1. ... Brahmagupta (ब्रह्मगुप्त) (598-668) was an Indian mathematician and astronomer. ... Numerical analysis is the study of approximate methods for the problems of continuous mathematics (as distinguished from discrete mathematics). ... James Joseph Brown (May 3, 1933[2] – December 25, 2006), commonly referred to as The Godfather of Soul and The Hardest Working Man in Show Business, was an American entertainer recognized as one of the most influential figures in 20th century popular music. ... For other uses, see Soul music (disambiguation). ... Leonardo Bruni Leonardo Bruni (c. ... The title page to The Historians History of the World. ...

C

Name "Father / Mother of ..." Sources
Willis Carrier air conditioning [47]
Raymond Carhart audiology [48][49]
Vinton Cerf the Internet [50][51]
Henry Chadwick baseball [52][53][54][55]
Jean-François Champollion Egyptology [56]
Charak medicine [57]
Geoffrey Chaucer English literature [58]
Noam Chomsky modern linguistics [59][60]
Del Close modern improv comedy [61]
Alan Cooper Visual Basic [62]
Jonas Chickering American piano manufacture [63]
Auguste Comte sociology [64]
Marie Curie nuclear science [65]
Frank W. Cyr the yellow school bus [66]

Willis Haviland Carrier (November 26, 1876 – October 7, 1950) was an engineer and inventor, and is known as the man who invented modern air conditioning. ... Note: in the broadest sense, air conditioning can refer to any form of heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning. ... Raymond T Carhart was an audiologist. ... Audiology is the branch of science that studies hearing, balance, and their disorders. ... Vinton G. Cerf (born June 23, 1943) is commonly referred to as the father of the Internet. During his tenure from 1976 to 1982 with the United States Department of Defenses Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA), Cerf played a key role leading the development of Internet and Internet-related... Henry Chadwick (October 5, 1824 – April 20, 1908), often called the father of baseball, was a sportswriter, baseball statistician and historian. ... A view of the playing field at Busch Memorial Stadium, St. ... For the Champollion comet rendezvous spacecraft, see Champollion (spacecraft). ... The Great Sphinx of Giza against Khafres Pyramid at the Giza pyramid complex. ... Charaka, sometimes spelled Caraka, (perhaps 1st or 2nd century CE) is one of the founders of Ayurveda. ... medicines, see medication and pharmacology. ... This article needs additional references or sources for verification. ... The term English literature refers to literature written in the English language, including literature composed in English by writers not necessarily from England; Joseph Conrad was Polish, Robert Burns was Scottish, James Joyce was Irish, Dylan Thomas was Welsh, Edgar Allan Poe was American, Salman Rushdie is Indian, V.S... Avram Noam Chomsky (Hebrew :אברם נועם חומסקי Yiddish: אברם נועם כאמסקי) , Ph. ... Linguistics is the scientific study of language, which can be theoretical or applied. ... Del Close (March 9, 1934–March 4, 1999), along with Keith Johnstone and Viola Spolin, is considered one of the premier influences on modern improvisational theater. ... Improvisational comedy (also called improv or impro) is comedy that is performed with a little to no predetermination of subject matter and structure. ... Alan Cooper, an advocate of interaction design, runs a design company and writes books about how to make software user interfaces more usable. ... Visual Basic (VB) is an event driven programming language and associated development environment from Microsoft for its COM programming model. ... Jonas Chickering lived in the Boston area and was apprenticed to Benjamin Crehore around 1815 to learn instrument making. ... A short grand piano, with the top up. ... Auguste Comte (full name: Isidore Marie Auguste François Xavier Comte; January 17, 1798 - September 5, 1857) was a French thinker who coined the term sociology. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Madame Curie redirects here. ... The nucleus (atomic nucleus) is the center of an atom. ... Frank W. Cyr (July 7, 1900 - August 1, 1995) was an American educator and author, a specialist in rural education who became known as the Father of the Yellow School Bus. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ...

D

Name "Father / Mother of ..." Sources
Louis Daguerre photography [67]
Vinod Dham the Pentium microprocessor [68] [69]
Diophantus algebra [70][71]
Lee De Forest radio [72][73][74]
Thomas A. Dorsey Gospel Music [75]
Richard Dorson American folklore [76]
Allen B. DuMont television [77][78]

Louis Daguerre Louis-Jacques-Mandé Daguerre Louis-Jacques-Mandé Daguerre (November 18, 1787 – July 10, 1851) was the French artist and chemist who is recognized for his invention of the Daguerreotype process of photography. ... Photography [fәtɑgrәfi:],[foʊtɑgrәfi:] is the process of recording pictures by means of capturing light on a light-sensitive medium, such as a film or sensor. ... Vinod Dham has been called the father of the Pentium (Intel processor). ... The Pentium is a fifth-generation x86 architecture microprocessor from Intel. ... Title page of the 1621 edition of Diophantus Arithmetica, translated into Latin by Claude Gaspard Bachet de Méziriac. ... Algebra is a branch of mathematics concerning the study of structure, relation and quantity. ... Lee De Forest, (August 26, 1873 – June 30, 1961) was an American inventor with over 300 patents to his credit. ... Come on Mama, Do That Dance Georgia Tom Dorsey Yazoo 1041 For the big band trombonist and bandleader, see Tommy Dorsey. ... Gospel music is a musical genre characterized by dominant vocals (often with strong use of harmony) referencing lyrics of a religious nature, particularly Christian. ... Richard Mercer Dorson (1916-1981) was an American folklorist, author, professor, and director of the Folklore Institute at at Indiana University. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Dr. Allen Balcom DuMont (January 29, 1901 - November 14, 1965) was an American scientist and inventor best known for improvements to the cathode ray tube in 1931 for use in television receivers. ...

E

Name "Father / Mother of ..." Sources
Albert Einstein relativity [79]
Dwight D. Eisenhower the American Interstate Highway System [80]
William Phelps Eno traffic safety [81]
Euclid geometry [82]
Jan van Eyck oil painting [83]

“Einstein” redirects here. ... Two-dimensional analogy of space-time curvature described in General Relativity. ... Dwight David Ike Eisenhower, born David Dwight Eisenhower (October 14, 1890 – March 28, 1969) was an American General and politician, who served as the thirty-fourth President of the United States (1953–1961). ... Interstate Highways in the 48 contiguous states. ... William Phelps Eno (1858-1945) was an American businessman responsible for many of the earliest innovations in road safety and traffic control. ... The field of road safety is concerned with reducing the numbers or the consequences of vehicle crashes, by developing and implementing management systems based in a multidisciplinary and holistic approach, with interrelated activities in a number of fields. ... Euclid (Greek: ), also known as Euclid of Alexandria, was a Hellenistic mathematician who flourished in Alexandria, Egypt, almost certainly during the reign of Ptolemy I (323–283 BC). ... Calabi-Yau manifold Geometry (Greek γεωμετρία; geo = earth, metria = measure) is a part of mathematics concerned with questions of size, shape, and relative position of figures and with properties of space. ... Portrait of a Man in a Turban (actually a chaperon), probably a self-portrait, painted 1433 Jan van Eyck or Johannes de Eyck (c. ... Mona Lisa, Oil on wood panel painting by Leonardo da Vinci. ...

F

Name "Father / Mother of ..." Sources
Philo Farnsworth television [84]
Pierre Fauchard modern dentistry [85]
Reginald Fessenden radiotelephony [86][87]
Ronald Fisher modern statistics [88]
Sigmund Freud psychoanalysis [89]

Philo Taylor Farnsworth (August 19, 1906 – March 11, 1971) was an American inventor. ... Pierre Fauchard (born 1687 in Brittany; died March 22, 1761 in Paris) was a significant French dentist. ... A Dentist and Dental Assistant perform surgery on a patient. ... Reginald Aubrey Fessenden (October 6, 1866 – July 22, 1932) was a Canadian-born inventor, best known for his work in early radio. ... Sir Ronald Aylmer Fisher, FRS (17 February 1890 – 29 July 1962) was a British statistician, evolutionary biologist, and geneticist. ... A graph of a Normal bell curve showing statistics used in educational assessment and comparing various grading methods. ... Sigmund Freud (IPA: ), born Sigismund Schlomo Freud (May 6, 1856 – September 23, 1939), was a Jewish-Austrian neurologist and psychiatrist who co-founded the psychoanalytic school of psychology. ... Psychoanalysis is a family of psychological theories and methods based on the work of Sigmund Freud. ...

G

Name "Father / Mother of ..." Sources
Galileo Galilei physics [90]
Geber (Jabir ibn Hayyan) chemistry [10][91][92]
Hugo Gernsback science fiction magazine [93][94]
Robert H. Goddard astronautics [95]
Anthony Norris Groves faith missions [96]
Gary Gygax Dungeons & Dragons and role-playing games [97]

Galileo Galilei (15 February 1564 – 8 January 1642) was an Italian physicist, mathematician, astronomer, and philosopher who is closely associated with the scientific revolution. ... The first few hydrogen atom electron orbitals shown as cross-sections with color-coded probability density Physics (Greek: (phúsis), nature and (phusiké), knowledge of nature) is the branch of science concerned with the discovery and characterization of universal laws which govern matter, energy, space, and time. ... Jabir ibn Hayyan and Geber were also pen names of an anonymous 14th century Spanish alchemist: see Pseudo-Geber. ... Chemistry - the study of atoms, made of nuclei (conglomeration of center particles) and electrons (outer particles), and the structures they form. ... Hugo Gernsback (August 16, 1884 - August 19, 1967) was an inventor and magazine publisher who also wrote science fiction and whose publication included the first science fiction magazine. ... Science fiction is a form of speculative fiction principally dealing with the impact of imagined science and technology, or both, upon society and persons as individuals. ... Robert Hutchings Goddard (1882-1945) Robert Hutchings Goddard (October 5, 1882 – August 10, 1945), U.S. professor and scientist, was a pioneer of controlled, liquid-fueled rocketry. ... Astronautics is the branch of engineering that deals with machines designed to work outside of Earths atmosphere, whether manned or unmanned. ... Anthony Norris Groves (February 1, 1795 - May 20, 1853), has been described as the father of faith missions. He launched the first Protestant mission to Arabic-speaking Muslims, and settled in Baghdad, now the capital of Iraq, and later in southern India. ... Two Mormon missionaries A missionary is traditionally defined as a propagator of religion who works to convert those outside that community; someone who proselytizes. ... Ernest Gary Gygax, 2004 Ernest Gary Gygax (born July 27, 1938 in Chicago, Illinois) is best known as the author of the well known fantasy role-playing game Dungeons & Dragons (D&D), co-created with Dave Arneson and co-published with Don Kaye in 1974 under the company Tactical Studies... Dungeons & Dragons (abbreviated as D&D or DnD) is a fantasy role-playing game (RPG) currently published by Wizards of the Coast. ... This article is about games in which one plays the role of a character. ...

H

Name "Father / Mother of ..." Sources
Kurt Haertel European patent law [98] [99]
John Harrison the marine chronometer [100]
Joseph Haydn[101] the symphony and the string quartet [102][103][104]
Herodotus history [105]
Theodor Herzl Zionism [106]
Earl "Fatha" Hines modern jazz piano [107]
Hipparchus trigonometry [108]
Hippocrates medicine [109]
Homer the modern novel [110]
G. Evelyn Hutchinson modern limnology [111]
James Hutton modern geology [112]
Maulvi Abdul Haq Urdu [113]

Dr Kurt Haertel (September 26, 1910, Berlin, Germany - March 30, 2000, Seefeld am Ammersee, Germany [1]) was a German patent lawyer. ... European patent law covers a wide range of legislations including national patent laws, the Strasbourg Convention of 1963, the European Patent Convention of 1973, and a number of European Union directives and regulations. ... John Harrison John Harrison (March 24, 1693–March 24, 1776) was an English clockmaker, who designed and built the worlds first successful chronometer (maritime clock), one whose accuracy was great enough to allow the determination of longitude over long distances. ... A marine chronometer is a timekeeper precise enough to be used as a portable time standard, used to determine longitude by means of celestial navigation. ... Portrait by Thomas Hardy, 1792 Franz Joseph Haydn[1] (March 31, 1732 – May 31, 1809) was one of the most prominent composers of the Classical period, and is called by some the Father of the Symphony and Father of the String Quartet. A life-long resident of Austria, Haydn spent... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... The resident string quartet of the Library of Congress in 1963 A string quartet is a musical ensemble of four string instruments—usually two violins, a viola and cello—or a piece written to be performed by such a group. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... The title page to The Historians History of the World. ... Theodor Herzl, in his middle age. ... Zionism is a political movement that supports a homeland for the Jewish people in the Land of Israel, where Jewish nationhood is thought to have evolved somewhere between 1200 BCE and late Second Temple times,[1][2] and where Jewish kingdoms existed up to the 2nd century CE. Zionism is... Earl Kenneth Hines, universally known as Earl Fatha Hines, (28 December 1903[1] Duquesne, Pennsylvania – 22 April 1983 in Oakland, California) was one of the most important pianists in the history of jazz. ... Jazz is a musical art form that originated in New Orleans, Louisiana, United States around the start of the 20th century. ... A short grand piano, with the top up. ... For the Athenian tyrant, see Hipparchus (son of Pisistratus). ... Wikibooks has a book on the topic of Trigonometry Trigonometry (from Greek trigōnon triangle + metron measure[1]) is a branch of mathematics that deals with triangles, particularly triangles in a plane where one angle of the triangle is 90 degrees (right angled triangles). ... Hippocrates of Cos II or Hippokrates of Kos (ca. ... medicines, see medication and pharmacology. ... Homer (Greek: , ) was an early Greek poet and aoidos (rhapsode) traditionally credited with the composition of the Iliad and the Odyssey. ... A novel (from French nouvelle Italian novella, new) is an extended, generally fictional narrative, typically in prose. ... G. Evelyn Hutchinson holding a baby potto George Evelyn Hutchinson (born January 30, 1903, died May 17, 1991) was an Anglo-American zoologist known for his studies of freshwater lakes and considered the father of modern limnology. ... Limnology is a discipline that concerns the study of inland waters (both saline and fresh), specifically lakes, ponds and rivers (both natural and manmade), including their biological, physical, chemical, and hydrological aspects. ... this dude has a HUGE nose James Hutton, painted by Abner Lowe. ... This article includes a list of works cited but its sources remain unclear because it lacks in-text citations. ... Maulvi Abdul Haq (1870–1961) was the noted Urdu linguist, scholar, writer, researcher and activist who is unanimously celebrated as Baba-i-Urdu (Father of Urdu). ... Urdu ( , , trans. ...

I

Name "Father / Mother of ..." Sources
Imhotep medicine and architecture [114]
Kees Immink Compact Disc [115]
Art Ingels karting [116]

Statuette of Imhotep in the Louvre another image of the same statue Imhotep (sometimes spelled Immutef, Im-hotep, or Ii-em-Hotep, Egyptian ) is the first architect and physician known by name in written history. ... Kees A. Schouhamer Immink Kees (Kornelis) Antonie Schouhamer Immink was born in Rotterdam, the Netherlands, on December 18, 1946. ... A Compact Disc or CD is an optical disc used to store digital data, originally developed for storing digital audio. ... Art Ingels (sometimes misspelled as Ingles) is known as the father of karting. In 1956, while he was a race car builder at Kurtis Kraft, a famous builder of Indy race cars during the 1950s, he assembled the first go kart out of scrap metal and a surplus West Bend... A kart racer takes a turn on an indoor track Kart racing (as the word is so spelled by enthusiasts) or karting is a variant of open-wheeler motor sport with simple, small four-wheeled vehicles called karts, go-karts, or gearbox/shifter karts depending on the design. ...

J

Name "Father / Mother of ..." Sources
John Paul Jones United States Navy [117]

John Paul Jones (July 6, 1747–July 18, 1792) was Americas first well-known naval hero in the American Revolutionary War. ... The United States Navy (USN) is the branch of the United States armed forces responsible for conducting naval operations. ...

K

Name "Father / Mother of ..." Sources
Walter Kaaden the modern expansion chamber [118]
Katheryn of Berain Wales [119]
Ibn Khaldun demography, historiography, philosophy of history, sociology [120][121][122]
Søren Kierkegaard existentialism [123]
Jack Kilby Integrated circuit [124]
O. Raymond Knight Canadian rodeo [125]

An expansion chamber is an exhaust system used on two stroke cycle engines to enhance power output. ... Katheryn of Berain (Welsh, Catrin o Berain) (1534–27 August 1591), sometimes called Mam Gymru (mother of Wales) was a Welsh noblewoman noted for her four marriages and her extensive network of descendants and relations. ... This article is about the country. ... Ibn KhaldÅ«n or Ibn Khaldoun (full name Arabic: , ) (May 27, 1332/732AH – March 19, 1406/808AH), was a famous Arab Muslim historian, historiographer, demographer, economist, philosopher and sociologist born in present-day Tunisia. ... Map of countries by population Population growth showing projections for later this century Demography is the statistical study of human populations. ... Historiography is a term with multiple meanings that has changed with time, place and observer, and is thus resistant to a single encompassing meaning. ... Philosophy of History is an area of philosophy concerning the eventual significance, if any, of human history. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Søren Aabye Kierkegaard (IPA: , but usually Anglicized as ;  ) 5 May 1813 – 11 November 1855) was a prolific 19th century Danish philosopher and theologian. ... Cover of Sartres book Nausea Existentialism is a philosophical movement that claims that individual human beings have full responsibility for creating the meanings of their own lives. ... Jack St. ... Integrated circuit of Atmel Diopsis 740 System on Chip showing memory blocks, logic and input/output pads around the periphery Microchips with a transparent window, showing the integrated circuit inside. ...

L

Name "Father / Mother of ..." Sources
Jack LaLanne fitness [126]
Antoine Lavoisier modern chemistry [127]
Ivy Lee public relations [128]
Antonie van Leeuwenhoek microbiology [129]
Vladimir Lenin the Soviet Union [130]
Justus von Liebig modern nutrition [131]
Carolus Linnaeus modern taxonomy [132]
Lucian of Samosata science fiction [133]
Martin Luther Protestantism (Lutheranism) [134]

Jack LaLanne in the 1940s Jack LaLanne (b. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Antoine-Laurent de Lavoisier (August 26, 1743 – May 8, 1794) the father of modern chemistry, was a French nobleman prominent in the histories of chemistry, finance, biology, and economics. ... Chemistry - the study of atoms, made of nuclei (conglomeration of center particles) and electrons (outer particles), and the structures they form. ... Ivy Ledbetter Lee (July 16, 1877 – November 9, 1934) is considered by some to be the founder of modern public relations, although the title could also be held by Edward Bernays. ... Public relations (PR): Building sustainable relations with all publics in order to create a postive brand image. ... Anton von Leeuwenhoek Anton van Leeuwenhoek (October 24, 1632 _ August 26, 1723) was a tradesman and scientist from Delft, in the Netherlands. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... “Lenin” redirects here. ... Freiherr Justus von Liebig (May 12, 1803 in Darmstadt, Germany – April 18, 1873 in Munich, Germany) was a German chemist who made major contributions to agricultural and biological chemistry, and worked on the organization of organic chemistry. ... The updated USDA food pyramid, published in 2005, is a general nutrition guide for recommended food consumption. ... Carl Linnaeus, Latinized as Carolus Linnaeus, also known after his ennoblement as  , (May 23, 1707[1] – January 10, 1778), was a Swedish botanist, physician and zoologist[2] who laid the foundations for the modern scheme of nomenclature. ... Taxonomy, sometimes alpha taxonomy, is the science of finding, describing and naming organisms, thus giving rise to taxa. ... Lucian. ... Science fiction is a form of speculative fiction principally dealing with the impact of imagined science and technology, or both, upon society and persons as individuals. ... Martin Luther (November 10, 1483 – February 18, 1546) was a German monk,[1] priest, professor, theologian, and church reformer. ... Topics in Christianity Movements · Denominations Ecumenism · Preaching · Prayer Music · Liturgy · Calendar Symbols · Art · Criticism Important figures Apostle Paul · Church Fathers Constantine · Athanasius · Augustine Anselm · Aquinas · Palamas · Wycliffe Tyndale · Luther · Calvin · Wesley Arius · Marcion of Sinope Pope · Archbishop of Canterbury Patriarch of Constantinople Christianity Portal This box:      Protestantism encompasses the forms... The Lutheran movement is a group of denominations of Protestant Christianity by the original definition. ...

M

Name "Father / Mother of ..." Sources
Bernarr Macfadden physical culture [135]
Madhava of Sangamagrama mathematical analysis [136][137]
James Madison the United States Constitution [138]
Harry Markowitz Modern portfolio theory [139]
Karl Marx Communism [140]
Abram Poindexter Maury Sr. Franklin, Tennessee [141]
Gregor Mendel Genetics [142]
Dmitri Mendeleev the periodic table [143]
Matthew Fontaine Maury modern naval oceanography and meteorology [144]
Theodore August Metz jazz [145]
Bill Monroe bluegrass music [146]
Dick Morley programmable logic controller [147]
Jedidiah Morse American geography [148] [149]
Jelly Roll Morton jazz [150]

Macfadden posing as David in 1905. ... Physical Culture Physical Culture, (or Physie - pronounced fizzy) is a sport for girls and women from 4 years up which aims to build confidence, good posture, strength, grace, and flexibility through exercise. ... Madhavan (മാധവന്) of Sangamagramam (1350–1425) was a prominent mathematician-astronomer from Kerala, India. ... Analysis is the branch of mathematics most explicitly concerned with the notion of a limit, either the limit of a sequence or the limit of a function. ... James Madison (March 16, 1751 – June 28, 1836), an American politician and fourth President of the United States of America (1809–1817), was one of the most influential Founders of the United States. ... The United States Constitution is the supreme law of the United States of America. ... Harry Max Markowitz (born August 24, 1927) is an influential economist at City University of New York and winner of the Bank of Sweden Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel in 1990. ... Capital Market Line Modern portfolio theory (MPT) proposes how rational investors will use diversification to optimize their portfolios, and how a risky asset should be priced. ... Karl Heinrich Marx (May 5, 1818, Trier, Germany – March 14, 1883, London) was a German philosopher, political economist, and revolutionary. ... Communism is an ideology that seeks to establish a classless, stateless social organization based on common ownership of the means of production. ... Abram Poindexter Maury was an American politician that represented Tennessees eighth district in the United States House of Representatives. ... Franklin is a city in Williamson County, Tennessee, USA. The population was 41,842 at the 2000 census, and as of 2007, the population is at 48,593. ... Gregor Johann Mendel (July 20, 1822[1] – January 6, 1884) was a Moravian[2] Augustinian priest and scientist often called the father of modern genetics for his study of the inheritance of traits in pea plants. ... DNA, the molecular basis for inheritance. ... Portrait of Dimitri Mendeleyev by Ilya Repin Dmitri Mendeleev (Russian: , Dmitriy Ivanovich Mendeleyev  ) (8 February [O.S. 27 January] 1834 in Tobolsk – 2 February [O.S. 20 January] 1907 in Saint Petersburg), was a Russian chemist. ... The periodic table of the chemical elements is a tabular method of displaying the chemical elements, first devised by English analytical chemist John Newlands in 1863. ... Matthew Fontaine Maury Matthew Fontaine Maury (January 14, 1806 – February 1, 1873), USN - American astronomer, astrophysicist, historian, oceanographer, meteorologist, cartographer, author, geologist, educator. ... Thermohaline circulation Oceanography (from Ocean + Greek γράφειν = write), also called oceanology or marine science, is the branch of Earth Sciences that studies the Earths oceans and seas. ... Satellite image of Hurricane Hugo with a polar low visible at the top of the image. ... Jazz is a musical art form that originated in New Orleans, Louisiana, United States around the start of the 20th century. ... Bill Monroe Bill Monroe (September 13, 1911 - September 9, 1996) developed the style of country music known as bluegrass, which takes its name from his band, the Blue Grass Boys, named for his home state of Kentucky. ... Bluegrass music is a form of American roots music which has its own roots in Irish, Scottish and English traditional music. ... Dick Morley is known as the father of the PLC since he was involved with the production of the first programmable logic controller (PLC) for GM, the Modicon, at Bedford and Associates in 1968. ... PLC & input/output arrangements A Programmable Logic Controller®, PLC®, or Programmable Controller is an electronic device used for automation of industrial processes, such as control of machinery on factory assembly lines. ... Jedidiah Morse Rev. ... Morton in the 1920s Ferdinand Jelly Roll Morton September 20, 1890 - July 10, 1941) was an American virtuoso pianist, bandleader and composer who some call the first true composer of jazz music. ... Jazz is a musical art form that originated in New Orleans, Louisiana, United States around the start of the 20th century. ...

N

Name "Father / Mother of ..." Sources
Robert Napier Clyde shipbuilding [151]
Thomas Nast the American political cartoon [152]
Isaac Newton Calculus [153]
Nicéphore Niépce photography [154]

Robert Napier. ... Map of the Firth of Clyde and area The Firth of Clyde forms a large area of coastal water, sheltered from the Atlantic ocean by the Kintyre peninsula which encloses the outer firth in Argyll and Ayrshire, Scotland. ... Men from Francisco de Orellanas expedition building a small brigantine, the San Pedro, to be used in the search for food Shipbuilding is the construction of ships. ... Thomas Nast (September 27, 1840 – December 7, 1902) was a famous German-American caricaturist and editorial cartoonist in the 19th century and is considered to be the father of American political cartooning. ... This early political cartoon by Ben Franklin was originally written for the French and Indian War, but was later recycled during the Revolutionary War An editorial cartoon, also known as a political cartoon, is an illustration or comic strip containing a political or social message. ... Sir Isaac Newton, (4 January 1643 – 31 March 1727) [ OS: 25 December 1642 – 20 March 1727][1] was an English physicist, mathematician, astronomer, natural philosopher, and alchemist, regarded by many as the greatest figure in the history of science. ... Calculus (from Latin, pebble or little stone) is a mathematical subject that includes the study of limits, derivatives, integrals, and infinite series, and constitutes a major part of modern university education. ... Nicéphore Niépces earliest surviving photograph, circa 1826 Joseph Nicéphore Niépce (March 7, 1765 – July 5, 1833) was a French inventor, most noted as a pioneer in photography. ... Photography [fәtɑgrәfi:],[foʊtɑgrәfi:] is the process of recording pictures by means of capturing light on a light-sensitive medium, such as a film or sensor. ...

O

Name "Father / Mother of ..." Sources
Francis Ohanyido African Neo-Renaissance [155]
Hermann Oberth astronautics [156]
Robert Oppenheimer the atomic bomb [157]

Francis Ohanyido (born March 4, 1970) is a Nigerian poet and philosopher. ... Oberth (in front) with fellow ABMA employees. ... Astronautics is the branch of engineering that deals with machines designed to work outside of Earths atmosphere, whether manned or unmanned. ... J. Robert Oppenheimer[1] (April 22, 1904 – February 18, 1967) was an American theoretical physicist, best known for his role as the director of the Manhattan Project, the World War II effort to develop the first nuclear weapons, at the secret Los Alamos laboratory in New Mexico. ... The mushroom cloud of the atomic bombing of Nagasaki, Japan, 1945, rose some 18 km (11 mi) above the epicenter. ...

P

Name "Father / Mother of ..." Sources
Panini grammar, informatics, linguistics [158][159][160]
Frank Pantridge emergency medicine [161]
Lester B. Pearson UN peacekeeping [162]
Linus Pauling molecular biology [163]
Paracelsus toxicology [164]
Petrarch humanism [165][166]
Pythagoras numbers [167]

Panini can refer to: Pāṇini, the 5th century BC Sanskrit grammarian Panini (sandwich), a type of Italian sandwich Panini (stickers), a brand of collectible stickers Giovanni Paolo Panini, an Italian artist This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... For the surname, see Grammer. ... Informatics includes the science of information, the practice of information processing, and the engineering of information systems. ... Linguistics is the scientific study of language, which can be theoretical or applied. ... James Francis Frank Pantridge (October 3, 1916, Hillsborough – 26 December 2004) was a Northern Ireland physician and cardiologist who transformed emergency medicine and paramedic services with the invention of the portable defibrillator. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... Lester Bowles Pearson, often referred to as Mike, PC, OM, CC, OBE, MA, LL.D. (April 23, 1897 – December 27, 1972) was a Canadian statesman, diplomat and politician who was made a Nobel Laureate in 1957. ... It has been suggested that this article be split into multiple articles accessible from a disambiguation page. ... Linus Carl Pauling (February 28, 1901 – August 19, 1994) was an American quantum chemist and biochemist. ... Molecular biology is the study of biology at a molecular level. ... Paracelsus (11 November or 17 December 1493 in Einsiedeln, Switzerland - 24 September 1541) was an alchemist, physician, astrologer, and general occultist. ... Toxicology (from the Greek words toxicos and logos [1]) is the study of the adverse effects of chemicals on living organisms [2]. It is the study of symptoms, mechanisms, treatments and detection of poisoning, especially the poisoning of people. ... From the c. ... Humanism[1] is a broad category of ethical philosophies that affirm the dignity and worth of all people, based on the ability to determine right and wrong by appeal to universal human qualities—particularly rationality. ... Pythagoras of Samos (Greek: ; between 580 and 572 BC–between 500 BC and 490 BC) was an Ionian (Greek) philosopher[1] and founder of the religious movement called Pythagoreanism. ... A number is an abstract idea used in counting and measuring. ...

Q

Name "Father / Mother of ..." Sources

R

Name "Father / Mother of ..." Sources
Ma Rainey the blues [168]
Hyman G. Rickover the "atomic" submarine and "nuclear navy" [169] [170] [171]
Charles S. Roberts wargaming [172]
Jimmie Rodgers country music [173] [174] [175]
Benjamin Rush American Psychiatry [176]
Ernest Rutherford nuclear physics [177]

Gertrude Malissa Nix Pridgett Rainey, better known as Ma Rainey (September, 1882 – December 22, 1939), was one of the earliest known professional blues singers and one of the first generation of such singers to record. ... Blues is a vocal and instrumental form of music based on the use of the blue notes and a repetitive pattern that most often follows a twelve-bar structure. ... Hyman G. Rickover (1955) Admiral Hyman George Rickover, U.S. Navy, (January 27, 1900 – July 8, 1986) was known as the Father of the Nuclear Navy, which as of November 2005 had produced 199 nuclear-powered submarines, and 19 nuclear-powered aircraft carriers and cruisers, though many of these U... A nuclear power station. ... Alvin in 1978, a year after first exploring hydrothermal vents. ... Nuclear navy, or nuclear powered navy consists of ships powered by relatively small onboard nuclear reactors known as naval reactors. ... Categories: Stub | Board game designers ... Glory, an American Civil War game by GMT This article is about the civilian hobby. ... ‹ The template below has been proposed for deletion. ... This article includes a list of works cited but its sources remain unclear because it lacks in-text citations. ... Dr. Benjamin Rush, painted by Charles Wilson Peale, c. ... Ernest Rutherford Ernest Rutherford, 1st Baron Rutherford of Nelson, PC, OM, FRS (August 30, 1871 – October 19, 1937), was a New Zealand nuclear physicist. ... Nuclear physics is the branch of physics concerned with the nucleus of the atom. ...

S

Name "Father / Mother of ..." Sources
Andrei Sakharov the Soviet Union's hydrogen bomb [178]
Italo Santelli modern sabre fencing [179]
George Sarton history of science [180]
Erik Satie ambient music [181]
Thomas Say entomology in North America [182]
Moritz Schlick Logical positivism [183]
J. Marion Sims gynaecology [184] [185]
George C. Stoney public access television [186]
Hubertus Strughold space medicine [187]
Sushruta surgery and plastic surgery [188][189]
Leó Szilárd the atomic bomb [190]

Andrei Sakharov, 1943 For the historian, see Andrey Nikolayevich Sakharov. ... The mushroom cloud of the atomic bombing of Nagasaki, Japan, in 1945 lifted nuclear fallout some 18 km (60,000 feet) above the epicenter. ... Italo Santelli (August 15, 1866-February 8, 1945) was an Italian fencer who is considered to be the father of modern sabre fencing. Early life Italo Santelli was born in Italy in 1866. ... A sabre fencer. ... George Alfred Leon Sarton (1884-1956) was a seminal Belgian-American polymath and historian of science. ... Science is a body of empirical and theoretical knowledge, produced by a global community of researchers, making use of specific techniques for the observation and explanation of real phenomena, this techne summed up under the banner of scientific method. ... Selfportrait of Erik Satie. ... Ambient music is a musical genre that incorporates elements of a number of different styles - including jazz, electronic music, new age, modern classical music, traditional, world, and noise. ... Thomas Say. ... Not to be confused with Etymology, the study of the origin of words. ... Moritz Schlick around 1930 Moritz Schlick ( )(April 14, 1882–June 22, 1936) was a German philosopher and the founding father of logical positivism and the Vienna Circle. ... Logical positivism is a school of philosophy that combines empiricism—the idea that observational evidence is indispensable for knowledge of the world — with a version of rationalism—the idea that our knowledge includes a component that is not derived from observation. ... J. Marion Sims, born James Marion Sims on January 25, 1813 in Hanging Rock, South Carolina is a surgical pioneer and considered the father of American gynecology. ... The shamefulness associated with the examination of female genitalia has long inhibited the science of gynaecology. ... George C. Stoney (1916-) is a professor of film and cinema studies at New York University, and a pioneer in the field of documentary film. ... Public access television is a cable television service that allows members of the public to use a cable companys facilities and equipment to create and broadcast their own content. ... Hubertus Strughold (1898-1987) was a German pioneer of space medicine and the author of over 180 papers in the field. ... Space medicine is the practice of medicine on astronauts in outer space. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Sushruta Samhita. ... A cardiothoracic surgeon performs a mitral valve replacement at the Fitzsimons Army Medical Center. ... “Facial reconstruction” redirects here. ... Leó Szilárd (February 11, 1898 – May 30, 1964 Originally Szilárd Leó) was a Jewish Hungarian-American physicist who conceived the nuclear chain reaction and worked on the Manhattan Project. ... The mushroom cloud of the atomic bombing of Nagasaki, Japan, 1945, rose some 18 km (11 mi) above the epicenter. ...

T

Name "Father / Mother of ..." Sources
Kenjiro Takayanagi Japanese television [191][192]
William Henry Fox Talbot photography [193]
Edward Teller the hydrogen bomb [194]
LaMarcus Adna Thompson "gravity" (the rollercoaster) [195]
J. R. R. Tolkien modern fantasy literature [196]
Konstantin Tsiolkovsky cosmonautics [197]
Tsunekazu Ishihara Pokémon [198]
Alan Turing computer science [199]
Julia Tuttle Miami, Florida [200]
Mark Twain American literature [201]

A recreation of Takayanagis pioneering experiment, on display at the NHK Broadcasting Museum in Minato-ku, Tokyo Kenjiro Takayanagi , January 20, 1899 – July 23, 1990) was a Japanese pioneer in the development of television. ... William Henry Fox Talbot (February 11, 1800 - September 17, 1877) was one of the first photographers and made major contributions to the photographic process. ... Photography [fәtɑgrәfi:],[foʊtɑgrәfi:] is the process of recording pictures by means of capturing light on a light-sensitive medium, such as a film or sensor. ... Edward Teller (original Hungarian name Teller Ede) (January 15, 1908 – September 9, 2003) was a Jewish Hungarian-American theoretical physicist, known colloquially as the father of the hydrogen bomb. ... The mushroom cloud of the atomic bombing of Nagasaki, Japan, 1945, rose some 18 kilometers (11 mi) above the hypocenter. ... Ohio born American LaMarcus Adna Thompson (March 8, 1848 - May 8, 1919) is best known for his early work developing rollercoasters, and is sometimes called the Although over his lifetime, LaMarcus accumulated nearly thirty patents related to roller-coaster technologies and built dozens of coasters in the US, he did... A typical roller coaster The roller coaster is a popular amusement ride developed for amusement parks and modern theme parks. ... John Ronald Reuel Tolkien CBE (January 3, 1892 – September 2, 1973) was an English philologist, writer and university professor, best known as the author of The Hobbit and The Lord of the Rings. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... Konstantin Eduardovich Tsiolkovsky Konstantin Eduardovich Tsiolkovsky (Константин Эдуардович Циолковский, Konstanty Ciołkowski) (September 5, 1857 new style – September 19, 1935) was a Russian and Soviet rocket scientist and pioneer of cosmonautics who spent most of his life in a log house on the outskirts of the Russian town of Kaluga. ... Astronautics is the branch of engineering that deals with machines designed to work outside of Earths atmosphere, whether manned or unmanned. ... The official Pokémon logo. ... Alan Mathison Turing, OBE (23 June 1912 – 7 June 1954) was an English mathematician, logician, and cryptographer. ... Computer science, or computing science, is the study of the theoretical foundations of information and computation and their implementation and application in computer systems. ... Julia Tuttle photo from Florida Photographic Collection Julia DeForest (née Sturtevant) Tuttle, (c. ... Nickname: Location in Miami-Dade County and the state of Florida. ... Samuel Langhorne Clemens (November 30, 1835 — April 21, 1910),[1] better known by the pen name Mark Twain, was an American humorist, satirist, writer, and lecturer. ... American literature refers to written or literary work produced in the area of the United States and Colonial America. ...

U

Name "Father / Mother of ..." Sources

V

Name "Father / Mother of ..." Sources
Jules Verne science fiction [202][94]

Jules Gabriel Verne (February 8, 1828–March 24, 1905) was a French author who pioneered the science-fiction genre. ... Science fiction is a form of speculative fiction principally dealing with the impact of imagined science and technology, or both, upon society and persons as individuals. ...

W

Name "Father / Mother of ..." Sources
Alice Waters California cuisine [203]
Muddy Watersa Chicago blues / electric blues [204]
John B. Watson Behaviorism [205]
Thomas Wedgwood photography [206]
H.G. Wells science fiction [202][94]
H.G. Wells miniature wargaming [207]
John Wesley Methodism [208]
Frank Whittle the jet engine [209][210]
Mary Wollstonecraft feminism [211][212]
Norbert Wiener cybernetics [213][214]
Steve Wozniak the personal computer [215]
Wilhelm Wundt modern psychology [216]

a McKinley Morganfield Alice Louise Waters (born 28 April 1944 in Chatham, New Jersey) is a well-known American chef. ... California cuisine is a cuisine marked by an interest in fusion— integrating disparate cooking styles and ingredients— and which, out of respect for the states health-conscious tradition, tends to produce food which is fresh and/or lean, rather than manufactured and/or fried. ... McKinley Morganfield (April 4, 1915 – April 30, 1983), better known as Muddy Waters, was an American blues musician and is generally considered the father of Chicago blues. He is also the actual father of blues musician Big Bill Morganfield. ... The Chicago blues is a form of blues music that developed in Chicago, Illinois by adding electrically amplified guitar, drums, piano, bass guitar and sometimes saxophone to the basic guitar/harmonica Delta blues. ... The electric blues is a type of blues music distinguished by the amplification of the guitar, the bass guitar , and/or the harmonica. ... John Broadus Watson (January 9, 1878–September 25, 1958) was an American psychologist who established the psychological school of behaviorism, after doing research on animal behavior. ... Behaviorism (also called learning perspective) is a philosophy of psychology based on the proposition that all things which organisms do—including acting, thinking and feeling—can and should be regarded as behaviors. ... Thomas Wedgwood (1685-1739) Master Potter of the Churchyard Work, Burslem. ... Photography [fÓ™tÉ‘grÓ™fi:],[foÊŠtÉ‘grÓ™fi:] is the process of recording pictures by means of capturing light on a light-sensitive medium, such as a film or sensor. ... H. G. Wells at the door of his house at Sandgate Herbert George Wells (September 21, 1866 - August 13, 1946) was an English writer best known for his science fiction novels such as The War of the Worlds and The Time Machine. ... Science fiction is a form of speculative fiction principally dealing with the impact of imagined science and technology, or both, upon society and persons as individuals. ... H. G. Wells at the door of his house at Sandgate Herbert George Wells (September 21, 1866 - August 13, 1946) was an English writer best known for his science fiction novels such as The War of the Worlds and The Time Machine. ... Bavarian Napoleonic Infantry, 1811, from the historical wargame Volley & Bayonet. ... John Wesley (June 28 [O.S. June 17] 1703 – March 2, 1791) was an eighteenth-century Anglican minister and Christian theologian who was an early leader in the Methodist movement. ... Topics in Christianity Movements · Denominations Ecumenism · Preaching · Prayer Music · Liturgy · Calendar Symbols · Art · Criticism Important figures Apostle Paul · Church Fathers Constantine · Athanasius · Augustine Anselm · Aquinas · Palamas · Wycliffe Tyndale · Luther · Calvin · Wesley Arius · Marcion of Sinope Pope · Archbishop of Canterbury Patriarch of Constantinople Christianity Portal This box:      For school of ancient... Air Commodore Sir Frank Whittle, OM, KBE FRS (1 June 1907–9 August 1996) was a Royal Air Force officer who invented the jet engine. ... A Pratt and Whitney turbofan engine for the F-15 Eagle is tested at Robins Air Force Base, Georgia, USA. The tunnel behind the engine muffles noise and allows exhaust to escape. ... Mary Wollstonecraft (27 April 1759 – 10 September 1797) was a British writer, philosopher and feminist. ... Feminism comprises a number of social, cultural and political movements, theories and moral philosophies that are concerned with cultural, political and economic practices and inequalities that discriminate against women. ... This article or section is not written in the formal tone expected of an encyclopedia article. ... Cybernetics is the study of feedback and derived concepts such as communication and control in living organisms, machines and organisations. ... Stephan Gary Woz Wozniak (b. ... Wilhelm Wundt Wilhelm Maximilian Wundt (August 16, 1832 – August 31, 1920) was a German physiologist and psychologist. ... Psychology (from Greek: ψυχή, psukhÄ“, spirit, soul; and λόγος, logos, knowledge) is an academic / applied discipline involving the scientific study of mental processes and behavior of humans and animals. ...


X

Name "Father / Mother of ..." Sources

Y

Name "Father / Mother of ..." Sources
Muhammad Yunus microcredit [217]
Mike Yurosek the baby carrot [218]
Neil Young the godfather of grunge [219]

Dr. Muhammad Yunus (Bengali: , pronounced ) (born June 28, 1940) is a Muslim Bangladeshi banker and economist. ... Microcredit is the extension of very small loans (microloans) to the unemployed, to poor entrepreneurs and to others living in poverty who are not considered bankable. ... Mike Yurosek is a California farmer who is known as the father of the baby carrot. Many people are surpised to learn that the baby carrot that is popular in the US is not a separate breed but a way of processing regular full sized carrots to increase utilization and... A baby carrot is a carrot grown to the baby stage, which is to say long before the root reaches its mature size. ... Neil Percival Young[1] OM (born November 12, 1945, Toronto, Ontario) is a Canadian singer-songwriter, guitarist, and film director from Omemee, Ontario. ... Grunge music (sometimes also referred to as the Seattle Sound) is an independent-rooted music genre that became a commercially successful offshoot of hardcore punk, thrash metal, and alternative rock in the late 1980s and early 1990s. ...

Z

Name "Father / Mother of ..." Sources

See also

The Church Fathers or Fathers of the Church are the early and influential theologians and writers in the Christian Church, particularly those of the first five centuries of Christian history. ... Several individuals may be recognized as father of the Canadian system of universal public medicare: Tommy Douglas pioneered public health insurance as Premier of Saskatchewan from 1944 to 1961 and federal leader of the New Democratic Party of Canada from 1961 to 1971. ... This article does not cite its references or sources. ... Founding Fathers are persons instrumental in the establishment of an institution, usually a political institution, especially those connected to the origination of its ideals. ... The epithet Mother of the Nation, unlike its male equivalent Father of the Nation, has seen only occasional use, primarily due to the male-dominated history of nation-building. ...

References

  1. ^ in the sense of a simile, i.e. not literally.
  2. ^ "Abildgaard, Nikolaj Abraham," entry in 1911 Encyclopaedia Britannica, online[1]: "ABILDGAARD, NIKOLAJ ABRAHAM (1744–1800), called 'the Father of Danish Painting,' ... a cold theorist... As a technical painter he attained remarkable success, his tone being very harmonious and even, but the effect, to a foreigner's eye, is rarely interesting. His works are scarcely known out of Copenhagen, where he won an immense fame in his own generation."
  3. ^ Martin-Araguz, A.; Bustamante-Martinez, C.; Fernandez-Armayor, Ajo V.; Moreno-Martinez, J. M. (2002). "Neuroscience in al-Andalus and its influence on medieval scholastic medicine", Revista de neurología 34 (9), p. 877-892.
  4. ^ Akbar S. Ahmed (1984). "Al-Beruni: The First Anthropologist", RAIN 60, p. 9-10.
  5. ^ "Erik Acharius, the father of lichenology," Department of Cryptogamic Botany, Swedish Museum of Natural History. Link. 17 December 1999.
  6. ^ A Great Man of Finland's History, at "Agricola 2007 Anniversary" site (in Finnish) of University of Turku, Finland
  7. ^ R. L. Verma (1969). Al-Hazen: father of modern optics.
  8. ^ Bradley Steffens (2006). Ibn al-Haytham: First Scientist, Morgan Reynolds Publishing, ISBN 1599350246.
  9. ^ Rosanna Gorini (2003). "Al-Haytham the Man of Experience. First Steps in the Science of Vision", International Society for the History of Islamic Medicine. Institute of Neurosciences, Laboratory of Psychobiology and Psychopharmacology, Rome, Italy.
  10. ^ a b Paul Vallely, How Islamic Inventors Changed the World, The Independent, Mar 11, 2006.
  11. ^ 1000 Years of Knowledge Rediscovered at Ibn Battuta Mall, MTE Studios.
  12. ^ Solomon Gandz (1936), The sources of al-Khwarizmi's algebra, Osiris I, p. 263–277:

    "In a sense, Khwarizmi is more entitled to be called "the father of algebra" than Diophantus because Khwarizmi is the first to teach algebra in an elementary form and for its own sake, Diophantus is primarily concerned with the theory of numbers." A simile is a comparison of two unlike things, typically marked by use of like, as or than. Examples may include the snow was as thick as a blanket, or she was as smart as a crow. // Similes are widely used in literature, both modern and ancient. ... The University of Turku (Finnish Turun yliopisto, Swedish Ã…bo universitet), located in Turku in southwestern Finland, is the second largest university in the country as measured by student enrolment. ... The Independent is a British compact newspaper published by Tony OReillys Independent News & Media. ...

  13. ^ Serish Nanisetti, Father of algorithms and algebra, The Hindu, June 23, 2006.
  14. ^ Martin Levey (1973), Early Arabic Pharmacology, EJ Brill, Leiden.
    Dunlop, D.M. (1975), Arab Civilization, Librairie du Liban.
    (cf. Womens Arabian Perfume)
  15. ^ Archimedes Home Page
  16. ^ n a somewhat extreme statement, 'philosophers of science were still working largely within the confines of the methodological problems discussed by Aristotle and his commentators.'"
  17. ^ http://www.infoage.org/p-72Armstrong.html
  18. ^ Jordan, David Starr (1905). A Guide to the Study of Fishes. Henry Holt and Company. , online at [2], p.390: "Far greater than either of these... was he who has been justly called the Father of Ichthyology, Petrus (Peter) Artedi (1705–35)."
  19. ^ Ruwan Rajapakse. Is Father of Arithmetic is a Sri Lankan?
  20. ^ Bruner, Jeffrey. Atanasoff, father of the computer, dies at 91. Rebuilding the ABC. Ames Laboratory. Retrieved on 2006-07-28.
  21. ^ Campbell, Randolph B. (2004). Gone to Texas: A History of the Lone Star State. Oxford University Press US. ISBN 0-19-513843-0. , p.163: "Stephen F. Austin – the 'Father of Texas' – died of pneumonia at the age of forty-three..."
  22. ^ Steil, Tim (2000). Route 66. MBI Publishing Company. ISBN 0-7603-0747-4. , p. 18, "Avery, though dubbed the 'Father of Route 66' by some, was a political appointee who also left office the next year."
  23. ^ Seyyed Hossein Nasr, "Islamic Conception Of Intellectual Life", in Philip P. Wiener (ed.), Dictionary of the History of Ideas, Vol. 2, p. 65, Charles Scribner's Sons, New York, 1973-1974.
  24. ^ Lee, J.A.N. (1995). International Biographical Dictionary of Computer Pioneers. Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn. ISBN 1-884964-47-8. 
  25. ^ Masters, Anthony (1974). Bakunin, the Father of Anarchism. Saturday Review Press. ISBN 0-8415-0295-1. 
  26. ^ Mason, Terri: "Trail Blazers - Earl Bascom, Rodeo's Greatest Innovator", Canadian Cowboy Country, April 2006, p.24
  27. ^ Durand, V. Mark, Jim; David H Barlow (2005). Essentials of Abnormal Psychology. Thomson Wadsworth. ISBN 0-495-03128-3. , p. 235: "In developing ways to do this, Beck became the father of cognitive therapy, one of the most important developments in psychotherapy in the last 50 years."
  28. ^ http://www.stxlacrosse.com/theculture/history.cfm
  29. ^ http://www.hickoksports.com/history/lacrosse.shtml
  30. ^ http://www.collegesportsscholarships.com/history-lacrosse.htm
  31. ^ http://www.schoolnet.ca/aboriginal/handbook/arts_lacrosse.html
  32. ^ http://www.phantomranch.net/folkdanc/teachers/beliajus_v.htm
  33. ^ Van Meggelen, Jim; Jared Smith, Leif Madsen (2005). Asterisk: The Future of Telephony. O'Reilly. ISBN 0-596-00962-3. , p.190: "Although Alexander Graham Bell is most famously remembered as the father of the telephone, the reality is that during the latter half of the 1800s dozens of minds were at work on the project of carrying voice over telegraph lines."
  34. ^ Chomsky, Noam; C. P. Otero (2004). Language and Politics. AK Press. ISBN 1-902593-82-0. , p. 344–5: "...an explicit ideology was constructed justifying what was called... 'the engineering of consent' (Edward Bernays, founding father of the public relations industry in the United States)"
  35. ^ http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2005/01/28/nweb228.xml
  36. ^ García-Leduc, José (2007-03-12). Ramón Emeterio Betances: Renovación historiográfica en los albores del centenario de su fallecimiento. Betances en su segunda patria. Retrieved on 2007-03-26. “Estrade estimula a los puertorriqueños en los albores del primer centenario de su muerte al encuentro con Betances como el padre de la patria puertorriqueña. (One of several such quotes)”
  37. ^ Carlson, Chris (2007-01-25). Elite Democracy: When Washington Reigned Supreme in Venezuela. The History of Democracy Prevention in Venezuela. Venezuelanalysis.com. Retrieved on 2007-03-07. “Bentancourt, known in Venezuela as the "father of Venezuelan democracy," ...”
  38. ^ Bhaskara, Incredible People.
  39. ^ Edward Manning BIGELOW, biography from Bigelow Society, Retrieved on 8 May 2007
  40. ^ (2004) "Luke Pryor Blackburn)", in Lowell H. Harrison: Kentucky's Governors. Lexington, Kentucky: The University Press of Kentucky. ISBN 0813123267. 
  41. ^ Koster, Rick (2002). Louisiana Music: A Journey from R&B to Zydeco, Jazz to Country, Blues to Gospel, Cajun Music. Da Capo Press. ISBN 0-306-81003-4. , p. 5: "Anyone seriously interested in the history of music will hear many times that Buddy Bolden was the father of jazz, or that Jelly Roll Morton claimed he was the father of jazz (in 1902, in fact)..." See also Theodore August Metz, Jelly Roll Morton
  42. ^ The Lazzaroni: science and scientists in mid nineteenth-century America
  43. ^ Bradley, William O. (1916). Stories and speeches of William O. Bradley, biographical sketch by M.H. Thatcher, Lexington, Kentucky: Transylvania Printing Company. 
    Reference is in the biographical sketch, not authored by Bradley
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  49. ^ Hall, James W.; H. Gustav Mueller (1998). Audiologists Desk Reference: Audiolologic Management, Rehabilitation and Terminology. Thomson Delmar Learning. ISBN 1-56593-711-2. , p. 912: "Carhart notch: A decrease in the bone-conduction hearing at the 2000 Hz region of patients with otosclerosis first reported by and therefore named after the father of audiology, Raymond Carhart."
  50. ^ http://www.ibiblio.org/pioneers/cerf.html
  51. ^ http://www.isoc.org/isoc/general/trustees/cerf.shtml
  52. ^ "Henry Chadwick, Chad, The Father of Base Ball [sic]"; National Baseball Hall of Fame bio,[4]. Not a player, but a journalist and organizer, the Hall of Fame credits him as "inventor of the box score" and "author of the first rule-book."
  53. ^ 'Spalding's Baseball Guide and Official League Book for 1889, ed. Henry Chadwick, available at Project Gutenberg.: "Henry Chadwick, the veteran journalist, upon whom the honored sobriquet of 'Father of Base Ball[sic]' rests so happily and well, appears in portraiture, and so well preserved in his physical manhood that his sixty-three years rest lightly upon his well timed life."
  54. ^ "Matty" at Harvard; The New York Times, February 16, 1909, p. 7: "Charles H. Ebbets, Chairman of the Chadwick Monument Committee, has announced that the contract has been awarded for a suitable monument to be placed on the plot in Greenwood[sic] Cemetery where the remains of the late Henry Chadwick, 'the Father of Baseball,' repose."
  55. ^ Collins, Glen (2004): "Ground as Hallowed as Cooperstown," The New York Times, April 1, 2004. (Article on baseball notables interred in the Green-Wood Cemetery in Brooklyn) "Among the nearly 600,000 people buried there are no less than four pioneers who were accorded the title 'Father of Baseball' in the popular press: Henry Chadwick, Duncan Curry, William Tucker and William Wheaton....The memorial for Henry Chadwick bears a 'Father of Base Ball' inscription.... [Duncan] Curry, first president of the Knickerbocker Baseball Club, is immortalized with a monument that proudly dubs him 'Father of Baseball' because he headed the club that scholars say first codified many of the game's rules...."
  56. ^ http://www.egyptology.com/kmt/winter95_96/giants.html
  57. ^ Nirupama Laroia, M.D. and Deeksha Sharma (June 2006). "The Religious and Cultural Bases for Breastfeeding Practices Among the Hindus", Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. 1 (2), p. 94-98.
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  60. ^ Fox, Margalit (1998-12-05). A Changed Noam Chomsky Simplifies. New York Times. Retrieved on 2007-03-24. “… Noam Chomsky, father of modern linguistics and the field's most influential practitioner; …”
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  64. ^ Auguste Comte, Britannica Student Encyclopedia. Accessed October 5, 2006.
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  67. ^ Barger, M. Susan; William B. White (2000). The Daguerreotype: Nineteenth-Century Technology and Modern Science. Johns Hopkins University Press. ISBN 0-8018-6458-5.  p. 20, "Louis Jacques Monde Daguerre: The second father of photography is Daguerre..."
  68. ^ The Technology Trailblazer: Vinod Dham. University of Cincinnati.
  69. ^ Priya Ganapati at Techfest 99, IIT Bombay. Rediff.com.
  70. ^ Boyer, Carl B. (1991). "The Arabic Hegemony", A History of Mathematics, Second Edition, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 228. ISBN 0471543977. “Diophantus sometimes is called "the father of algebra," but this title more appropriately belongs to al-Khwarizmi. It is true that in two respects the work of al-Khwarizmi represented a retrogression from that of Diophantus. First, it is on a far more elementary level than that found in in the Diophantine problems and, second, the algebra of al-Khwarizmi is thoroughly rhetorical, with none of the syncopation found in the Greek Arithmetica or in Brahmagupta's work. Even numbers were written out in words rather than symbols! It is quite unlikely that al-Khwarizmi knew of the work of Diophantus, but he must have been familiar with at least the astronomical and computational portions of Brahmagupta; yet neither al-Khwarizmi nor other Arabic scholars made use of syncopation or of negative numbers.” 
  71. ^ Derbyshire, John (2006). "The Father of Algebra", Unknown Quantity: A Real And Imaginary History of Algebra. Joseph Henry Press, 31. ISBN 030909657X. “Diophantus, the father of algebra, in whose honor I have named this chapter, lived in Alexandria, in Roman Egypt, in either the 1st, the 2nd, or the 3rd century CE.” 
  72. ^ De Forest, Lee (1950). Father of Radio: The Autobiography of Lee de Forest. Chicago: Wilcox & Follett.  (This book sold fewer than a thousand copies and is accordingly rare and expensive today).
  73. ^ Dennis, Everette E..; Edward Pease (1994). Radio—The Forgotten Medium. Transaction Publishers. ISBN 1-56593-873-9. , p. 198: "the egotistical Lee De Forest who discovered, however unwittingly, the audion tube that allowed him to proclaim himself 'the father of radio'"
  74. ^ Shurkin, Joseph (1996). Engines of the Mind: The Evolution of the Computer from the Mainframes to Microprocessors. W. W. Norton and Company. ISBN 0-393-31471-5. , p. 132: "De Forest, who was not a modest man, called himself the 'Father of Radio,' an epithet whose accuracy is debatable."
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  83. ^ [11]. "that van Eyck—"the father of oil painting"—exploited the new medium and his own patient talent to paint Arnolfini by traditional methods."
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  85. ^ de Vaux, Jean Claude. The Pierre Fauchard Academy (English). Retrieved on 2006/7/22, 2006. Retrieved on July 22, 2006.
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  103. ^ Schonberg, Harold C. (1997). The Lives of the Great Composers by Schonberg, Harold C. W. W. Norton. ISBN 0-393-03857-2.  p.83: "It is not for nothing that he is called the Father of the Symphony. With equal justice he could be called the Father of the String Quartet, or the Father of Sonata Form."
  104. ^ ''The Pianoforte Sonata: Its Origin and Development," by J. S. Shedlock, B. A." (1895; Methuen and Company, London), available at Project Gutenberg. "Haydn, for example, is called the father of the quartet; close investigation, however, would show that he was only a link, and certainly not the first one in a long evolution."
  105. ^ Cicero, De legibus I,5.
  106. ^ Binyamin Ze-ev (Theodor) Herzl - Father of Zionism
  107. ^ Pareles, Jon (1983): "Earl Hines Dead; Top Jazz Pianist—Redefined the Style in the 1920s Working with Armstrong—Later Led Major Band", The New York Times, April 23, 1983, p.10: "Earl (Fatha) Hines, the father of modern jazz piano, died yesterday in Oakland, Calif. after a heart attack."
  108. ^ Dalvi, Dinanath Atmaran (1879): Aryan Trigonometry. The Theosophist, H. P. Blavatsky, editor, 1(1), October, 1879, Theosophical University Press Online Edition [16]: "Western mathematicians call Hipparchus, the Nicaean, the father of trigonometry, although they confessedly know nothing whatever about him beyond what they find in the works of his disciple Ptolemy. But Hipparchus is assigned to the 2nd century B. C., and we have the best reason in the world for knowing that trigonometry was known to the ancient Hindus, like many another science claimed by ignorant Western writers for Egypt, Greece, or Rome. These pretended authorities suggest that Hipparchus "probably employed mechanical contrivances for the construction of solid angles" (Art. Mathematics, New Am. Cyc. XI., 283)..."
  109. ^ Hippocrates, Microsoft® Encarta® Online Encyclopedia 2006. Microsoft Corporation.
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  111. ^ G. Evelyn Hutchinson a.k.a. Father of modern limnology and the modern Darwin (1903–1991)
  112. ^ University of Edinburgh: "James Hutton, who was born in June 1726, is considered to be the father of modern geology."
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  120. ^ S. Ahmed (1999). A Dictionary of Muslim Names. C. Hurst & Co. Publishers. ISBN 1850653569.
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  125. ^ Hicken, J.O. Ed. "Raymond Roundup 1902-1967". Lethbridge, Alberta Canada: The Lethbridge Herald Company, Ltd., 1967. pages 243 and 519.
  126. ^ Father of fitness, Jack La Lanne, turns 90, MSNBC, September 24, 2004. "He continues to live by his motto, 'I can't die, it would ruin my image!'"
  127. ^ http://www.timelineindex.com/content/view/1151
  128. ^ Heath (ed)., Robert L. (2004). Handbook Of Public Relations. Sage Publications, Inc.. ISBN 1-4129-0954-6. , p. 391: "Ivy Lee, considered the father of public relations..."
  129. ^ bbc.co.uk "As well as being the father of microbiology, van Leeuwenhoek laid the foundations of plant anatomy and became an expert on animal reproduction."
  130. ^ Soviet Russia. The Corner of the World. Retrieved on 2007-03-03.
  131. ^ Black, Rebecca. The Support of Breastfeeding: Module 1. Jones and Bartlett Publishers. ISBN 0-7637-0208-0. , p.9: "Justus Von Liebig, the 'father of modern nutrition', developed the perfect infant food. It consisted of wheat flour, cow's milk, malt flour and bicarbonate of potash."
  132. ^ Mayr, Ernst (1982). The Growth of Biological Thought:Diversity, Evolution, and Inheritance. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press. ISBN 0-674-36445-7. , p. 171: "No other naturalist has had as great a fame in his own lifetime as Carl Linnaeus (1707–1778), sometimes called the 'father of taxonomy.'"
  133. ^ Roberts, Adam (2006). The History of Science Fiction. Palgrave Macmillan. ISBN 0-333-97022-5. , p. 27: "The classical author most consistently cited as a 'father of science fiction' is Lucian..."
  134. ^ Losch, Richard R. (2002). The Many Faces of Faith: A Guide to World Religions and Christian Traditions. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. ISBN 0-8028-0521-3. , p. 93: "Martin Luther (1483–1546) is generally identified as the father of Protestantism. While he was not the first to confront the authority of the Roman Catholic Church, it was he who crystallized the growing unrest and began what is known as the Protestant Reformation."
  135. ^ Oursler, Fulton; Will Oursler (1949). Father Flanagan of Boys Town. Doubleday. , p.270: "It delighted the heart of our old friend Bernarr Macfadden, 'the Father of Physical Culture,' when we told him how much athletic activity and good sportsmanship had to do with the rehabilitation of boys."
  136. ^ George Gheverghese Joseph (2000). The Crest of the Peacock, p. 293. Princeton University Press.
  137. ^ O'Connor, John J; Edmund F. Robertson "Madhava of Sangamagramma". MacTutor History of Mathematics archive.  
  138. ^ See, e.g., Brant, Irving. James Madison: Father of the Constitution, 1787-1800. Indianapolis: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, Inc., 1950.
  139. ^ Harry Markowitz, "the father of Modern Portfolio Theory," To Highlight Investment Consultants Conference
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  142. ^ Nirenberg: History Section: Gregor Mendel: The Father of Modern Genetics
  143. ^ Chemistry Contexts. by Irwin, D; Farrelly, R; Garnett, P. Longman Sciences, (2001)
  144. ^ Lewis, Charles Lee, associate professor of the United States Naval Academy: Pathfinder of the Seas (book).
  145. ^ "Theatrical Notes," The New York Times, April 26, 1932, p.25: "Theodore August Metz, who is often called the father of jazz and is the composer of the song 'There'll Be A Hot Time in the Old Town Tonight,' is scheduled to attend a reception backstage at Loew's State Theatre...'" See also Buddy Bolden, Jelly Roll Morton.
  146. ^ Country Music Hall of Fame article on Monroe.
  147. ^ http://www.ccontrols.com/pdf/Extv4n2.pdf
  148. ^ Rare Books: Ben A. & Sylvia S. Smith American Geography & Social Studies Education Collection
  149. ^ The First Gazetteer http://www.earlyamerica.com/earlyamerica/firsts/gazetteer/
  150. ^ Groppa, Carlos C. (2002). The Tango in the United States: A History. McFarland and Compay. ISBN 0-7864-1406-5. , p.62: "Morton, a pool shark, composer, piano player and part-time pimp, called by many the Father of Jazz...". See also Buddy Bolden, Theodore August Metz.
  151. ^ Biography of Robert Napier
  152. ^ The Thomas Nast Society
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  169. ^ Jeffries, John (2001). Justice Lewis F. Powell, Jr. Fordham Univ Press. ISBN 0-8232-2110-5. , p.162: "'Admiral Rickover', said Powell, '"father of the atomic submarine", is a a great naval officer... It is not equally clear that he is a careful and thorough student of American education.'"
  170. ^ "Submarine Range Called Unlimited; Rickover Says Atomic Craft Can Cruise Under Ice To North Pole and Beyond," The New York Times, December 6, 1957, p.33: "The admiral, who is often called the 'Father of the Atomic Submarine'..."
  171. ^ Galantin, I. J. (1997). Submarine Admiral: From Battlewagons to Ballistic Missiles. University of Illinois Press. ISBN 0-252-06675-8. , p. 217: "Chet Holifield... member of the JCAE... said 'Of all the men I dealt with in public service, at least one will go down in history: Admiral Hyman G. Rickover, the father of the nuclear Navy.'"
  172. ^ "Charles S. Roberts: The Founding Father"
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  174. ^ http://www.amazon.com/Father-Country-Music-Jimmie-Rodgers/dp/B000000X1C
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  178. ^ Andrei Sakharov: Soviet Physics, Nuclear Weapons, and Human Rights. Center for the History of Physics. American Institute of Physics. Retrieved on 2007-03-03.
  179. ^ Santelli bio including several references backing up the statement, including a quote from Dr. William Gaugler Dec. 1997: "I am, in fact, only two generations removed from the 'father of modern sabre' [referring to Santelli]".
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