This is a list of protosciences. It includes any new area of scientific endeavor in the process of becoming established. It can include speculative sciences. This list includes science fields and science theories presented in accordance with known evidence, and a body of associated predictions have been made according to that theory, but the predictions have not yet been tested. In philosophy of science, a protoscience is any new area of scientific endeavor in the process of becoming established. ...

Some protosciences go on to become an widely accepted part of science, such as plate tectonics which eventually became an accepted scientific model. Other protoscientific theories end up being disproven. If their followers refuse to accept the falsification of their theories, protoscience can then become regarded as pseudoscience. The falsification of the original theory sometimes leads to reformulation of the theory. Phrenology is seen today as a classic example of pseudoscience. ...

Note: idiosyncratic theories, or theories with an extremely small base of followers or peculiar to an individual, are not encyclopedic and should not be included. Pure pseudoscience should not be included either.

List

A to H

• Astrobiology is a speculative field within biology which considers the possibility of, and possible nature of, extraterrestrial life. Also called Exobiology and Xenobiology.
• Biological electronic aesthetic mechanics is a type of analog robotics that uses simple analog circuits instead of a microprocessor.
• Brane cosmology founded in basic geometrical notions, has matter localized on the brane.
• Cryonics is the practice of preserving organisms, or at least their brains, for possible future revival by storing them at cryogenic temperatures where metabolism and decay almost completely stop.
• Evolutionary psychology proposed that human cognition and behavior could be better understood by examining them in light of human evolutionary history.
• Exobiology is a speculative field within biology which considers the possibility of, and possible nature of, extraterrestrial life. Also called Astrobiology and Xenobiology.
• Grand unification theory is a theory in physics that unifies the strong interaction and electroweak interaction.
• General semantics is a theory of sanity based on the notion that, in the modern world, a sane individual (to be completely sane) would have to have, whatever else he had, an outlook derived from science and mathematics at a date.

Astrobiology is an interdisciplinary field, combining aspects of astronomy, biology and geology, which considers the question of whether extraterrestrial life exists and if so, then what are its origin, distribution, and evolution. ... BEAM robotics (acronym for Biology, Electronics, Aesthetics, and Mechanics) is a style of robotics that uses simple analog circuits instead of a microprocessor. ... Brane cosmology is a protoscience based on some of the latest thinking about the nature of reality. ... Branes are objects in M-theory and its offshoot, brane cosmology. ... This bigfoot Dewar flask is custom-designed to contain four wholebody patients and six neuropatients immersed in liquid nitrogen at -196 degrees Celsius. ... Evolutionary psychology (or EP) proposes that human and primate cognition and behavior can be better understood in light of human and primate evolutionary history. ... Astrobiology (in Greek astron = star, bios = life and logos = word/science), also known as exobiology (Greek: exo = out) or xenobiology (Greek: xenos = foreign) is the term for a speculative field within biology which considers the possible variety of extraterrestrial life. ... Grand unification, grand unified theory, or GUT is a theory in physics that unifies the four fundamental forces of nature: gravity, the electromagnetic force, the weak nuclear force, and the strong interaction. ... General Semantics is a school of thought founded by Alfred Korzybski in about 1933 in response to his observations that most people had difficulty defining human and social discussions and problems and could almost never predictably resolve them into elements that were responsive to successful intervention or correction. ...

I to P

• Lexico-statistics examines the number of similar words with similar meanings between languages to determine how closely related they are.
• Memetics is the theory that units of idea called "memes" self-replicate through human interactions.
• Neurotheology, also known as biotheology, analyzes the possibilities of any biological basis for spirituality.
• Onierology is the new branch of science developing around discovering what governs dreams. See Lucid dreaming for more information.
• Parapsychology is the branch of science concerned with the study of mental phenomena, whether actual or purported, that are not currently explainable within the framework of conventional science.
• Sociobiology is the theory that all human behaviours, and especially interpersonal relationships, are genetic and traceable to the biological quests for reproduction and survival, and that violence is a normal behaviour. This protoscience often leads to the pseudoscience of eugenics.

In linguistics, the technique of glottochronology is used to estimate the time of divergence of two related languages. ... Meme, (rhymes with cream and comes from Greek root with the meaning of memory and its derivative mimeme), is the term given to a unit of information that replicates from brains and inanimate stores of information, such as books and computers, to other brains or stores of information. ... An idea (Greek: ιδέα) is a specific thought or concept that arises in the mind of a person as a result of thinking. ... Neurotheology, also known as biotheology, is a relatively new field of scientific study that analyzes the biological basis of spirituality. ... Wikibooks has more about this subject: Lucid Dreaming Lucid dreaming is the act of consciously perceiving and recognizing that one is dreaming while such experience befalls one during sleep, enabling a more cogent (lucid) control over the content and quality of the experience. ... Parapsychology is the study of the evidence involving phenomena where a person seems to affect or to gain information about something through a means not currently explainable within the framework of mainstream, conventional science. ... Sociobiology is a synthesis of scientific disciplines that attempts to explain behaviour in all species by considering the evolutionary advantages of social behaviours. ... Reproduction is the biological process by which new individual organisms are produced. ... Survival may refer to: Survival techniques Survivalism Survival, a Bob Marley reggae album Survival, an episode of Doctor Who Survival, a British wildlife television program This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... Eugenics is the self-direction of human evolution: Logo from the Second International Congress of Eugenics, 1921, depicting it as a tree which unites a variety of different fields. ...

Q to Z

• Quantum gravity is the field of theoretical physics attempting to unify the subjects of quantum mechanics and general relativity.
• String theory is a physical model whose fundamental building blocks are extended objects (strings, membranes and higher-dimensional objects) rather than points.
• Xenobiology is a speculative field within biology which considers the possibility of, and possible nature of, extraterrestrial life. Also called astrobiology and exobiology.

Quantum gravity is the field of theoretical physics attempting to unify the theory of quantum mechanics, which describes three of the fundamental forces of nature, with general relativity, the theory of the fourth fundamental force: gravity. ... String theory is a model of fundamental physics whose building blocks are one-dimensional extended objects (strings) rather than the zero-dimensional points (particles) that are the basis of the Standard Model of particle physics. ... Astrobiology (in Greek astron = star, bios = life and logos = word/science), also known as exobiology (Greek: exo = out) or xenobiology (Greek: xenos = foreign) is the term for a speculative field within biology which considers the possible variety of extraterrestrial life. ...

See also

Related: protosciences, pseudosciences In philosophy of science, a protoscience is any new area of scientific endeavor in the process of becoming established. ... A pseudoscience is any body of knowledge purported to be scientific or supported by science but which fails to comply with the scientific method. ...