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This is a list of important publications in physics, organized by field. The first few hydrogen atom electron orbitals shown as cross-sections with color-coded probability density. ...
Some reasons why a particular publication might be regarded as important:
- Topic creator – A publication that created a new topic
- Breakthrough – A publication that changed scientific knowledge significantly
- Introduction – A publication that is a good introduction or survey of a topic
- Influence – A publication which has significantly influenced the world
- Latest and greatest – The current most advanced result in a topic
Classical mechanics is a branch of physics which studies the deterministic motion of objects. ...
Description: The Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica (Latin: "mathematical principles of natural philosophy", often Principia or Principia Mathematica for short) is a three-volume work by Isaac Newton published on July 5, 1687. Probably the most influential scientific book ever published, it contains the statement of Newton's laws of motion forming the foundation of classical mechanics as well as his law of universal gravitation. He derives Kepler's laws for the motion of the planets (which were first obtained empirically). Newtons own copy of his Principia, with hand written corrections for the second edition. ...
Sir Isaac Newton, FRS (4 January 1643 – 31 March 1727) [OS: 25 December 1642 – 20 March 1727][1] was an English physicist, mathematician, astronomer, alchemist, and natural philosopher who is generally regarded as one of the greatest scientists and mathematicians in history. ...
Latin is an ancient Indo-European language. ...
Sir Isaac Newton, FRS (4 January 1643 – 31 March 1727) [OS: 25 December 1642 – 20 March 1727][1] was an English physicist, mathematician, astronomer, alchemist, and natural philosopher who is generally regarded as one of the greatest scientists and mathematicians in history. ...
July 5 is the 186th day of the year (187th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 179 days remaining. ...
Events March 19 - The men under explorer Robert Cavelier de La Salle murder him while searching for the mouth of the Mississippi River. ...
Newtons Laws of Motion are laws which provide relationships between the forces acting on a body and the motion of the body, first formulated by Isaac Newton. ...
Classical mechanics is a branch of physics which studies the deterministic motion of objects. ...
Gravity is a force of attraction that acts between bodies that have mass. ...
Johannes Keplers primary contributions to astronomy/astrophysics were the three laws of planetary motion. ...
Our solar system: the Sun, the eight planets and the three dwarf planets. ...
In formulating his physical theories, Newton had developed a field of mathematics known as calculus. Calculus is a central branch of mathematics, developed from algebra and geometry. ...
Importance: Topic creator, Breakthrough, Influence
Special relativity (SR) or the special theory of relativity is the physical theory published in 1905 by Albert Einstein. ...
On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies Description: Special relativity, developed in 1905, only considers observers in inertial reference frames which are in uniform motion with respect to each other. Einstein's paper that year was called "On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies". While developing this theory, Einstein wrote to Mileva (his wife) about "our work on relative motion". This paper introduced the special theory of relativity, a theory of time, distance, mass and energy. The theory postulates that the speed of light in vacuum will be the same for these observers. Special relativity solved the puzzle that had been apparent since the Michelson-Morley experiment, which had failed to show that light waves were travelling through any medium (other known waves travelled through media - such as water or air). It had been suggested that light waves actually did not travel through any medium: the speed of light was thus fixed, and not relative to the movement of the observer. This was impossible under Newtonian classical mechanics however, and Einstein provided a new system which allowed for this. Albert Einstein, photographed in 1947 by Oren J. Turner. ...
Annalen der Physik is one of the best-known and oldest (it was founded in 1799) physics journals worldwide. ...
1905 (MCMV) was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ...
In physics, an inertial frame of reference, or inertial frame for short (also descibed as absolute frame of reference), is a frame of reference in which the observers move without the influence of any accelerating or decelerating force. ...
The speed of light in a vacuum is an important physical constant denoted by the letter c for constant or the Latin word celeritas meaning swiftness. In metric units, c is exactly 299,792,458 metres per second (or 1,079,252,848. ...
The Michelson-Morley experiment, one of the most important and famous experiments in the history of physics, was performed in 1887 by Albert Michelson and Edward Morley at what is now Case Western Reserve University, and is considered by some to be the first strong evidence against the theory of...
The luminiferous aether: it was hypothesised that the Earth moves through a medium of aether that carries light In the late 19th century luminiferous aether (light-bearing aether) was the term used to describe a medium for the propagation of light. ...
Importance: Topic creator, Breakthrough, Influence
The Theory of Relativity Description: This pioneering textbook drew together the now well-known developments of H.A.Lorentz, A. Einstein, and H. Minkowski. It uses concepts developed in the then- current textbooks (e.g. Gibbs: Vector Analysis and Bonola: Non-Euclidean Geometry) to provide entry into mathematical physics including a vector-based introduction to quaternions and a primer on matrix notation for linear transformations of 4-vectors. The ten chapters are composed of 4 on kinematics, 3 on quaternion methods, and 3 on electromagnetism. The second edition published in 1924 extended relativity into gravitation theory with tensor methods, but was superseded by Eddington's text. The book has a conversational style and embellished with appropriate footnotes. While the mathematics is generally well adapted to the text, there is an erroneous expression given for the quaternionic representation of Lorentz transformations. The expression should have the form of an inner automorphism but Silberstein inexplicably uses the expression Q[ ]Q , failing to supply one of the Q's with a − 1 exponent. The actual technique in geometric arithmetic comes about with inversive ring geometry applied to biquaternions. Importance: influence Ludwik Silberstein (1872 – 1948) was a Polish-American physicist that helped make special relativity and general relativity staples of university coursework. ...
In abstract algebra, an inner automorphism of a group is a function f : G -> G defined by f(x) = axa-1 for all x in G; where the conjugation is often denoted exponentially by ax. ...
In mathematics, inversive ring geometry is the extension, to the context of associative rings, of the concepts of Projective line, homogeneous coordinates, projective transformations, and Cross-ratio, concepts usually built upon rings that happen to be fields. ...
In mathematics, a biquaternion is a numeric and geometric concept developed by William Kingdon Clifford, William Rowan Hamilton, and Alexander MacAuley in the nineteenth century. ...
General relativity (GR) or general relativity theory (GRT) is the theory of gravitation published by Albert Einstein in 1915. ...
The Foundation of the General Theory of Relativity Importance: Topic creator, Breakthrough, Influence Albert Einstein, photographed in 1947 by Oren J. Turner. ...
Annalen der Physik is one of the best-known and oldest (it was founded in 1799) physics journals worldwide. ...
The Mathematical Theory of Relativity Description: This textbook is a tour-de-force of tensor calculus, developed in Chapter II. By page 83 he has deduced the Schwarzschild metric for the domain of events around an isolated massive particle. By page 92 he has explained the advance of the perihelion of the planets, the deflection of light, and displacement of Fraunhofer lines. Electromagnetism is relegated to Chapter VI (pp. 170-195), and later (p. 223) The bifurcation of geometry and electrodynamics. This text, with its ambitious development of pseudo-Riemannian geometry for gravitational theory, set an austere standard with relativity enthusiasts. Gone is any mention of quaternions or hyperbolic geometry since tensor calculus subsumes them. Thus for learning the mechanics of modern relativity this text still serves, but for motivation and context of the special theory, Silberstein is better. One of Sir Arthur Stanley Eddingtons papers announced Einsteins theory of general relativity to the English-speaking world. ...
It has been suggested that Deriving the Schwarzschild solution be merged into this article or section. ...
Importance: influence
Fig. ...
On the Law of Distribution of Energy in the Normal Spectrum Description: In physics, the intensity spectrum of electromagnetic radiation from a black body at temperature T is given by the Planck's law of black body radiation: Max Planck Max Karl Ernst Ludwig Planck (April 23, 1858 – October 4, 1947) was one of the most important German physicists of the late 19th and early 20th century; he is considered to be the founder of quantum theory. ...
Annalen der Physik is one of the best-known and oldest (it was founded in 1799) physics journals worldwide. ...
The first few hydrogen atom electron orbitals shown as cross-sections with color-coded probability density. ...
Electromagnetic radiation can be conceptualized as a self propagating transverse oscillating wave of electric and magnetic fields. ...
As the temperature decreases, the peak of the black body radiation curve moves to lower intensities and longer wavelengths. ...
 where: - ν is the frequency
- I(ν) is the amount of energy per unit time per unit surface per unit solid angle emitted in the frequency range between ν and ν+δν [W m-2 Hz-1 sr-1];
- h is Planck's constant,:
- c is the speed of light and
- k is Boltzmann's constant.
Max Planck originally produced this law in 1900 (published in 1901) in an attempt to interpolate between the Rayleigh-Jeans law (which worked at long wavelengths) and Wien's law (which worked at short wavelengths). He found that the above function fit the data for all wavelengths remarkably well. A pocket watch, a device used to measure time. ...
An open surface with X-, Y-, and Z-contours shown. ...
A solid angle is the three dimensional analog of the ordinary angle. ...
A commemoration plaque for Max Planck on his discovery of Plancks constant, in front of Humboldt University, Berlin. ...
The speed of light in a vacuum is an important physical constant denoted by the letter c for constant or the Latin word celeritas meaning swiftness. In metric units, c is exactly 299,792,458 metres per second (or 1,079,252,848. ...
The Boltzmann constant (k or kB) is the physical constant relating temperature to energy. ...
Max Planck Max Karl Ernst Ludwig Planck (April 23, 1858 – October 4, 1947) was one of the most important German physicists of the late 19th and early 20th century; he is considered to be the founder of quantum theory. ...
1900 (MCM) was an exceptional common year starting on Monday. ...
1901 (MCMI) was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Wednesday of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ...
In physics, the Rayleigh-Jeans Law, first proposed in the early 20th century, expresses the energy density of blackbody radiation of wavelength λ as where T is the temperature in kelvins, and k is Boltzmanns constant. ...
The wavelength is the distance between repeating units of a wave pattern. ...
Wiens displacement law is a law of physics that states that there is an inverse relationship between the wavelength of the peak of the emission of a black body and its temperature. ...
This paper is considered to be the beginning of quantum theory. Fig. ...
Importance: Topic creator, Breakthrough, Influence
The Principles of Quantum Mechanics by P. A. M. Dirac
Description: Quantum mechanics as explained by one of the founders of the field, Paul Dirac. First edition published on 29 May 1930.
Importance: Introduction, Influence, Historical importance. The second to the last chapter is particulary interesting because of its prediction of the positron.
Table of Contents:
- The Principle of Superposition
- Dynamical Variables and Observables
- Representations
- The Quantum Conditions
- The Equations of Motion
- Elementary Applications
- Perturbation Theory
- Collision Problems
- Systems containing several similar particles
- Theory of Radiation
- Relativistic Theory of the electron
- Quantum Electrodynamics
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An Experimental Enquiry Concerning the Source of the Heat which is Excited by Friction Description: Observations of the generation of heat during the boring of cannons led Rumford to reject the caloric theory and to contend that heat was a form of motion. Benjamin Thompson. ...
An Experimental Enquiry Concerning the Source of the Heat which is Excited by Friction, (1798), Philosophical Transaction of the Royal Society 102 is a scientific paper by Benjamin Thompson, Count Rumford that provided a substantial challenge to established theories of heat and began the 19th century revolution in thermodynamics. ...
The Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, or , is the oldest scientific journal printed in the English-speaking world, and was only three months shy of being the oldest in the world. ...
In physics, heat is defined as energy in transit. ...
Look up boring in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...
A small American Civil War-era cannon on a carriage A caun is any large tubular firearm designed to fire a heavy projectile over a considerable distance. ...
The Caloric theory of heat is an early theory of thermodynamics, developed mostly during the 18th and 19th centuries, which claims that changes in temperature are due to the transfer of was an invisible, weightless fluid called caloric. The theory originally hinged on two key assumptions: 1) heat was a...
Motion involves change in position, such as this perspective of rapidly leaving Yongsan Station In physics, motion means a change in the position of a body relative to a reference point, as measured by a particular observer in a particular frame of reference. ...
Importance: Influence
On the Equilibrium of Heterogeneous Substances - Gibbs, J. Willard (1875-1878). On the Equilibrium of Heterogeneous Substances. Connecticut Acad. Sci.. Reprinted in
- Gibbs, J. Willard (October 1993). The Scientific Papers of J. Willard Gibbs (Vol. 1). Ox Bow Press. ISBN 0-918024-77-3.
- Gibbs, J. Willard (February 1994). The Scientific Papers of J. Willard Gibbs (Vol. 2). Ox Bow Press. ISBN 1-881987-06-X.
Description: Between 1876 and 1878 Gibbs wrote a series of papers collectively entitled "On the Equilibrium of Heterogeneous Substances", considered one of the greatest achievements in physical science in the 19th century and the foundation of the science of physical chemistry. In these papers Gibbs applied thermodynamics to the interpretation of physicochemical phenomena and showed the explanation and interrelationship of what had been known only as isolated, inexplicable facts. Gibbs' papers on heterogeneous equilibria included: Josiah Willard Gibbs (February 11, 1839 – April 28, 1903) was an American mathematical physicist who contributed much of the theoretical foundation that led to the development of chemical thermodynamics and was one of the founders of vector analysis. ...
Josiah Willard Gibbs (February 11, 1839 – April 28, 1903) was an American mathematical physicist who contributed much of the theoretical foundation that led to the development of chemical thermodynamics and was one of the founders of vector analysis. ...
Josiah Willard Gibbs (February 11, 1839 – April 28, 1903) was an American mathematical physicist who contributed much of the theoretical foundation that led to the development of chemical thermodynamics and was one of the founders of vector analysis. ...
1876 (MDCCCLXXVI) was a leap year starting on Saturday. ...
1878 (MDCCCLXXVIII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ...
Alternative meaning: Nineteenth Century (periodical) (18th century — 19th century — 20th century — more centuries) As a means of recording the passage of time, the 19th century was that century which lasted from 1801-1900 in the sense of the Gregorian calendar. ...
Physical Chemistry is the combined science of physics, chemistry, thermodynamics, and quantum mechanics which functions to provide molecular-level interpretations of observed macroscopic phenomena. ...
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Importance: The precise meaning of the term chemical potential depends on the context in which it is used. ...
The free energy is a measure of the amount of mechanical (or other) work that can be extracted from a system, and is helpful in engineering applications. ...
In physics, a statistical ensemble is a very large set of similar systems, considered all at once. ...
Statistical mechanics is the application of statistics, which includes mathematical tools for dealing with large populations, to the field of mechanics, which is concerned with the motion of particles or objects when subjected to a force. ...
It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with Gibbs phase rule. ...
- See also list of notable textbooks in statistical mechanics.
Statistical mechanics is the application of statistics, which includes mathematical tools for dealing with large populations, to the field of mechanics, which is concerned with the motion of particles or objects when subjected to a force. ...
A list of notable textbooks in statistical mechanics, arranged by date. ...
On the Motion—Required by the Molecular Kinetic Theory of Heat—of Small Particles Suspended in a Stationary Liquid - Einstein, Albert (1905). "Über die von der molekularkinetischen Theorie der Wärme geforderte Bewegung von in ruhenden Flüssigkeiten suspendierten Teilchen (On the Motion—Required by the Molecular Kinetic Theory of Heat—of Small Particles Suspended in a Stationary Liquid)". Ann. Phys. 17 (549).
Description: In this publication Einstein covered his study of Brownian motion, and provided empirical evidence for the existence of atoms. Albert Einstein, photographed in 1947 by Oren J. Turner. ...
Three different views of Brownian motion, with 32 steps, 256 steps, and 2048 steps denoted by progressively lighter colors. ...
Properties For other uses, see Atom (disambiguation). ...
Importance:
Scaling laws for Ising models near Tc Description: Introduces the real space view on the renormalization group, and explains using this concept some relations between the scaling exponents of the Ising model. Leo Kadanoff is a professor of physics (emeritus as of 2004) at the University of Chicago. ...
Importance: Topic creator, breakthrough, influence
The renormalization group: critical phenomena and the Kondo problem Description: Application of the renormalization group to the solution of the Kondo problem. The author was awarded the Nobel Prize in 1982 because of this work. Kenneth Geddes Wilson (born June 8, 1936) is an American physicist. ...
Importance: Breakthrough, influence
Electromagnetism is the physics of the electromagnetic field: a field, encompassing all of space, which exerts a force on those particles that possess the property of electric charge, and is in turn affected by the presence and motion of such particles. ...
- James Clerk Maxwell
- Maxwell, James Clerk, "A Dynamical Theory of the Electromagnetic Field". 1865.
Description: "A Dynamical Theory of the Electromagnetic Field" was the third of James Clerk Maxwell's papers concerned with electromagnetism. The concept of displacement current was introduced, so that it became possible to derive equations of electromagnetic wave. It was the first paper in which Maxwell's equations appeared. A Dynamical Theory of the Electromagnetic Field was the third of James Clerk Maxwells papers concerned with electromagnetism. ...
James Clerk Maxwell (13 June 1831 – 5 November 1879) was a Scottish mathematical physicist, born in Edinburgh. ...
James Clerk Maxwell (13 June 1831 – 5 November 1879) was a Scottish mathematical physicist, born in Edinburgh. ...
Electromagnetism is the physics of the electromagnetic field: a field, encompassing all of space, which exerts a force on those particles that possess the property of electric charge, and is in turn affected by the presence and motion of such particles. ...
Displacement current is a quantity related to a changing electric field. ...
Electromagnetic radiation is a propagating wave in space with electric and magnetic components. ...
Piece of A4 paper Paper is a thin, flat material produced by the amalgamation of plant fibres, which are subsequently held together without extra binder, largely by hydrogen bonds and to a small degree by fiber entanglement. ...
Maxwells equations (sometimes called the Maxwell equations) are the set of four equations, attributed to James Clerk Maxwell, that describe the behavior of both the electric and magnetic fields, as well as their interactions with matter. ...
Importance: Topic creator, breakthrough, influence
Fluid dynamics is the subdiscipline of fluid mechanics that studies fluids (liquids and gases) in motion. ...
An experimental investigation of the circumstances which determine whether the motion of water shall be direct or sinuous, and of the law of resistance in parallel channels Description: Introduces the dimensionless Reynolds number, investigating the critical Reynolds number for transition from laminar to turbulent flow. The Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, or , is the oldest scientific journal printed in the English-speaking world, and was only three months shy of being the oldest in the world. ...
The Reynolds number is the ratio of inertial forces (vsÏ) to viscous forces (μ/L) and is used for determining whether a flow will be laminar or turbulent. ...
The local structure of turbulence in incompressible viscous fluid for very large Reynolds numbers - A.N. Kolmogorov
- Dokl. Akad. Nauk. SSSR 30, p. 4 (1941). Reprinted in Proc. Roy. Soc. A 434, p. 9 (1991).
Description: Introduces the only quantitative theory on turbulence which has survived the test of time. Andrey Kolmogorov Andrey Nikolaevich Kolmogorov (Андре́й Никола́евич Колмого́ров) (kahl-mah-GAW-raff) (April 25, 1903 in Tambov - October 20, 1987 in Moscow) was a Russian mathematician who made major advances in the fields of probability theory and topology. ...
Importance: Breakthrough, Influence
Statistical fluid mechanics - A.S. Monin, A.M. Yaglom
- The MIT press (1971). First edition in Russian by Nauka (1965).
Description: The most important review text on turbulence. Nauka is a Russian publisher of academic books and journals. ...
Importance: Relevant textbook.
A plot of the trajectory Lorenz system for values r = 28, σ = 10, b = 8/3 In mathematics and physics, chaos theory describes the behavior of certain nonlinear dynamical systems that under certain conditions exhibit a phenomenon known as chaos. ...
Deterministic nonperiodic flow - Edward Lorenz
- Journal of Atmospheric Sciences, vol. 20, p. 130-148 (1963).
Description: A finite system of deterministic nonlinear ordinary differential equations is introduced to represent forced dissipative hydrodynamic flow, simulating simple phenomena in the real atmosphere. All of the solutions are found to be unstable, and most of them nonperiodic, thus forcing to reevaluate the feasibility of long-term weather prediction. In this paper the Lorenz attractor is presented for the first time, and gave the first hint of what is now known as butterfly effect. Edward Norton Lorenz (born May 23, 1917), a research meteorologist at MIT, observed that minute variations in the initial values of variables in his primitive computer weather model (c. ...
In mathematics, a differential equation is an equation that describes a prescribed relationship between a set of unknowns which are to be regarded as an unknown function and its (ordinary or partial) derivatives. ...
A plot of the trajectory Lorenz system for values r=28, σ = 10, b = 8/3 The Lorenz attractor, introduced by Edward Lorenz in 1963, is a non-linear three-dimensional deterministic dynamical system derived from the simplified equations of convection rolls arising in the dynamical equations of the atmosphere. ...
Point attractors in 2D phase space. ...
Importance: Topic creator, Breakthrough
Quantum field theory (QFT) is the application of quantum mechanics to fields. ...
Space-Time approach to Quantum Electrodynamics Description: Introduction of the Feynman diagrams approach to quantum electrodynamics. Richard Feynman Richard Phillips Feynman (May 11, 1918–February 15, 1988) (surname pronounced FINE-man) was one of the most influential American physicists of the 20th century, expanding greatly the theory of quantum electrodynamics. ...
Importance: Topic creator, Breakthrough, Influence
Cosmology, as a branch of astrophysics, is the study of the large-scale structure of the universe and is concerned with fundamental questions about its formation and evolution. ...
The Early Universe - E.W. Kolb, M.S. Turner
- Addison-Wesley, 1990.
Description: The most important reference textbook on cosmology, discussing both observational and theoretical issues.
Importance: Relevant textbook.
Condensed matter physics is the field of physics that deals with the macroscopic physical properties of matter. ...
Theory of superconductivity - J. Bardeen, L. N. Cooper, and J. R. Schrieffer
- Phys. Rev. 108 (5), 1175 (1957).
Description: The BCS theory of usual (not high T_c) superconductivity, relating the interaction of electrons and the phonons of a lattice. The authors were awarded with the Nobel prize. BCS theory (named for its creators, Bardeen, Cooper, and Schrieffer) successfully explains conventional superconductivity, the ability of certain metals at low temperatures to conduct electricity without resistance. ...
A phonon is a quantized mode of vibration occurring in a rigid crystal lattice, such as the atomic lattice of a solid. ...
Importance: Breakthrough, Influence
The Standard Model of Fundamental Particles and Interactions The Standard Model of particle physics is a theory which describes the strong, weak, and electromagnetic fundamental forces, as well as the fundamental particles that make up all matter. ...
Computational physics is the study and implementation of numerical algorithms in order to solve problems in physics for which a quantitative theory already exists. ...
Accelerator physics deals with the problems of building and operating particle accelerators. ...
Acoustics is a branch of physics and is the study of sound, mechanical waves in gases, liquids, and solids. ...
Spiral Galaxy ESO 269-57 Astrophysics is the branch of astronomy that deals with the physics of the universe, including the physical properties (luminosity, density, temperature and chemical composition) of celestial objects such as stars, galaxies, and the interstellar medium, as well as their interactions. ...
Cryogenics is a branch of physics (or engineering) that studies the production of very low temperatures (below –150 °C, –238 °F or 123 K) and the behavior of materials at those temperatures. ...
Polymer physics is the field of physics associated to the study of polymers, their fluctuations, mechanical properties, as well as the kinetics of reactions involving degradation and polymerisation of polymers and monomers respectively. ...
See Also:List of scientific journals - Optics Optical redirects here. ...
The Optical Society of America (OSA) is a research and education organization in the field of optics. ...
The Institute of Physics (IOP) is the United Kingdoms professional body for physicists. ...
The following is a partial list of scientific journals. ...
Materials physics is a field of physics concerned with the physical properties of materials. ...
Nuclear physics is the branch of physics concerned with the nucleus of the atom. ...
A Plasma lamp In physics and chemistry, a plasma is an ionized gas, and is usually considered to be a distinct phase of matter. ...
The Collected Works of Irving Langmuir (1961) - Irving Langmuir
- Vol.3: Thermonic Phenomenon: papers from 1916-1937
- Vol.4: Electrical Discharges: papers from 1923-1931
These two volumes from Nobel Prize winning scientist Irving Langmuir, include his early published papers resulting from his experiments with ionized gases (ie. plasma). The books summarise many of the basic properties of plasmas. Langmuir coined the word plamsa in about 1928. Irving Langmuir -- chemist and physicist Irving Langmuir (January 31, 1881 in Brooklyn, New York - August 16, 1957 in Woods Hole, Massachusetts) was an American chemist and physicist. ...
Irving Langmuir -- chemist and physicist Irving Langmuir (January 31, 1881 in Brooklyn, New York - August 16, 1957 in Woods Hole, Massachusetts) was an American chemist and physicist. ...
A Plasma lamp, illustrating some of the more complex phenomena of a plasma, including filamentation A solar coronal mass ejection blasts plasma throughout the solar system. ...
Importance: Influence
Cosmical Electrodynamics, 2nd ed. (1963) Hannes Alfvén won the Nobel Prize for his development of magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) the science that models plasma as fluids. This book lays down the ground work, but also shows that MHD may be inadequate for low-density plasmas such as space plasmas. Hannes Alfvén (1908-1995), winning the Nobel Prizing for his work on magnetohydrodynamics [1]. Hannes Olof Gösta Alfvén (May 30, 1908; Norrköping, Sweden - April 2, 1995; Djursholm, Sweden) is known as a Swedish plasma physicist who won the Nobel Prize in 1970 for his work developing...
Magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) (magnetofluiddynamics or hydromagnetics), is the academic discipline which studies the dynamics of electrically conducting fluids. ...
Importance: Topic creator, Breakthrough, Influence
Particles explode from the collision point of two relativistic (100 GeV per nucleon) gold ions in the STAR detector of the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. ...
Vehicle dynamics is the Dynamics of Vehicles, here assumed to be ground vehicles. ...
Radio telescopes are among many different tools used by astronomers Astronomy (Greek: αστÏονομία = άστÏον + νόμος, astronomia = astron + nomos, literally, law of the stars) is the science of celestial objects (such as stars, planets, comets, and galaxies) and phenomena that originate outside the Earths atmosphere (such as auroras and cosmic background radiation). ...
Biophysics (also biological physics) is an interdisciplinary science that applies the theories and methods of physical sciences, especially those of physics, to questions of biology. ...
A cyclic process is a thermodynamic process which begins from and finishes at the same thermostatic state. ...
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- Ising's thesis proving the non-existence of phase transitions in the 1-dimensional Ising model.
- 1946 - Peierls' contour argument proving the existence of phase transitions in higher dimensional Ising models.
- 1976 - Jurg Fröhlich, Tom Spencer, and Simon's paper proving the existence of phase transitions of continuous symmetry models in at least 3 dimensions.[1]
This article or section does not cite its references or sources.
You can help Wikipedia by introducing appropriate citations. Mathematical physics is the scientific discipline concerned with the application of mathematics to problems in physics and the development of mathematical methods suitable for such applications and for the formulation of physical theories1. ...
Ernst Ising (born May 10, 1900, Cologne, Germany – May 11, 1998, Peoria, Illinois, USA) was a German physicist, who is best remembered for the development of the Ising model of ferromagnetism. ...
The Ising model, named after the physicist Ernst Ising, is a mathematical model in statistical mechanics. ...
Sir Rudolf Ernst Peierls, (June 5, 1907, Berlin – September 19, 1995, Oxford), was a German-born British physicist. ...
Barry Simon (born 16 April 1946) is an eminent American mathematical physicist and the IBM Professor of Mathematics and Theoretical Physics at Caltech, known for his prolific contributions in spectral theory, functional analysis, and nonrelativistic quantum mechanics (particularly Schrödinger operators), including the connections to atomic and molecular physics. ...
Mathematical Physics Donald H. Menzel, Harvard University
Description: Thorough introduction to the mathematical methods of classical mechanics, electromagnetic theory, quantum theory and general relativity. Accessible to students who have finished a one year course in calculus. Much more so than Morse and Feshbach. First published 1961. Available in Dover Editions.
Importance: Introduction.
Medical physics is a branch of applied physics concerning the application of physics to medicine. ...
Chemical physics is a subdiscipline of physics that investigates physicochemical phenomena using techniques from atomic and molecular physics and condensed matter physics; it is the branch of physics that studies chemical processes from the point of view of physics. ...
Lloyd, S., 2000, Ultimate physical limits of computation, Nature, 406:1047-1054. The study of the physics of computation relates to understanding the fundamental physical limits of computers. ...
First title page, November 4, 1869 Nature is one of the oldest and most reputable scientific journals, first published on 4 November 1869. ...
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