This is a list of state leaders, showing heads of state and heads of government where different, mainly in parliamentary systems; it should be noted that often a leader is both in presidential systems or dictatorships. Some states have semi-presidential systems where the head of government role is fulfilled by both the listed head of government and the head of state. Queen Elizabeth II, is the Head of State of 16 countries including: the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, Jamaica, New Zealand and the Bahamas, as well as crown colonies and overseas territories of the United Kingdom. ... The Head of Government is the chief officer of the executive branch of a government, often presiding over a cabinet. ... A parliamentary system, also known as parliamentarianism (and parliamentarism in U.S. English), is distinguished by the executive branch of government being dependent on the direct or indirect support of the parliament, often expressed through a vote of confidence. ... A presidential system, also called a congressional system, is a system of government where the executive branch exists and presides (hence the term) separate from the legislature, to which it is not accountable, and which cannot in normal circumstances dismiss it. ... Forms of government Part of the Politics series Politics Portal This box:      A dictatorship is an autocratic form of government in which the government is ruled by a dictator. ... States with semi-presidential systems are shown in yellow The semi-presidential system is a system of government in which a prime minister and a president are both active participants in the day-to-day functioning of the administration of a country. ...

List of state leaders

State	Government	Head of state	Head of government
Afghanistan	presidential republic	President Hamid Karzai
Albania	parliamentary republic	President Alfred Moisiu	Prime Minister Sali Berisha
Algeria	semi-presidential republic	President Abdelaziz Bouteflika	Prime Minister Abdelaziz Belkhadem
Andorra	parliamentary monarchy	Co-Princes Joan Enric Vives Sicília (represented by Nemesi Marqués Oste) and Jacques Chirac (represented by Philippe Massoni)	Head of Government Albert Pintat
Angola	presidential republic	President José Eduardo dos Santos	Prime Minister Fernando da Piedade Dias dos Santos
Antigua and Barbuda	parliamentary monarchy1	Queen Elizabeth II, represented by Governor-General Sir James Carlisle	Prime Minister Baldwin Spencer
Argentina	presidential republic	President Néstor Kirchner
Armenia	presidential republic	President Robert Kocharian	Prime Minister Serzh Sargsyan
Australia	parliamentary monarchy1	Queen Elizabeth II, represented by Governor-General Michael Jeffery	Prime Minister John Howard
Austria	parliamentary republic	President Heinz Fischer	Chancellor Alfred Gusenbauer
Azerbaijan	presidential republic	President İlham Aliyev	Prime Minister Artur Rasizade
Bahamas, The	parliamentary monarchy1	Queen Elizabeth II, represented by Governor-General Arthur Dion Hanna	Prime Minister Hubert Ingraham
Bahrain	semi-constitutional monarchy	King Hamad ibn Isa Al Khalifa	Prime Minister Sheikh Khalifa ibn Salman Al Khalifa
Bangladesh	parliamentary republic	President Iajuddin Ahmed	Chief Adviser Fakhruddin Ahmed
Barbados	parliamentary monarchy1	Queen Elizabeth II, represented by Governor-General Sir Clifford Husbands	Prime Minister Owen Arthur
Belarus	presidential republic	President Aleksandr Lukashenko	Prime Minister Sergey Sidorsky
Belgium	parliamentary monarchy	King Albert II	Prime Minister Guy Verhofstadt
Belize	parliamentary monarchy1	Queen Elizabeth II, represented by Governor-General Sir Colville Young	Prime Minister Said Musa
Benin	presidential republic	President Yayi Boni
Bhutan	absolute monarchy	Dragon King Jigme Khesar Namgyal Wangchuck	Prime Minister Lyonpo Khandu Wangchuk
Bolivia	presidential republic	President Evo Morales
Bosnia and Herzegovina	federal parliamentary representative democratic republic	Tripartite presidency3: Chairmen of the Presidency Nebojša Radmanović, Haris Silajdžić, Željko Komšić	Prime Minister Nikola Špirić
Botswana	presidential republic	President Festus Mogae
Brazil	presidential republic	President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva
Brunei	absolute monarchy	Sultan and Prime Minister Sir Hassanal Bolkiah
Bulgaria	parliamentary republic	President Georgi Parvanov	Prime Minister Sergey Stanishev
Burkina Faso	presidential republic	President Blaise Compaoré	Prime Minister Paramanga Ernest Yonli
Burundi	presidential republic	President Pierre Nkurunziza
Cambodia	parliamentary monarchy	King Norodom Sihamoni	Prime Minister Samdech Hun Sen
Cameroon	presidential republic	President Paul Biya	Prime Minister Ephraïm Inoni
Canada	parliamentary monarchy1	Queen Elizabeth II, represented by Governor General Michaëlle Jean	Prime Minister Stephen Harper
Cape Verde	semi-presidential republic	President Pedro Pires	Prime Minister José Maria Neves
Central African Republic	presidential republic	President François Bozizé	Prime Minister Élie Doté
Chad	presidential republic	President Idriss Déby	Prime Minister Delwa Kassiré Koumakoye
Chile	presidential republic	President Michelle Bachelet
China, People's Republic of	Communist Party-led republic	President Hu Jintao	Premier Wen Jiabao
Colombia	presidential republic	President Álvaro Uribe
Comoros	presidential republic	President Ahmed Abdallah Sambi
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	semi-presidential republic	President Joseph Kabila	Prime Minister Antoine Gizenga
Congo, Republic of the	presidential republic	President Denis Sassou-Nguesso
Costa Rica	presidential republic	President Óscar Arias
Côte d'Ivoire	presidential republic	President Laurent Gbagbo	Prime Minister Guillaume Soro
Croatia	parliamentary republic	President Stjepan Mesić	Prime Minister Ivo Sanader
Cuba	Socialist republic	President Fidel Castro (away from office) Raúl Castro (acting for Fidel)	Prime Minister Fidel Castro (away from office) Raúl Castro (acting for Fidel)
Cyprus	presidential republic	President Tassos Papadopoulos
Czech Republic	parliamentary republic	President Václav Klaus	Prime Minister Mirek Topolánek
Denmark	parliamentary monarchy	Queen Margrethe II	Prime Minister Anders Fogh Rasmussen
Djibouti	presidential republic	President Ismail Omar Guelleh	Prime Minister Dileita Mohamed Dileita
Dominica	parliamentary republic	President Nicholas Liverpool	Prime Minister Roosevelt Skerrit
Dominican Republic	presidential republic	President Leonel Fernández
East Timor	parliamentary republic	President Xanana Gusmão	Prime Minister José Ramos-Horta
Ecuador	presidential republic	President Rafael Correa
Egypt	presidential republic	President Hosni Mubarak	Prime Minister Ahmed Nazif
El Salvador	presidential republic	President Antonio Saca
Equatorial Guinea	presidential republic	President Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo	Prime Minister Ricardo Mangue Obama Nfubea
Eritrea	parliamentary republic	President Isaias Afewerki
Estonia	parliamentary republic	President Toomas Hendrik Ilves	Prime Minister Andrus Ansip
Ethiopia	parliamentary republic	President Girma Wolde-Giorgis	Prime Minister Meles Zenawi
Fiji	military dictatorship	President Ratu Josefa Iloilo	Interim Prime Minister Frank Bainimarama
Finland	semi-presidential republic	President Tarja Halonen	Prime Minister Matti Vanhanen
France	semi-presidential republic	President Jacques Chirac	Prime Minister Dominique de Villepin
Gabon	presidential republic	President Omar Bongo	Prime Minister Jean Eyeghe Ndong
Gambia, The	presidential republic	President Yahya Jammeh
Georgia	presidential republic	President Mikhail Saakashvili	Prime Minister Zurab Noghaideli
Germany	parliamentary republic	President Horst Köhler	Chancellor Angela Merkel
Ghana	presidential republic	President John Kufuor
Greece	parliamentary republic	President Karolos Papoulias	Prime Minister Kostas Karamanlis
Grenada	parliamentary monarchy1	Queen Elizabeth II, represented by Governor-General Sir Daniel Williams	Prime Minister Keith Mitchell
Guatemala	presidential republic	President Óscar Berger
Guinea	presidential republic	President Lansana Conté	Prime Minister Lansana Kouyate
Guinea-Bissau	presidential republic	President João Bernardo Vieira	Prime Minister Martinho Ndafa Kabi
Guyana	presidential republic	President Bharrat Jagdeo	Prime Minister Sam Hinds
Haiti	presidential republic	President René Préval	Prime Minister Jacques-Édouard Alexis
Honduras	presidential republic	President Manuel Zelaya
Hungary	parliamentary republic	President László Sólyom	Prime Minister Ferenc Gyurcsány
Iceland	parliamentary republic	President Ólafur Ragnar Grímsson	Prime Minister Geir Haarde
India	parliamentary republic	President Abdul Kalam	Prime Minister Manmohan Singh
Indonesia	presidential republic	President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono
Iran	presidential republic under theocratic tutelage	Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei; President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad
Iraq	parliamentary republic	President Jalal Talabani	Prime Minister Nouri al-Maliki
Ireland	parliamentary republic	President Mary McAleese	Taoiseach Bertie Ahern
Israel	parliamentary republic	President Moshe Katsav (away from office) Dalia Itzik (interim)	Prime Minister Ehud Olmert
Italy	parliamentary republic	President Giorgio Napolitano	Prime Minister Romano Prodi
Jamaica	parliamentary monarchy1	Queen Elizabeth II, represented by Governor-General Kenneth Hall	Prime Minister Portia Simpson Miller
Japan	parliamentary monarchy	Emperor Akihito5	Prime Minister Shinzo Abe
Jordan	semi-constitutional monarchy	King Abdullah II	Prime Minister Marouf al-Bakhit
Kazakhstan	presidential republic	President Nursultan Nazarbayev	Prime Minister Karim Masimov
Kenya	presidential republic	President Mwai Kibaki
Kiribati	presidential republic	President Anote Tong
Korea, North	Communist Party-led republic	Eternal President2 (the late) Kim Il-sung; Chairman of the National Defence Commission Kim Jong-il (regarded as "highest administrative authority"); Head of State for Foreign Affairs as Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme People's Assembly Kim Yong-nam	Premier Kim Yong-il
Korea, South	presidential republic	President Roh Moo Hyun	Prime Minister of South Korea Han Duck-soo
Kuwait	semi-constitutional monarchy	Emir Sabah Al-Ahmad Al-Jaber Al-Sabah	Prime Minister Nasser Al-Mohammed Al-Ahmed Al-Sabah
Kyrgyzstan	presidential republic	President Kurmanbek Bakiyev	Prime Minister Almazbek Atambayev
Laos	Communist Party-led republic	President Choummaly Sayasone	Prime Minister Bouasone Bouphavanh
Latvia	parliamentary republic	President Vaira Vīķe-Freiberga	Prime Minister Aigars Kalvītis
Lebanon	semi-presidential confessional republic	President Émile Lahoud	Prime Minister Fouad Siniora
Lesotho	parliamentary monarchy	King Letsie III	Prime Minister Pakalitha Mosisili
Liberia	presidential republic	President Ellen Johnson-Sirleaf
Libya	jamahiriya	President Zentani Muhammad az-Zentani (official head of state); Leader of the Revolution Muammar al-Qaddafi (de facto head of state)	Prime Minister Baghdadi Mahmudi
Liechtenstein	semi-constitutional monarchy	Sovereign Prince Hans-Adam II; Prince-Regent Alois	Head of Government Otmar Hasler
Lithuania	parliamentary republic	President Valdas Adamkus	Prime Minister Gediminas Kirkilas
Luxembourg	parliamentary monarchy	Grand Duke Henri	Prime Minister Jean-Claude Juncker
Macedonia, Republic of	semi-presidential republic	President Branko Crvenkovski	Prime Minister Nikola Gruevski
Madagascar	presidential republic	President Marc Ravalomanana	Prime Minister Charles Rabemananjara
Malawi	presidential republic	President Bingu wa Mutharika
Malaysia	parliamentary monarchy	Yang di-Pertuan Agong Mizan Zainal Abidin	Prime Minister Dato' Seri Abdullah Ahmad Badawi
Maldives	presidential republic	President