NationMaster - Encyclopedia: List of socialists from Eastern Europe

Ramiz Alia (born October 18, 1925) was the leader of Albania from 1985 to 1992. ... Adil Ã‡arÃ§ani (May 15, 1922 - October 13, 1997) was an Albanian politician. ... SkÃ«nder Gjinushi (born 24 December 1949 in VlorÃ«) is the leader of the social-democratic party of Albania. ... Enver Hoxha, (IPA , October 16, 1908â€“April 11, 1985) was the paramount leader of Albania from the end of World War II until his death in 1985, as the First Secretary of the Communist Albanian Party of Labour. ... (Xhuglini) Nexhmije Hoxha [nej-mee-ye ho-ja] (born 7 February 1921, Monastir, Macedonia) is the widow of the Albanian leader Enver Hoxha. ... Ali Kelmendi (1900 Peć, Kosovo – February 11, 1939 France) was an Albanian communist, an organizer of the communist movement in Albania. ... Haxhi Lleshi (October 19, 1913 January 1, 1998) was an Albanian military leader and communist politician. ... Pandeli Majko Pandeli Majko (born in 1967 in Tirana) was Prime Minister of Albania from 1998-1999 and for a short time in 2002. ... Ilir Meta (born 1969) was the prime minister of Albania from 29 October 1999 to 22 February 2002, replacing Pandeli Majko in this position. ... Fatos Nano, Former Prime Minister of Albania Fatos Thanas Nano (born September 16, 1952) is a Member of the Albanian Parliament, representing SarandÃ« constituency. ... Mehmet Shehu (January 10, 1913 Ã‡orush (prononc. ... KoÃ§i Xoxe (IPA , 1917â€“June 11, 1949) was the Defence and Interior Minister of Albania for some time under Enver Hoxha until he was purged for pro-Yugoslav activities after Tito broke relations with Hoxhas ally, Stalin. ...

Bulgaria

Dimitâr Blagoev was a Bulgarian political leader. ... Vulko Velev Chervenkov (September 6, 1900–October 21, 1980) was a Bulgarian communist politician. ... Georgi Dimitrov Georgi Mikhailov Dimitrov (Ð“ÐµÐ¾Ñ€Ð³Ð¸ ÐœÐ¸Ñ…Ð°Ð¹Ð»Ð¾Ð² Ð”Ð¸Ð¼Ð¸Ñ‚Ñ€Ð¾Ð², also known as Ð“ÐµÐ¾Ñ€Ð³Ð¸Ð¹ ÐœÐ¸Ñ…Ð°Ð¹Ð»Ð¾Ð²Ð¸Ñ‡ Ð”Ð¸Ð¼Ð¸Ñ‚Ñ€Ð¾Ð²- Georgiy Mikhailovich Dimitrov) (June 18, 1882, Kovachevtsi, Pernik Province - July 2, 1949, Moscow) was a Bulgarian Communist leader. ... Vasil Petrov Kolarov (July 16, 1877 January 23, 1950) was a Bulgarian communist political leader. ... Andrey Karlov Lukanov (September 26, 1938- October 2, 1996) was a Bulgarian political figure. ... Petur Mladenov (1936 May 31, 2000) was a Bulgarian communist diplomat and politician. ... Alexander Paunov born on (June 19, 1949), is a Bulgarian politician, member of the Bulgarian National Assembly, and the leader of the current Bulgarian Communist Party. ... Stanko Todorov (December 10, 1920 - December 17, 1996) was a Bulgarian communist politician. ... Anton Yugov (1914-1991) was a leading member of the Bulgarian Communist Party served as Prime Minister of the country from 1956 to 1962. ... Todor Zhivkov Todor Hristov Zhivkov (Bulgarian: ToÐ´Ð¾Ñ€ XpÐ¸cÑ‚oÐ² Ð–Ð¸Ð²ÐºÐ¾Ð²; pronounced ; (September 7, 1911â€“August 5, 1998) was the Communist leader of Bulgaria from March 4, 1954 until November 10, 1989. ...

Czech Republic and Slovakia

Edvard BeneÅ¡ Edvard BeneÅ¡ with wife 1921, autochrome portrait by Josef JindÅ™ich Å echtl Edvard BeneÅ¡ (May 28, 1884 - September 3, 1948) was a leader of the Czechoslovak independence movement and the second President of Czechoslovakia. ... OldÅ™ich ÄŒernÃk (born 1921) was a Czechoslovakian Communist political figure. ... Bohuslav ChÅˆoupek (August 10, 1925, PetrÅ¾alka (now part of Bratislava) - June 28, 2004, Prague) was a Czechoslovak politician, journalist and writer. ... Alexander DubÄek Alexander DubÄek (November 27, 1921 â€“ November 7, 1992) was a Slovak politician and briefly leader of Czechoslovakia (1968-1969), famous for his attempt to reform the Communist regime (Prague Spring). ... Julius FuÄÃk Julius FuÄÃk (February 23, 1903 â€“ September 8, 1943) was a Czechoslovakian journalist, a Communist Party of Czechoslovakia (KomunistickÃ¡ strana ÄŒeskoslovenska [KSÄŒ]) leader, and a leader in the forefront of the anti-Nazi resistance. ... A 1950s Czechoslovak propaganda poster depicting Gottwald and Stalin Klement Gottwald (November 23, 1896, DÄ›dice (VyÅ¡kov), South Moravia, Austria-Hungary (now Czech Republic) - March 14, 1953) was a Czechoslovakian Communist politician, longtime leader of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia (KSÄŒ or CPCz or CPC), prime minister and president... JiÅ™Ã HÃ¡jek (July 6, 1913, Krhanice near BeneÅ¡ov - October 22, 1993, Prague) was Czechoslovakian politician and diplomat. ... VladimÃr Holan (1905 - 1980) was a Czech poet who became famous especially for his language obscurity, dark topics and pessimist views in his poems. ... GustÃ¡v HusÃ¡k (January 10, 1913 DÃºbravka (today part of Bratislava) - November 18, 1991 Bratislava) was a Slovak politician, a long-term Communist leader of Czechoslovakia and of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia in the 1970s and 1980s. ... AntonÃn JanouÅ¡ek (1877â€“1941) was a Czech journalist and communist. ... AntonÃn NovotnÃ½ was a president of Czechoslovakia. ... Radovan Richta (June 6, 1924 - July 21, 1983) was a Czech philosopher who coined the term technological evolution; a theory about societys replacement of physical labour with mental labour. ... Rudolf SlÃ¡nskÃ½ (July 31, 1901, NezvÄ›stice near Kladno â€“ December 2, 1952) was a Czech Communist politician and the partys General Secretary after the World War II. Later he fell into disfavour with the regime and was executed after a show trial. ... LudvÃk Svoboda LudvÃk Svoboda (November 25, 1895 in HroznatÃn, Moravia - September 20, 1979 in Prague) was a Czechoslovak national hero who fought in both World Wars and later the president of Czechoslovakia. ... AntonÃn ZÃ¡potockÃ½ (December 19, 1884 - November 13, 1957) was prime minister of Czechoslovakia from 1948 to 1953 and president of Czechoslovakia from 1953 to 1957. ...

Hungary

Attila JÃ³zsef (April 11, 1905 - December 3, 1937) was one of the most outstanding Hungarian poets in the 20th century. ... IstvÃ¡n Dobi (December 31, 1898 â€“ November 24, 1968) was a Hungarian politician. ... ErnÅ‘ GerÅ‘ (1898 - 1980) was a Hungarian Communist leader in the period after World War II and briefly leader of Hungary in 1956. ... KÃ¡roly GrÃ³sz (August 1, 1930 - January 7, 1996) was a Hungarian communist politician. ... (pronounced ) (born June 4, 1961) is the Prime Minister of Hungary. ... AndrÃ¡s HegedÅ±s (1922-1999) was a Hungarian Communist politician who served as Prime Minister of Hungary from 1955 to 1956. ... Ãgnes Heller (born 1929 in Budapest, Hungary) is one of the worldâ€™s foremost Marxist philosophers. ... JÃ¡nos KÃ¡dÃ¡r GYILKOS DISZNO, nÃ© JÃ¡nos Csermanek (May 26, 1912â€“July 6, 1989), was the communist leader of Hungary from 1956 to 1988, and twice served as Prime Minister of Hungary, from 1956 to 1958 and from 1961 to 1965. ... Count MihÃ¡ly Adam Georg Nikolaus KÃ¡rolyi von NagykÃ¡rolyi (March 4, 1875-March 20, 1955) was briefly Hungarys leader in 1918-19 during an ill-fated spell of democracy. ... Arthur Koestler Arthur Koestler (September 5, 1905, Budapest â€“ March 3, 1983, London) was a Hungarian polymath who became a naturalized British subject. ... BÃ©la Kun BÃ©la Kun (born BÃ©la Kohn) (February 20, 1886, in SzilÃ¡gycseh, today Cehu Silvaniei, Transylvania, Romaniaâ€“probably in 1938 or 1939, in the Soviet Union) was a Hungarian Communist politician, who ruled Hungary for a brief time in 1919. ... PÃ¡l Losonczi (18 September 1919 â€“ 28 March 2005) was a Hungarian Communist political figure. ... Georg LukÃ¡cs (April 13, 1885 â€“ June 4, 1971) was a Hungarian Marxist philosopher and literary critic in the tradition of Western Marxism. ... PÃ¡l MalÃ©ter (1917-June 16, 1958) was born to Hungarian parents in EperjÃ©s, a city in the northern part of Historical Hungary, today part of Slovakia. ... This article is in need of attention. ... Imre Nagy. ... Karl Paul Polanyi (Vienna October 21, 1886 - Pickering, Ontario April 23, 1964) was a Hungarian intellectual known for his opposition to traditional economic thought and his influential book The Great Transformation. ... Georges Politzer (1903-1942) was a French philosopher and Marxist theoretician of Hungarian origin, affectionally referred to as the philosophe roux, or red-headed philosopher. He was a native of NagyvÃ¡rad (Oradea), Hungary. ... LÃ¡szlÃ³ Rajk (1909-1949) was an opposant to the communist rule in Hungary. ... Portrait of MÃ¡tyÃ¡s RÃ¡kosi MÃ¡tyÃ¡s RÃ¡kosi (March 14, 1892â€“February 5, 1971) was a Hungarian politician and the leader of Hungary from 1945 to 1956. ... ÃrpÃ¡d Szakasits (1888 - 1965) was a Hungarian Communist political figure. ... Tibor Szamuely Tibor Szamuely (1890 â€“ 1919) was a Hungarian Communist leader. ... Eugen Samuilovich Varga (November 6, 1879 â€“ October 7, 1964) was a Marxist economist of Hungarian origin. ...

Poland

Mordechaj Anielewicz Mordechai Anielewicz (1919â€“1943) was the commander of the Å»ydowska Organizacja Bojowa (English: Jewish Fighting Organization), also known as Å»OB, during the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising. ... Zygmunt Bauman (born 1925 in Poznan, Poland) is a British sociologist of Polish-Jewish descent. ... Term of office from February 5, 1947 until November 21, 1952 Profession typesetter Political party communist Spouse Wanda GÃ³rska Date of birth April 18, 1892 Place of birth Rury Jezuickie near Lublin Date of death March 12, 1956 Place of death Moscow, Soviet Union BolesÅ‚aw Bierut (real name... JÃ³zef Cyrankiewicz (April 23, 1911 - January 20, 1989) was a Polish communist political figure. ... Ignacy DaszyÅ„ski Ignacy DaszyÅ„ski (1866-1936) was a Polish politician. ... Isaac Deutscher (3 April 1907 â€“ 19 August 1967), British journalist, historian and political activist of Polish-Jewish birth, became well-known as the biographer of Leon Trotsky and Joseph Stalin and as a commentator on Soviet affairs. ... Marek Edelman, Warsaw University, Warsaw (Poland), April 26, 2005 Marek Edelman (b. ... CCP Chairman Mao Zedong (third left) with Israel Epstein (first left), Anna Louise Strong (fourth left), Frank Coe (second right), and Solomon Adler (first right). ... Edward Gierek Edward Gierek (January 6, 1913 - July 29, 2001) was a Polish Communist leader. ... WÅ‚adysÅ‚aw GomuÅ‚ka on the cover of Time Magazine WÅ‚adysÅ‚aw GomuÅ‚ka (February 6, 1905, Krosno â€“ September 1, 1982) was a Polish Communist leader. ... Gen. ... Wojciech Jaruzelski in 2006 Wojciech Witold Jaruzelski (pronounced: ) (born July 6, 1923) was a communist Polish political and military leader, Prime Minister from 1981 to 1985, head of the Polish Council of State from 1985 to 1989 and President from 1989 to 1990. ... Leo Jogiches Leo Jogiches, also known by his party name Tyska or Tyshko (was born 17 July 1867 in the multi national city of Vilnius and died 10 March 1919 in Berlin). ... MichaÅ‚ Kalecki (22nd June 1899-18 April 1970) was one of the greatest Polish economists. ... StanisÅ‚aw Kania StanisÅ‚aw Kania (born March 8, 1927) was a Polish communist political leader. ... Kazimierz Kelles-Krauz born in 1872 in Szczebrzeszyn, Poland, died in 1905 was a Polish philosopher and sociologist, member of the Polish Socialist Party. ... Leszek KoÅ‚akowski (born 23 October 1927 in Radom, Poland) is the most notable living Polish philosopher. ... Office President of Poland Term of office from December 23, 1995 until December 22, 2005 Profession Journalist Political party SLD Spouse Jolanta KwaÅ›niewska Date of birth November 15, 1954 Place of birth BiaÅ‚ogard, Poland Date of death Place of death Aleksander KwaÅ›niewski ((?); born November 15, 1954) is... Abraham Leon (1918- 1944) (born Abraham Wejnstok), was a Jewish Trotskyist activist and theorist. ... Julian Marchlewski (May 17, 1866 - March 22, 1925) was a Polish and Soviet communist functionary with an education in economics. ... Leszek Miller Leszek Miller (born July 3rd, 46 in Å»yrardÃ³w) - a Polish left politician, a many-year leader of the Democratic Left Alliance,Prime Minister of the government of the Republic of Poland in 2001-2004. ... Edward Ochab (1906-1989) was a Polish Communist politician who was First Secretary of the Communist party between March and October 1956 and served as head of state in the years 1964-1968. ... Daniel Podrzycki Daniel Tomasz Podrzycki (June 4, 1963 - September 24, 2005), was a Polish politician. ... Adam Rapacki (born 24th of December 1909 in Lwow, died 10th of October 1970 in Warsaw), was a Polish politician and diplomate. ... MichaÅ‚ Å»ymierski MichaÅ‚ Å»ymierski (true name MichaÅ‚ ÅyÅ¼wiÅ„ski, pseudonym Rola; 1890-1989) was a Polish military officer and Marshal of Poland since 1945. ... Marshal of the Soviet Union Konstantin Rokossovsky Konstantin Konstantinovich Rokossovsky (Russian: КОНСТАНТИН КОНСТАНТИНОВИЧ РОКОССОВСКИЙ, Polish name Konstanty Rokossowski) (December 21, 1896 - August 3, 1968), Soviet military commander and Polish Defence Minister, was born in the town of Velikie Luki near Pskov in northern Russia, the son of a Polish railway... Daniel Singer (September 26, 1926 - December 2, 2000) was a socialist writer and journalist. ... Marian Spychalski (1906-1980) was a Polish Communist politician who served as Polish Head of State from 1968 to 1970. ... Maria Szyszkowska (born October 7, 1937 in Warsaw) is a Polish Senator, academic, and writer. ... Jozef Unszlicht (nicknames Jurowski, Leon) (1879 - 1937), a communist activist. ... Adolf Warszawski-Warski (1868-1937) was a leader and theoretician of the Polish communist movement. ... Wanda Wasilewska (1905– 1964) was a Polish novelist and politician. ... Aleksander Zawadzki Aleksander Zawadzki (December 16, 1899 _ August 7, 1964) was a Polish Communist political figure and head of state of Poland from 1952 to 1964. ...

Romania

Gheorghe Apostol (May 16, 1913, near GalaÅ£i) is a Romanian Communist Party politician, noted for his rivalry with Nicolae CeauÅŸescu. ... Ecaterina Arbore, Arbore-Ralli or Ralli-Arbore (rendered into Russian as Ð•ÐºÐ°Ñ‚ÐµÑ€Ð¸Ð½Ð° ÐÑ€Ð±Ð¾Ñ€Ðµ or ÐÑ€Ð±Ð¾Ñ€Ñ - Yekaterina Arborye or Arbore, with Ralli as Ð Ð°Ð»Ð»Ð¸; 1873 or 1875-1937), daughter Zamfir Arbore (a socialist militant in Imperial Russia), was a Romanian/Moldovan-Soviet communist activist and official. ... Silviu Brucan (b. ... Elena CeauÅŸescu. ... Nicolae CeauÅŸescu (IPA ) (January 26, 1918 - December 25, 1989) was the leader of Communist Romania from 1965 until shortly before his execution. ... Gheorghe Cristescu, nicknamed PlÄƒpumarul - The Blanket Maker, (October 10, 1882, Copaci, Giurgiu county-November 29, 1973) was a Romanian socialist and, for a part of his life, communist militant. ... Alexandru Dobrogeanu-Gherea or Alexandru Gherea (rendered in Russian as ÐÐ»ÐµÐºÑÐ°Ð½Ð´Ñ€ Ð”Ð¾Ð±Ñ€Ð¾Ð´Ð¶Ð°Ð½Ñƒ-Ð“ÐµÑ€Ñ or Ð”Ð¾Ð±Ñ€Ð¾Ð¶Ð°Ð½Ñƒ-Ð“ÐµÑ€Ðµ - Aleksandr Dobrodzhanu-Gerya /Dobrozhanu-Gere; July 7, 1879, PloieÅŸti-1938, in the Soviet Union) was a Romanian communist militant and son of socialist, sociologist and literary critic Constantin Dobrogeanu-Gherea. ... Constantin Dobrogeanu-Gherea (born Solomon Katz; 1855, near Dnipropetrovsk, then in Imperial Russiaâ€”1920, Bucharest) was a Jewish Romanian Marxist theorist, politician, sociologist, literary critic, and journalist, the father of Alexandru Dobrogeanu-Gherea. ... Gheorghiu-Dej (center) and CeauÅŸescu (left) Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej (November 8, 1901, BÃ¢rlad - March 19, 1965, Bucharest) was the Communist leader of Romania from 1948 until his death in 1965. ... Max Goldstein Max Goldstein (died 1924) was a Romanian communist. ... Vitali (Vitaliy) Holostenco or Holostenko (Ð’Ð¸Ñ‚Ð°Ð»Ð¸Ð¹ Ð¥Ð¾Ð»Ð¾ÑÑ‚ÐµÐ½ÐºÐ¾; aprox. ... Panait Istrati Panait (sometimes rendered as PanaÃ¯t) Istrati (August 10, 1884, BrÄƒila - April 18, 1935, Bucharest) was a Romanian writer of French and Romanian expression, nicknamed The Maxim Gorky of the Balkans. ... Elek KÃ¶blÃ¶s, (also known under his pseudonyms: Balthazar, BÄƒdulescu, DÄƒnilÄƒ; 1877, DumbrÄƒvioara, MureÅŸ-1937, probably in Moscow) was a Hungarian-Romanian communist militant and leader. ... Gheorghe Gaston Marin (born Grossmann on April 14, 1918, Padureni, Romania) was a Romanian politician who had many roles under Gheorghe Gheorghiu-Dej and Nicolae CeauÅŸescu. ... Petru Groza, (December 7, 1884 - January 7, 1958), nicknamed The Red Bourgeois by his political adversaries, was a leading political figure in interwar Romania who eventually became Premier of the states coalition government from 1945 to 1952. ... Ion Iliescu (born March 3, 1930) is a Romanian politician. ... David Korner, also known as Barta, was a Romanian Trotskyist militant. ... Vasile Luca (born Luka LÃ¡szlÃ³) was a Szekler leading member of the Romanian Communist Party. ... Corneliu MÄƒnescu (1916 - June 26, 2000) was a Romanian diplomat. ... Ion Gheorghe Maurer (September 23, 1902 - February 8, 2000) was a Romanian politician and lawyer. ... Milea Vasile (d. ... Adrian NÄƒstase (born June 22, 1950) is a Romanian politician who was the Prime Minister of Romania from December 2000 to December 2004. ... LucreÅ£iu PÄƒtrÄƒÅŸcanu, (November 4, 1900, BacÄƒuâ€“April 17, 1954) was a leading member of the Communist Party of Romania, a lawyer, sociologist and economist. ... Ana Pauker (born Hannah Rabinsohn) (February 13, 1893-June 14, 1960) was a Romanian communist leader and served as the countrys foreign minister in the late 1940s and early 1950s. ... Marcel Pauker (rendered in Russian as ÐœÐ°Ñ€Ñ†ÐµÐ» ÐŸÐ°ÑƒÐºÐµÑ€ - Martsel Pauker; December 6, 1896, Bucharestâ€”August 16, 1938, Butovo - near Moscow) was a Romanian communist militant and husband of Ana Pauker. ... Adrian PÄƒunescu, (Born July 20, 1943). ... Alexandru Sahia (pen name of Alexandru StÄƒnescu; October 11, 1908, MÄƒnÄƒstirea, near OlteniÅ£a, CÄƒlÄƒraÅŸi County-August 12, 1937) was a Romanian communist journalist and short story author. ... Tristan Tzara (April 16, 1896 â€“ December 25, 1963) is the assumed name of Sami Rosenstock, born in MoineÅŸti, BacÄƒu, Romania, a poet and essayist who lived for the majority of his life in France. ... Ilie VerdeÅ£ (10 May 1925 - 20 March 2001) was a Romanian politician and the brother-in-law of the Romanian dictator Nicolae CeauÅŸescu. ...

Russia, the Soviet Union and successor states

Chinghiz Aitmatov (Чингиз Айтматов) (born December 12, 1928) is an author from Sheker, in Kyrgyzstan. ... Pavel Borisovich Axelrod (Russian: 1850-1928). ... Yuri Vladimirovich Andropov (Russian: Ð®ÌÑ€Ð¸Ð¹ Ð’Ð»Ð°Ð´Ð¸ÌÐ¼Ð¸Ñ€Ð¾Ð²Ð¸Ñ‡ ÐÐ½Ð´Ñ€Ð¾ÌÐ¿Ð¾Ð²; 15 June [O.S. 2 June] 1914 â€“ February 9, 1984) was a Soviet politician and General Secretary of the CPSU from November 12, 1982 until his death just sixteen months later. ... Chaim Arlosoroff (1899-1933), (also spelled Arlozorov or Arlozoroff), was a notable Zionist and a proponent of the State of Israel and the return of Jews to the Land of Israel. ... Mikhail Alexandrovich Bakunin (Trolo) (Russian â€” ÐœÐ¸Ñ…Ð°Ð¸Ð» ÐÐ»ÐµÐºÑÐ°Ð½Ð´Ñ€Ð¾Ð²Ð¸Ñ‡ Ð‘Ð°ÐºÑƒÐ½Ð¸Ð½, Michel Bakunin â€” on the grave in Bern), (May 18 (30 N.S.), 1814â€“June 19 (July 1 N.S.), 1876) was a well known Russian revolutionary. ... Balabanoff Angelica Balabanoff (or Balabanov, Balabanova; Russian: -Anzhelika Balabanova) born 1878 - died November 25, 1965, in Rome, was a Ukrainian-Italian Communist politician. ... Johannes Vares (12 January 1890 (O.S. 31 December 1891 {{{4}}}) - November 29, 1946) was an Estonian poet, doctor, and politician. ... Nikolai Berdyaev Nikolai Alexandrovich Berdyaev (ÐÐ¸ÐºÐ¾Ð»Ð°Ð¹ ÐÐ»ÐµÐºÑÐ°Ð½Ð´Ñ€Ð¾Ð²Ð¸Ñ‡ Ð‘ÐµÑ€Ð´ÑÐµÐ²) (March 18 [O.S. March 6] 1874 â€“ March 24, 1948) was a Russian-Ukrainian religious and political philosopher. ... Lavrenty Beria Lavrentiy Pavlovich Beria (Georgian: áƒšáƒáƒ•áƒ áƒ”áƒœáƒ¢áƒ˜ áƒ‘áƒ”áƒ áƒ˜áƒ; Russian: Ð›Ð°Ð²Ñ€ÐµÐ½Ñ‚Ð¸Ð¹ ÐŸÐ°Ð²Ð»Ð¾Ð²Ð¸Ñ‡ Ð‘ÐµÑ€Ð¸Ñ; (29 March 1899 â€“ 23 December 1953), was a Soviet politician and chief of the Soviet security and police apparatus. ... Alexander Berkman together with Emma Goldman in 1917 Alexander Berkman (21 November 1870 - 28 June 1936) was a Russian writer and activist who lived and worked for many years in the United States, where he was a leading member of the anarchist movement. ... Alexander Aleksandrovich Bogdanov ÐÐ»ÐµÐºÑÐ°Ð½Ð´Ñ€ ÐÐ»ÐµÐºÑÐ°Ð½Ð´Ñ€Ð¾Ð²Ð¸Ñ‡ Ð‘Ð¾Ð³Ð´Ð°Ð½Ð¾Ð² (born Alexander Malinovsky) August 22 (Old Style), 1873, Tula, Russia - April 7, 1928, Moscow) was a Russian physician, philosopher, economist, science fiction writer, and revolutionary whose scientific interests ranged from the universal systems theory to the possibility of human rejuvenation through blood transfusion. ... Ber Borochov, c. ... Algirdas Brazauskas Algirdas Mykolas Brazauskas (born September 22, 1932) is Prime Minister and a former President of Lithuania. ... Leonid Ilyich Brezhnev Russian: ; December 19 [O.S. January 1 1907] 1906 â€“ November 10, 1982) was the effective ruler of the Soviet Union from 1964 to 1982, though at first in partnership with others. ... Andrei Sergeyevich Bubnov (March 23, 1883 - January 12 1940) was a Bolshevik revolutionary leader in Russia, and member of the Left Opposition. ... Nikolai Ivanovich Bukharin (Russian: Николай Иванович Бухарин), (October 9 (September 27 Old Style) 1888 - March 13, 1938) was a Bolshevik revolutionary and then a Soviet politician, and intellectual. ... Nikolai Bulganin (right), with Nikita Khrushchev (centre) and Tito in Belgrade in 1955 Nikolai Aleksandrovich Bulganin (Russian: Николай Александрович Булганин) (May 30, 1895 - February 24, 1975), Soviet politician, was born in Nizhny Novgorod, the son of an office worker. ... Mykolas BurokeviÄius (born October 7, 1927, Alytus, Lithuania) - a communist political leader. ... Konstantin Ustinovich Chernenko (Russian: ; September 24, 1911 â€“ March 10, 1985) was a Soviet politician and General Secretary of the CPSU who led the Soviet Union from February 13, 1984 until his death just thirteen months later. ... Viktor Mikhailovich Chernov (1873 â€“ 1952) was a Russian revolutionary and a founder of the Russian Socialist-Revolutionary Party in 1901/1902. ... Ivan Danilovich Chernyakhovsky, (Cherniakhovsky), 1906 - 1945, Russian General of the Army (the youngest ever to have this rank), twice Hero of the Soviet Union, brilliant commander of the 3rd Belorussian Front, died from wounds received outside Königsberg at age 39. ... Nikolai Chernyshevsky Nikolai Gavrilovich Chernyshevsky (Russian: ÐÐ¸ÐºÐ¾Ð»Ð°Ð¹ Ð“Ð°Ð²Ñ€Ð¸Ð»Ð¾Ð²Ð¸Ñ‡ Ð§ÐµÑ€Ð½Ñ‹ÑˆÐµÐ²ÑÐºÐ¸Ð¹) (July 12, 1828 - October 17, 1889) was a Russian revolutionary democrat, materialist philosopher, critic, and socialist. ... Georgi Chicherin (Rus. ... Fedor Dan (1871-1949) was born in St Petersburg. ... Abram Moiseyevich Deborin (Joffe) (Russian: ÐÐ±Ñ€Ð°Ð¼ ÐœÐ¾Ð¸ÑÐµÐµÐ²Ð¸Ñ‡ Ð”ÐµÐ±Ð¾Ñ€Ð¸Ð½ (Ð˜Ð¾Ñ„Ñ„Ðµ) (June 16 (O.S. June 4), 1881 - March 8, 1963) was a Soviet Marxist philosopher and academician of the Soviet Academy of Sciences (1929). ... Karen Serobovich Demirchyan (April 17, 1932, Yerevanâ€”October 27, 1999, Yerevan) was an Armenian (and Soviet Union) communist and later independent politician, Armenian Communist Party first secretary from 1974 to 1988. ... Raya Dunayevskaya (1910 â€“ 1987) was a Ukrainian born immigrant to the United States of America who was a member of the Socialist Workers Party (SWP). ... Felix Edmundovich Dzerzhinsky Iron Felix Felix Edmundovich Dzerzhinsky (Belarusian language Ð¤ÐµÐ»Ñ–ÑÐº ÐÐ´Ð¼ÑƒÐ½Ð´Ð°Ð²Ñ–Ñ‡ Ð”Ð·ÑÑ€Ð¶Ñ‹Ð½ÑÐºÑ–, Polish: Feliks DzierÅ¼yÅ„ski, Russian: Ð¤ÐµÐ»Ð¸ÐºÑ ÐÐ´Ð¼ÑƒÐ½Ð´Ð¾Ð²Ð¸Ñ‡ Ð”Ð·ÐµÑ€Ð¶Ð¸Ð½ÑÐºÐ¸Ð¹; September 11 (August 30, O.S.), 1877 - July 20, 1926) was a Polish-born Russian Communist revolutionary, famous as the founder of the Bolshevik secret police, the Cheka, later known by many names. ... David Edelstadt (born 1866, in Russia - Denver, 1892) was a Russian anarchist poet of Yiddish language. ... Ilya Grigoryevich Ehrenburg (Ð˜Ð»ÑŒÑÌ Ð“Ñ€Ð¸Ð³Ð¾ÌÑ€ÑŒÐµÐ²Ð¸Ñ‡ ÐÑ€ÐµÐ½Ð±ÑƒÌÑ€Ð³) (January 27, 1891â€“August 31, 1967) was a Soviet Jewish writer and journalist whose 1954 novel gave name to the Khrushchev Thaw. ... Sergei Eisenstein in 1920s Sergei Eisenstein Sergei Mikhailovich Eisenstein (Russian: Ð¡ÐµÑ€Ð³ÐµÐ¹ ÐœÐ¸Ñ…Ð°Ð¹Ð»Ð¾Ð²Ð¸Ñ‡ ÐÐ¹Ð·ÐµÐ½ÑˆÑ‚ÐµÐ¹Ð½, Latvian: Sergejs EizenÅ¡teins) (January 23, 1898 â€“ February 11, 1948) was a revolutionary Soviet theatrical scenic designer-turned-film director and film theorist noted in particular for his silent films Strike, Battleship Potemkin and Oktober, which vastly influenced early documentary... During her lifetime, Furtseva was ironically referred to as Catherine the Third, an allusion to the famous Russian empress likewise named Ekaterina Alekseyevna. ... Yuri Alekseyevich Gagarin (Russian: Ð®Ñ€Ð¸Ð¹ ÐÐ»ÐµÐºÑÐµÐµÐ²Ð¸Ñ‡ Ð“Ð°Ð³Ð°Ñ€Ð¸Ð½; March 9, 1934 â€“ March 27, 1968), was a Soviet cosmonaut who in 1961 became the first human to survive space flight and the first human to orbit the Earth. ... Wikiquote has a collection of quotations related to: Emma Goldman Emma Goldman (June 27, 1869 â€“ May 14, 1940) aka Red Emma, was a Lithuanian-born Anarchist known for her anarchist writings and speeches. ... (Russian: , Mihail SergeeviÄ GorbaÄÃ«v, IPA: , commonly anglicized as Gorbachev; born March 2, 1931) was leader of the Soviet Union from 1985 until 1991. ... Aleksei Maksimovich Peshkov (In Russian Алексей Максимович Пешков) (March 28; March 16 Old Style, 1868–June 14, 1936), better known as Maxim Gorky (Максим Горький), was a Soviet/Russian author, a founder of the socialist realism literary method and a political activist. ... Andrei Andreyevitch Gromyko (Андре́й Андре́евич Громы́ко) (July 5, 1909 – July 2, 1989) was foreign minister and chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union. ... The factual accuracy of this article is disputed. ... Aleksandr Ivanovich Herzen (ÐÐ»ÐµÐºÑÐ°ÌÐ½Ð´Ñ€ Ð˜Ð²Ð°ÌÐ½Ð¾Ð²Ð¸Ñ‡ Ð“ÐµÌÑ€Ñ†ÐµÐ½) (April 6 [O.S. 25 March] 1812 in Moscow - January 21 [O.S. 9 January] 1870 in Paris) was a major Russian pro-Western writer and thinker known as the father of Russian socialism. He is held responsible for creating a political climate leading to the emancipation... Sultan Ibraimov (* 1927; + 1980) was a prominent administrator and politician in the Kyrgyz Soviet Socialist Republic. ... Evald Vassilievich Ilyenkov (18 February 1924â€”21 March 1979) was a Marxist author and renowned Soviet philosopher who did important original work on the materialist development of Hegels dialectics. ... Adolf Abramovich Joffe (ÐÐ´Ð¾Ð»ÑŒÑ„ ÐÐ±Ñ€Ð°Ð¼Ð¾Ð²Ð¸Ñ‡ Ð™Ð¾Ñ„Ñ„Ðµ) (October 10, 1883 â€“ November 16, 1927) was a Russian revolutionary and an associate of Leon Trotsky. ... Nadezhda Adolfovna Joffe (1906- March 18, 1999, Brooklyn) was a Soviet Trotskyist and daughter of early Soviet leader Adolph Joffe. ... Johannes KÃ¤bin (born 24 September 1905 â€“ died 26 October 1999) was a Soviet politician who led the Estonian Communist Party from 1950 to 1978. ... Lazar Kaganovich Lazar Moiseyevich Kaganovich (Russian: ) (November 22, 1893â€“July 25, 1991) was a Soviet politician and a close associate of Joseph Stalin. ... Steponas Kairys (born 20 December 1878 or 3 January 1879 in UkmergÄ— district, Lithuania â€“ died 16 December 1964 in New York City) was a Lithuanian nationalist and social democrat. ... Mikhail Kalinin A 1919 image showing Joseph Stalin, Vladimir Lenin, and Mikhail Kalinin (right) Mikhail Ivanovich Kalinin (Russian: ) (November 19 [O.S. November 7] 1875â€“June 3, 1946) was a Bolshevik revolutionary and Soviet politician. ... Lev Borisovich Kamenev (Russian: Ð›ÐµÐ² Ð‘Ð¾Ñ€Ð¸ÑÐ¾Ð²Ð¸Ñ‡ ÐšÐ°Ð¼ÐµÐ½ÐµÐ², born Rosenfeld, Ð Ð¾Ð·ÐµÐ½Ñ„ÐµÐ»ÑŒÐ´) (July 18 [O.S. July 6] 1883 â€“ August 25, 1936) was a Bolshevik revolutionary and a prominent Soviet politician. ... Olga Davidovna Kameneva (1883 (?) - 1941) (nee Bronstein, sometimes translated as Olga Kamenev) was a Russian Bolshevik revolutionary and an early Soviet functionary in the theater field. ... Vincas Mickevičius-Kapsukas (Budvečiai, 7 April (Old Style 23 March) 1880 - Moscow, 17 December 1935) was a Lithuanian politician, one of the founders and later leader of the Lithuanian Communist Party. ... Please wikify (format) this article as suggested in the Guide to layout and the Manual of Style. ... Berl Katznelson (1887 - 1944) was a Labor Zionism philosopher. ... Alexander Fyodorovich Kerensky ( Russian:Алекса́ндр Фёдорович Ке́ренский) ( April 22, 1881 ( May 2, New Style) - June 11, 1970) was the second prime minister of the Russian Provisional Government, immediately before the Bolsheviks and Lenin came to power. ... Fayzulla Ubaydullayevich Khodzhayev (Russian: Ð¤Ð°Ð¹Ð·ÑƒÐ»Ð»Ð° Ð£Ð±Ð°Ð¹Ð´ÑƒÐ»Ð»Ð°ÐµÐ²Ð¸Ñ‡ Ð¥Ð¾Ð´Ð¶Ð°ÐµÐ²; born 1896 â€“ died March 1938) was born in Bukhara to a family of wealthy traders. ... (Russian: , Nikita SergeeviÄ HruÅ¡ÄÃ«v; surname commonly romanized as Khrushchev, IPA: ; April 17, 1894 â€“ September 11, 1971) was the leader of the Soviet Union after the death of Joseph Stalin. ... Augusts KirhenÅ¡teins, formerly spelt KirchenÅ¡teins (b. ... Sergey Mironovich Kirov Sergey Mironovich Kirov (Russian: ) (March 15 O.S. = March 27 N.S., 1886â€“December 1, 1934) was a Russian revolutionary and high Bolshevik functionary. ... Alexandre KojÃ¨ve (Aleksandr VladimiroviÄ KoÅ¾evnikov) (April 28, 1902 - 1968) was a Marxist and Hegelian political philosopher, who had a substantial impact on intellectual life in France in the 1930s. ... Alexandra Mikhailovna Kollontai (Алекса́ндра Миха́йловна Коллонта́й — born Domontovich, Домонто́вич) (March 31 (March 19, O.S.), 1872 - March 9, 1952) was a Ukrainian Communist revolutionary, first as a member of the Mensheviks, then from 1914 on as a Bolshevik. ... Aleksey Nikolayevich Kosygin (Алексе́й Никола́евич Косы́гин) (1904 - December 18, 1980) was a politician and administrator in the Soviet Union. ... Leonid Kravchuk in Kiev, August 1992 Leonid Makarovych Kravchuk (Ukrainian: Ð›ÐµÐ¾Ð½Ñ–Ð´ ÐœÐ°ÐºÐ°Ñ€Ð¾Ð²Ð¸Ñ‡ ÐšÑ€Ð°Ð²Ñ‡ÑƒÐº born 10 January 1934) is a Ukrainian politician. ... Nikolai Nikolaevich Krestinsky (October 13, 1883 - March 15, 1938) was a Russian Bolshevik revolutionary and Soviet politician. ... Peter Kropotkin Prince Peter Alexeevich Kropotkin (In Russian ÐŸÑ‘Ñ‚Ñ€ ÐÐ»ÐµÐºÑÐµÌÐµÐ²Ð¸Ñ‡ ÐšÑ€Ð¾Ð¿Ð¾ÌÑ‚ÐºÐ¸Ð½) (December 9, 1842 - February 8, 1921) was one of Russias foremost anarchists and one of the first advocates of what he called anarchist communism: the model of society he advocated for most of his life was that of a communalist society... Nadezhda Krupskaya Nadezhda K. Krupskaya ( February 26, 1869 - February 27, 1939) was a Russian Marxist revolutionary. ... Nikolai Vasilyevich Krylenko (May 2, 1885, Bekhteevo (Ð‘ÐµÑ…Ñ‚ÐµÐµÐ²Ð¾), Smolensk region, Russian Empire â€“ July 29, 1938, Moscow) was a Bolshevik revolutionary and a Soviet politician. ... Vincas Kudirka in the 500 litas banknote Vincas Kudirka (PaeÅ¾eriai, 31 December (O.S. 19 December) 1858 - Naumiestis, 16 November (O.S. 4 November) 1899) was a Lithuanian poet and doctor, author of the Lithuanian national anthem, TautiÅ¡ka giesmÄ—. He begun by studying history and philosophy in Warsaw... Dinmukhamed Akhmedovich Kunayev (January 12, 1912 (December 31, 1911, old calendar) - August 22, 1993) was a Kazakh Soviet Communist political figure; secretary-general of the Kazakh Communist Party 1960-1962, 1964-1986. ... Lenin redirects here. ... Alexei Nikolaevich Leontev (Russian: ) (1903-1979), is the founder of activity theory. ... Maxim Litvinov Maxim Maksimovich Litvinov (ru: ÐœÐ°ÐºÑÐ¸ÌÐ¼ ÐœÐ°ÐºÑÐ¸ÌÐ¼Ð¾Ð²Ð¸Ñ‡ Ð›Ð¸Ñ‚Ð²Ð¸ÌÐ½Ð¾Ð²) (July 17, 1876â€“December 31, 1951) was a Russian revolutionary and prominent Soviet diplomat. ... Solomon Lozovsky was a Russian revolutionary of Jewish descent (born in 1878) and a prominent official in the Soviet government. ... Aleksandr Grigorevich Lukashenko or Alyaksandar Ryhoravich Lukashenka (Belarusian: , Russian: ) (born August 30, 1954 at Kopys, Vitebsk voblast) has been the President of Belarus since 1994. ... Anatoli Lunacharsky (November 23 [November 11, Old Style], 1875 - December 26, Russian communist. ... Alexander Romanovich Luria ÐÐ»ÐµÐºÑÐ°Ð½Ð´Ñ€ Ð Ð¾Ð¼Ð°Ð½Ð¾Ð²Ð¸Ñ‡ Ð›ÑƒÑ€Ð¸Ñ (July 16, 1902-1977) was a famous Russian neuropsychologist. ... Anton Semyonovich Makarenko (1888–1939) was a Russian educator. ... Nestor Makhno in 1909 Nestor Ivanovich Makhno (October 27, 1889 â€“ July 25, 1934) was an anarcho-communist Ukrainian revolutionary who refused to align with the Bolsheviks after the October Revolution. ... Georgy Malenkov Georgy Maximilianovich Malenkov (Гео́ргий Максимилиа́нович Маленко́в) (GHYOR-ghee mah-leen-KOF) (January 13 [January 8, Old Style], 1902 - January 14, 1988) was a Soviet politician and Communist Party leader, and a close collaborator of Joseph Stalin. ... Missak Manouchian (Armenian: Õ„Õ«Õ½Õ¡Ö„ Õ„Õ¡Õ¶Õ¸Ö‚Õ·ÕµÕ¡Õ¶; September 1, 1906, Adyaman, in Ottoman-ruled Armeniaâ€”February 21, 1944, Fort Mont-ValÃ©rien) was an Armenian-French communist militant in the Francs-Tireurs et Partisans de la Main dOeuvre ImmigrÃ©e (FTP-MOI) and the Resistance movement. ... Nikolay Yakovlevich Marr (1864-1934) was a controversial Soviet scholar whose monogenetic theory of language constituted the officially approved ideology of Soviet linguists until 1950, when Joseph Stalin personally slammed it as anti-scientific. ... Julius Martov Julius Martov or L. Martov (ÐœÐ°ÌÑ€Ñ‚Ð¾Ð², real name Yuli Osipovich Zederbaum (Russian Ð®ÌÐ»Ð¸Ð¹ ÐžÌÑÐ¸Ð¿Ð¾Ð²Ð¸Ñ‡ Ð¦ÐµÐ´ÐµÑ€Ð±Ð°ÌÑƒÐ¼)) (November 24, 1873-April 4, 1923) was born in Constantinople in 1873. ... Absamat Masaliyevich Masaliyev (Абсамат Масалиевич Масалиев) (April 10, 1933, Alysh, Osh oblast, Kirghiz SSR — July 31, 2004, Bishkek) was the leader of the Kirghiz Soviet Socialist Republic before it gained independence, and led the Party of Communists of Kyrgyzstan after the collapse of the Soviet Union. ... Piotr Masherov Piotr Mironovich Masherov (Belarusian: ; Russian: ), February 26 [O.S. February 13] 1918 - October 4, 1980) was the secretary of Belarusian committee of the Communist Party of Soviet Union. ... Portrait of Vladimir Mayakovsky Vladimir Vladimirovich Mayakovsky (Ð’Ð»Ð°Ð´Ð¸ÌÐ¼Ð¸Ñ€ Ð’Ð»Ð°Ð´Ð¸ÌÐ¼Ð¸Ñ€Ð¾Ð²Ð¸Ñ‡ ÐœÐ°ÑÐºÐ¾ÌÐ²ÑÐºÐ¸Ð¹) (July 7 (O.S.) July 19 (N.S.), 1893 â€“ April 14, 1930) was among the foremost representatives for the poetic futurism of early 20th century Tsarist Russia and the Soviet Union. ... Anastas Mikoyan Anastas Ivanovich Mikoyan (Ô±Õ¶Õ¡Õ½Õ¿Õ¡Õ½ Õ€Õ¸Õ¾Õ°Õ¡Õ¶Õ¶Õ¥Õ½Õ« Õ„Õ«Õ¯Õ¸ÕµÕ¡Õ¶ in Armenian; ÐÐ½Ð°ÑÑ‚Ð°ÌÑ Ð˜Ð²Ð°ÌÐ½Ð¾Ð²Ð¸Ñ‡ ÐœÐ¸ÐºÐ¾ÑÌÐ½ in Russian) (November 25, 1895 - October 21, 1978) was an Old Bolshevik and Soviet statesman during the Stalin and Khrushchev years. ... Vyacheslav Molotov Vyacheslav Mikhailovich Molotov (Russian: ) (March 9 [O.S. February 25] 1890 â€“November 8, 1986), Soviet politician and diplomat, was a leading figure in the Soviet government from the 1920s, when he rose to power as a protege of Joseph Stalin, to the 1950s, when he was dismissed from... Oleksandr Moroz. ... Ayaz Niyazi Olgy Mutalibov (or Ayaz Niyaziyevich Mutalibov) (born 1938) was an Azerbaijan Communist political figure. ... Ramon Nabiai (Ð Ð°Ñ…Ð¼Ð¾Ð½ ÐÐ°Ð±Ð¸ÐµÐ²; born 1930 â€“ died 1993) was the second president of Tajikistan and the instigator of the countrys civil war. ... Nariman Kerbalay Nadzhaf ogly Narimanov (April 2, 1870, Tiflis - March 19, 1925, Moscow) was an Azerbaijani revolutionary, writer, publicist, politician and statesman. ... Maria Nikiforova was an anarchist partisan leader, who exercised a substantial influence upon Makhno, the Ukrainian revolutionary, from the very beginning of their acquaintance. ... Grigoriy Konstantinovich Ordzhonikidze (Russian:Ð“Ñ€Ð¸Ð³Ð¾Ñ€Ð¸Ð¹ ÐšÐ¾Ð½ÑÑ‚Ð°Ð½Ñ‚Ð¸Ð½Ð¾Ð²Ð¸Ñ‡ ÐžÑ€Ð´Ð¶Ð¾Ð½Ð¸ÐºÐ¸Ð´Ð·Ðµ), generally known as Sergo Ordzhonikidze (Ð¡ÐµÑ€Ð³Ð¾) (October 12, 1886 - February 18, 1937) was a member of the Politburo, and close friend to Stalin. ... Justas Paleckis (1899 - 1980) was a Lithuanian journalist and politician. ... Jumber Patiashvili (b. ... ArvÄ«ds PelÅ¡e (Russian: ; February 7 (O.S. January 26) 1899 â€“ May 29, 1983, Moscow) was a Soviet Latvian politician. ... Symon Petlyura (Симон Петлюра; also spelt Simon, Semen, Semyen Petliura or Petlura, May 10, 1879 – May 25, 1926) was a Ukrainian politician. ... G. V. Plekhanov Georgi Valentinovich Plekhanov (Ð“ÐµÐ¾Ñ€Ð³Ð¸Ð¹ Ð’Ð°Ð»ÐµÐ½Ñ‚Ð¸Ð½Ð¾Ð²Ð¸Ñ‡ ÐŸÐ»ÐµÑ…Ð°Ð½Ð¾Ð²) (December 11, 1856 â€“ May 30, 1918; Old Style: November 29, 1856 â€“ May 17, 1918) was a Russian revolutionary and a Marxist theoretician. ... Nikolay Viktorovich Podgorny (Никола́й Ви́кторович Подго́рный) (February 18, 1903–January 12, 1983) was a politician and President of the USSR from 1965 to 1977. ... Mikhail Nikolayevich Pokrovsky (August 29, 1868 - April 10, 1932) was a Bolshevik Russian historian, who was held in highest repute under Lenin and Stalin. ... Pyatakov Georgy (Yury) Leonidovich Pyatakov (August 6, 1890â€“1937) was a Bolshevik revolutionary leader in Russia, and member of the Left Opposition. ... Karl Bernhardovich Radek (October 31, 1885 - May 19, 1939) was a Bolshevik and an international Communist leader. ... Dr. Christian Georgievich Rakovsky (ÐšÑ€Ð¸ÑÑ‚Ð¸ÑÐ½ Ð“ÐµÐ¾Ñ€Ð³Ð¸ÐµÐ²Ð¸Ñ‡ Ð Ð°ÐºÐ¾Ð²ÑÐºÐ¸; ÐšÑ€ÑŠÑÑ‚ÑŒÐ¾ Ð Ð°ÐºÐ¾Ð²ÑÐºÐ¸ - Krastyo Rakovski in Bulgarian or, in Romanian spelling, Cristian Racovschi; August 13 (August 1, Old Style), 1873 - September 11, 1941) was a socialist revolutionary, a Bolshevik politician and a Soviet diplomat. ... Sharaf Rashidovich Rashidov (Russian: ; 6 November (O.S. 24 November) 1917-31 October 1983) Born in the year of the Russian Revolution to â€œpoor peasant stockâ€ in Jizzakh, Uzbek SSR in the Soviet Union, Sharaf Rashidovich Rashidov worked as a teacher, journalist and editor for a Samarkand newspaper. ... August Rei August Rei (22 March 1886 - 29 March 1963) was an Estonian politician. ... David Riazanov (David Borissovitch Goldenbach; Odessa March 10, 1870 - 1938) was a Russian Marxist and Marxologue. ... Roman Rosdolsky was an important Marxian scholar and political activist. ... Yan Ernestovich Rudzutak (Latvian Janis Rudzutaks, Russian Ð¯Ð½ ÐÑ€Ð½ÐµÑÑ‚Ð¾Ð²Ð¸Ñ‡ Ð ÑƒÐ´Ð·ÑƒÑ‚Ð°Ðº, August 3, 1887-July 29, 1938) was a Bolshevik revolutionary and Soviet politician. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Alexei Rykov Alexei Ivanovich Rykov (February 25 (February 13, Old Style), 1881 - March 15, 1938) was a Russian revolutionary and Soviet politician. ... Nikolai Ivanovich Ryzhkov ÐÐ¸ÐºÐ¾Ð»Ð°Ð¹ Ð˜Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¾Ð²Ð¸Ñ‡ Ð Ñ‹Ð¶ÐºÐ¾Ð² (September 28, 1929-) was a Soviet official and, after the breakup of the Soviet Union, a Russian politician. ... Valery Mikhailovich Sablin (Russian: ) (1939 - August 3, 1976) was a Soviet Navy officer and a member of the Communist Party. ... Leon Lvovich Sedov (Russian: Ð›ÐµÐ² Ð›ÑŒÐ²Ð¾Ð²Ð¸Ñ‡ Ð¡ÐµÐ´Ð¾Ð²; February 1906 - February 16, 1938) was the son of the Russian Communist leader Leon Trotsky and his second wife Natalia Sedova. ... Natalia Sedova Natalia Sedova (1882-1962) is best known as the second wife of Leon Trotsky, the Russian revolutionary. ... Vladimir Yefimovich Semichastny (Russian: Ð’Ð»Ð°Ð´Ð¸Ð¼Ð¸Ñ€ Ð•Ñ„Ð¸Ð¼Ð¾Ð²Ð¸Ñ‡ Ð¡ÐµÐ¼Ð¸Ñ‡Ð°ÑÑ‚Ð½Ñ‹Ð¹, January 15, 1924-January 12, 2001) was the head of the KGB from November 1961 to April 1967. ... Victor Lvovich Kibalchich (Ð’.Ð›. ÐšÐ¸Ð±Ð°Ð»ÑŒÑ‡Ð¸Ñ‡) (1890-1947) (better known as Victor Serge) was born in Brussels, the son of Russian Narodnik exiles. ... Stepan Shaumyan (? 1878 - 20 September 1918) was an Armenian politician and revolutionary. ... Volodymyr Vasylyovych Shcherbytsky (Ukrainian: , Russian: ) (1918 - 1990) was a Ukrainian and Soviet politician. ... Eduard Amvrosiyevich Shevardnadze (Georgian: ედუარდ შევარდნაძე, Russian: Эдуа́рд Амвро́сьевич Шевардна́дзе; pronounced ed-oo-ard am-vro-see-ye-vitch she-va-rd-nad-zuh) (born 25 January 1928) is a Georgian politician. ... Alexander Gavrilovich Shlyapnikov (in Russian, Александр Гаврилович Шляпников) (1885-1937) was a Russian communist. ... Stanislav Stanislavovich Shushkevich (Belarusian: Ð¡Ñ‚Ð°Ð½Ñ–ÑÐ»Ð°ÌÑž Ð¡Ñ‚Ð°Ð½Ñ–ÑÐ»Ð°ÌÐ²Ð°Ð²Ñ–Ñ‡ Ð¨ÑƒÑˆÐºÐµÌÐ²Ñ–Ñ‡; StanisÅ‚aÅ StanisÅ‚avaviÄ Å uÅ¡kieviÄ) (b. ... Matvey Ivanovich Skobelev (1885 - 1938) was a Russian revolutionary and politician. ... Antanas SnieÄkus (07 January 1903 (O.S. 25 December 1902)) in Bublelai village - 22 January 1974 in Druskininkai) was First Secretary of the Lithuanian Communist Party [LKP] between 08. ... Grigory Sokolnikov (1888 - 1939) was a Bolshevik, and a friend of Leon Trotsky. ... Stalin redirects here. ... Peter (or Pyotr) Berngardovich Struve (January 26, 1870, Perm - February 22, 1944, Paris) was a Russian political economist, philosopher and editor. ... PÄ“teris StuÄka, sometimes spelt Stuchka (b. ... Mikhail Suslov. ... Yakov Sverdlov Snow-covered statue of Sverdlov in Yekaterinburg Yakov Mikhaylovich Sverdlov (Russian: Ð¯ÌÐºÐ¾Ð² ÐœÐ¸Ñ…Ð°ÌÐ¹Ð»Ð¾Ð²Ð¸Ñ‡ Ð¡Ð²ÐµÌÑ€Ð´Ð»Ð¾Ð²), born Yankel Movshevich Sverdlov (Russian: Ð¯ÌÐ½ÐºÐµÐ»ÑŒ ÐœÐ¾Ð²ÑˆÐµÐ²Ð¸Ñ‡ Ð¡Ð²ÐµÑ€Ð´Ð»Ð¾Ð²); known under pseudonyms Andrey, Mikhalych, Max, Smirnov, Permyakov (May 22 (June 3 New Style) 1885 - March 16, 1919) was a Bolshevik party leader and an official of pre-Soviet Communist Russia. ... Simonenko presidential election poster 2004 Petro Mykolayovich Symonenko (Donetsk, August 1st, 1952) is the first secretary of the Communist Party of Ukraine. ... Nachman Syrkin or Nahman Syrkin (1868-1924) was a political theorist and founder of Labour Zionism. ... Nikolay Aleksandrovich Tikhonov (ru: ÐÐ¸ÐºÐ¾Ð»Ð°Ð¹ ÐÐ»ÐµÐºÑÐ°Ð½Ð´Ñ€Ð¾Ð²Ð¸Ñ‡ Ð¢Ð¸Ñ…Ð¾Ð½Ð¾Ð² ) (Kharkiv, May 14, 1905 â€“ Moscow, June 1, 1997) was the Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (or Premier of the Soviet Union) from 1980 to 1985. ... Count Lev Nikolayevich Tolstoy (Russian: , Lev NikolaeviÄ Tolstoj), commonly referred to in English as Leo Tolstoy, (September 9, 1828 â€“ November 20, 1910, N.S.; August 28, 1828 â€“ November 7, 1910, O.S.) was a Russian novelist, philosopher, Christian anarchist, pacifist, educational reformer, vegetarian, moral thinker and an influential member of... Mikhail Tomsky (1880-1936) was a factory worker, trade unionist and Bolshevik leader. ... (Russian: Ð›ÐµÐ² Ð”Ð°Ð²Ð¸Ð´Ð¾Ð²Ð¸Ñ‡ Ð¢Ñ€Ð¾Ñ†ÐºÐ¸Ð¹; also transliterated Leo, Lev, Trotskii, Trotski, Trotskij, Trockij and Trotzky) (November 7 [O.S. October 26] 1879 â€“ August 21, 1940), born Lev Davidovich Bronstein (Ð›ÐµÐ² Ð”Ð°Ð²Ð¸Ð´Ð¾Ð²Ð¸Ñ‡ Ð‘Ñ€Ð¾Ð½ÑˆÑ‚ÐµÐ¹Ð½), was a Bolshevik revolutionary and Marxist theorist. ... Irakli Tsereteli (also spelled Irakly Tsereteli) (Georgian: áƒ˜áƒ áƒáƒ™áƒšáƒ˜ áƒ¬áƒ”áƒ áƒ”áƒ—áƒ”áƒšáƒ˜) commonly known as Kaki Tsereteli (1881â€“1959) was a Georgian politician, one of the leaders of the Russian Social-Democratic Labour Party and the Georgian Mensheviks. ... Please wikify (format) this article as suggested in the Guide to layout and the Manual of Style. ... Marshal of the Soviet Union Mikhail Tukhachevsky Mikhail Nikolayevich Tukhachevsky (also spelled Tukhachevski, Tukhachevskii, Russian: Михаил Николаевич Тухачевский) (February 16, 1893 - June 12, 1937), Soviet military commander, was one of the most prominent victims of Stalins Great Purge of the late 1930s. ... Lesya Ukrainka Larysa Petrivna Kosach-Kvitka (Лариса Петрівна Косач-Квітка, February 23, 1871 – August 1, 1913) better known under her literary pseudonym Lesya Ukrainka (Леся Українка), was one of Ukraines best-known writers. ... Moisei Solomonovich Uritsky was a Bolshevik revolutionary leader whose assassination helped precipitate the Red Terror. ... Vaino VÃ¤ljas (b. ... This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ... Election poster 2004 Nataliya Vitrenko was a candidate in the 2004 Ukrainian presidential election, nominated by the Progressive Socialist Party of Ukraine, which she has chaired since 1996. ... Vladimir Nicolae Voronin (born May 25, 1941) is the current President of the Republic of Moldova. ... Marshal of the Soviet Union Kliment Voroshilov Kliment Yefremovich Voroshilov () (January 23, 1881 - December 2, 1969) was a Soviet military commander and politician. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Genrikh Yagoda Genrikh Grigorevich Yagoda (Ð“ÐµÐ½Ñ€Ð¸Ñ… Ð“Ñ€Ð¸Ð³Ð¾Ñ€ÑŒÐµÐ²Ð¸Ñ‡ Ð¯Ð³Ð¾Ð´Ð° in Russian, born Enon Gershonovish Yagoda) (1891, Nizhny Novgorod - March 15, 1938, Moscow) was the head of the Soviet secret police, the NKVD, from 1934 to 1936. ... Yezhov along Moscow-Volga channel. ... ... Vera Ivanovna Zasulich Vera Ivanovna Zasulich (July 27, 1849-May 8, 1919) (born August 8, New Style) was a Russian Marxist writer and revolutionary. ... Volodymyr Zatonsky (Vladimir Petrovich Zatonsky Russian: ) (July 27, 1888â€”July 29, 1938) was Soviet politician, Communist Party activist, member of the Ukrainian SSR Academy of Sciences (since 1929). ... Andrei Zhdanov Andrei Aleksandrovich Zhdanov (ÐÐ½Ð´Ñ€ÐµÌÐ¹ ÐÐ»ÐµÐºÑÐ°ÌÐ½Ð´Ñ€Ð¾Ð²Ð¸Ñ‡ Ð–Ð´Ð°ÌÐ½Ð¾Ð²) (February 26 [February 14, Old Style], 1896â€“August 31, 1948) was a Soviet politician and an ally of Joseph Stalin. ... Marshal of the Soviet Union Georgi Zhukov Georgy Konstantinovich Zhukov (Russian: Гео́ргий Константи́нович Жу́ков) (December 1, 1896 - June 18, 1974), Soviet military commander and politician, considered by many as one of the most successful field commanders of World War II. Prewar career Born into a peasant family in Strelkovka, Kaluga... Grigory Yevseevich Zinoviev (Григо́рий Евсе́евич Зино́вьев, real name Ovsel Gershon Aronov Radomyslsky (Радомысльский), also known as Hirsch Apfelbaum), (September 23 [September 11, Old Style], 1883 - August 25, 1936) was a Bolshevik revolutionary and a Soviet Communist politician. ... Zyuganov on a November 7 rally Gennady Andreyevich Zyuganov or Guennady Ziuganov (Russian: ) (born 26 June 1944) is a Russian politician, and head of the Communist Party of the Russian Federation (since 1993), a member of Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe (since 1996). ...

Yugoslavia and successor states

Category: Articles lacking sources BoÅ¾idar AdÅ¾ija (December 24th, 1890 - July 9th, 1941) was a Croatian and Yugoslav left-wing politician and publicist. ... Mahmut Bakalli (19 January 1936, Gjakova - 14 April 2006, Pristina) was a Kosova Albanian politician. ... Vladimir BakariÄ‡ (8 March 1912-16 January 1983) was Chairman of the Croatian League of Communists from 1948 to 1969. ... DÅ¾emal BijediÄ‡ (ÐÐµÐ¼Ð°Ð» Ð‘Ð¸Ñ˜ÐµÐ´Ð¸Ñ›) (born April 22, 1917, Mostar â€“ died January 18, 1977) was a Yugoslav Communist leader from Bosnia and Herzegovina. ... Momir BulatoviÄ‡ (born September 21, 1956) is a former President of Montenegro and Prime Minister of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. ... Rodoljub ÄŒolakoviÄ‡ (1900 - 1983) was a Bosnian (and Yugoslav) politician. ... Savka DabÄeviÄ‡-KuÄar was a Croatian and Yugoslav politician. ... Peko DapÄeviÄ‡ (1913-1999) was a Montenegrin communist who fought in the Spanish Civil War, joined the Partisan uprising in Montenegro, and became commander of the First Army. ... Vlado DapÄeviÄ‡ Vladimir Vlado DapÄeviÄ‡ was a Yugoslav communist and founder of The Party of Work (Partija Rada), born 1917 in the village Ljubotinj in Montenegro, he attended Secondary school in Cetinje, where he was expelled because of organizing a student strike. ... Vladimir Dedijer (1914-1990) was an editor of the Yugoslav Communist Party newspaper Borba and member of the agitprop section to the General Staff during World War II. He later became a member of the partys Central Committee. ... Milovan Äilas or Djilas (1911-1995) was a Communist politician and theorist in Yugoslavia. ... Raif DizdareviÄ‡ (born 1926) was a Yugoslav politician of Bosniak ethnicity. ... Milo ÄukanoviÄ‡ (Serbian Cyrillic: ÐœÐ¸Ð»Ð¾ Ð‚ÑƒÐºÐ°Ð½Ð¾Ð²Ð¸Ñ›) (born February 15, 1962 in NikÅ¡iÄ‡, Montenegro, Yugoslavia) is the current Prime Minister of the republic of Montenegro. ... Kiro (Blagoje) Gligorov (ÐšÐ¸Ñ€Ð¾ Ð“Ð»Ð¸Ð³Ð¾Ñ€Ð¾Ð² in Macedonian) (born May 3, 1917 in Å tip) was the first president of the Republic of Macedonia, serving for two terms from January 27, 1991 to November 19, 1999. ... VeÄ‡eslav Holjevac (August 22nd, 1917 - July 11th, 1970) is Croatian and Yugoslav soldier and politician. ... General-colonel Arso R. JovanoviÄ‡ (Serbian Cyrillic: ÐÑ€ÑÐ¾ Ð . ÐˆÐ¾Ð²Ð°Ð½Ð¾Ð²Ð¸Ñ›) (1907 - 1948) was one of the foremost military commanders that participated in the Fight for National Liberation in Yugoslavia (as WWII is known there). ... Milan Kangrga (born: Zagreb, 1923) is a Croatian philosopher. ... Edvard Kardelj - Sperans (January 27, 1910 - February 10, 1979) was a Slovene prewar communist, politician, statesman and publicist. ... Otokar KerÅ¡ovani (February 23rd, 1902 - July 9th, 1941) is Croatian and Yugoslav journalist and left-wing politician. ... Boris KidriÄ (1912-1953) was a leading Slovenian communist who, with Edvard Kardelj, organized the partisan uprising in Slovenia in 1941. ... Lazar Kolisevski (Lazar Kolishevski) (1914â€“2000) was a Communist political leader in Macedonia closely allied with Tito. ... Rade KonÄar (b. ... Sergej Kraigher (May 30, 1914â€“January 17, 2001) was a Slovenian politician. ... Miroslav KrleÅ¾a (July 7, 1893 - December 29, 1981) was, arguably, the greatest Croatian writer of the 20th century. ... Milan KuÄan (January 14, 1941 - ) is a Slovene politician and statesman. ... Mihailo MarkoviÄ‡ Mihailo MarkoviÄ‡ (born 24 February 1927, Belgrade) is a Serbian philosopher. ... Mirjana MarkoviÄ‡ Mirjana MarkoviÄ‡ (born 10 July 1942, PoÅ¾arevac) is the leader of the Yugoslav Left political party (JUL or ÐˆÐ£Ð› is the Serbian acronym). ... Svetozar MarkoviÄ‡ Svetozar MarkoviÄ‡ or in Serbian Cyrillic Ð¡Ð²ÐµÑ‚Ð¾Ð·Ð°Ñ€ ÐœÐ°Ñ€ÐºÐ¾Ð²Ð¸Ñ› (September 1846 â€“ February 26, 1875) was an influential Serbian politician. ... Branko MikuliÄ‡ Branko MikuliÄ‡ was a president of Bosnia and Herzegovina during 1970s and one of the leading Bosnian politicians during the communist rule in former Yugoslavia. ... Slobodan MiloÅ¡eviÄ‡ Slobodan Sloba MiloÅ¡eviÄ‡ (IPA Serbian Cyrillic: Ð¡Ð»Ð¾Ð±Ð¾Ð´Ð°Ð½ ÐœÐ¸Ð»Ð¾ÑˆÐµÐ²Ð¸Ñ›) (20 August 1941 â€“ 11 March 2006) was President of Serbia and of Yugoslavia. ... MiloÅ¡ MiniÄ‡ (born August 28, 1914 in Preljina near ÄŒaÄak; died September 5, 2003 in Belgrade) was a Serbian communist politician. ... Dr. Lazar Mojsov (born December 19, 1920 in Negotino, Republic of Macedonia) was a Yugoslavian/Macedonian journalist, politician and diplomat. ... Vladimir Nazor (born 1876 in Postira, BraÄ â€” died 1949 in Zagreb) was a Croatian writer, poet and translator. ... Pijade bust MoÅ¡e Pijade (1890-1957) was a prominent Yugoslav Communist of Serbian Jewish origin, and a close collaborator of Josip Broz Tito, former President of Yugoslavia. ... Milka Planinc (born 1924 in Croatia) was a Communist Federal Prime Minister of Yugoslavia from 1982 to 1986. ... KoÄa PopoviÄ‡ as SFRJ Minister of Foreign Affairs KoÄa PopoviÄ‡ (March 14, 1908 - October 20, 1992) was a communist volunteer in the Spanish Civil War, 1937-1939. ... Milentije PopoviÄ‡ (Serbian: ÐœÐ¸Ð»ÐµÐ½Ñ‚Ð¸Ñ˜Ðµ ÐŸÐ¾Ð¿Ð¾Ð²Ð¸Ñ›) (1913 - 1971) was a member of Communist Party of Yugoslavia (KPJ) since 1939. ... Hamdija Pozderac (pronounced: hamdiya pozdÄ›ratz) (January 15, 1924- April 7, 1988) was a Bosnian politician and the president of Bosnia and Herzegovina from 1971 - 1974. ... Ognjen Prica (November 28th, 1899 - July 9th, 1941) is Croatian and Yugoslav left-wing politician. ... Ivica RaÄan, former Prime Minister of Croatia Ivica RaÄan (born February 24, 1944) is a Croatian left-wing politician, formerly the Prime Minister of Croatia. ... Marko RankoviÄ‡ RankoviÄ‡, Tito and Äilas Aleksandar Leka RankoviÄ‡ (Serbian: ÐÐ»ÐµÐºÑÐ°Ð½Ð´Ð°Ñ€ Ð›ÐµÐºÐ° Ð Ð°Ð½ÐºÐ¾Ð²Ð¸Ñ›) (1909-1983) was a leading Yugoslav Communist of Serbian origin. ... Ivan Ribar and Tito during World War II Ivan Ribar (1881-1968), was a Yugoslav politician of Croatian descent. ... Ivan StamboliÄ‡ (1936-2000) was a Communist Party of Yugoslavia official and the President of Serbia in the 1980s who was later victim of an assassination. ... Stipe Å uvar was a Croatian sociologist and politician. ... Portrait of Tito by Paja JovanoviÄ‡ Josip Broz Tito (Bosnian & Croatian: Josip Broz Tito; Serbian: ÐˆÐ¾ÑÐ¸Ð¿ Ð‘Ñ€Ð¾Ð· Ð¢Ð¸Ñ‚Ð¾, May 7, (originally May 25th on the official birth certificate) 1892 â€“ May 4, 1980) was the leader of Yugoslavia between the end of World War II and his death in 1980. ... Zdravko Tomac is Yugoslav (later Croatian) politician. ... Ante Miko Tripalo was a Croatian and Yugoslav politician. ... Vladimir Velebit Vladimir Velebit (1907â€“2004) was a Croatian communist who joined the Partisans in 1941. ... Veljko VlahoviÄ‡ (1914-1975) was a Montenegrin member of the Yugoslav Communist Party from 1935. ... Azem Vllasi (born ?; surname also sometimes spelled Vlasi) was a Albanian. ... Svetozar VukmanoviÄ‡-Tempo (1912-2000 ) A leading Montenegrin communist and member of the Central Commitee. ... Sreten Å½ujoviÄ‡ (Ð¡Ñ€ÐµÑ‚ÐµÐ½ Ð–ÑƒÑ˜Ð¾Ð²Ð¸Ñ›) (1899 - 1976) was a Serbian veteran of World War I and long-time communist. ...

Contents

Albania GA_googleFillSlot("encyclopedia_square");