This article provides a collection of the etymology of the names of subnational entities. This page generally only deals with regions and provinces; cities and other localities and features may appear listed under the individual country, with a link below. Etymology is the study of the origins of words. ... A name is a verbal label for a thing, person, place, product (as in a brand name) and even an idea or concept, normally used to distinguish one from another. ... Subnational entity is a generic term for an administrative region within a country — on an arbitrary level below that of the sovereign state — typically with a local government encompassing multiple municipalities, counties, or provinces with a certain degree of autonomy in a varying number of matters. ...

Australia

• Victoria and Queensland - both named in honour of Queen Victoria
• New South Wales - named after southern Wales by Captain Cook
• Tasmania - named after Abel Tasman; originally named by Tasman as Van Diemen's Land.

Emblems: Pink heath (floral) helmeted honeyeater (bird) Leadbeaters possum (faunal) Motto: Peace and Prosperity Slogan or Nickname: Garden State, The Place To Be, On The Move Other Australian states and territories Capital Melbourne Government Governor Premier Const. ... Emblems: Faunal - Koala (Phascolarctos cinereus); Floral - Cooktown orchid (Dendrobium bigibbum); Bird - Brolga (Grus rubicunda); Aquatic - Barrier Reef Anemonefish (Amphiprion akindynos); Gem - Sapphire; Colour - Maroon Motto: Audax at Fidelis (Bold but Faithful) Slogan or Nickname: Sunshine State, Smart State Other Australian states and territories Capital Brisbane Government Const. ... Victoria (Alexandrina Victoria) (24 May 1819 – 22 January 1901) was the Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland from 20 June 1837, and the first Empress of India from January 1, 1877, until her death in 1901. ... Emblems: Floral - Waratah (Telopea Speciosissima); Bird - Kookaburra (Dacelo Gigas); Animal - Platypus (Ornithorhynchus Anatinus); Fish - Blue Groper (Achoerodus Viridis) Motto: Orta Recens Quam Pura Nites (Newly Risen, How Brightly You Shine) Slogan or Nickname: First State, Premier State Other Australian states and territories Capital Sydney Government Const. ... National motto: Cymru am byth (Welsh: Wales for ever) Waless location relative to most of the British Isles (other parts of the UK shown on the map are in pink). ... British explorer James Cook is most noted for having discovered Australia and Hawaii. ... Emblems: Flora - Tasmanian Blue Gum; Fauna - none Motto: Ubertas et Fidelitas (Fertility and Faithfulness) Slogan or Nickname: The Apple Isle Other Australian states and territories Capital Hobart Government Const. ... Portrait of Tasman (detail from the family portrait). ...

Austria

• Carinthia, German Kärnten: derived from the early medieval (tribal?) state Karantania (German Karantanien); a suggested etymology references a Celtic term for "stone" or "crag", while tradition holds that the name means "land of friends"
• Lower Austria, German Nieder-Österreich: the lower part (lower in height) of the original territory of Austria ('the eastern country'), as opposed to Upper Austria; also called Österreich unter der Enns 'Austria below the (river) Enns'
• Salzburg: after the city of Salzburg (literally "salt castle"), which takes its name from the salt mines that existed there during the Middle Ages
• Styria, German Steiermark: after the castle of Steyr; in the high Middle Ages, it formed a march of the Holy Roman Empire, hence -mark
• Tyrol, German Tirol, Italian Tirolo: after the castle of Tirol near Meran
• Upper Austria, German Ober-Österreich: the upper (physically higher) part of the original territory of Austria, as opposed to Lower Austria; also called Österreich ob der Enns 'Austria above the (river) Enns'
• Vienna, German Wien: from Celtic Vindobona (vindo "white" + bona "foundation, fort")
• Vorarlberg, literally "in front of the Arlberg", takes its name from the Arlberg, a mountain (German: Berg) characterised by Arle, a local German term for "mountain pine".

Carinthia (German Kärnten) is an Austrian state or Land, located in the south of Austria. ... Karantania sometimes Carantania, Carentania, Carinthia (in old Slovenian onomastics Korotan, or Karantanija) was a Slavic principality that developed in the 6th century and was centered on the territory of contemporary Carinthia. ... Map of Lower Austria showing districts and the four quarters (Waldviertel in green, Weinviertel in red, Mostviertel in yellow and Industrieviertel in blue) Lower Austria (de: Niederösterreich) is one of the nine states or Bundesländer in Austria. ... Salzburg (area 7154 sq. ... Flag of Salzburg Salzburg (population 145,000 in 2005) is a city in western Austria and the capital of the federal state of Salzburg (population 520,000 in 2003). ... A salt mine is an operation involved in the extraction of salt. ... Styria redirects here. ... Quayside at Enns river Steyr is a town (population 39,495 as of 2001) in the Austrian federal state of Upper Austria, located at the confluence of the rivers Steyr and Enns. ... Mark or march (or various plural forms of these words) are derived from the Frankish word marka (boundary) and refer to an area along a border, e. ... The Holy Roman Empire and from the 16th century on also The Holy Roman Empire of the German Nation was a political conglomeration of lands in Central Europe in the Middle Ages and the early modern period. ... The Tyrol is a historical region in Western Central Europe, which includes the Austrian state of Tyrol (consisting of North Tyrol and East Tyrol) and the Italian regions known as the South Tyrol and Trentino. ... Meran (German) / Merano (Italian) is probably best known as a spa in Trentino-South Tyrol, Italy. ... Upper Austria (Ober sterreich) is one of the nine federal states or Bundesl nder of Austria. ... Vienna (German: Wien ; Bosnian, Croatian, and Serbian: Beč, Czech: Vídeň, Hungarian: Bécs, Greek: Βιέννη, Romanian: Viena, Romani: Bech or Vidnya, Russian: Вена, Slovak: Viedeň, Slovenian: Dunaj, Dutch: Wenen) is the capital of Austria, and also one of the nine States of Austria. ... Vorarlberg is the westernmost state (Land) of Austria. ... Translated from the German-language entry de:Arlberg. ... Binomial name Pinus mugo Turra Mountain Pine or Mugo Pine (Pinus mugo) is a high altitude European pine, found in the Pyrenees, Alps, Erzgebirge, Carpathians, northern Appennines and Balkan Peninsula mountains from (mostly) 1,000 m to 2,200 m, occasionally as low as 200 m in the north of...

Belgium

• Brussels, Dutch Brussel, French Bruxelles (the capital city, outside any province; also Belgium's third region): medieval Dutch broek 'bog' + zele (in many place names in the Low Countries) 'habitation using thatching'
• Flanders, Dutch Vlaanderen, French Flandre(s): plural of a terrain type; extended from the historical county (about half lost to French and Dutch neighbours; the rest roughly made up two administrative provinces, East Flanders and West Flanders; in French les Flandres, plural) to the whole Dutch-speaking, majority part of Belgium (French la Flandre, singular)
• Liège – Etymology is disputed. It is possible that the name Liège has the same origin as the ancient name of Paris, i.e. Lutetia; the German form, Lüttich, suggests this. Liège and Lutetia would both derive from Latin lucotætia, "marsh" or "mud". It is also suggested the names derive from Latin Lætica, "colony", or Leudica, "free". Another origin forwarded is the Latin Leudica, "public place", from which the Walloon Lîdje is derived, and thence Liège. It should be noted that the name was written Liége (with an acute accent) until the 1950s.
• Wallonia, French Wallonie: from the (Romanized (Germano-)Celtic, now Francophone) Walloon people, as in many European countries, so named by Germanic neighbours; meaning: 'strangers'

Map showing the location of Brussels in Belgium Brussels City Hall Emblem of the Brussels-Capital Region Flag of The City of Brussels Brussels (Dutch: Brussel, pronounced ; French: Bruxelles, pronounced in Belgian French and often by non-Belgian speakers of French; German: Brüssel) is the capital of Belgium, the... Flanders (Dutch: Vlaanderen) has several main meanings: the social, political and cultural community of the Flemings, through its social and political organizations, its media, universities, ... ; some prefer to call this the Flemish community, other refers to this as the Flemish nation; a constituent governing institution of the federal Belgian... Liège (Dutch: Luik, German: Lüttich; before 1946, the citys name was written Liége, with the acute accent) is a major city located in the Belgian province of Liège, of which it is the capital. ... City flag City coat of arms Motto: Fluctuat nec mergitur Tossed by the waves, she does not founder Coordinates : , Time Zone : CET (GMT +1) Administration Subdivisions 20 arrondissements Département Paris (75) Région ÃŽle-de-France Mayor Bertrand Delanoë (PS) City (commune) Characteristics Land Area 86. ... Lutetia (sometimes Lutetia Parisiorum or Lucotecia, in French Lutèce) was a town in pre-Roman and Roman Gaul. ... Latin was the language originally spoken in the region around Rome called Latium. ... Walloon (Walon) is a regional Romance language spoken as a second language by some in Belgium. ... Wallonia (French: Wallonie, German: Wallonien, Walloon: Walonreye, Dutch: Wallonië) or the Walloon Region (French: Région Wallonne, Dutch: Waals Gewest) is the predominantly French-speaking region that constitutes one of the three federal regions of Belgium, with its capital at Namur. ...

Canada

Provinces and territories

See Canadian provincial name etymologies

This page lists the etymologies of the names of the Provinces and territories of Canada. ...

Regions

• Acadia (French Acadie) – Origin disputed:

1. Credited to Italian navigator Giovanni da Verrazano, who first named a region around Chesapeake Bay Archadia (Arcadia) in 1524 because of "the beauty of its trees", according to his diary. Cartographers began using the name Arcadia to refer to areas progressively farther north until it referred to the French holdings in maritime Canada (particularly Nova Scotia). The -r- also began to disappear from the name on early maps, resulting in the current Acadia. [1]
2. Possibly derived from the Mi'kmaq word akatik, pronounced roughly "akatie", meaning "place", which was rendered into French as -cadie in place names such as Shubenacadie and Tracadie, possibly coincidentally. [2]

• Nunatsiavut – Inuktitut, meaning "our beautiful land". [3]

The national flag of Acadia, adopted in 1884. ... A navigator is the person onboard a ship responsible for the navigation of the vessel. ... Giovanni da Verrazzano (c. ... Arcadia or Arkadía (Greek Αρκαδία; see also List of traditional Greek place names) is a region of Greece in the Peloponnesus. ... Motto: Munit Haec et Altera Vincit (Latin: One defends and the other conquers) Official languages None (English,French,Gaelic) Flower Trailing arbutus Capital Halifax Largest city Halifax Lieutenant-Governor Myra Freeman Premier Rodney MacDonald (PC) Parliamentary representation  - House seat  - Senate seats 11 10 Area Total  - Land  - Water    (% of total)  Ranked... The Mikmaq language (also spelled Míkmaq, Migmaq, and Micmac) is an Eastern Algonquian language spoken by around 7,300 Mikmaq in Canada, and another 1,200 in United States, out of a total ethnic Mikmaq population of roughly 20,000. ... Shubenacadie is a community located in Hants County, in central Nova Scotia, Canada. ... Tracadie-Sheila is a town in New Brunswick, Canada with a population in 2001 of 4,724. ... Capital Hopedale (legislative) Nain (administrative) Area Total Recognized 142,450 km² 72,520 km² Nunatsiavut (Inuktitut: ᓄᓇᑦᓯᐊᕗᑦ) is an area claimed by the Inuit in Canada (not to be confused with the territory Nunavut). ... Note: This page contains phonetic information presented in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) using Unicode. ...

China

People's Republic of China

Most of the names of the modern administrative regions appeared as coinages in the Ming Dynasty and in the Qing Dynasty in ancient China. The Republic of China (ruling all of China from 1911 to 1949) and the People's Republic of China (ruling most of China after 1949) inherited most of them, and each made modifications and innovations. This list only includes the subnational entities under the effective control of the People's Republic of China. Due to Chinas large population and area, the political divisions of China have always consisted of several levels since ancient times. ... The Míng Dynasty (Chinese: 明朝; Pinyin: Míng Cháo) was the ruling dynasty of China from 1368 to 1644. ... The Qing Dynasty (Chinese: 清朝; Pinyin: QÄ«ng cháo; Wade-Giles: Ching chao; Manchu: daicing gurun), sometimes known as the Manchu Dynasty, was a dynasty founded by the Manchu clan Aisin Gioro, in what is today northeast China, expanded into China and the surrounding territories, establishing the Empire... The history of China is detailed by historical records dating as far back as 16th century BC. China is one of the worlds oldest continuous civilizations. ... Motto: None Anthem: National Anthem of the Republic of China Capital Taipei City (de facto) Nanjing (de jure)1 Largest city Taipei City Official language(s) Mandarin (GuóyÇ”) Government Semi-presidential system  - President Chen Shui-bian  - Vice President Annette Lu  - Premier Su Tseng-chang Establishment Xinhai Revolution   - Declared October... The highlighted area in the map is what is commonly known as mainland China. Mainland China (Simplified Chinese: 中国大陆; Traditional Chinese: 中國大陸; pinyin: Zhōnggúo Dàlù; literally The Chinese Massive Landmass or Continental China) is an informal (disputed — see talk page) geographical term which is usually synonymous with the area...

• Anhui - Anqing + Huizhou (Huangshan)
• Beijing - "northern capital"
• Chongqing - "double celebration"
• Fujian - Fuzhou + Jian'ou
• Gansu - Ganzhou (Zhangye) + Suzhou (Jiuquan)
• Guangdong - Guangzhou + east (Dong)
• Guangxi - Guangzhou + west (Xi)
• Guizhou - after Mount Gui
• Hainan - "south of the ocean"
• Hebei - "north of the River (Huang He)"
• Heilongjiang - "black dragon river" (Amur)
• Henan - "south of the River (Huang He)"
• Hong Kong - "incense harbour" or "fragrance harbour"
• Hubei - "north of the lake (Lake Dongting)"
• Hunan - "south of the lake (Lake Dongting)"
• Jiangsu - Jiangning (Nanjing) + Suzhou
• Jiangxi - from "Jiangnanxi", meaning "western part of the region south of the Yangtze River"
• Jilin - Manchu name for "by the river"
• Liaoning - "Liao tranquil"; the region traditionally bore the name of "Liao"
• Ningxia - "tranquil Xia," "Western Xia" was a Tangut state in the region during 1032-1227
• Qinghai - "green/blue sea" (after Lake Qinghai)
• Shaanxi - "west of Shan (陝) (a mountain pass region in China between modern Henan and Shaanxi)"
• Shandong - "east of the mountains (Taihang Mountains)"
• Shanxi - "west of the mountains (Taihang Mountains)"
• Sichuan - literally "four-rivers", after the four circuits (provinces) in the region during the Song Dynasty. Before then, the region simply had the name Chuan ("rivers") for its many rivers
• Tianjin - "river ford of the emperor (literally 'sky')"
• Xizang (Tibet) - either "Zang of the west" or "western Zang"; Zang (the Tibetan nationality) comes from Tsang, a name for central-southern Tibet
• Xinjiang - "new frontier"
• Yunnan - "south of the clouds, or Yunling ("mountains of the clouds")"
• Zhejiang - old name of the Qiantang River

Anhui (Chinese: 安徽; Hanyu Pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: An-hui; Postal System Pinyin: Ngan-hui, Anhwei or An-hwei) is a province of the Peoples Republic of China. ... Anqing (Simplified Chinese: 安庆; Pinyin: is a prefecture-level city in southwestern Anhui province, Peoples Republic of China. ... Huangshan (Chinese: 黄山; Pinyin: Huángshān), is a prefecture-level city centered around the Huangshan Mountains in southern Anhui province, Peoples Republic of China. ... Beijing (Chinese: ; pinyin: BÄ›ijÄ«ng; ; IPA: ), a city in northern China (formerly spelled in English as Peking or Peiking), is the capital of the Peoples Republic of China (PRC). ... Chongqing (Simplified Chinese: 重庆; Traditional Chinese: 重慶; pinyin: Chóngqìng; Wade-Giles: Chung-ching; Postal System Pinyin: Chungking) is the largest and most populous of the Peoples Republic of Chinas four provincial-level municipalities, and the only one in the less densely populated western half of China. ... (Chinese: 福建; Pinyin: Fújiàn; Wade-Giles: Fu-chien; Postal System Pinyin: Fukien, Foukien; local transliteration Hokkien from Min Nan Hok-kiàn) is one of the provinces on the southeast coast of China. ... Fuzhou (Chinese: 福州; Hanyu Pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Fu-chou; EFEO: Fou-Tcheou; SLC: Hùk-cieu; also seen as Foochow or Fuchow) is the provincial seat and the largest prefecture-level city of Fujian province, Peoples Republic of China. ... Jianou (建瓯; pinyin: Jiànōu) is a county-level city with more than 100,000 inhabitants in the Fujian province of the Peoples Republic of China. ... Gansu (Simplified Chinese: 甘肃; Traditional Chinese: 甘肅; Hanyu Pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Kan-su, Kansu, or Kan-suh) is a province located in the northwest of the Peoples Republic of China. ... Zhangye (simplified Chinese: 张掖; pinyin: Zhāngyì) is a prefecture-level city in Chinas Gansu province. ... Jiuquan (酒泉) is a city with several hundredthousand inhabitants in the western part of the Chinese province Gansu. ... Guangdong (Simplified Chinese: 广东; Traditional Chinese: 廣東; Pinyin: GuÇŽngdōng; Wade-Giles: Kuang-tung; Postal System Pinyin: Kwangtung or Canton Province, Jyutping: gwong2 dung1), is a province on the south coast of the Peoples Republic of China. ... Location within China Canton, China redirects here. ... Guangxi (Zhuang: Gvangjsih; old orthography: ; Simplified Chinese: 广西; Traditional Chinese: 廣西; Pinyin: GuÇŽngxÄ«; Wade-Giles: Kuang-hsi; Postal System Pinyin: Kwangsi), full name Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region (Zhuang: Gvangjsih Bouxcuengh Swcigih; old orthography: ; Simplified Chinese: 广西壮族自治区; Traditional Chinese: 廣西壯族自治區; Pinyin: GuÇŽngxÄ« Zhuàngzú ZìzhìqÅ«) is a Zhuang autonomous region of... Location within China Canton, China redirects here. ... Guizhou (Simplified Chinese: 贵州; Traditional Chinese: è²´å·ž; Hanyu Pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Kuei-chou; also spelled Kweichow) is a province of the Peoples Republic of China located in the southwestern part of the country. ... Hainan (Chinese: 海南; Hanyu Pinyin: ) is a province of the Peoples Republic of China, located at the southern end of the country. ... Hebei (Chinese: 河北; pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Ho-pei; Postal System Pinyin: Hopeh) is a northern province of the Peoples Republic of China. ... For other Yellow Rivers, see Yellow River (disambiguation). ... Heilongjiang (Simplified Chinese: 黑龙江省; Traditional Chinese: 黑龍江省; Hanyu Pinyin: ; Postal System Pinyin: Heilungkiang) is a province of the Peoples Republic of China located in the northeastern part of the country. ... The Amur River (Russian: Амур; Simplified Chinese: 黑龙江; Traditional Chinese: 黑龍江; Hanyu Pinyin: , or Black Dragon River; Mongolian: Хара-Мурэн, Khara-Muren or Black River; Manchu: Sahaliyan Ula, literal meaning Black River) is one of the world’s ten longest rivers, forming the border between the Russian Far East and Manchuria in China. ... Henan (Chinese: 河南; Hanyu Pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Ho-nan), is a province of the Peoples Republic of China, located in the central part of the country. ... For other Yellow Rivers, see Yellow River (disambiguation). ... Incense is a preparation of aromatic plant matter, often with the addition of essential oils extracted from plant or animal sources, intended to release fragrant smoke for religious, therapeutic, or aesthetic purposes as it smolders. ... A harbor (or harbour) or haven is a place where ships may shelter from the weather or are stored. ... Odor receptors on the antennae of a Luna moth An odor is the object of perception of the sense of olfaction. ... Hubei (Chinese: 湖北; Hanyu Pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Hu-pei; Postal System Pinyin: Hupeh) is a central province of the Peoples Republic of China. ... Lake Dongting (Also the Dong Lake, 洞庭湖; Pinyin: dòng tíng hú; Wade-Giles: Tung-ting Hu) is a large, shallow lake in northeastern Hunan Province of China. ... Hunan (Chinese: 湖南; Hanyu Pinyin: ) is a province of China, located in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River and south of Lake Dongting (hence the name Hunan, meaning south of the lake). Hunan is sometimes called 湘 (pinyin: Xiāng) for short, after the Xiang River which runs through the province. ... Lake Dongting (Also the Dong Lake, 洞庭湖; Pinyin: dòng tíng hú; Wade-Giles: Tung-ting Hu) is a large, shallow lake in northeastern Hunan Province of China. ... Jiangsu (Simplified Chinese: 江苏; Traditional Chinese: 江蘇; Hanyu Pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Chiang-su; Postal System Pinyin: Kiangsu) is a province of the Peoples Republic of China, located along the east coast of the country. ... Nanjing (Chinese: 南京 [ ]; Romanizations: NánjÄ«ng (Pinyin) , Nan-ching (Wade-Giles), Nanking (Postal System Pinyin) ) is the capital of Chinas Jiangsu Province and a city with a prominent place in Chinese history and culture. ... Suzhou (Simplified Chinese: 苏州; Traditional Chinese: 蘇州; pinyin: SÅ«zhōu; Wade-Giles: Su-chou; sometimes seen transliterated as Su-chow, Suchow, or Soochow) is a famous city on the lower reaches of the Yangtze River and on the shores of Lake Taihu in the province of Jiangsu, China. ... Jiangxi (Chinese: 江西; Hanyu Pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Chiang-hsi; Postal System Pinyin: Kiangsi) is a southern province of the Peoples Republic of China, spanning from the banks of the Yangtze River in the north into hillier areas in the south. ... Afternoon light on the jagged grey mountains rising from the Yangtze River gorge The Yangtze River or Chang Jiang is the longest river in Asia and the third longest in the world after the Nile in Africa and the Amazon in South America. ... Jilin (Chinese: 吉林; Hanyu Pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Chi-lin; Postal System Pinyin: Kirin), is a province of the Peoples Republic of China located in the northeastern part of the country. ... Liaoning (Simplified Chinese: 辽宁; Traditional Chinese: 遼寧; pinyin: ) is a northeastern province of the Peoples Republic of China. ... Ningxia (Simplified Chinese: 宁夏; Traditional Chinese: 寧夏; Pinyin: Níngxià; Wade-Giles: Ning-hsia; Postal Pinyin: Ningsia), full name Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region (Simplified Chinese: 宁夏回族自治区; Traditional Chinese: 寧夏回族自治區; Pinyin: Níngxià Huízú ZìzhìqÅ«), is a Hui autonomous region of the Peoples Republic of China, located on the northwest Loess... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... The Tangut, also known as the Western Xia were a Qiangic-Tibetan people who moved to the highlands of western Sichuan sometime before the 10th century AD. They spoke Tangut language a now-extinct Tibeto-Burman language. ... Events February 2 - Conrad II, Holy Roman Emperor, becomes King of Burgundy. ... Events Henry III of England declares himself of age and assumes power Births September 30 - Pope Nicholas IV Deaths March 18 - Pope Honorius III (b. ... Qinghai (Chinese: 青海; Hanyu Pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Ching-hai; Postal System Pinyin: Tsinghai; Tibetan: མཚོ་སྔོན་ mtsho-sngon; Mongolian: Köke Naγur; Manchu: Huhu Noor) is a province of the Peoples Republic of China, named after the enormous Qinghai Lake. ... Qinghai Lake (Chinese: 青海湖; pinyin: qīnghǎi hú; Mongolian: Koro Nor; Tibetan: Tso Ngonpo; the green-blue sea) is the largest and highest lake in China and is the second largest inland saltwater lake on Earth (after the Great Salt Lake in the United States). ... Shaanxi (Simplified Chinese: 陕西; Traditional Chinese: 陝西; Pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Shan-hsi; Postal System Pinyin: Shensi, pronounced like Shahn-shee) is a north-central province of the Peoples Republic of China, and includes portions of the Loess Plateau on the middle reaches of the Yellow River as well as the Qinling... Shandong (Simplified Chinese: 山东; Traditional Chinese: 山東; Hanyu Pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Shan-tung) is a coastal province of eastern Peoples Republic of China. ... The Taihang Mountains (太行山) are a mountain range running down the eastern edge of the Loess Plateau. ... Shanxi (Chinese: 山西; Hanyu Pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Shan-hsi; Postal System Pinyin: Shansi) is a province in the northern part of the Peoples Republic of China. ... The Taihang Mountains (太行山) are a mountain range running down the eastern edge of the Loess Plateau. ... (Chinese: 四川; Pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Ssu-ch`uan; Postal Pinyin: Szechwan and Szechuan) is a province in central-western China with its capital at Chengdu. ... Circuits in the common law In law, a circuit is an appellate judicial district commonly seen in the court systems of many nations. ... The Song Dynasty (Chinese: ) was a ruling dynasty in China from 960-1279. ... (Chinese: ; pinyin: TiānjÄ«n; Postal System Pinyin: Tientsin) is one of the four municipalities of the Peoples Republic of China. ... Xizang (西藏) is the Chinese name for either historic Tibet or the Tibet Autonomous Region. ... Tibet (older spelling Thibet; Tibetan: བོད་; Wylie: Bod; pronounced in the Lhasa dialect; Chinese: ; pinyin: XÄ«zàng or Simplified Chinese: 藏区; Traditional Chinese: 藏區; pinyin: ZàngqÅ« [the two names are used with different connotations; see Name section below]) is a region in Central Asia and the home of the Tibetan people. ... A Tibetan pilgrim The Tibetans speak the Tibetan language natively and form one of the 56 ethnic groups officially recognized by the Peoples Republic of China (PRC), although in anthropological terms they include more than one ethnic group. ... Xinjiang (Uyghur: (Shinjang); Chinese: æ–°ç–†; Pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Hsin1-chiang1; Postal Pinyin: Sinkiang), full name Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region (Uyghur: شىنجاڭ ئۇيغۇر ئاپتونوم رايونى (Shinjang Uyghur Aptonom Rayoni); Simplified Chinese: 新疆维吾尔自治区; Traditional Chinese: 新疆維吾爾自治區; Pinyin: XÄ«njiāng Wéiwúěr ZìzhìqÅ«), is an autonomous region of the Peoples Republic of China. ... Yunnan (Simplified Chinese: 云南; Traditional Chinese: 雲南; Hanyu pinyin: ) is a province of the Peoples Republic of China, located in the far southwestern corner of the country. ... Zhejiang (Chinese: 浙江; Hanyu Pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Che-chiang; Postal System Pinyin: Chehkiang or Chekiang) is an eastern coastal province of the Peoples Republic of China. ... -1...

Republic of China (Taiwan)

The Republic of China governed all the territory of China from 1911 to 1949, and retreated to Taiwan after the Chinese civil war (1927 - 1949). The list below includes only the subnational entities under the effective control of the Republic of China. Motto: None Anthem: National Anthem of the Republic of China Capital Taipei City (de facto) Nanjing (de jure)1 Largest city Taipei City Official language(s) Mandarin (GuóyÇ”) Government Semi-presidential system  - President Chen Shui-bian  - Vice President Annette Lu  - Premier Su Tseng-chang Establishment Xinhai Revolution   - Declared October... Combatants Chinese Nationalist Party Chinese Communist Party Commanders Chiang Kai-shek Mao Zedong Strength 3,600,000 circa June 1948 2,800,000 circa June 1948 The Chinese Civil War (Traditional Chinese: 國共内戰; Simplified Chinese: 国共内战; Pinyin: guógòng neìzhàn; literally Nationalist-Communist Civil War) was a conflict in...

• Hsinchu - "new bamboo" in Mandarin, named after a bamboo fortress
• Hualien - "lotus flower" in Mandarin
• Kaohsiung - "bamboo forest" in a Formosan language
• Miaoli - "plain" in a Formosan language, originally sounds like "pali" (貓裡)
• Penghu - "clashing-wave lakes" in Mandarin
• Taidong - "eastern Taiwan" in Mandarin
• Tainan - "southern Taiwan" in Mandarin
• Taipei - "northern Taiwan" in Mandarin
• Taoyuan - "peach orchard" in Mandarin

The main landmark of Hsinchu is its East Gate. ... Mandarin, or Beifanghua (Chinese: 北方話; Pinyin: BÄ›ifānghuà; literally Northern Dialect(s)), or Guanhua (Traditional Chinese: 官話; Simplified Chinese: 官话; Pinyin: Guānhuà; literally official speech) is a category of related Chinese dialects spoken across most of northern and southwestern China. ... Hualien City (Chinese: 花蓮市; pinyin: ; Wade-Giles: Hua-lien; POJ: Hoa-liân-chhÄ«) is the capital of Hualien County, Taiwan Province of the Republic of China. ... Mandarin, or Beifanghua (Chinese: 北方話; Pinyin: BÄ›ifānghuà; literally Northern Dialect(s)), or Guanhua (Traditional Chinese: 官話; Simplified Chinese: 官话; Pinyin: Guānhuà; literally official speech) is a category of related Chinese dialects spoken across most of northern and southwestern China. ... Abbreviation: Kaohsiung (高雄) City nickname: The Harbor City Capital District Linya Dist. ... The Formosan languages are a group of Austronesian languages spoken 2% of the population of Taiwan, almost exclusively aboriginals. ... Miaoli City (Chinese: 苗栗市; Pinyin: Miáolì Shì; Taiwanese POJ: Biâu-le̍k-chhÄ«) is the capital of Miaoli County, Taiwan. ... The Formosan languages are a group of Austronesian languages spoken 2% of the population of Taiwan, almost exclusively aboriginals. ... The Pescadores Islands (Chinese: 澎湖群島; Wade-Giles: Peng-hu; Pinyin: Pénghú, from Portuguese, fishermen) are an archipelago in the Taiwan Strait. ... Mandarin, or Beifanghua (Chinese: 北方話; Pinyin: BÄ›ifānghuà; literally Northern Dialect(s)), or Guanhua (Traditional Chinese: 官話; Simplified Chinese: 官话; Pinyin: Guānhuà; literally official speech) is a category of related Chinese dialects spoken across most of northern and southwestern China. ... Mandarin, or Beifanghua (Chinese: 北方話; Pinyin: BÄ›ifānghuà; literally Northern Dialect(s)), or Guanhua (Traditional Chinese: 官話; Simplified Chinese: 官话; Pinyin: Guānhuà; literally official speech) is a category of related Chinese dialects spoken across most of northern and southwestern China. ... Tainan is the name of a city and a county in southwestern Taiwan. ... Mandarin, or Beifanghua (Chinese: 北方話; Pinyin: BÄ›ifānghuà; literally Northern Dialect(s)), or Guanhua (Traditional Chinese: 官話; Simplified Chinese: 官话; Pinyin: Guānhuà; literally official speech) is a category of related Chinese dialects spoken across most of northern and southwestern China. ... City nickname: the City of Azaleas Government Official Website City of Taipei Mayor Ma Ying-jeou Capital District Xinyi Geographical characteristics Area  - Total  - % water Ranked 16 of 25 271. ... Mandarin, or Beifanghua (Chinese: 北方話; Pinyin: BÄ›ifānghuà; literally Northern Dialect(s)), or Guanhua (Traditional Chinese: 官話; Simplified Chinese: 官话; Pinyin: Guānhuà; literally official speech) is a category of related Chinese dialects spoken across most of northern and southwestern China. ... Taoyuan is names of places in China which are following: Taoyuan (桃园市、桃園市，pinyin:táo yuán shì) is a city located in Taiwan, see Taoyuan City Taoyuan (桃园县、桃園縣，pinyin:táo yuán xiàn) is a county in Taiwan, see Taoyuan County (Taiwan) Taoyuan (桃源县、桃源縣，pinyin:táo yuán xiàn) is... Mandarin, or Beifanghua (Chinese: 北方話; Pinyin: BÄ›ifānghuà; literally Northern Dialect(s)), or Guanhua (Traditional Chinese: 官話; Simplified Chinese: 官话; Pinyin: Guānhuà; literally official speech) is a category of related Chinese dialects spoken across most of northern and southwestern China. ...

Czech Republic

• Bohemia - from the Celtic tribe Boii, former inhabitants of the territory.
  • Czech Čechy
• Moravia (Czech Morava) - from the river "Morava"

Flag of Bohemia Bohemia (Czech: ; German: ) is a historical region in central Europe, occupying the western and middle thirds of the Czech Republic. ... A Celtic cross. ... A map of Gaul showing the relative position of the Boii tribe. ... Moravia in relation to the current kraje of the Czech Republic Moravia (Czech and Slovak: Morava, German: ( ), Hungarian: Morvaország, Polish: Morawy) is a historical region in the east of the Czech Republic. ... The Morava (as it is called in Czech and Slovak languages) or the March (as it is known in German) is a river located in Central Europe. ...

Denmark

• Bornholm: the Old Norse version of the name, Burgundarholm, suggests connections with the Burgundians
• Copenhagen (Danish: København) - a corruption of the original designation for the city, Købmandshavn, or "Merchants' Harbour" in Danish. It comes to English via the German Kopenhagen.
• Faeroe Islands (Danish: Færøerne, Faroese: Føroyar) - literally, "Sheep Islands", from their dense population of sheep
• Greenland (Danish: Grønland) - from Old Norse Grœnland, literally, "green land"; so named by Erik the Red to induce settlement there. Greenlandic-speakers use the name Kalaallit Nunaat, meaning "Land of the Greenlanders"
• Jutland (Danish: Jylland; German: Jütland) - name associated with the Jutes
• Zealand (Danish: Sjælland) - literally "seal-land", from the seals found on the coasts of the island

Bornholm is a Danish island in the Baltic Sea. ... This is the approximate extent of Old Norse and related languages in the early 10th century. ... The Burgundians or Burgundes were an East Germanic tribe which may have emigrated from mainland Scandinavia to the island of Bornholm, whose old form in Old Norse still was Burgundarholmr (the Island of the Burgundians), and from here to mainland Europe. ... Copenhagen (IPA: , rhyming with pagan (the way the Danes themselves pronounce the capitals name when saying it in English), or , with a as in spa; Danish IPA: ) is the capital of Denmark and the countrys largest city (metropolitan population 1,115,035 (2006)), at present made up of... Old Norse or Danish tongue is the Germanic language once spoken by the inhabitants of the Nordic countries (for instance during the Viking Age). ... Erik the Red (950–1003; Old Norse: Eiríkr rauði; Norwegian; Eirik Raude; sometimes Eric the Red), so-called because of his red hair and beard (perhaps even because of his bad temper), was the founder of the first Nordic settlement in Greenland. ... Jutland Peninsula Jutland (Danish: Jylland; German: Jütland; Frisian Jutlân; Low German Jötlann) is a peninsula in northern Europe that forms the only non-insular part of Denmark and also the northernmost part of Germany, dividing the North Sea from the Baltic Sea. ... Jutland peninsula The Jutes were a Germanic people who are believed to have originated from Jutland in modern Denmark and part of the Frisian coast. ... Zealand (Danish: Sjælland ) is the largest island of Denmark. ... subfamilies Otariidae Phocidae Odobenidae Pinnipeds are large marine mammals belonging to the Pinnipedia, a family (sometimes a suborder or superfamily, depending on the classification scheme) of the order Carnivora. ...

Finland

• Helsinki - from Old Norwegian Helsingfors (Helsing, a local tribe, plus fors meaning "waterfall")
• Ostrobothnia (or in Swedish: Österbotten) - "Eastern Bothnia"

Founded 1550 Province Southern Finland Region Uusimaa Sub-region Helsinki Area - Of which land - Rank 185. ... Ostrobothnia, Österbotten (literally East (of) Bottom / the Gulf of Bothnia) or Pohjanmaa (literally Bottom land / soil / ground), is a historical province to the north in Finland. ...

France

Note that most modern French départements take their names from local geographical features: usually rivers, occasionally mountain ranges or coasts. Thus most such names have a self-evident immediate origin: even non-speakers of French can deduce them with a minimum of geographical knowledge. The traditional provinces and regions (of any period) often bear names with more obscure and superficially richer histories. The départements (or departments) are administrative units of France, roughly analogous to British counties. ...

• Alsace - from Latin Alisatia, a Latinised form of the Germanic name that also yields Old High German El-sasz, allegedly meaning "foreign settlement"
• Artois - from Latin Atrebatensis, adjectival form derived the Belgic tribe Atrebates; the name of its main city Arras (Atrecht in Dutch) derives directly from the tribe's name Atrebates, so Artois properly means "territory of Arras"
• Brittany (Bretagne) - area occupied by refugee Britons from Roman Britain (Britannia) circa 500 AD
• Burgundy (Bourgogne) - part of the land settled by the East Germanic Burgundians, who possibly originated on the island now known as Bornholm
• Champagne - from the Latin campania (plain, open country, battlefield)
• Corsica (Corse) - possibly from the Phoenician Korsai, which means something like "forest-covered"
• Dauphiné - from the nickname and coat of arms of former ruler Guy VIII of Vienne: "dolphin"
• Franche-Comté - in French, literally the "Free County" of Burgundy (as opposed to the Duchy of Burgundy)
• Gascony (Gascogne) - from the Latin word Vasco, term used to label a Vascon (or Basque)
• Languedoc - the region speaking the langue d'oc (as opposed to the regions whose language (langue d'oïl) developed into modern French)
• Limousin - from an adjective referring to the local centre, Limoges
• Lorraine - from the Mediaeval Latin coining Lotharingia, meaning the lands granted as a kingdom in 855 AD to Lothair, son of the Holy Roman Emperor Lothair I
• Normandy (Normandie) - land settled by Viking Northmen in the early 10th century
• Provence - from Latin provincia (province), short for Provincia Narbonensis, the Roman province located in present-day southern France.
• Savoy - of unknown origin, but dating to the days of the Kingdom of Burgundy

Capital Strasbourg Land area¹ 8,280 km² Regional President Adrien Zeller (UMP) (since 1996) Population  - Jan. ... Latin is an ancient Indo-European language originally spoken in the region around Rome called Latium. ... Artois is a former province of northern France. ... Latin is an ancient Indo-European language originally spoken in the region around Rome called Latium. ... The Atrebates (meaning settlers) were a Belgic tribe of Gaul and Britain before the Roman conquests. ... Arras (Dutch: ) is a town and commune in northern France, préfecture (capital) of the Pas-de-Calais département. ... The Atrebates (meaning settlers) were a Belgic tribe of Gaul and Britain before the Roman conquests. ... Traditional coat of arms This article is about the historical kingdom, duchy and French province, as well as one of the Celtic Nations . ... Look up Briton in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Octavian, widely known as Augustus, founder of the Roman empire The Roman Empire was a phase of the ancient Roman civilization characterized by an autocratic form of government. ... Britannia, the British national personification. ... Coat of arms of the 2nd duchy of Burgundy and later of the French province of Burgundy Burgundy (French: Bourgogne) is a historic region of France, inhabited in turn by Pre-Indo-European people, Celts (Gauls), Romans (Gallo-Romans), and various Germanic peoples, most importantly the Burgundians and the Franks. ... The Burgundians or Burgundes were an East Germanic tribe which may have emigrated from mainland Scandinavia to the island of Bornholm, whose old form in Old Norse still was Burgundarholmr (the Island of the Burgundians), and from here to mainland Europe. ... Bornholm is a Danish island in the Baltic Sea. ... Champagne is one of the traditional provinces of France, a region of France that is best known for the production of the sparkling white wine that bears the regions name. ... Latin is an ancient Indo-European language originally spoken in the region around Rome called Latium. ... Capital Ajaccio Land area¹ 8,680 km² President of the Executive Council Ange Santini (UMP) (since 2004) Population   - Jan. ... Phoenician was a language originally spoken in the coastal region then called Phoenicia /Canaan (now Lebanon, coastal Syria and northern Israel ). Phoenician is a Semitic language of the Canaanite subgroup, closely related to Hebrew and Aramaic. ... Flag of the Dauphiné Dauphiné is a former province in southeastern France, roughly corresponding to the present départements of the Isère, Drôme, and Hautes-Alpes. ... A modern coat of arms is derived from the medi val practice of painting designs onto the shield and outer clothing of knights to enable them to be identified in battle, and later in tournaments. ... Capital Besançon Land area¹ 16,202 km² Regional President Raymond Forni (PS) (since 2004) Population  - Jan. ... A county is generally a sub-unit of regional self-government within a sovereign jurisdiction. ... Coat of arms of the 2nd duchy of Burgundy and later of the French province of Burgundy Burgundy (French: Bourgogne) is a historic region of France, inhabited in turn by Pre-Indo-European people, Celts (Gauls), Romans (Gallo-Romans), and various Germanic peoples, most importantly the Burgundians and the Franks. ... The Duchy of Burgundy, today Bourgogne, has its origin in the small portion of traditional lands of Burgundians west of river Saône which in 843 was allotted to Charles the Balds kingdom of West Franks. ... Gascony (French: Gascogne, pronounced  ; Gascon: Gasconha, pronounced ) is an area of southwest France that constituted a royal province prior to the French Revolution. ... Latin is an ancient Indo-European language originally spoken in the region around Rome called Latium. ... The Vascons (Latin : Vascones) were an ancient people who, before the arrival of the Romans, inhabited the region in what is now Spain, north of the Ebro river (present day Navarre). ... The Basques are an indigenous people who inhabit parts of Spain and France. ... Coat of arms of the province of Languedoc, now being used as an official flag by the Midi-Pyrénees region as well as by the city of Toulouse Languedoc (Lengadòc in Occitan) is a former province of France, now continued in the modern-day régions of Languedoc... Languedocien is a Romance language akin to Provençal spoken by some people in the part of southern France known as Languedoc. ... The langue doïl language family in linguistics comprises Romance languages originating in territories now occupied by northern France, part of Belgium and the Channel Islands. ... Capital Limoges Area 16,942 km² Regional President Jean-Paul Denanot Population  - 2004 estimate  - 1999 census  - Density 710,939 42/km² Arrondissements 8 Cantons 106 Communes 747 Départements Corrèze Creuse Haute-Vienne Limousin is a former province of France and now a region of France, around the city... Location within France Limoges (Limòtges in Occitan) is a city and commune in France, the préfecture of the Haute-Vienne département, and the administrative capital of the Limousin région. ... Capital Metz Land area¹ 23,547 km² Regional President Jean-Pierre Masseret (PS) (since 2004) Population  - Jan. ... Medieval Latin refers to the Latin used in the Middle Ages, primarily as a medium of scholarly exchange and as the liturgical language of the medieval Roman Catholic Church. ... Lotharingia (yellow), as established by the Treaty of Verdun, 843, and reduced by the Treaty of Mersen, 870 Lotharingia was a short-lived kingdom in western Europe, the aggregate of territories belonging to Lothair, King of Lotharingia (reigned 855–869), who received it in 855 from his father, Lothair I... Events Louis II succeeds Lothar as western emperor. ... Lothair (825 - August 8, 869), was the second son of the emperor Lothair I. On his fathers death in 855, he received for his kingdom a district lying west of the Rhine, between the North Sea and the Jura mountains, which was called Regnum Lotharii and early in the... Lothair I Lothair I (German: Lothar, French: Lothaire, Italian: Lotario) (795 – 2 March 855), king of Italy (818 – 855) and Holy Roman Emperor (840 – 855), was the eldest son of the emperor Louis the Pious and his wife Ermengarde of Hesbaye, daughter of Ingerman, duke of Hesbaye. ... Mont Saint Michel, one of the famous symbols of Normandy. ... The term Viking is used to denote the ship-borne explorers, traders and warriors who originated in Norway, Iceland, Denmark and Sweden and raided the coasts of the British Isles, France and other parts of Europe from the late 8th century to the 11th century. ... Provence is a former Roman province and is now a region of southeastern France, located on the Mediterranean Sea adjacent to Frances border with Italy. ... This article is about the historical region of Savoy. ... The following is a list of the Kings of Burgundy // Kings of the Burgundians The Burgundians had left Bornholm, ca 300, and settled near the Vistula. ...

Germany

• Baden-Württemberg - created by joining Baden and Württemberg. Baden: after the city of Baden-Baden, formerly Baden, the name became reduplicated to distinguish it from the state (as in "Baden in Baden"). The name means "baths", after the springs in the city. Württemberg: origin unknown; -berg means "mountain"
• Bavaria (German Bayern) - the state of Bavaria developed out of the tribe of the Baiuvarii, who probably gained their name from the land of Bohemia.
• Brandenburg - after the city of Brandenburg. The earlier Slavic name of the castle (Burg) of Brandenburg appears as Branibor ("Branim's forest").
• Hesse - after the tribe of the Chatti.
• Lower Saxony (German Niedersachsen) - after the tribe of the Saxons. "Lower Saxony" became differentiated in modern times from the state of Saxony to its southeast. The name reflects Lower Saxony's location in the lowlands of the North German Plain
• Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania (German) Mecklenburg-Vorpommern) - created by joining Mecklenburg with the western part of Pomerania, also called Hither Pomerania. Mecklenburg takes its name from a castle (Burg means "castle" in German); the meaning of the first part remains unclear. Pomerania comes from Slavic roots meaning "near the ocean"
• Munich (German München) - from German Mönch "monk"
• North Rhine-Westphalia (German Nordrhein-Westfalen) - created by joining the northern part of the Rhineland (after the River Rhine) with Westphalia. Westphalia formed the westernmost subdivision of the Saxon tribe; the origin of the second part (-falen in German) remains unknown.
• Prussia (German Preußen) - (at times historically connected with Germany or with parts thereof) - from the people known as the Prussians, a grouping of western Balt peoples whose collective name (German: Prussen or anciently Pruzzen) may possibly derive from an Indo-European root meaning "swamp": see Prussian people
• Rhineland-Palatinate (German Rheinland-Pfalz) - created by joining parts of the Rhineland (after the River Rhine) with the Rhenish Palatinate, formerly a Palatine county located near the Rhine, meaning that its count administered a palace of the Holy Roman Emperor. The word derives from Latin palatinus "imperial", from palatium "palace", after the location of the palace of the Roman Emperor Augustus on the Palatine Hill in Rome
• Saarland - after the Saar river
• Saxony (German Sachsen) - land of the Saxons (possibly the "sword-folk"). The state of Saxony developed out of the Saxon tribe, which principally inhabited present-day Lower Saxony; during the Middle ages and early modern times, the name migrated to the current location of the state of Saxony
• Saxony-Anhalt (German, Sachsen-Anhalt) - created by joining the Prussian Province of Saxony (named after the tribe of the Saxons) with Anhalt
• Schleswig-Holstein - created by joining Schleswig and Holstein. Schleswig takes its name from the City of Schleswig, which in turn derives its name from the Schlei bay and the Low German word wig for "trading place". The name "Holstein" comes from a Saxon subtribe named, in Latin, Holcetae
• Thuringia (German Thüringen) - after the tribe of the Thuringii

Baden-Württemberg is a federal state in southwestern Germany to the east of the Upper Rhine. ... For other uses, see Baden (disambiguation). ... Württemberg (often spelled Wurttemberg in English) refers to an area and a former state in Swabia, a region in south-western Germany. ... Baden-Baden, Baden-Württemberg, Germany Baden-Baden is a town in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. ... The Free State of Bavaria  (German: Freistaat Bayern), with an area of 70,553 km² (27,241 square miles) and 12. ... Bavarii was a large and powerful tribe which emerged late in Teutonic tribal times, in what is now the Czech Republic (Bohemia). ... Flag of Bohemia Bohemia (Czech: ; German: ) is a historical region in central Europe, occupying the western and middle thirds of the Czech Republic. ... Brandenburg (Lower Sorbian: Bramborska; Upper Sorbian: Braniborska) is one of Germanys sixteen Bundesländer (federal states) and lies in the east of the country. ... Brandenburg an der Havel is a town in the state of Brandenburg, Germany. ... The Slavic languages (also called Slavonic languages) comprise the languages of the Slavic peoples. ... Hesse (German: Hessen) is one of Germanys sixteen federal states (Bundesländer) and has an area of 21,110 km² and just over six million inhabitants. ... The Chatti (also Catti) were an ancient Germanic tribe settled in central and northern Hesse and southern Lower Saxony, along the upper reaches of the Weser river and in the valleys and mountains of the Eder, Fulda and Werra river regions, a district approximately corresponding to Hesse-Cassel, though probably... With an area of 47,618 km and nearly eight million inhabitants, Lower Saxony (German Niedersachsen) lies in north-western Germany and is second in area and fourth in population among the countrys sixteen Bundesl nder (federal states). ... Map showing the Saxons homeland in traditional region bounded by the three rivers: Weser, Eider, and Elbe Src: Freemans Historical Geographys. The Saxons or Saxon people are (nowadays) part of the German people with its main areas of settlements in the German States of Schleswig-Holstein, Lower Saxony, Saxony... The Free State of Saxony (German: Freistaat Sachsen; Sorbian: Swobodny Stata Sakska) is at a land area of 18,413 km² and a population of 4. ... The North German Plain is a lowland region extending from the North Sea and Baltic Sea southward to the uplands of central Germany. ... Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania (German: Mecklenburg-Vorpommern) is a Bundesland (federal state) in northern Germany. ... The coat of arms of Mecklenburg-Western-Pommerania Mecklenburg is a geographical area located in Northern Germany. ... Historic Pomerania (outlined in yellow) on the background of modern country borders. ...  Countries where a West Slavic language is the national language  Countries where an East Slavic language is the national language  Countries where a South Slavic language is the national language The Slavic languages (also called Slavonic languages), a group of closely related languages of the Slavic peoples and a subgroup... Munich (German: München, (pronounced listen) is the capital of the German Federal State of Bavaria (German: Freistaat Bayern). ... North Rhine-Westphalia (German: Nordrhein-Westfalen, usually shortened to: NRW) is - in population and economic output - the largest Federal State of Germany. ... The Rhineland (Rheinland in German) is the general name for the land on both sides of the river Rhine in the west of Germany, although some consider the lands to the east of the river culturally distinct, jovially referring to them as Schäl Sick; the bad or wrong side... Loreley At 1,320 kilometres (820 miles) and an average discharge of more than 2,000 cubic meters per second, the Rhine (Dutch Rijn, French Rhin, German Rhein, Italian: Reno, Romansch: Rein, ) is one of the longest and most important rivers in Europe. ... Westphalia (German: Westfalen) is a region in Germany, centred on the cities of Dortmund, Gelsenkirchen, Münster, Bielefeld, and Osnabrück and included in the states of North Rhine-Westphalia and Lower Saxony. ... Map showing the Saxons homeland in traditional region bounded by the three rivers: Weser, Eider, and Elbe Src: Freemans Historical Geographys. The Saxons or Saxon people are (nowadays) part of the German people with its main areas of settlements in the German States of Schleswig-Holstein, Lower Saxony, Saxony... Coat of Arms of the Kingdom of Prussia, 1701-1918 Prussia (German: ; Latin: Borussia, Prutenia; Lithuanian: ; Polish: ; Old Prussian: PrÅ«sa) was, most recently, a historic state originating in East Prussia, an area which for centuries had substantial influence on German and European history. ... The Prussian people, or (old) Prussians, were Indo-European Balts inhabiting the area around the Curonian and Vistula Lagoons (i. ... The Baltic Sea The Balts or Baltic peoples (Latvian: balti, Lithuanian: baltai), defined as speakers of one of the Baltic languages, a branch of the Indo-European language family, are descended from a group of Indo-European tribes who settled the area between lower Vistula and upper Dvina and Dneper. ... The Indo-European languages comprise a family of several hundred languages and dialects [1], including most of the major languages of Europe, as well as many in Southwest Asia, Central Asia and South Asia. ... The Prussians kill Adalbert The Prussian people, or (old) Prussians, inhabited the area around the Curonian and Vistula Lagoons, (in what is now northern Poland), in the region roughly occupied by the Mazurian Lakes. ... The Rhenish Palatinate (Rheinpfalz, sometimes Lower Palatinate or Niederpfalz) occupies rather more than a quarter of the German Bundesland (federal state) of Rhineland-Palatinate (Rheinland-Pfalz) and contains the towns of Ludwigshafen, Kaiserslautern, Neustadt an der Weinstrasse, Pirmasens, Landau and Speyer. ... The Rhineland (Rheinland in German) is the general name for the land on both sides of the river Rhine in the west of Germany, although some consider the lands to the east of the river culturally distinct, jovially referring to them as Schäl Sick; the bad or wrong side... Loreley At 1,320 kilometres (820 miles) and an average discharge of more than 2,000 cubic meters per second, the Rhine (Dutch Rijn, French Rhin, German Rhein, Italian: Reno, Romansch: Rein, ) is one of the longest and most important rivers in Europe. ... The Palatinate (German: Pfalz), historically also Rhenish Palatinate (German: Rheinpfalz), is a region in south-western Germany. ... See Palatine Hill for geography of Rome. ... The Holy Roman Emperor was, with some variation, the ruler of the Holy Roman Empire, the predecessor of modern Germany, during its existence from the 10th century until its collapse in 1806. ... Latin is an ancient Indo-European language originally spoken in the region around Rome called Latium. ... The famous statue of Octavian at the Prima Porta Caesar Augustus (Latin:IMP·CAESAR·DIVI·F·AVGVSTVS) ¹ (23 September 63 BC–19 August AD 14), known to modern historians as Octavian for the period of his life prior to 27 BC, is considered the first and one of the most... 17th century aviaries on the hill, built by Rainaldi for Odoardo Cardinal Farnese: once wirework cages surmounted them. ... This article is about the capital of Italy. ... Saarland is one of the 16 states of Germany. ... Saar loop at Mettlach The Saar (French: Sarre) is a river, that rises in the Vosges mountains in Alsace with two headstreams (Red and White Saar) at the Donon, running through Lorraine and the Saarland, which was named after it. ... The Free State of Saxony (German: Freistaat Sachsen; Sorbian: Swobodny Stata Sakska) is at a land area of 18,413 km² and a population of 4. ... Map showing the Saxons homeland in traditional region bounded by the three rivers: Weser, Eider, and Elbe Src: Freemans Historical Geographys. The Saxons or Saxon people are (nowadays) part of the German people with its main areas of settlements in the German States of Schleswig-Holstein, Lower Saxony, Saxony... With an area of 47,618 km and nearly eight million inhabitants, Lower Saxony (German Niedersachsen) lies in north-western Germany and is second in area and fourth in population among the countrys sixteen Bundesl nder (federal states). ... With an area of 20,447 km² and a population of 2. ... The Province of Saxony (German Provinz Sachsen) was a Prussian province between the Napoleonic Wars of 1815 and 1947. ... Map showing the Saxons homeland in traditional region bounded by the three rivers: Weser, Eider, and Elbe Src: Freemans Historical Geographys. The Saxons or Saxon people are (nowadays) part of the German people with its main areas of settlements in the German States of Schleswig-Holstein, Lower Saxony, Saxony... Anhalt is a historical region of Germany, which is now included in the state of Saxony-Anhalt. ... Schleswig-Holstein is the northernmost of the 16 Bundesländer in Germany. ... The region of Schleswig (former English name: Sleswick, Danish: Sønderjylland or Slesvig, Low German: Sleswig, North Frisian: Slaswik or Sleesweg) covers the area about 60 km north and 70 km south of the border between Germany and Denmark. ... Holstein (Hol-shtayn) (Low German: Holsteen, Danish: Holsten, Latin and historical English: Holsatia) is the southern part of Schleswig-Holstein in Germany, between the rivers Elbe and Eider. ... Schleswig coat of arms Schleswig is a town at the Schlei firth in the northeastern part of Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. ... Schlei near Kappeln The Schlei (German: Schlei, Danish: Slien) is a narrow inlet of the Baltic Sea in Schleswig-Holstein, northern Germany. ... Low German (also called Plattdeutsch, Plattdüütsch or Low Saxon, Old Saxon) is a name for the regional language varieties of the Low Germanic languages spoken mainly in northern Germany, and eastern Netherlands. ... This article does not cite its references or sources. ... The Free State of Thuringia (German: Freistaat Thüringen) lies in central Germany and is among the smaller of the countrys sixteen Bundesländer (federal states), being eleventh in size with an area of 16,200 km² and twelfth most populous with 2. ... The Thuringii were a tribe which appeared later than most in the highlands of central Germany, a region which still bears their name to this day -- Thuringia. ...

Greece (Hellas)

• Arcadia - from Arcas, the legendary eponymous leader of early Hellenic settlers
• Sparta - from Greek spartē, a cord or rope made from the shrub spartos, a type of broom

Arcadia or Arkadía (Greek Αρκαδία; see also List of traditional Greek place names) is a region of Greece in the Peloponnesus. ... In Greek mythology, Arcas (Αρκάς) was the son of Zeus and of the nymph Callisto, whom Hera turned into a bear. ... Sparta (Doric: Σπάρτα, Attic: Σπάρτη) is a city in southern Greece. ...

India

The element Pradesh appears in the names of many Indian states. It means "land" or "province" in Sanskrit. Sanskrit ( संस्कृतम् ; pronunciation: ) is an Indo-European classical language of India and a liturgical language of Hinduism, Buddhism, and Jainism. ...

• Andhra Pradesh: Land of the Andhras. Andhra also denotes "south" in Sanskrit - the equivalent of Australis in Latin.
• Arunachal Pradesh: In Sanskrit, aruna means "dawn-lit" and achal "mountains"
• Bihar - from vihara ("Buddhist monastery"). Foreign invaders often used abandoned viharas as military cantonments; the word Bihar may have come from the large number of viharas thus employed in the area that later became Bihar.
• Chandigarh - "Chandi's fort". No actual fort ever existed; a large Chandi temple "protected" the locals, hence the name. The goddess Chandi is a form of Kali or Parvati.

The neutrality of this article is disputed. Please see the discussion on the talk page.

• Chhattisgarh - "36 forts". Originally many-towns land of Dasarana (ten cities), which over time changed to Dahala and, after the Muslim conquest as the region atrophied with no connections to the rest of India, reverted to forest and to tribal ways^{[citation needed]}. The name Chhattisgarh preserves the memory of the many cities.
• Gujarat - Land of the "Gurjars", a "kshatriya" tribe or warrior-class.
• Haryana - The word "hari" means "green" in Hindi. The Green revolution reached its peak in the mid-1960s at the time of the setting up of this state. People of the area take pride in their bountiful agriculture, and caused the state to receive this name.
• Himachal Pradesh: In Sanskrit, hima means "snow" and achal "mountains" (referring to the Himalayas). Himanchal, Himachal, Himalaya, Himaratta, Himapradesh are all synonyms.
• Karnataka: from Karu + Naad = Karnaad, which means "lofty + land". "Karnatik", also spelt "Carnatic", the adjectival form of "Karnaad", means "of Karnaad". The term "Carnatic Music" also shares this etymology. Two other (probably erroneous) proposed etymologies suggest:
  • "Karnaad" as from "Kari + Naad", "kari" in Sanskrit meaning "elephant"; hence: "Land of Elephants";
  • Even more unlikely: "Karnaad" as "Kara + Naad", from "Kaaraa", the Turkic/Mongol/Urdu/Hindi word for "black", hence "Black Land". Champions of this etymology believe it refers to the black cotton soil of central Maharashtra, which however quickly turns red as one moves southward.

These latter two etymologies also share a common flaw in that they combine the Dravidian word "Naad" for "country" with Turkic "Kaaraa" or Sanskrit "Kari". Andhra Pradesh : (Telugu: ఆంధ్ర ప్రదేశ్, Urdu: آندھرا پردیش ), is a state in South India. ... Arunachal Pradesh (Hindi: अरुणाचल प्रदेश) is a state of India. ... Sanskrit ( संस्कृतम् ; pronunciation: ) is an Indo-European classical language of India and a liturgical language of Hinduism, Buddhism, and Jainism. ... For other uses, see Bihar (disambiguation). ... Chandigarh (Punjabi: , Hindi: ) also called The City Beautiful, is a city in India that serves as the capital of two states: Punjab and Haryana. ... This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ... This 14th century statue depicts Shiva (on the left) and Uma (on the right}. It is housed in the Smithsonian Institution in Washington, D.C. In Hinduism, Gowri or Dakshayani is the Goddess of marital felicity and longevity, who is worshipped particularly by ladies to seek the long life of... Image File history File links Unbalanced_scales. ... Chhattisgarh (Chhattisgarhi/Hindi: छत्तीसगढ़) , a state in central India, formed when the sixteen Chhattisgarhi speaking southeastern districts of Madhya Pradesh gained statehood on November 1, 2000. ... Gujarat (Gujarati: , , IPA ; also spelled Gujrat and sometimes Gujarath. ... Haryana (Hindi: ) is a state in north India. ... Hindi (हिन्दी or हिंदी in DevanāgarÄ«; pronunciation: ), an Indo-European language spoken mainly in Northern and Central India is the primary official language and the National language (sic) of the Union government of India. ... The Green Revolution is the increase in food production stemming from the improved strains of wheat, rice, maize and other cereals in the 1960s developed by Dr Norman Borlaug and others under the sponsorship of the Rockefeller Foundation and other organizations. ... Himachal Pradesh (Hindi: हिमाचल प्रदेश), formally the Punjab Hill States, is a mostly mountainous state in northwest India. ... Sanskrit ( संस्कृतम् ; pronunciation: ) is an Indo-European classical language of India and a liturgical language of Hinduism, Buddhism, and Jainism. ... Perspective view of the Himalaya and Mount Everest as seen from space looking south-south-east from over the Tibetan Plateau. ... Karnātakā (Kannada: ಕನಾ೯ಟಕ) (IPA: / /) is one of the four southern states of India. ... Sanskrit ( संस्कृतम् ; pronunciation: ) is an Indo-European classical language of India and a liturgical language of Hinduism, Buddhism, and Jainism. ... Genera and Species Elephantidae (the elephants) is a family of pachyderm, and the only remaining family in the order Proboscidea. ... Maharashtra (Devanagari: महाराष्ट्र, literally: Great Nation)( ) is Indias third largest state in terms of area and second largest in terms of population after Uttar Pradesh. ... Dravidian may refer to: Dravidian languages, including the Tamil, Telugu, Malayalam, and Kannada languages spoken especially in southern India and Sri Lanka. ...

• Kerala: from Kera meaning "coconut" in classical Tamil; hence, "Land of coconut trees".
• Kashmir: possibly derives from "Kashyapa's land". Mer means "mountain" in Sanskrit.
• Lakshadweep - "Hundred Thousand Islands". In Sanskrit, laksha means "a hundred thousand" and dweep means "island".
• Madhya Pradesh - "Middle Province"
• Maharashtra - "Great State". Maha means "great" or "big" (compare Latin and English 'major') and rashtra means "nation" or "state".
• Manipur - "Jeweled land"
• Pondicherry: Pudu + cheri from the Tamil words for "new" and "settlement" or "camp"
• Punjab - Persian for "five rivers"
• Rajasthan - Raja's land (-sthan) - Land of Kings
• Tamil Nadu - Tamil country (Nadu in the Tamil language means "country" or "homeland")
• Uttar Pradesh: in Sanskrit, uttar means "north", pradesh means "province"
• West Bengal: the word Bengal derives ultimately from Sanskrit Vanga, an area that currently falls largely in Bangladesh. Vanga stood in contradistinction to Rarha and to Varendra, the regions that actually form the present Indian state. Persian, Hindi and Bengali derived Bangâlah, Bangâl and Bânglâ, respectively, from the Sanskrit original. The British anglicised these words into Bengal, and this name came to denote the entire linguistic region. - The term West Bengal originated after the partition of Bengal province in 1905, when the administration set up the two separate provinces of West and East Bengal. The latter, after a period as East Pakistan (1955 - 1971), became the present country of Bangladesh.

Reference: [4] Kerala ( (Anglicised) or (native); Malayalam: േകരളം, — ) is a state on the tropical Malabar Coast of southwestern India. ... Tamil (தமிழ் ) is a classical language and one of the major languages of the Dravidian language family. ... Shown in green is the Kashmiri region under Pakistani administration. ... This article is about the Hindu god Kasyapa. ... Sanskrit ( संस्कृतम् ; pronunciation: ) is an Indo-European classical language of India and a liturgical language of Hinduism, Buddhism, and Jainism. ... Lakshadweep (Malayalam: ലക്ഷദ്വീപ് []) is the smallest Union Territory of India. ... Sanskrit ( संस्कृतम् ; pronunciation: ) is an Indo-European classical language of India and a liturgical language of Hinduism, Buddhism, and Jainism. ... Madhya Pradesh (मध्य प्रदेश) is a state in central India. ... Maharashtra (Devanagari: महाराष्ट्र, literally: Great Nation)( ) is Indias third largest state in terms of area and second largest in terms of population after Uttar Pradesh. ... Manipur (Hindi: मणिपुर) is a state in northeastern India making its capital in the city of Imphal. ... Map of Pondicherry Region, Union Territory of Pondicherry, India Pondicherry (Hindi: पॉण्डिचेरी) is a Union Territory of India. ... Tamil (தமிழ் ) is a classical language and one of the major languages of the Dravidian language family. ... This article details the Indian state of Punjab. ... Rajasthan (Hindi: राजस्थान) is the largest state of the Republic of India in terms of area. ... A Raja (sometimes spelled Rajah) is a king, or princely ruler from the Kshatriya lineages. ... The suffix -stan or -sthan is Persian for home of and Sanskrit for place. It appears in the names of many countries and regions, especially in central Asia and the Indian subcontinent which are the areas where Persian and related languages have historically been used. ... Tamil Nadu (தமிழ் நாடு, Land of the Tamils) is a state at the southern tip of India. ... The Tamil people are an ethnic group from South Asia with a recorded history going back more than two millennia. ... Tamil (தமிழ் ) is a classical language and one of the major languages of the Dravidian language family. ... Uttar Pradesh (Hindi: , Urdu: اتر پردیش, IPA: ), also popularly known by its abbreviation U.P., is the most populous and fifth largest state in the Union of India. ... West Bengal (Bengali: পশ্চিম বঙ্গ, Hindi: पश्चिम बंगाल, Poshchim Bôngo) is a state in the eastern region of India. ... East Pakistan was a former province of Pakistan which existed between 1955 and 1971. ...

Indonesia

• Jakarta - from Jayakarta, City of Victory
• Sumatra - from Ibn Battuta's pronounciation of Samudra Kingdom

Motto: Jaya Raya (Indonesian): Prosper and Great Founded 22 June 1527 Governor Sutiyoso Area 661. ... Sumatra (also spelled Sumatara and Sumatera) is the sixth largest island of the world (approximately 470,000 km²) and is the third largest island of Indonesia after Borneo (of which Kalimantan belongs to Indonesia) and New Guinea. ... Ibn Battuta (1304–1377). ...

Iran (Persia)

• Lorestan - land of the Lurs
• Mazendran - land of Mazda Indra or the god Indra.

Falak-ol-aflak, built by the Sassanids, is almost 1800 years old. ... Lurs can refer to: Ancient wind instruments, see Lur An Iranian ethnic group; see: Lorestan Lurs, Alpes-de-Haute-Provence, a commune of Alpes-de-Haute-Provence, France This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... Indra is also the name of a song by the Thievery Corporation. ...

Italy

• Campania - from the Latin campania (countryside, plain, battlefield). Compare Champagne in France.
• Friuli - from the Latin Forum Julii (The market of Julius), which at the beginning referred only to the city of Cividale, founded by Julius Caesar and then extended to the whole region
• Latium (in modern Italian: Lazio) - land of the early Italic inhabitants known as Latins, in their turn popularly associated with the mythological King Latinus [in turn, "Latins" (in Latin, Latīnī) -- as well as the name of King Latīnus (simply the singular of the same name) -- clearly derived their names from Latium by means of the ethnic suffix -īnus, with the obvious meaning of "inhabitant(s) of Latium", which makes this etymology ridiculously circular, but let that serve as a warning to the reader as to the quality of this and other etymologies on this page]. Ovid hints at perhaps a slightly more sophisticated folk etymology, with a legend of the naming of Latium after Saturn latente deo (as a god in hiding) after he allegedly fled to Italy following his expulsion by Jupiter. - Modern linguists postulate origins in a Proto-Indo-European language (PIE) root *stela- (to spread, extend), expressing the idea of "flat land" (in contrast to the local Sabine high country). But the name may originate from an earlier, non Indo-European one. See the Online Etymological Dictionary.
• Lombardy - from the Germanic tribe of the Lombards (literally "long-beards" or "long-bearded axe people", or, according to another theory, "long-halberds"), who invaded Italy in the 6th century. Note: After the Lombard invasion, the name "Longobardia" or "Langobardia" applied to the whole of Italy for about two centuries, throughout Europe and also in Arabic (al-Ankubardiya). The name Italia did not return into wide use until the late 8th century
• Marche - literally. "marches", "borderlands". In the Middle Ages the region lay on the boundaries between imperial lands and the more independent areas of southern Italy. The March of Ancona became the best known of such marches
• Sardinia - speculatively linked with the Shardana people and/or with Sardis
• Sicily - island settled by the Sicels

Campania is a region of Southern Italy, bordering on Lazio to the north-west, Molise to the north, Puglia to the north-east, Basilicata to the east, and the Tyrrhenian Sea to the west. ... Latin is an ancient Indo-European language originally spoken in the region around Rome called Latium. ... Champagne is one of the traditional provinces of France, a region of France that is best known for the production of the sparkling white wine that bears the regions name. ... Friulian Coats of Arms Friuli (Furlan: Friûl, German: Friaul, Slovenian: Furlanija) is an area in northeastern Italy, comprising the major part of the autonomous region Friuli-Venezia Giulia. ... Latin is an ancient Indo-European language originally spoken in the region around Rome called Latium. ... Cividale del Friuli (Friulian Cividât, Slovenian Čedad) is a town in Northern Italy, close to Urine. ... Gaius Julius Caesar (IPA: ;[1]), July 12, 100 BC – March 15, 44 BC) was a Roman military and political leader. ... Latium (Lazio in Italian) is a region of central Italy, bordered by Tuscany, Umbria, Abruzzo, Marche, Molise, Campania and the Tyrrhenian Sea. ... Ancient Italic peoples are all those peoples that lived in Italy before the Roman domination. ... The word Latin has more than one meaning. ... Latinus or Latinos in Greek mythology, in Hesiods Theogony, was the son of Odysseus and Circe who ruled the Tyrsenoi, that is the Etruscans, with his brothers Agrius and Telegonus. ... Engraved frontispiece of George Sandyss 1632 London edition of Publius Ovidius Naso (Sulmona, March 20, 43 BC â€“ Tomis, now Constanta AD 17) Roman poet known to the English-speaking world as Ovid, wrote on topics of love, abandoned women, and mythological transformations. ... Folk etymology (or popular etymology) is a linguistic term for a category of false etymology which has grown up in popular lore, as opposed to one which arose in scholarly usage. ... Saturn devours his children (Francisco de Goya, c. ... Jupiter et Thétis - by Jean Ingres, 1811. ... The Proto-Indo-European language (PIE) is the hypothetical common ancestor of the Indo-European languages, believed to have been spoken around 4000 BC in Central Asia (according to the Kurgan hypothesis) or millennia before that in Anatolia (according to the Anatolian hypothesis). ... The tribe of the Sabines (Latin Sabini) was an Italic tribe of ancient Italy. ... Lombardy (Italian: Lombardia) is a region in northern Italy between the Alps and the Po river valley. ... The Lombards (Latin Langobardi, from which the alternative name Longobards found in older English texts), were a Germanic people originally from Northern Europe that entered the late Roman Empire. ... Iron age bearded axe head from Gotland A bearded axe, or Skeggox (from Old Norse Skegg, beard + Ox, axe) refers to various axes, used as a tool and weapon, as early as the the 6th centuryAD. It is most commonly associated with Viking era Scandanavians. ... Swedish halberds from 16th century A halberd is a two-handed pole weapon that came to prominent use during the 14th and 15th centuries. ... This article is about the Italian region. ... Mark or march (or various plural forms of these words) are derived from the Frankish word marka (boundary) and refer to an area along a border, e. ... Sardinia (American pronunciation)(Sardegna in Italian, Sardigna or Sardinna in the Sardinian language, is the second largest island in the Mediterranean Sea (Sicily is the largest), between Italy, Spain and Tunisia, south of Corsica. ... The Shardana are one of several groups of Sea Peoples who appear in fragmentary historical records (Egyptian inscriptions) for the Mediterranean region in the second millennium B.C.; very little is known for sure about them. ... Sardis, (also Sardes) the capital of the ancient kingdom of Lydia, the seat of a conventus under the Roman Empire, and the metropolis of the province Lydia in later Roman and Byzantine times, was situated in the middle Hermus valley, at the foot of Mt. ... Sicilian redirects here. ... According to Thucydides (vi:2), before the arrival of Greek colonists, the Sicels (or Siculi) were one of the three tribes who inhabited Sicily: the Sicels (Greek Sikeloi) in eastern Sicily (as well as southern Italy), who spoke an Indo-European language, and the Sicani (Greek Sikanoi) and Elymi (Greek...

Korea

• Chungcheong - from the first characters in the city names Chungju and Cheongju.
• Gangwon (South Korea)/Kangwŏn (North Korea) - from the first characters in the city names Gangneung and Wonju.
• Gyeongsang - from the first characters in the city names Gyeongju and Sangju.
• Hamgyŏng - from the first characters in the city names Hamju and Kyŏngsŏng (?).
• Hwanghae - from the first characters in the city names Hwangju and Haeju.
• Jeolla - from the first characters in the city names Jeonju and Naju (The first character of Naju is actually "ra"—"r" changes to "n" in the initial position, and the combination "nr" changes to "ll" due to phonological characteristics of the Korean language).
• P'yŏngan - from the first characters in the city names P'yŏngyang and Anju.
• Gyeonggi - the Chinese characters for the name mean "area around the capital," i.e. around Seoul, South Korea, the location of the province.

Korea (Korean: (ì¡°ì„  or 한국, see below) is a geographic area, civilization, and former state situated on the Korean Peninsula in East Asia. ... Chungcheong (Chungcheong-do) was one of the eight provinces of Korea during the Joseon Dynasty. ... Chungju is a city in North Chungcheong province, South Korea. ... Cheongju is a city in North Chungcheong Province, South Korea, and the capital of North Chungcheong. ... Gangwon-do is a province of South Korea, with its capital at Chuncheon. ... Kangwon (Kangwon-do) is a province of North Korea, with its capital at Wŏnsan. ... Gangneung is a city in Gangwon Province, on the east coast of South Korea. ... Wonju is a city in Gangwon province, South Korea. ... Gyeongsang (Gyeongsang-do) was one of the eight provinces of Korea during the Joseon Dynasty. ... Gyeongju is a city (see Subdivisions of South Korea) and prominent tourist destination in eastern South Korea. ... Sangju is a city in North Gyeongsang Province, South Korea. ... Hamgyŏng (Hamgyŏng-do) was one of the Eight Provinces of Korea during the Joseon Dynasty. ... Gyeongseong is the Korean form of Keijō (京城), the former Japanese name of Seoul used during the Japanese Colonial Period (1910-1945). ... Hwanghae (Hwanghae-do) was one of the Eight Provinces of Korea during the Joseon Dynasty, and one of the thirteen provinces of Korea during the Japanese Colonial Period. ... Haeju (Hanja: 海州) is a city in North Korea located in South Hwanghae Province near Haeju Bay. ... Jeolla (Jeolla-do) was one of the eight provinces of Korea during the Joseon Dynasty. ... Jeonju (Jeonju-si) is a city in and the capital of North Jeolla Province, South Korea. ... Naju (Naju-si) is a city in South Jeolla Province, South Korea. ... The Korean language (, see below) is the official language of both North and South Korea. ... Pyŏngan (Pyŏngan-do) was one of the Eight Provinces of Korea during the Joseon Dynasty. ... Pyongyang (평양 / 平壤) is the capital city of North Korea, located in the bottom third (almost direct center) of the country, situated on the Taedong River. ... Anju is a character who appears in both of the Legend of Zelda games for the Nintendo 64. ... Gyeonggi is the most populous province in South Korea. ... Seoul (Sŏul|서울) ) is the capital and largest city of South Korea (Republic of Korea). ...

Mexico

See Mexican state name etymologies

This article provides a collection of the etymologies of the names of the states of Mexico. ...

Netherlands

• Holland (part of the Netherlands; but the term often refers to the country as a whole): Germanic "holt (i.e. wooded) land" (often incorrectly regarded as meaning "hollow [i.e. marsh] land")
• Batavia (Germanic): "arable land" (derived from the regional name "Betuwe", as opposed to the other regional name "Veluwe" meaning "fallow" or "waste" land)
• Amsterdam: from Amstelredam, which means "dam over the Amstel" (the river Amstel flows through present-day Amsterdam)
• Rotterdam: meaning 'dam over the Rotte' (the river Rotte flows through present-day Rotterdam)
• Alkmaar: from Aelcemaer, meaning 'lake of auks', due to the fact that lakes formerly surrounded the core of Alkmaar -- all of them now drained and thus turned into dry land

Holland is a region in the central-western part of the Netherlands. ... Motto: Je Maintiendrai (Dutch: Ik zal handhaven, English: I Shall Uphold) Anthem: Wilhelmus van Nassouwe Capital Amsterdam1 Largest city Amsterdam Official language(s) Dutch2 Government Parliamentary democracy Constitutional monarchy  - Queen Beatrix  - Prime minister Jan Peter Balkenende Independence Eighty Years War   - Declared July 26, 1581   - Recognised January 30, 1648 (by Spain... Amsterdam Location Flag Country Netherlands Province North Holland Population 742,951(1 January 2005) Coordinates Website www. ... The Amstel Length 12  km Elevation of the source -  m Average discharge -  m³/s Area watershed -  km² Origin  Amsterdam Mouth  Bullewijk Basin countries Noord-Holland Amstel is the river in the Netherlands from which Amsterdam took its name. ... Rotterdam Location Flag Country The Netherlands Province South Holland Population 604,819 (2005) Coordinates 51° 55 N.; 4° 30 E. Website www. ... Accijnstoren, Alkmaar Alkmaar is a municipality and a city in the Netherlands, in the province of Noord Holland. ...

New Zealand

See also List of New Zealand place names and their meanings. Placenames in New Zealand derive largely from the British and Maori origins of the people who speak the two official languages. ...

• Auckland - in honour of George Eden, 1st Earl of Auckland, a patron of William Hobson, who founded and named the city of Auckland. The Earl took his sobriquet from Auckland in Durham, United Kingdom, possibly deriving from the Celtic Alclet or Aclet, or "Cliffs of the Clyde". Although nowhere near the River Clyde, the locality may have had connections with the Celtic kingdom of Strathclyde; it may have borrowed the name of the Clyde for aesthetic or prestige reasons, as Alclet's river - the Gaunless - means "useless" in Old Norse; or a nearby river may have had the name "Clyde" — history does not record the name of the river Gaunless before the Norse named it
• Hawke's Bay - in honour of Edward Hawke, 1st Baron Hawke of Towton
• Levin - from a director of the railway company that created the town to help boost its railway
• Marlborough - to commemorate John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough
• Nelson - in honour of Horatio Nelson, 1st Viscount Nelson
• Otago - anglicised from the Maori name Otakou, a kainga east of present-day Otago Harbour, originally meaning "one isolated village" or "place of red earth"
• Plimmerton - from John Plimmer, Wellington pioneer, director of the railway company that created the seaside resort to help boost its railway; central Wellington has Plimmer's Steps.
• Tasman - district named from the bay name, in honour of Dutchman Abel Tasman, commander of first European expedition to sight the country; also a mountain and glacier name. Abel Tasman National Park bears a fuller version of his name.
• Waikato - Named after the river Waikato, which itself means "flowing water"
• Wellington - in honour of Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington

Auckland, in the North Island of New Zealand, is the largest urban area in New Zealand. ... George Eden, 1st Earl of Auckland, 2nd Baron Auckland (1784 – January 1, 1849), served as a politician in the United Kingdom and as Governor-General of India. ... William Hobson (September 26, 1792 - September 10, 1842), was the first Governor of New Zealand and co-author of the Treaty of Waitangi. ... Durham (IPA: locally, in RP) is a small city and main settlement of the City of Durham district of County Durham in northeast England. ... The Celtic languages are the languages descended from Proto-Celtic, or Common Celtic, spoken by ancient and modern Celts alike. ... The River Clyde, looking eastwards upstream, as it passes beneath the Kingston Bridge in Central Glasgow. ... Strathclyde (Srath Chluaidh in Gaelic) was one of the regional council areas of Scotland from 1975 to 1996. ... Old Norse or Danish tongue is the Germanic language once spoken by the inhabitants of the Nordic countries (for instance during the Viking Age). ... Hawkes Bay is a region of New Zealand. ... Edward Hawke, 1st Baron Hawke, (February 21, 1705 - October 16, 1781) was an admiral in the Royal Navy. ... The name Levin is of non-Jewish Russian origin. ... Marlborough is one of the regions of New Zealand, located in the northeast of the South Island. ... John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough, in his Garter robes John Churchill, 1st Duke of Marlborough, KG, PC (26 May 1650 – 16 June 1722) was an English military officer during the War of the Spanish Succession. ... A view of Nelson from the Centre of New Zealand Whakatu/Nelson stands on the southern corner of Tasman Bay in Te Tau Ihu O Te Waka O Maui (the northern end of the South Island), Aotearoa (New Zealand) and is the administrative centre for Nelson Province. ... Lord Nelson Vice-Admiral Horatio Nelson, 1st Viscount Nelson, Duke of Bronte, KB, RN (29 September 1758 – 21 October 1805) was a British admiral famous for his participation in the Napoleonic Wars, most notably in the Battle of Trafalgar, where he lost his life. ... Otago (help· info) is one of the regions of New Zealand and lies in the south-east of the South Island. ... The township of Plimmerton surrounds one of the more congenial beaches in the northwest part of the Wellington urban area in New Zealand. ... Wellington (Te Whanganui-a-Tara or Poneke) is the capital of New Zealand, the countrys second-largest urban area and the most populous national capital in Oceania. ... Wellington (Te Whanganui-a-Tara or Poneke) is the capital of New Zealand, the countrys second-largest urban area and the most populous national capital in Oceania. ...   Categories: Nelson, New Zealand | Territorial Authorities of New Zealand | New Zealand geography stubs ... Portrait of Tasman (detail from the family portrait). ... Mount McKinley (Denali) in Alaska (USA) has the largest visible base-to-summit elevation difference on Earth. ... Aletsch glacier, Switzerland A glacier is a large, long-lasting river of ice that is formed on land and moves in response to gravity. ... Categories: New Zealand geography stubs | National parks of New Zealand | Nelson, New Zealand ... Waikato is the name of a region in the North Island of New Zealand. ... The Wellington region of New Zealand occupies the southern end of the North Island. ... Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington, KG, GCB, GCH, PC, FRS (c. ...

Pakistan

• Punjab - from the Persian for "five rivers"

The Punjab or Panjab (Punjabi: ) province of Pakistan is the countrys most populous region and is home to the Punjabis and various other groups. ... Persian is a language spoken in Iran, Tajikistan, Afghanistan, Uzbekistan, Bahrain, Iraq, Azerbaijan, Armenia, Georgia, Southern Russia, neighboring countries, and elsewhere. ...

Papua New Guinea

• New Britain - in honour of Great Britain. Originally named by William Dampier in the Latin form Nova Britannia; called Neu-Pommern (New Pomerania) during the period of German colonization until the conquest of the area by Australia in 1914

(This article is about the island of New Britain in Papua New Guinea. ... William Dampier (1652 – March, 1715) was an English buccaneer, sea captain, author and scientific observer. ... Latin is an ancient Indo-European language originally spoken in the region around Rome called Latium. ... Historic Pomerania (outlined in yellow) on the background of modern country borders. ... 1914 (MCMXIV) was a common year starting on Thursday. ...

Poland

• Greater Poland - from the tribe of Polans or from the word "pole" (field) meaning "country of fields" - "Greater" distinguishes it from the whole Polish state
• Kuyavia - "covered by sand dunes"
• Lesser Poland - in contrast with Greater Poland
• Lubusz - from the town of Lubusz
• Masovia - "boggy"
• Masuria - from the Masovians, who settled Masuria
• Podlachia, Polesia - "covered by forests"
• Pomerania - "along the sea"
• Warmia - from the Old Prussian tribe of Varms
• Silesia - from the holy Silesian mountain of Ślęża
• Subcarpathia - "at the foot of the Carpathians"

Voivodship wielkopolskie since 1999 Coat of Arms for voivodship wielkopolskie Greater Poland (also Great Poland; Polish: , German: Großpolen, Latin: Polonia Maior) is a historical region of west-central Poland. ... Polans (western) - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia /**/ @import /skins-1. ... KUYAVIA (sometimes spelt Cuyavia; in German KUJAWIEN, in Polish KUJAVY) is a historical region of Poland, named after the pagan tribe of the Kujawier (name in German) still known there under that name in the tenth century AD. It is the northernmost part of Greater Poland, west of Masovia and... This article is about the sand formations, for other meanings see Dune (disambiguation) Mesquite Flat Dunes in Death Valley National Park In physical geography, a dune is a hill of sand built by eolian (wind-related) processes. ... Lesser Poland voivodship since 1999 Lesser Poland (sometimes also referred to as Little Poland, Polish MaÅ‚opolska, Latin Polonia Minor) is one of the historical regions of Poland. ... Voivodship wielkopolskie since 1999 Coat of Arms for voivodship wielkopolskie Greater Poland (also Great Poland; Polish: , German: Großpolen, Latin: Polonia Maior) is a historical region of west-central Poland. ... Lubus Land or Lubusz Land ( pol: Ziemia Lubuska or Lubusz). ... Lebus (-German, Polish: Lubusz) is a town in the southeast of the Märkisch-Oderland District in Brandenburg, Germany. ... Historical division of Masovia Masovia (Polish: Mazowsze) is a geographical and historical region situated in central Poland with its capital at Warsaw. ... Sailing on Lake MikoÅ‚ajki. ... Historical division of Masovia Masovia (Polish: Mazowsze) is a geographical and historical region situated in central Poland with its capital at Warsaw. ... Podlasie (Latin Podlachia) is a historical region in eastern part of Poland and western Belarus. ... Polesie (Polish spelling; Polissya, Полісся in Ukrainian, Polesye, Полесье in Russian, Palyessye or Palesse, Пале́сьсе in Belarusian, formerly also Polesia in Latin) is one of the largest European swampy areas, located in the South-Western part of the Eastern-European Lowland, within the territories of Belarus, Ukraine and Poland. ... Historic Pomerania (outlined in yellow) on the background of modern country borders. ... Warmia in 1547 Warmia (Polish: , German: , Latin: Varmia, also historically known as Ermeland) is a region between Pomerania and Masuria in northeastern Poland. ... The Prussians kill Adalbert The Prussian people, or (old) Prussians, inhabited the area around the Curonian and Vistula Lagoons, (in what is now northern Poland), in the region roughly occupied by the Mazurian Lakes. ... Prussian Silesia, 1871, outlined in yellow; Silesia at the close of the Seven Years War in 1763, outlined in cyan (areas now in the Czech Republic were Austrian-ruled at that time) Silesia (Czech: ; German: ; Polish: ; Silesian: Åšlonsk / Åšlónsk) is a historical region in central Europe. ... Sleza may mean: ÅšlÄ™za - a river in Lower Silesia, southern Poland. ... Subcarpathian voivodship since 1999 The Subcarpathian Voivodship (in Polish województwo podkarpackie) is an administrative and local government region or voivodship of south-eastern Poland. ... Satellite image of the Carpathians Souvenir from Carpathian region (Poland) The Carpathian Mountains are the eastern wing of the great Central Mountain System of Europe, curving 1500 km (~900 miles) along the borders of Austria, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Poland, Ukraine, Romania, Serbia, Montenegro and northern Hungary. ...

Portugal

• Alentejo - meaning "beyond the Tejo (i.e. the Tagus river)"
• Azores - from Açores (pl.), after the "Açor", a type of bird.
• Beira - quite literally, the "edge" (during the early faze of Portugal's history, Beira was a borderland)
• Madeira - "wood"

Alentejo (pron. ... Location Motto of the autonomous region: Antes morrer livres que em paz sujeitos (Portuguese: To die free rather than to be subjugated in peace) Official language Portuguese Capitals Ponta Delgada (Presidency of the autonomous government), Angra do Heroísmo (Supreme Court), Horta (Legislative Assembly) Other towns Praia da Vitória... Beira can mean one of the following: In the Celtic mythology of Scotland, Beira (mythology) was mother to all the gods and goddesses. ... Motto: Das ilhas, as mais belas e livres (Of the islands, the most beautiful and free) Anthem: A Portuguesa (national) Hino da Região Autónoma da Madeira (local) Capital Funchal Largest city Funchal Official language(s) Portuguese Government Autonomous region  - President Alberto João Jardim Independence    - Settled 1420   - Autonomy...

Romania

See: Etymological list of counties of Romania This is a list of the origins of the names of counties of Romania. ...

• Bessarabia - from Basarab I, Wallachian king who led some expeditions in this land
• Bukovina - (in German: "Buchenland") = "beech land"
• Dobrogea - "good land"
• Haţeg - "Terra Herzog" = Duke's land
• Muntenia - from muntean = man of the mountains, from Romanian munte=mountain
• Oltenia - from the river Olt, called Alutus by the Romans, possibly from Latin lutum, meaning "mud" or "clay".
• Transylvania - "beyond the woods"
  • Ardeal - "wooden hill" - arde expresses an Indo-European root meaning forest, the same as in English Forest of Arden and Belgian Ardennes Woods; Deal means hill in Romanian.
• Wallachia - "land of the foreigners".

1927 map of Bessarabia from Charles Upson Clarks book Bessarabia or Bessarabiya (Basarabia in Romanian, Besarabya in Turkish) was the name by which the Imperial Russia designated the eastern part of the principality of Moldavia ceded by the Ottoman Empire to Russia in the aftermath of the Russo-Turkish... Posada Battle Basarab I was an early ruler of the principality of Wallachia, known as ÃŽntemeietorul (The Founder) (c. ... Bukovina (Ukrainian: Буковина, Bukovyna; Romanian: Bucovina; German and Polish: Bukowina; see also other languages) is a historical region on the northern slopes of the northeastern Carpathian Mountains and the adjoining plains. ... Dobrogea is the Romanian name for Dobruja (Добруджа, Dobrudzha in Bulgarian), a territory between the lower Danube river and the Black Sea, divided between Romania and Bulgaria. ... HaÅ£eg (German: Wallenthal; Hungarian: Hatszeg) is a town in Hunedoara County, Romania with a population of 12,507. ... Map of Romania with Muntenia highlighted Muntenia or Greater Wallachia is a historical province of Romania, usually considered Wallachia-proper (Muntenia, Å¢ara Românească, and the seldomly used Valahia are synonyms in Romanian). ... Map of Romania with Oltenia highlighted Oltenia or Lesser Wallachia is a historical province of Romania. ... The Olt (Romanian and Hungarian; in German: Alt; in Latin: Aluta) is a river in Romania. ... This article or section is in need of attention from an expert on the subject. ... Arden is the name of several places. ... The Ardennes is a region of extensive forests and rolling hill country, primarily in Belgium and Luxembourg, but stretching into France (lending its name to the Ardennes département and the Champagne-Ardenne région). ... This article is about the region in what is now Southern Romania. ...

Russia (including Asian east)

• Amur River -- Amur comes from the Tungus amor for "great or big river".
• Grozny or Groznyy -- Russian for "threatening" or "terrible" or "dread" or "severe"
• Novaya Zemlya-- Russian for "new land"
• Novgorod -- from Russian roots meaning "new city"
• Novosibirsk -- roughly means "new Siberian city"
• Sakhalin -- derived from misinterpretation of a Manchu name "sahaliyan ula angga hada" (peak of the mouth of Amur River). "Sahaliyan" means "black" in Manchu and refers to the Amur River (sahaliyan ula).
• Siberia -- from a Tatar word meaning "sleeping land"
• Smolensk -- from the river Smolnya
• Vladikavkaz -- Russian for "ruler of the Caucasus" or "rule the Caucasus"
• Vladivostok -- Russian for "ruler of the East" or "rule the East"
• Volgograd -- Russian for "city of the Volga" or "Volga city"

The Amur River (Russian: Амур; Simplified Chinese: 黑龙江; Traditional Chinese: 黑龍江; Hanyu Pinyin: , or Black Dragon River; Mongolian: Хара-Мурэн, Khara-Muren or Black River; Manchu: Sahaliyan Ula, literal meaning Black River) is one of the world’s ten longest rivers, forming the border between the Russian Far East and Manchuria in China. ... Tungusic languages (or Manchu-Tungus languages) are spoken in Eastern Siberia and Manchuria. ... Grozny or Groznyy (Russian: , Chechen: Джовхар-ГӀала / Dƶowxar-Ä ala) is the capital of the Chechen Republic in Russia. ... Novaya Zemlyas position on the map. ... Velikiy Novgorod (Russian: ) is the foremost historic city of North-Western Russia, situated on the M10(E95) federal highway connecting Moscow and St. ... Official website: http://www. ... Location of Sakhalin in the Western Pacific Sakhalin, GOST transliteration Sahalin, (Russian: , Traditional Chinese: 庫頁島; Simplified Chinese: 库页岛; pinyin: kùyèdÇŽo Japanese: 樺太 romaji: karafuto), also Saghalien, is a large elongated island in the North Pacific, lying between 45° 50 and 54° 24 N. It is part of the Russian Federation... The Amur River (Russian: Амур; Simplified Chinese: 黑龙江; Traditional Chinese: 黑龍江; Hanyu Pinyin: , or Black Dragon River; Mongolian: Хара-Мурэн, Khara-Muren or Black River; Manchu: Sahaliyan Ula, literal meaning Black River) is one of the world’s ten longest rivers, forming the border between the Russian Far East and Manchuria in China. ... Siberia is also an album by Echo & The Bunnymen. ... The Tatar language (Tatar tele, Tatarça, Татар теле, Татарча) is a Turkic language belonging to the Altaic branch of the Ural-Altaic family of languages. ... Categories: Stub | Oblasts of Russia | Smolensk Oblast ... Photo of Vladikavkaz cathedral mosque in 1912. ... The Entholinguistic patchwork of the modern Caucasus - CIA map The Caucasus, a region bordering Asia Minor, is located between the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea which includes the Caucasus Mountains and surrounding lowlands. ... City and harbor of Vladivostok with the Statue to the fighters for Soviet power in the Far East (bottom right) Vladivostok (Russian: ) is the administrative center of Primorsky Krai, Russia, situated close to the Russo-Chinese border and North Korea. ... (Russian: ), formerly called () (1598–1925) and () (1925–1961) is a city in and the administrative center of Volgograd Oblast, Russia. ... For other meanings of the word Volga see Volga (disambiguation) Волга Length 3,690 km Elevation of the source 225 m Average discharge  ? m³/s Area watershed 1. ...

Spain

• Andalusia -- from the Arabic name (Al-Andalus, with several suggested etymologies) formerly applied to the whole Iberian Peninsula
• Asturias -- the land of the Astures, an early people of north-west Spain
• León -- the ancient kingdom and subsequent province of León take their name from the city of León, whose name derives from its position as the base of a Roman legion (Latin legio)

Motto: Dominator Hercules Fundator Andalucía por sí, para España y la humanidad (Andalusia for herself, for Spain, and for humankind) Capital Seville Area  â€“ Total  â€“ % of Spain Ranked 2nd  87 268 km²  17,2% Population  â€“ Total (2005)  â€“ % of Spain  â€“ Density Ranked 1st  7. ... Al-Andalus is the Arabic name given the Iberian Peninsula by its Muslim conquerors; it refers to both the Caliphate proper and the general period of Muslim rule (711–1492). ... Capital Oviedo Area  â€“ Total  â€“ % of Spain Ranked 10th  10 604 km²  2,1% Population  â€“ Total (2005)  â€“ % of Spain  â€“ Density Ranked 13th  1 076 635  2,4%  101,53/km² Demonym  â€“ English  â€“ Asturian  â€“ Spanish  asturian  asturianu  asturiano Statute of Autonomy January 11, 1982 Parliamentary representation  â€“ Congress seats  â€“ Senate seats  8  2... ASTUR or ASTURES is a region of Northern Spain and also referes to the original inhabitants of this region. ... The name Leon or Léon or León may refer to: // Places in Spain León, city León, province Castile-Leon, autonomous community Kingdom of León, historical kingdom Places in North and Central America León, Guanajuato, Mexico León, Nicaragua Places in the United States De... León province León (Llión in Asturian-leonese language) is a province of northwestern Spain, in the northwestern part of the autonomous community of Castile and León. ... Cathedral of León The Palacio de los Guzmanes, the provincial parliament (Diputación) in the capital Old local council Wikimedia Commons has media related to: León The city of León, located at 42. ... A modern reconstruction of a roman centurion around 70 AD The Roman legion (from Latin , from lego, legere, legi, lectus — to collect) was the basic military unit of the ancient Roman army. ...

Switzerland

• Basel - traditionally associated with the Greek basileus ("king") or basileos ("of the king"): the city saw itself as preserving the Imperial Roman heritage of its parent settlement, the Roman town of Augusta Raurica. Note the use of the basilisk as a Basler icon.
• Berne - German Bär(e)n (bears): reflected in the capital city's bear-pits, foundation-legend and coat-of-arms
• Neuchâtel - French for "new castle"; Neuenburg in German

Location within Switzerland Basel (British English traditionally: Basle and more recently Basel , German: Basel , French: Bâle , Italian and Spanish: Basilea ) is Switzerlands third most populous city (166,563 inhabitants (2004); 690,000 inhabitants in the conurbation stretching across the immediate cantonal and national boundaries made Basel Switzerlands... Octavian, widely known as Augustus, founder of the Roman empire The Roman Empire was a phase of the ancient Roman civilization characterized by an autocratic form of government. ... Augusta Raurica is a large Roman archaeological site in Switzerland. ... Woodblock print of a basilisk from Ulisse Aldrovandi, Monstrorum historia, 1642 In European bestiaries and legends, a basilisk (from the Greek βάσιλισκός basiliskos, a little king, in Latin Regulus) is a legendary reptile reputed to be king of serpents and said to have the power of causing death by a single... The Swiss canton of (help· info) is bilingual (German: Kanton Bern; French Canton de Berne) and has a population of about 947,000. ... Bear pit - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia /**/ @import /skins-1. ... The coat of arms of Berne. ... Location within Switzerland Neuchâtel 47. ...

Taiwan

See Republic of China (Taiwan)

Ukraine

Most of Ukraine's oblasts take their names from their principal city; but Volyn Oblast, Zakarpattia Oblast, and the Crimean Autonomous Republic provide exceptions to this rule. See also subdivisions of Ukraine. Oblast (Czech: oblast, Slovak: oblasÅ¥, Russian and Ukrainian: , Belarusian: , Bulgarian: о́бласт) refers to a subnational entity in some countries. ... Ukraine is subdivided into 24 oblasts (Ukrainian singular: область, oblast; plural області, oblasti), one autonomous republic (автономна республіка, avtonomna respublika), and two cities with special status (singular місто зі спеціальним статусом, misto zi spetsialnym statusom). ...

• Cherkasy Oblast — from the city Cherkasy
• Chernihiv Oblast — from the city Chernihiv
• Chernivtsi Oblast — from the city Chernivtsi
• Crimea — from the Crimean Tatar name: Qırım
• Dnipropetrovsk Oblast — from the city Dnipropetrovsk (re-named in 1926 after Dnipro ("Dnieper river") and the Soviet Bolshevik leader Grigory Ivanovich Petrovsky)
• Donetsk Oblast — from the city Donetsk, after the Donets river. Donetsk forms a diminutive and tributary of the Don.
• Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast — from the city Ivano-Frankivsk, named after the famous Ukrainian writer Ivan Franko (1856 - 1916) in 1962
• Kharkiv Oblast — from the city Kharkiv
• Kherson Oblast — from the city Kherson
• Khmelnytskyi Oblast — from the city Khmelnytskyi, named in 1954 on the 300th anniversary of the Treaty of Andrusovo, after Cossack leader Bohdan Khmelnytsky
• City of Kiev — ancient name (Ukrainian: Kyiv)
• Kiev Oblast — from the city Kiev
• Kirovohrad Oblast — from the city Kirovohrad ("Kirov City"), after Sergey Kirov (named Kirovo in 1934, Kirovograd in 1939)
• Luhansk Oblast — from the city Luhansk
• Lviv Oblast — from the city of Lviv, founded 1256 by King Danylo of Halych, and named after his son Lev Danylovich
• Mykolaiv Oblast — from the city Mykolaiv, after the day of Saint Nicholas (Ukrainian Mykolai, Russian Nikolai), December 19, 1788, commemorating the fall of the Turkish fortress of Ochakiv to the Russians
• Odessa Oblast — after the city Odessa in 1795; etymology unknown, but see Odessa: "History" for some possibilities
• Poltava Oblast — from Ltava, an ancient name of the city Poltava
• Rivne Oblast — from the city Rivne
• City of Sevastopol — (1783) Greek "highly respectable city, august city"; see Sevastopol: "Etymology"
• Sumy Oblast — from the city Sumy
• Ternopil Oblast — from the city Ternopil
• Vinnytsya Oblast — from the city Vinnytsia
• Volyn Oblast — ancient name of the region of Volyn
• Zakarpattia Oblast — "beyond the Carpathian Mountains", Transcarpathia
• Zaporizhia Oblast — from the city Zaporizhia, in turn after region "beyond the rapids" (seventeenth century), downstream of the rapids of the River Dnieper
• Zhytomyr Oblast — from the city Zhytomyr (988), after Zhytomyr, prince of the Drevlians

Cherkasy Oblast (Ukrainian: Черкаська область, Cherkas’ka oblast’ or Черкащина, Cherkashchyna) is an oblast (province) of central Ukraine located along the Dnieper River. ... Cherkasy (Ukrainian Черкаси, Rus. ... Chernihiv Oblast (Чернігівська область, Chernihivs’ka oblast’ or Чернігівщина, Chernihivshchyna in Ukrainian) is an oblast (province) of northern Ukraine. ... Chernihiv or Chernigov is an ancient city in northern Ukraine, the capital of Chernihiv Oblast (province). ... Chernivtsi Oblast (Ukrainian: , Chernivets’ka oblast’, Regiunea CernăuÅ£i in Romanian) is an oblast in southwestern Ukraine, bordering on Romania and Moldova. ... Chernivtsi (Ukrainian: Чернівці; German: Czernowitz or Tschernowitz; Romanian: CernăuÅ£i; Russian: , Chernovtsy) is a city in Northern Bukovina, Ukraine, capital of the Chernivtsi Oblast. ... The Crimea (officially Autonomous Republic of Crimea, Ukrainian transliteration: Avtonomna Respublika Krym, Ukrainian: Автономна Республіка Крим, Russian: Автономная Республика Крым, pronounced cry-MEE-ah in English) is a peninsula and an Ukraine on the northern coast of the Black Sea. ... Crimean Tatar language (Qırımtatar tili, Qırımtatarca), also known as Crimean (Qırım tili, Qırımca) and Crimean Turkish (Qırım Türkçesi) is the language of the Crimean Tatars. ... Dnipropetrovsk Oblast (Ukrainian: , Dnipropetrovs’ka oblast’ or Дніпропетровщина, Dnipropetrovshchyna) is an oblast of central Ukraine, the most important industrial region of the country. ... Dnipropetrovsk (Ukrainian: ; Russian: ) is Ukraines third largest city with 1. ... The Dnieper River (also: Dnepr, Dniapro, or Dnipro) is a river (2,290 km length) which flows from Russia through Belarus and then Ukraine. ... COA of the Donetsk Oblast Donetsk Oblast (Ukrainian: Донецька область, Donets’ka oblast’ or Донеччина, Donechchyna) is an oblast (province) of eastern Ukraine. ... Motto: Oblast Donetsk Oblast Mayor Boris Kolesnikov Area 358 км² Population  - city  - density 1,131,700 2,838 /km² Founded 1869 Latitude Longitude 48°00′N 37°48′E Area code +380 62 Car plates  ?? sister cities Bochum, Charleroi, Pittsburgh, Sheffield, Taranto, Moscow, Vilnius Municipal Website Donetsk (Ukrainian: , Donetsk; Russian... Donets (Донец), is a tributary of Don River, Russia. ... The Don (Дон) is one of the major rivers of Russia. ... Ivano-Frankivsk Oblast (Івано-Франківська область, Ivano-Frankivs’ka oblast’ or Івано-Франківщина, Ivano-Frankivshchyna in Ukrainian) is an oblast of Ukraine. ... Ivano-Frankivsk (Ukrainian: ; before 1962 Станиславів, Stanyslaviv; Polish: StanisÅ‚awów; Russian: ; German: Stanislau (before World War I); Yiddish: סטאַניסלעוו, Stanislev) is a city in Ukraine. ... Ivan Franko Ivan Franko (Іван Франко) (August 15, 1856 – May 28, 1916) was a Ukrainian poet and writer, social and literary critic, journalist, economist, and political activist. ... Kharkiv Oblast (Харківська область, Kharkivs’ka oblast’ or Харківщина, Kharkivshchyna in Ukrainian; Харьковская область, Khar’kovskaya oblast’ in Russian) is an oblast of eastern Ukraine. ... Kharkiv Gosprom Building Kharkiv (ukr. ... Kherson Oblast (Херсонська область, Khersons’ka oblast’ or Херсонщина, Khersonshchyna in Ukrainian) is an oblast of southern Ukraine, just north of Crimea. ... Kherson (Ukrainian and Russian Херсон) is a city in southern Ukraine, the capital of Kherson Oblast, with 303,900 inhabitants (2004). ... Khmelnytskyi Oblast (Хмельницька область, Khmel’nyts’ka oblast’ or Хмельниччина, Khmelnychchyna in Ukrainian) is an oblast (province) of western Ukraine. ... The name, transliterated from the Ukrainian language may refer to Bohdan Khmelnytsky Khmelnytskyy, Ukraine Pereiaslav-Khmelnytskyi, a city in Ukraine (erroneously) This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... Treaty of Andrusovo, 1667 (Polish Rozejm w Andruszowie, Russian Андрусовское перемирие, Ukrainian Андрусівське перемиря), a truce for 13,5 years between Russia and the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, which were at war since 1654 over the territories of modern day Ukraine and Belarus. ... Reply of the Zaporozhian Cossacks to Sultan Mehmed IV of Turkey. ... The word leadership can refer to: the process of leading the concept of leading those entities that perform one or more acts of leading. ... Bohdan Zynovii Mykhailovych Khmelnytskyi (Богдан Зиновій Михайлович Хмельницький in Ukrainian, commonly transliterated as Khmelnytsky; known in Polish as Bogdan Zenobi Chmielnicki; in Russian as Bohdan Khmelnitsky) ( 1595 – August 6, 1657) was a Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth noble of Polish or Ruthenian origin, leader of the Zaporozhian Cossack Hetmanate, hetman of Ukraine, noted for... Motto: Oblast Municipality Municipal government City council (Київська Міська рада) Mayor Leonid Chernovetsky Area 800 km² Population  - city  - urban  - density 2,660,401 100% 3,299/km² Founded City rights around 5th century 1487 Latitude Longitude Area code +380 44 Car plates AA (before 2004: КА,КВ,КЕ,КН,КІ) Sister cities Athens, Brussels, Budapest, Chicago, ChiÅŸin... Kiev Oblast (also Kyiv Oblast, Ukrainian: ) is an oblast (province) in central Ukraine. ... Motto: Oblast Municipality Municipal government City council (Київська Міська рада) Mayor Leonid Chernovetsky Area 800 km² Population  - city  - urban  - density 2,660,401 100% 3,299/km² Founded City rights around 5th century 1487 Latitude Longitude Area code +380 44 Car plates AA (before 2004: КА,КВ,КЕ,КН,КІ) Sister cities Athens, Brussels, Budapest, Chicago, ChiÅŸin... Kirovohrad Oblast (Кіровоградська область, Kirovohrads’ka oblast’ or Кіровоградщина, Kirovohradshchyna in Ukrainian) is an oblast (province) of Ukraine. ... Kirovohrad emblem Kirovohrad flag Kirovohrad (Кіровоград) is a city in Ukraine, population 239,400 (2004). ... Sergey Mironovich Kirov Sergey Mironovich Kirov (Russian: ) (March 15 O.S. = March 27 N.S., 1886–December 1, 1934) was a Russian revolutionary and high Bolshevik functionary. ... Luhansk Oblast (Ukrainian: , Luhans’ka oblast’ or Луганщина, Luhanshchyna; Russian: , Luganskaya oblast) is the easternmost oblast (province) of Ukraine. ... Lugansk (Ukrainian: Луганськ, Luhansk; Russian: Луга́нск, Lugansk) is a city in southeastern Ukraine. ... Lviv Oblast is an oblast of western Ukraine, created on December 4, 1939. ... Lviv (Ukrainian: Львів, L’viv ; see Cities alternative names#L for other names) is a city in western Ukraine, the capital city of the Lviv Oblast (province) and one of the main cultural centres of Ukraine. ... Monument to King Danylo in Lviv. ... Lev I of Halych in front of his capital, Lviv Lev Danylovich (born ca. ... Mykolayiv Oblast (Миколаївська область, Mykolaivs’ka oblast’ or Миколаївщина, Mykolaivshchyna in Ukrainian) is an oblast of Ukraine. ... Mykolaiv or Mykolayiv (Ukrainian: ), also known by its Russian name (Nikolaev or Nikolayev) is a city in Southern Ukraine with the population of 514,000 (2001 estimation). ... Saint Nicholas is the common name for Saint Nicholas of Myra, who had a reputation for secret gift-giving. ... December 19 is the 353rd day of the year (354th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1788 was a leap year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... The Russo-Turkish War of 1787-1792 was a futile attempt by the Ottoman Empire to regain lands lost to Russia in the course of the Russo-Turkish War, 1768-1774. ... Ochakiv (Russian: ; Crimean Tatar/Turkish: Özi) is a town of 16900 inhabitants in Mykolaiv (Nikolaev) Oblast of southern Ukraine, located on a peninsula on the shores of the Black Sea, at the entrance to the estuary of the Dnieper, and opposite to Kinburn. ... Odessa Oblast (Ukrainian: Одеська область, Odes’ka oblast’ or Одещина, Odeshchyna) is an oblast of south-western Ukraine. ... For other uses, see Odessa (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Odessa (disambiguation). ... Poltava Oblast (Полтавська область, Poltavs’ka oblast’ or Полтавщина, Poltavshchyna in Ukrainian) is an oblast (province) of central Ukraine. ... Ltava, the name of a settlement mentioned in the Hypatian Chronicle, traditionally connected to the name of the city of Poltava, Ukraine. ... Poltava (Ukrainian: Полта́ва) is a city and oblast center in Poltava Oblast in central Ukraine with some 313,400 inhabitants (2004). ... Rivne Oblast (Рівненська область, Rivnens’ka oblast’ or Рівненщина, Rivnenshchyna in Ukrainian; Rowno in Polish) is an oblast (province) of Ukraine. ... Rivne (Ukrainian: , Russian: , translit. ... Sevastopol (Ukrainian and Russian: ; Crimean Tatar: ), formerly known as Sebastopol, is a port city in Ukraine, located on the Black Sea coast of Crimean peninsula. ... Sevastopol (Ukrainian and Russian: ; Crimean Tatar: ), formerly known as Sebastopol, is a port city in Ukraine, located on the Black Sea coast of Crimean peninsula. ... Sumy Oblast (Сумська область, Sums’ka oblast’ or Сумщина, Sumshchyna in Ukrainian) is an oblast (province) in the north-east of Ukraine. ... Sumy is a town in the Ukraine Sumy region. ... Ternopil Oblast (Тернопільська область, Ternopil’s’ka oblast’ or Тернопільщина, Ternopil’shchyna in Ukrainian) is an oblast (province) of Ukraine. ... Motto: Oblast Ternopil Oblast Mayor Bogdan Evgenovich Levkiv Area 59 kм² Population  - city  - density 221,300 (2004) 3,831 /km² Founded 1540 Latitude Longitude Area code +380 352 Car plates  ?? sister cities Municipal Website Ternopil (Ukrainian: ; Polish: ; Russian: ) is a city in western Ukraine, located on the banks of the... Vinnytsia Oblast (Ukrainian: ) is an oblast of Ukraine. ... Vinnytsia, or Vinnytsya (Ukrainian: , Polish: ) is a city in central Ukraine, located on the banks of the Pivdennyi Buh River, approximately 270 km west of Ukraines capital, Kiev. ... Volyn Oblast (Волинська область, Volyns’ka oblast’ or Волинь/ Волынь, Volyn’ in Ukrainian and Russian respectevely). ... Volhynia (Wołyń in Polish; Волинь, Volyn’ in Ukrainian; also called Volynia, Volyň in Czech) comprises the historic region in western Ukraine located between the rivers Pripyat and Western Bug. ... House of the Council of Zakarpattia Oblast in Uzhhorod with Taras Shevchenko Monument Entrance from Ivano-Frankivsk on route A 265 Zakarpattia Oblast or Transcarpathian Oblast (Ukrainian: ; Hungarian: Kárpátalja) is an oblast (province) of Ukraine. ... Satellite image of the Carpathians Souvenir from Carpathian region (Poland) The Carpathian Mountains are the eastern wing of the great Central Mountain System of Europe, curving 1500 km (~900 miles) along the borders of Austria, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Poland, Ukraine, Romania, Serbia, Montenegro and northern Hungary. ... Carpathian Ruthenia (Ukrainian Карпатська Русь, Karpatska Rus ) or Carpatho-Ukraine or Carpathian Ukraine is a name for a small part of Central Europe that was part of the Kingdom of Hungary (since 1526 under Habsburg rule). ... Zaporizhia Oblast (Запорізька область, Zaporizka oblast’ or Запоріжщина, Zaporizhchyna in Ukrainian) is an oblast (province) of southern Ukraine. ... Zaporizhzhia, Zaporozhzhia, Zaporozhye may refer to Zaporizhzhia, a historical region of Ukraine Zaporizhzhia, Ukraine, a city This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... Zaporizhia (Ukrainian: Запоріжжя, Zaporizhzhia; Russian: Запоро́жье, Zaporozhye) is a historical region of Ukraine. ... ... The Dnieper River (also: Dnepr, Dniapro, or Dnipro) is a river (2,290 km length) which flows from Russia through Belarus and then Ukraine. ... Flag of Zhytomyr Oblast Coat of Arms of Zhyomyr Oblast Zhytomyr Oblast (Житомирська область, Zhytomyrs’ka oblast’ or Житомирщина, Zhytomyrshchyna in Ukrainian) is an oblast (province) of northern Ukraine. ... Zhytomyr (Ukrainian, Russian Житомир, Polish: Å»ytomierz) is the capital of the Zhytomyrska oblast in Ukraine. ... The Drevlians (Древляне, Drevlyane in Russian; Деревляни, Derevliany in Ukrainian) were a tribe of Early East Slavs between the 6th and the 10th century, which inhabited the territories of Polesie, Right-bank Ukraine west of Polans, down the stream of the rivers Teteriv, Uzh, Ubort, and Stviga. ...

United Kingdom

See also British toponymy, List of generic forms in British place names, Etymological list of counties of the United Kingdom) British toponymy (relating to the mainland and islands closely linked to it including the Shetland Islands, the Orkneys, and the Channel Islands) is the study of place names, their origins and the trends associated with naming places in specific regional areas. ... The study of place names is called toponymy; for a more detailed examination of this subject in relation to British place names please refer to British toponymy. ... Etymological list of counties of the United Kingdom is a list of the origins of the names of counties of the United Kingdom. ...

• England - from Engla-lond, the land settled in the early 6th century by various peoples from Low Germany, among them the Angles (Latin Anglii) who originally inhabited the fish-hook shaped territory known as Angeln situated in present-day Schleswig. See Anglo-Saxons.
• Gibraltar - from Arabic "jabal Tāriq" -> "Tarik's rock" because the Arab general Tarik-ibn-Ziyad started his conquest of the Iberian Peninsula from here in 711.
• Northern Ireland - from Old Irish Eriu. Precise meaning uncertain, though it could derive from the name of a prehistoric fertility goddess.
• Scotland Literally 'land of the Scots'. The Scottish people, originally from Ireland, settled parts of western Scotland in the 5th century, although the name "Scotland" did not come into use until after the 9th Century. Alba, the Gaelic name for Scotland means 'highlands': compare the Latin albus - 'white' (describing the mountains). Caledonia, the Latin name, means forested highlands
• Wales - "land of the foreigners", from the Germanic 'wealas' the term used by Anglo-Saxon invaders of the British Isles for the native Celts they encountered. The Welsh native toponym "Cymru" means "fellow countrymen". Ancient Germanic tribes named several areas in Europe in a similar way, using their term for places inhabited by peoples of Celtic or Latin descent, including "Wallonia" in Belgium, Wallachia in Romania, "welsche Schweiz" (French-speaking Switzerland) and the archaic "Welschenland" (a term for Italy).

Royal motto (French): Dieu et mon droit (Translated: God and my right) Englands location (dark green) within the United Kingdom (light green), with the Republic of Ireland (blue) to its west Languages English Capital London Largest city London Area – Total Ranked 1st UK 130,395 km² Population –mid-2004... The region of Schleswig (former English name: Sleswick, Danish: Sønderjylland or Slesvig, Low German: Sleswig, North Frisian: Slaswik or Sleesweg) covers the area about 60 km north and 70 km south of the border between Germany and Denmark. ... The Anglo-Saxons refers collectively to the groups of Germanic tribes who achieved dominance in southern Britain from the mid-5th century, forming the basis for the modern English nation. ... The Arabic language (Arabic: ‎ transliterated: ), or simply Arabic (Arabic: ‎ transliterated: ), is the largest member of the Semitic branch of the Afro-Asiatic language family (classification: South Central Semitic) and is closely related to Hebrew and Aramaic. ... Tariq ibn Ziyad (d. ... Dieu et mon droit (motto) (French for God and my right)2 Northern Irelands location within the UK Languages English (De facto) 3, Irish, Ulster Scots 4 Capital and largest city Belfast First Minister Office suspended Secretary of State for Northern Ireland Peter Hain MP Area  - Total Ranked 4th... Old Irish is the name given to the oldest form of the Irish language which can be more or less fully reconstructed from extant sources. ... Prehistory (Greek words προ = before and ιστορία = history) is the period of human history prior to the advent of writing (which marks the beginning of recorded history). ... Many cultures developed deities to watch over and promote fertility, pregnancy, and birth. ... Motto: Nemo me impune lacessit (English: No one provokes me with impunity) Scotlands location within Europe Scotlands location within the United Kingdom Languages English, Gaelic, Scots Capital Edinburgh Largest city Glasgow First Minister Jack McConnell Area - Total - % water Ranked 2nd UK 78,782 km² 1. ... Motto: Nemo me impune lacessit (English: No one provokes me with impunity) Scotlands location within Europe Scotlands location within the United Kingdom Languages English, Gaelic, Scots Capital Edinburgh Largest city Glasgow First Minister Jack McConnell Area - Total - % water Ranked 2nd UK 78,782 km² 1. ... Europe in 450 The 5th century is the period from 401 - 500 in accordance with the Julian calendar in the Christian Era. ... As a means of recording the passage of time the 9th century was that century that lasted from 801 to 900. ... Alba is the ancient and modern Gaelic name (IPA: ) for the country of Scotland (also Alba in Irish, and in Old Gaelic Albu). ... Latin is an ancient Indo-European language originally spoken in the region around Rome called Latium. ... Caledonia is the Latin name, given by the Roman Empire to a northern area of the island of Great Britain. ... National motto: Cymru am byth (Welsh: Wales for ever) Waless location relative to most of the British Isles (other parts of the UK shown on the map are in pink). ... Wallonia (French: Wallonie, German: Wallonien, Walloon: Walonreye, Dutch: Wallonië) or the Walloon Region (French: Région Wallonne, Dutch: Waals Gewest) is the predominantly French-speaking region that constitutes one of the three federal regions of Belgium, with its capital at Namur. ... This article is about the region in what is now Southern Romania. ...

United States

See:

• List of U.S. state name etymologies
• Lists of U.S. county name etymologies

This is a list of the origins of the names of U.S. states: See also Canadian provincial name etymologies Lists of U.S. county name etymologies Placename etymology Categories: United States-related lists | Placename etymology | Lists of etymologies | States of the United States ... These are lists of U.S. county name etymologies. ...

See also

• Placename etymology
• List of country name etymologies
• List of political entities named after people
• Lists of etymologies
• List of double placenames
• List of placenames containing the word "new"