People's Republic of China

This article is part of the series: Politics and government of the People's Republic of China Image File history File links National_emblem_of_the_People's_Republic_of_China. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Government of the Peoples Republic of China. ...

Constitution Past constitutions: 1954 1975 1978

Guiding Political Ideologies Mao Zedong: Mao Zedong Thought Deng Xiaoping: Deng Xiaoping Theory Jiang Zemin: Three Represents Hu Jintao: Harmonious society The 1954 Constitution of the Peoples Republic of China was promulgated by the National Peoples Congress meeting in Beijing on September 20, 1954, apparently unanimously in favour. ... The 1975 Constitution of the Peoples Republic of China was promulgated in the midst of the unrest of the Cultural Revolution. ... The 1978 Constitution of the Peoples Republic of China was promulgated in 1978. ... “Mao” redirects here. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... Deng Xiaoping   (Simplified Chinese: ; Traditional Chinese: ; Pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Teng Hsiao-ping; August 22, 1904 – February 19, 1997) was a prominent Chinese politician and reformer, and the late leader of the Communist Party of China (CCP). ... Deng Xiaoping Theory (邓小平理论) is the series of political and economic ideologies first developed by Chinese leader Deng Xiaoping. ... Jiāng Zémín (Traditional Chinese: 江澤民, Simplified Chinese: 江泽民, Hanyu Pinyin: Jiāng Zémín, Wade-Giles: Chiang Tse-min, Cantonese (Jyutping): gong1 zaak6 man4) (born August 17, 1926) was the core of the third generation of Communist Party of China leaders, serving as General Secretary of the Communist... The Three Represents (Simplified Chinese: 三个代表; Traditional Chinese: 三個代表; pinyin: sān gè dài biÇŽo) is a policy developed by Jiang Zemin for the Communist Party of China. ... This is a Chinese name; the family name is Hu Hu Jintao (Simplified Chinese: ; Traditional Chinese: ; Pinyin: ; born December 21, 1942) is currently the Paramount Leader of the Peoples Republic of China, holding the titles of General Secretary of the Communist Party of China since 2002, President of the... Harmonius Society (和谐社会) is a concept raised by the Chinese government (Hu-Wen Administration) during the 10th Annual meeting of the Chinese National Peoples Congress in March of 2005. ...

President: Hu Jintao National People's Congress    Standing Committee

Premier: Wen Jiabao State Council People's Liberation Army Central Military Commission

Law of the PRC Supreme People's Court Supreme People's Procuratorate

Political Parties CPPCC Communist Party of China    Constitution    General Secretary    National Congress    Central Committee    Secretariat    Politburo       Standing Committee

Elections    Political divisions    Human rights    Foreign relations    Foreign aid

See also    Politics of Hong Kong    Politics of Macau    Politics of the Republic of China

Other countries · Atlas  Politics Portal view • talk • edit

The People's Republic of China (PRC) is formally a multi-party state under the leadership of the Communist Party of China in the popular front model similar to the former Communist-era Eastern European countries such as the National Front of Democratic Germany ^{[citation needed]}. The dominance over the political system is such that China is effectively a single-party state ^{[citation needed]}. The President of the Peoples Republic of China (Simplified Chinese: 中华人民共和国主席; Pinyin: Zhōnghuá Rénmín Gònghéguó ZhÇ”xí, or abbreviated Guójiā ZhÇ”xí 国家主席) is the head of state of the Peoples Republic of China. ... This is a Chinese name; the family name is Hu Hu Jintao (Simplified Chinese: ; Traditional Chinese: ; Pinyin: ; born December 21, 1942) is currently the Paramount Leader of the Peoples Republic of China, holding the titles of General Secretary of the Communist Party of China since 2002, President of the... The Great Hall of the People, where the NPC convenes The National Peoples Congress (全国人民代表大会 in Pinyin: Quánguó Rénmín Dàibiǎo Dàhuì, literally Pan-Nation Congress of the Peoples Representatives), abbreviated PNCOTPR, is the highest... The Standing Committee of the National Peoples Congress (NPCSC; Chinese: 全国人民代表大会常务委员会, pinyin: Quánguó Rénmín DàibiÇŽo Dàhuì Chángwù WÄ›iyuánhuì) is a committee of about 150 members of the National Peoples Congress (NPC) of the Peoples Republic of China (PRC), which... The Premier ( Chinese: 总理 pinyin: zŏnglĭ), sometimes referred to as the Prime Minister, is the Chairman of the State Council of the Peoples Republic of China and head of Central Peoples Government. ... Wen Jiabao (Simplified Chinese: ; Traditional Chinese: ; Pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Wen Chia-pao) (born September 1942) is the Premier of the State Council of the Peoples Republic of China. ... The State Council (国务院, pinyin: Guówùyuàn), which is largely synonymous with the Central Peoples Government (中央人民政府), is the chief administrative authority of the Peoples Republic of China. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... The Central Military Commission (Simplified Chinese: ; pinyin: ) refers to one of two bodies within the Peoples Republic of China, either to the Central Military Commission of the Peoples Republic of China, a state organ, or the Central Military Commission of the Communist Party, a party organ. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... The Supreme Peoples Court (最高人民法院; pinyin: Zuìgāo Rénmín FÇŽyuàn) is the highest court in the judicial system of the Peoples Republic of China. ... Supreme Peoples Procuratorate (simplified Chinese: 最高人民检察院; pinyin: Zuìgāo Rénmín FÇŽyuàn Jiānchá Yùan) is the highest agency at the national level responsible for prosecution in the Peoples Republic of China. ... The Chinese Peoples Political Consultative Conference (中国人民政治协商会议 Pinyin: Zhongguo renmin zhengzhi xieshang huiyi), abbreviated CPPCC, is an advisory body in the Peoples Republic of China. ... The Communist Party of China (CPC) (Simplified Chinese: ; Traditional Chinese: ; Pinyin: ), also known as the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), is the ruling political party of the Peoples Republic of China, a position guaranteed by the countrys constitution. ... The General Secretary of the Communist Party of China Central Committee (Chinese: 中国共产党中央委员会总书记 pinyin: Zhōngguó GòngchÇŽndÇŽng Zhōngyāng WÄ›iyuánhuì ZÇ’ngshÅ«jì) is the highest ranking official within the Communist Party of China and heads the Secretariat of the Communist Party of China. ... The National Congress of the Communist Party of China (Simplified Chinese: ; Pinyin: ) is a party congress that is held about once every five years. ... The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (Chinese: 中国共产党中央委员会; pinyin: Zhōngguó GòngchÇŽndÇŽng Zhōngyāng WÄ›iyuánhuì) is the highest authority within the Communist Party of China between Party Congresses. ... The Secretariat of the Communist Party of China Central Committee (Chinese: 中国共产党中央委员会书记处 pinyin: Zhōngguó GòngchÇŽndÇŽng Zhōngyāng WÄ›iyuánhuì ShÅ«jìchù) is the permanent bureaucracy of the Communist Party of China and forms a parallel structure to state organizations in the Peoples Republic... The Politburo of the Communist Party of China ( Chinese: 中国共产党中央政治局 pinyin: Zhōngguó Gòngchǎndǎng Zhōngyāng Zhèngzhìjú) is a group of 19 to 25 people who oversee the Communist Party... The Politburo Standing Committee of the Communist Party of China (Chinese: 中国共产党中央政治局常务委员会 pinyin: Zhōngguó GòngchÇŽndÇŽng Zhōngyāng Zhèngzhìjú Chángwù WÄ›iyuánhuì) is a committee whose membership varies between 5 and 9 and includes the top leadership of the Communist Party of China. ... Elections in the Peoples Republic of China take two forms: elections for selected local government positions in selected rural villages, and elections by Communist Party peoples congresses for the national legislature: the National Peoples Congress (Quanguo Renmin Daibiao Dahui). ... Due to Chinas large population and area, the political divisions of China have always consisted of several levels since ancient times. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... The foreign relations of the Peoples Republic of China draws upon traditions extending back to China in the Qing Dynasty and the Opium Wars, despite China having undergone many radical upheavals over the past two and a half centuries. ... Foreign aid to the Peoples Republic of China takes the form of both bilateral and multilateral official development assistance and official aid to individual recipients. ... Other Hong Kong topics Culture - Economy Education - Geography - History Hong Kong Portal Politics of Hong Kong takes place in a framework of a political system dominated by China, an own legislature, the Chief Executive as the head of government, and of a pluriform multi-party system. ... In accordance with Article 31 of the Constitution of the Peoples Republic of China, Macau has Special Administrative Region status, which provides constitutional guarantees for implementing the policy of one country, two systems and the constitutional basis for enacting the Basic Law of the Macau Special Administrative Region. ... The Republic of China (ROC) currently has jurisdiction over Taiwan, Kinmen, Matsu, and the Pescadores Islands (Penghu) and several smaller islands. ... Information on politics by country is available for every country, including both de jure and de facto independent states, inhabited dependent territories, as well as areas of special sovereignty. ... The Communist Party of China (CPC) (Simplified Chinese: ; Traditional Chinese: ; Pinyin: ), also known as the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), is the ruling political party of the Peoples Republic of China, a position guaranteed by the countrys constitution. ... A popular front is a broad coalition of different political groupings, often made up of leftists and centrists who are united by opposition to another group (most often fascist or far-right groups). ... The National Front was a united front of political parties and mass organisations in East Germany. ... States in which the constitution mandates power to a sole party are colored brown. ...

This means that only one political party, the Communist Party of China, holds effective power at the national level. Eight minor parties also participate in the political system under the leadership of the dominant party. The PRC political system does allow for the participation of some non-party members and minor parties within the National People's Congress (NPC), but participants while not being party members themselves are vetted by the CCP ^{[citation needed]}. The Communist Party of China (CPC) (Simplified Chinese: ; Traditional Chinese: ; Pinyin: ), also known as the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), is the ruling political party of the Peoples Republic of China, a position guaranteed by the countrys constitution. ... The Great Hall of the People, where the NPC convenes The National Peoples Congress (全国人民代表大会 in Pinyin: Quánguó Rénmín Dàibiǎo Dàhuì, literally Pan-Nation Congress of the Peoples Representatives), abbreviated PNCOTPR, is the highest...

Although opposition parties are not formally banned in Mainland China, the CCP maintains control over the political system in several ways ^{[citation needed]}.

Firstly, the PRC political system is composed of a series of indirect elections in which one people's congress appoints the members of the next higher congress, and in which only the lowest people's congresses are subject to direct popular vote. This means that although independent members can theoretically, and occasionally in practice, get elected to the lowest level of congress, it is impossible for them to organize to the point where they can elect members to the next higher people's congress without the approval of the CCP or to exercise oversight over executive positions at the lowest level in the hierarchy. This lack of effective power also discourages outsiders from contesting the people's congress elections even at the lowest level ^{[citation needed]}.

Second, although PRC law has no formal provision for banning a non-religious organization, it also has no provision which would give non-CCP political parties any corporate status ^{[citation needed]}. This means that a hypothetical opposition party would have no legal means to collect funds or own property in the name of the party. More importantly, PRC law also has a wide range of offenses which can and have been used against the leaders of efforts to form an opposition party such as the China Democracy Party as well as members of organizations which the CCP sees as threatening to its power ^{[citation needed]}. These include the crimes of subversion, sedition, and releasing state secrets. Moreover, the control that the Party has over the legislative and judicial processes means that the Party can author legislation that targets a particular group ^{[citation needed]}. China Democracy Party (Simplified Chinese: 中国民主党; Traditional Chinese: 中國民主黨; Hanyu Pinyin: ) is a banned political party in the Peoples Republic of China. ... Look up subversion in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Sedition is a term of law which refers to covert conduct, such as speech and organization, that is deemed by the legal authority as tending toward insurrection against the established order. ... Classified information is information to which access is restricted by law or corporate rules to particular hierarchical classes of people. ...

In the Special Administrative Regions of Hong Kong and Macau multi-party systems exist, remaining from before their transfer from European colonial territories to integration into the PRC ^{[citation needed]}. Currently in effect is a one country, two systems plan by which both SAR's have multiple active political parties including opposition parties. A Special Administrative Region (SAR) of the Peoples Republic of China is an administrative division of the Peoples Republic of China (PRC). ... One country, two systems (Simplified Chinese: 一国两制; Traditional Chinese: 一國兩制; pinyin: yì; guó liǎng zhì; Jyutping: jat1 gwok3 loeng5 zai3; Yale: yāt gwok leúhng jai), is an idea originally proposed by Deng Xiaoping, then Paramount Leader of the Peoples Republic of China (PRC), for the unification of China. ...

The parties

• Communist Party of China (Zhongguo Gongchan Dang) More than 70 million members,

• The Eight registered minor parties under CCP's direction:
  • Revolutionary Committee of the Kuomintang (Zhongguo Guomindang Geming Weiyuanhui). Formed by leftist members of the Kuomintang who did not escape to Taiwan. 53,000 members. It is considered "second" in status to the Communist Party of China. Thus it has 30% of the seats in the People's Political Consultative Conference.
  • China Democratic League (Zhongguo Minzhu Tongmeng). Originally a league of pro-democracy parties. Formed by 144,000 members, mainly middle-level and senior intellectuals.
  • China Democratic National Construction Association (Zhongguo Minzhu Jianguo Hui). Entrepreneurs from the manufacturing, financial or commercial industries, in both private and state sectors.
  • China Association for Promoting Democracy (Zhongguo Minzhu Cujin Hui)
  • Chinese Peasants' and Workers' Democratic Party (Zhongguo Nonggong Minzhu Dang). Most of its 65,000 members work in the fields of public health, culture and education, science and technology.
  • China Zhi Gong Party (Zhongguo Zhi Gong Dang). Returned overseas Chinese, relatives of overseas Chinese, and noted figures and scholars who have overseas ties.
  • September 3 Society (Jiu San Xueshe). Most of its 68,000 members are high- and medium level intellectuals in the fields of science, technology, education, culture and medicine.
  • Taiwan Democratic Self-Government League (Taiwan Minzhu Zizhi Tongmeng). 1,600 people, most of whom are prominent people that are from Taiwan or are of Taiwanese heritage, but now reside on the Mainland.

The Communist Party of China (CPC) (Simplified Chinese: ; Traditional Chinese: ; Pinyin: ), also known as the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), is the ruling political party of the Peoples Republic of China, a position guaranteed by the countrys constitution. ... The Revolutionary Committee of the Chinese Kuomintang (Traditional Chinese: 中國國民黨革命委員會Simplified Chinese: 中国国民党革命委员会 Pinyin: Zhōngguó Guómíndǎng Gémìngwěiyuánhuì) is one of eight registered minor political parties (in addition to the Communist Party of China) in the Peoples Republic of China. ... The Kuomintang of China (abbreviation KMT) (Traditional Chinese: ; Simplified Chinese: ; Hanyu Pinyin: ; Tongyong Pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Chung1-kuo2 Kuo2-min2-tang3) [1], also often translated as the Chinese Nationalist Party, is a political party in the Republic of China, now on Taiwan, and is currently the largest political party in... The China Democratic League is one of eight legally-recognised political parties in the Peoples Republic of China. ... The China Democratic National Construction Association (Zhongguo Minzhu Jianguo Hui) is one of the eight legally-recognised political parties in the Peoples Republic of China that follow the direction of the Communist Party of China and are member of the Chinese Peoples Political Consultative Conference. ... The China Association for Promoting Democracy (Zhongguo Minzhu Cujin Hui) is one of the eight legally-recognised political parties in the Peoples Republic of China that follow the direction of the Communist Party of China and are member of the Chinese Peoples Political Consultative Conference. ... The Chinese Peasants and Workers Democratic Party (Zhongguo Nonggong Minzhu Dang) is one of the eight legally-recognised political parties in the Peoples Republic of China that follow the direction of the Communist Party of China and are member of the Chinese Peoples Political Consultative Conference. ... This article is not written in the formal tone expected of an encyclopedia article. ... The Chinese Peasants and Workers Democratic Party (Zhongguo Nonggong Minzhu Dang) is one of the eight legally-recognised political parties in the Peoples Republic of China that follow the direction of the Communist Party of China and are member of the Chinese Peoples Political Consultative Conference. ... The Taiwan Democratic Self-Government League (Simplified Chinese: 台湾民主自治同盟; Traditional Chinese: 台灣民主自治同盟; Hanyu Pinyin: ) is one of the eight legally-recognised political parties in the Peoples Republic of China that follow the direction of the Communist Party of China and are member of the Chinese Peoples Political Consultative Conference. ...

Underground political parties:

• China Democracy Party, it was founded by participants of the 1978 Chinese Democracy Wall Movement and the 1989 Democracy Movement, and then made illegal in 1998 by the CCP on mainland soil.^[1][2]
• Chinese Pan Blue Association, it was founded in August of 2004. The members consider themselves spiritual members of Kuomintang. Therefore, they are also anti-communist, and believe in the Three Principles of the People.

China Democracy Party (Simplified Chinese: 中国民主党; Traditional Chinese: 中國民主黨; Hanyu Pinyin: ) is a banned political party in the Peoples Republic of China. ... Student flag-waver at the Tiananmen Square protests, May 1989, Tiananmen Square, Beijing. ... The Kuomintang of China (abbreviation KMT) (Traditional Chinese: ; Simplified Chinese: ; Hanyu Pinyin: ; Tongyong Pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Chung1-kuo2 Kuo2-min2-tang3) [1], also often translated as the Chinese Nationalist Party, is a political party in the Republic of China, now on Taiwan, and is currently the largest political party in... Sun Yat-sen, who developed the Three Principles of the People. ...

See also

• Chinese Political Parties
• Index of political parties to browse parties by name
• List of political parties to browse parties by country
• List of political parties by ideology to browse parties by name
• Membership of internationals to browse parties By membership of internationals
• List of political parties in the Republic of China before and after 1949
• List of political parties in Hong Kong
• List of political parties in Macau
• List of political parties

The Chinese political parties include four areas: mainland China, Taiwan, Hong Kong and Macau. ... Welcome to the index of political parties, an alphabetical list of (mainly) present-day political parties listed in the list of political parties. ... Political parties Part of the Politics series Politics Portal This box:      This is a list of political parties around the world in the form of a table including links to the lists of political parties in the countries and entities listed in the list of countries, showing which party system... Political parties Part of the Politics series Politics Portal This box:      This is a list of political parties around the world by ideology. ... Political parties Part of the Politics series Politics Portal This box:      This is a list of political parties around the world by ideology. ... Political parties in Taiwan lists political parties in Taiwan (Republic of China). ... A political party is a political organization subscribing to a certain ideology or formed around very special issues with the aim to participate in power, usually by participating in elections. ... Political parties in Macau lists political parties in Macau. ... Political parties Part of the Politics series Politics Portal This box:      This is a list of political parties around the world in the form of a table including links to the lists of political parties in the countries and entities listed in the list of countries, showing which party system...

References

External links

• List of Democratic Parties - People's Daily
• Profile of Democratic Parties - Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference

v • d • e Political parties in the People's Republic of China
Major party	Communist Party of China
Minor registered parties	Revolutionary Committee of the Kuomintang - China Democratic League - China Democratic National Construction Association - China Association for Promoting Democracy - Chinese Peasants' and Workers' Democratic Party - China Zhi Gong Party - September 3 Society - Taiwan Democratic Self-Government League