NationMaster - Encyclopedia: List of thermal conductivities

This list may require cleanup to meet Wikipedia's quality standards.
Please help improve this list. It may be poorly defined, unverified or indiscriminate. (talk, help, how to edit)

In physics, thermal conductivity, k, is the intensive property of a material that indicates its ability to conduct heat. Image File history File links Information. ... Shortcut: WP:WIN Wikipedia is an online encyclopedia and, as a means to that end, also an online community. ... A magnet levitating above a high-temperature superconductor demonstrates the Meissner effect. ... An intensive property is sometimes defined as a ratio of two extensive properties. ... For other uses, see Heat (disambiguation) In physics, heat, symbolized by Q, is energy transferred from one body or system to another as a result of a difference in temperature. ...

It is defined as the quantity of heat, Q, transmitted in time t through a thickness L, in a direction normal to a surface of area A, due to a temperature difference ΔT, under steady state conditions and when the heat transfer is dependent only on the temperature gradient.

thermal conductivity = heat flow rate × distance / (area × temperature difference)

This list makes up the data for the smaller list provided in Thermal conductivity. In physics, thermal conductivity, k, is the intensive property of a material that indicates its ability to conduct heat. ...

Material	Thermal conductivity (W·m⁻¹·K⁻¹) Look up material in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... The watt (symbol: W) is the SI derived unit of power, equal to one joule per second. ... The metre (American English:meter) is a measure of length. ... The kelvin (symbol: K) is a unit increment of temperature and is one of the seven SI base units. ...	Temperature (K) This article includes a list of works cited or a list of external links, but its sources remain unclear because it lacks in-text citations. ...	Electrical conductivity @ 293 K (Ω⁻¹·m⁻¹) Electrical conductivity or specific conductivity is a measure of a materials ability to conduct an electric current. ... A multimeter can be used to measure resistance in ohms. ...	Notes
Diamond, purfied synthetic	ⁱ2,000-ⁱ2,500	ⁱ293	(Lateral)ⁱ10⁻¹⁶ - (Ballistic)ⁱ10⁸⁺	(>99.9%¹²C)
Diamond, impure	^ad1,000	^a273	ⁱ~10⁻¹⁶	Type I (98.1% of Gem Diamonds) (C+0.1%N) This article addresses the material properties of diamond. ... Ballistic conduction is the characteristic of a material with crystalline properties, allowing electrons to flow through the material without collisions. ... Carbon 12 is a stable isotope of the element carbon. ... This article is about the gemstone. ... Jewelers diamonds in groups of similar colors. ... General Name, Symbol, Number carbon, C, 6 Chemical series nonmetals Group, Period, Block 14, 2, p Appearance black (graphite) colorless (diamond) Standard atomic weight 12. ... General Name, Symbol, Number nitrogen, N, 7 Chemical series nonmetals Group, Period, Block 15, 2, p Appearance colorless gas Standard atomic weight 14. ...
Silver, pure	^d406 - ^f418 - ^agi429	^agi300	^g61.35 - ⁱ63.01 × 10⁶	Highest electrical conductivity of any metal
Copper, pure	^d385 - ^f386 - ^e390 - ^gi401	^egi293	^g59.17 - ⁱ59.59 × 10⁶	IACS pure =1.7×10^-8Ω•m =58.82×10⁶Ω^-1•m^-1 General Name, Symbol, Number silver, Ag, 47 Chemical series transition metals Group, Period, Block 11, 5, d Appearance lustrous white metal Standard atomic weight 107. ... General Name, Symbol, Number copper, Cu, 29 Chemical series transition metals Group, Period, Block 11, 4, d Appearance metallic pinkish red Standard atomic weight 63. ... IACS may refer to: Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science International Annealed Copper Standard, a unit of electrical conductivity for metals and alloys. ...
Gold, pure	^d314 - ^fgi318	^gi300	ⁱ45.17 - ^g45.45 × 10⁶
Aluminium, pure	^d205 - ^f220 - ^egi237	^egi293	^g37.45 - ⁱ37.74 × 10⁶
Brass	^dg109 - ^f119 - ^f151 - ^g159	^g296	^g12.82 - ^g21.74 × 10⁶	(Cu+(37-15)%Zn)
Iron, pure	^f71.8 - ^d79.5 - ^a80.2 - ^gi80.4	^agi300	^g9.901 - ⁱ10.41 × 10⁶
Cast iron	^f55			(Fe+(2-4)%C+(1-3)%Si)
Carbon steel	^f36 - ^d50.2 - ^f54			(Fe+(1.5-0.5)%C)
Bronze	(^f(25%Sn)26) ^g42 - ^g50	^g296	^g5.882 - ^g7.143 × 10⁶	(Cu+11%Sn)
Lead, pure	^d34.7 - ^f35 - ^gi35.3	^gi300	ⁱ4.808 - ^g4.854 × 10⁶
Titanium, pure	^f15.6 - ^gi21.9	^gi300	^g1.852 - ⁱ2.381 × 10⁶
Stainless steel	^a14 - ^fg16.3	^a273 - ^g296	^g1.389 - ^g1.429 × 10⁶	(Fe+18%Cr+8%Ni)
Titanium Alloy	^g5.8	^g296	^g0.595 × 10⁶	(Ti+6%Al+4%V)
Granite	^b1.73 - ^b3.98			(72%SiO₂+14%Al₂O₃+4%K₂O etc.)
Marble	^b2.07 - ^b2.94			Mostly CaCO₃
Thermal grease, silver-based	ⁱ2 - ⁱ3
Sandstone	^b1.83 - ^b2.90			~95-71%SiO₂
Ice	^d1.6 - ^e2.1 - ^a2.2	^e293 - ^a273
Limestone	^b1.26 - ^b1.33			Mostly CaCO₃
Concrete	^d0.8 - ^e1.28	^e293		~61-67%CaO
Glass	^d0.8−^e0.93(^g(96%SiO₂)1.2-1.4)	^e(g)293	10⁻¹⁴ - ^(g)10⁻¹² - 10⁻¹⁰	<1% Iron oxides
Fibre-reinforced plastics	^g0.23 - ^g0.7 - ^e1.06	^g296 - ^e293	^g10⁻¹⁵ - ^g10⁰	10-40%GF or CF
Soil	^c0.17 - ^c1.13
Water	^de0.6	^de293	5×(Pure)ⁱ10⁻⁶-(Sweet)ⁱ10^−3±1-(Sea)ⁱ1	<3%(NaCl+MgCl₂+CaCl₂)
High-Density Polymers	^g0.33 - ^g0.52	^g296	^g10⁻¹⁶ - ^g10²
Glycerol	^e0.29	^e293
Wood, +>=12% water	^h0.09091 - ^a0.16 - ^h0.21 - ^e0.4	^a298 - ^e293		^hSpecies-Variable
Low-Density Polymers	^g0.04 - ^e0.16 - ^e0.25 - ^g0.33	^g296 - ^e293	^g10⁻¹⁷ - ^g10⁰
Rubber (92%)	^a0.16	^a303	~10⁻¹³
Alcohols OR Oils	^e0.1 - ^e0.21	^e293
Wood, oven-dry	^d0.04 - ^h0.07692 - ^d0.12 - ^h0.17			^hCedar - ^hHickory
Snow, dry	^d0.11
Cork	^d0.04 - ^e0.07	^e293
Fiberglass OR Foam OR Wool	^e0.03 - ^d0.04 - ^e0.045	^e293
Expanded polystyrene	^ad0.033 - (^g(PS Only)0.1 - 0.13)	^a98-^a298-^(g)296	^(g)<10⁻¹⁴ - ^(g)10⁰	(PS+Air+CO₂+C_nH_2n+x)
Air	^d0.024 - ^e0.025 - ^a0.0262	^d273-^e293-^a300		(N+21%O+0.93%Ar+0.04%CO₂) (1 atm) General Name, Symbol, Number gold, Au, 79 Chemical series transition metals Group, Period, Block 11, 6, d Appearance metallic yellow Standard atomic weight 196. ... General Name, Symbol, Number aluminium, Al, 13 Chemical series poor metals Group, Period, Block 13, 3, p Appearance silvery Standard atomic weight 26. ... For other uses, see Brass (disambiguation). ... General Name, Symbol, Number copper, Cu, 29 Chemical series transition metals Group, Period, Block 11, 4, d Appearance metallic pinkish red Standard atomic weight 63. ... General Name, Symbol, Number zinc, Zn, 30 Chemical series transition metals Group, Period, Block 12, 4, d Appearance bluish pale gray Standard atomic weight 65. ... General Name, Symbol, Number iron, Fe, 26 Chemical series transition metals Group, Period, Block 8, 4, d Appearance lustrous metallic with a grayish tinge Standard atomic weight 55. ... Cast iron usually refers to grey cast iron, but can mean any of a group of iron-based alloys containing more than 2% carbon (alloys with less carbon are carbon steel by definition). ... General Name, Symbol, Number iron, Fe, 26 Chemical series transition metals Group, Period, Block 8, 4, d Appearance lustrous metallic with a grayish tinge Standard atomic weight 55. ... General Name, Symbol, Number carbon, C, 6 Chemical series nonmetals Group, Period, Block 14, 2, p Appearance black (graphite) colorless (diamond) Standard atomic weight 12. ... General Name, Symbol, Number silicon, Si, 14 Chemical series metalloids Group, Period, Block 14, 3, p Appearance as coarse powder, dark grey with bluish tinge Standard atomic weight 28. ... Carbon steel, also called plain carbon steel, is a metal alloy, a combination of two elements, iron and carbon, where other elements are present in quantities too small to affect the properties. ... General Name, Symbol, Number iron, Fe, 26 Chemical series transition metals Group, Period, Block 8, 4, d Appearance lustrous metallic with a grayish tinge Standard atomic weight 55. ... General Name, Symbol, Number carbon, C, 6 Chemical series nonmetals Group, Period, Block 14, 2, p Appearance black (graphite) colorless (diamond) Standard atomic weight 12. ... Assorted ancient Bronze castings found as part of a cache, probably intended for recycling. ... General Name, Symbol, Number tin, Sn, 50 Chemical series poor metals Group, Period, Block 14, 5, p Appearance silvery lustrous gray Standard atomic weight 118. ... General Name, Symbol, Number copper, Cu, 29 Chemical series transition metals Group, Period, Block 11, 4, d Appearance metallic pinkish red Standard atomic weight 63. ... General Name, Symbol, Number tin, Sn, 50 Chemical series poor metals Group, Period, Block 14, 5, p Appearance silvery lustrous gray Standard atomic weight 118. ... For Pb as an abbreviation, see PB. General Name, Symbol, Number lead, Pb, 82 Chemical series Post-transition metals or poor metals Group, Period, Block 14, 6, p Appearance bluish gray Standard atomic weight 207. ... General Name, Symbol, Number titanium, Ti, 22 Chemical series transition metals Group, Period, Block 4, 4, d Appearance silvery metallic Standard atomic weight 47. ... The 630 foot high, stainless-clad (type 304L) Gateway Arch defines St. ... General Name, Symbol, Number iron, Fe, 26 Chemical series transition metals Group, Period, Block 8, 4, d Appearance lustrous metallic with a grayish tinge Standard atomic weight 55. ... General Name, Symbol, Number chromium, Cr, 24 Chemical series transition metals Group, Period, Block 6, 4, d Appearance silvery metallic Standard atomic weight 51. ... General Name, Symbol, Number nickel, Ni, 28 Chemical series transition metals Group, Period, Block 10, 4, d Appearance lustrous, metallic and silvery with a gold tinge Standard atomic weight 58. ... General Name, Symbol, Number titanium, Ti, 22 Chemical series transition metals Group, Period, Block 4, 4, d Appearance silvery metallic Standard atomic weight 47. ... An alloy is a homogeneous mixture of two or more elements, at least one of which is a metal, and where the resulting material has metallic properties. ... General Name, Symbol, Number titanium, Ti, 22 Chemical series transition metals Group, Period, Block 4, 4, d Appearance silvery metallic Standard atomic weight 47. ... General Name, Symbol, Number aluminium, Al, 13 Chemical series poor metals Group, Period, Block 13, 3, p Appearance silvery Standard atomic weight 26. ... General Name, Symbol, Number vanadium, V, 23 Chemical series transition metals Group, Period, Block 5, 4, d Appearance silver-grey metal Standard atomic weight 50. ... Close-up of granite from Yosemite National Park, valley of the Merced River Quarrying granite for the Mormon Temple, Utah Territory. ... R-phrases R42 R43 R49 S-phrases S22 S36 S37 S45 S53 Flash point non-flammable Supplementary data page Structure and properties n, Îµr, etc. ... Aluminium oxide is a chemical compound of aluminium and oxygen with the chemical formula Al2O3. ... Potassium oxide is a compound of potassium and oxygen used mainly as a intermediate in inorganic synthesis. ... Close-up of granite from Yosemite National Park, valley of the Merced River Quarrying granite for the Mormon Temple, Utah Territory. ... Venus de Milo, front. ... Calcium carbonate is a chemical compound, with chemical formula CaCO3. ... Silicone thermal compound Metal (silver) thermal compound Metal thermal grease applied to a chip Surface imperfections Thermal grease (also called thermal compound, thermal paste, or heat sink compound) is a substance that increases thermal conductivity between the surfaces of two or more objects. ... Red sandstone interior of Lower Antelope Canyon, Arizona, worn smooth due to erosion by flash flooding over millions of years Sandstone is a sedimentary rock composed mainly of sand-size mineral or rock grains. ... R-phrases R42 R43 R49 S-phrases S22 S36 S37 S45 S53 Flash point non-flammable Supplementary data page Structure and properties n, Îµr, etc. ... Snowflakes by Wilson Bentley, 1902 Ice is the name given to any one of the 14 known solid phases of water. ... -1... Calcium carbonate is a chemical compound, with chemical formula CaCO3. ... Concrete being poured, raked and vibrated into place in residential construction in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. ... Calcium oxide (CaO), commonly known as lime, quicklime or burnt lime, is a widely used chemical compound. ... Glass can be made transparent and flat, or into other shapes and colors as shown in this sphere from the Verrerie of Brehat in Brittany. ... R-phrases R42 R43 R49 S-phrases S22 S36 S37 S45 S53 Flash point non-flammable Supplementary data page Structure and properties n, Îµr, etc. ... Iron oxide pigment There are a number of iron oxides: Iron oxides Iron(II) oxide or ferrous oxide (FeO) The black-coloured powder in particular can cause explosions as it readily ignites. ... Fibre-reinforced plastic (FRP) (also Fibre-reinforced polymer) is a composite material comprising a polymer matrix reinforced with fibres. ... Bundle of fiberglass Fiberglass or glassfibre is material made from extremely fine fibers of glass. ... Carbon fiber composite is a strong, light and very expensive material. ... Loess field in Germany Surface-water-gley developed in glacial till, Northern Ireland Technically, soil forms the pedosphere: the interface between the lithosphere (rocky part of the planet) and the biosphere, atmosphere, and hydrosphere. ... Impact from a water drop causes an upward rebound jet surrounded by circular capillary waves. ... Deionized water (DI water or de-ionized water; also spelled deionised water, see spelling differences) is water that lacks ions, such as cations from sodium, calcium, iron, copper and anions such as chloride and bromide. ... Drinking water Mineral Water Drinking water is water that is intended to be ingested by humans. ... Sea water is water from a sea or ocean. ... Jordanian and Israeli salt evaporation ponds at the south end of the Dead Sea Sodium chloride, also known as common salt, table salt, or halite, is a chemical compound with the formula NaCl. ... Magnesium chloride is composed of magnesium and chlorine and is a typical ionic halide, being highly polar and soluble in water. ... Calcium chloride is a chemical compound of calcium and chlorine. ... In physics, density is mass m per unit volume V. For the common case of a homogeneous substance, it is expressed as: where, in SI units: Ï (rho) is the density of the substance, measured in kgÂ·m-3 m is the mass of the substance, measured in kg V is... A polymer is a substance composed of molecules with large molecular mass composed of repeating structural units, or monomers, connected by covalent chemical bonds. ... Glycerol is a chemical compound with the formula HOCH2CH(OH)CH2OH. This colorless, odorless, viscous liquid is widely used in pharmaceutical formulations. ... Trunks A tree trunk as found at the Veluwe, The Netherlands Wood is a solid material derived from woody plants, notably trees but also shrubs. ... Latex being collected from a tapped rubber tree Rubber is an elastic hydrocarbon polymer which occurs as a milky colloidal suspension (known as latex) in the sap of several varieties of plants. ... Functional group of an alcohol molecule. ... Synthetic motor oil An oil is any substance that is in a viscous liquid state (oily) at ambient temperatures or slightly warmer, and is both hydrophobic (immiscible with water, literally water fearing) and lipophilic (miscible with other oils, literally fat loving). This general definition includes compound classes with otherwise unrelated... Species Cedrus deodara Cedrus libani var. ... Species See text Comparison of Carya nuts Ripe hickory nuts ready to fall, Andrews, SC Hickory is a tree of the genus Carya, including 17-19 species of deciduous trees with pinnately compound leaves and large nuts. ... Animation of snowcover changing with the seasons Trees covered with snow Snow covering a leaf. ... A cork stopper for a wine bottle Champagne corks Varnished cork tiles can be used for flooring, as a substitute for linoleum or tiles. ... Bundle of fiberglass Fiberglass or glassfibre is material made from extremely fine fibers of glass. ... Sea foam on the beach. ... Wool may be: Wool is a fiber derived from animals. ... Polystyrene is a polymer made from the monomer styrene, a liquid hydrocarbon that is commercially manufactured from petroleum by the chemical industry. ... Polystyrene is a polymer made from the monomer styrene, a liquid hydrocarbon that is commercially manufactured from petroleum by the chemical industry. ... Polystyrene is a polymer made from the monomer styrene, a liquid hydrocarbon that is commercially manufactured from petroleum by the chemical industry. ... Layers of Atmosphere - not to scale (NOAA)[3] Earths atmosphere is a layer of gases surrounding the planet Earth and retained by the Earths gravity. ... Carbon dioxide is a chemical compound composed of one carbon and two oxygen atoms, and is in a gaseous state in the atmosphere of the Earth. ... In chemistry, a hydrocarbon is a cleaning solution consisting only of carbon (C) and hydrogen (H). ... Layers of Atmosphere - not to scale (NOAA)[3] Earths atmosphere is a layer of gases surrounding the planet Earth and retained by the Earths gravity. ... General Name, Symbol, Number nitrogen, N, 7 Chemical series nonmetals Group, Period, Block 15, 2, p Appearance colorless gas Standard atomic weight 14. ... General Name, Symbol, Number oxygen, O, 8 Chemical series nonmetals, chalcogens Group, Period, Block 16, 2, p Appearance colorless (gas) very pale blue (liquid) Standard atomic weight 15. ... General Name, Symbol, Number argon, Ar, 18 Chemical series noble gases Group, Period, Block 18, 3, p Appearance colorless Standard atomic weight 39. ... Carbon dioxide is a chemical compound composed of one carbon and two oxygen atoms, and is in a gaseous state in the atmosphere of the Earth. ... Standard atmosphere (symbol: atm) is a unit of pressure. ...
Oxygen, pure	^d0.0238 - ⁱ0.02658	^d293 - ⁱ300		(O₂) (1 atm)
Nitrogen, pure	^d0.0234 - ⁱ0.02583 - ^a0.026	^d293 - ^ai300		(N₂) (1 atm)
Silica Aerogel	^a0.003-ⁱ0.004-^k0.008-^k0.017-ⁱ0.03	^a98 - ^a298		Foamed Glass
Material	Thermal conductivity (W·m⁻¹·K⁻¹) General Name, Symbol, Number oxygen, O, 8 Chemical series nonmetals, chalcogens Group, Period, Block 16, 2, p Appearance colorless (gas) very pale blue (liquid) Standard atomic weight 15. ... General Name, Symbol, Number oxygen, O, 8 Chemical series nonmetals, chalcogens Group, Period, Block 16, 2, p Appearance colorless (gas) very pale blue (liquid) Standard atomic weight 15. ... General Name, Symbol, Number nitrogen, N, 7 Chemical series nonmetals Group, Period, Block 15, 2, p Appearance colorless gas Standard atomic weight 14. ... General Name, Symbol, Number nitrogen, N, 7 Chemical series nonmetals Group, Period, Block 15, 2, p Appearance colorless gas Standard atomic weight 14. ... A 2. ... Sea foam on the beach. ... Glass can be made transparent and flat, or into other shapes and colors as shown in this sphere from the Verrerie of Brehat in Brittany. ... Look up material in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... The watt (symbol: W) is the SI derived unit of power, equal to one joule per second. ... The metre (American English:meter) is a measure of length. ... The kelvin (symbol: K) is a unit increment of temperature and is one of the seven SI base units. ...	Temperature (K) This article includes a list of works cited or a list of external links, but its sources remain unclear because it lacks in-text citations. ...	Electrical conductivity @ 293 K (Ω⁻¹·m⁻¹) Electrical conductivity or specific conductivity is a measure of a materials ability to conduct an electric current. ... A multimeter can be used to measure resistance in ohms. ...	Notes

References

^a CRC handbook of chemistry and physics (subscription is required to access the data)

^b Marble Institute

^c Soil Sci Journals

^d Georgia State University - Hyperphysics

^e Hukseflux Thermal Sensors

^f Engineers Edge

^g GoodFellow

^h Physical Properties and Moisture Relations of Wood

ⁱ Other listings within Wikipedia references (this table may not be cited, pure elements are sourced from Chemical elements data references, otherwise an in-table linked-page must list the relevant references)

^j Clarity requires that no reference is to use this letter

^k Thermal Properties - Silica Aerogels

Heat Conduction Calculator Recommended values for many properties of the elements, together with various references, are collected on these data pages. ...

Thermal conductivity of air as a function of temperature can be found at James Ierardi's Fire Protection Engineering Site

References GA_googleFillSlot("encyclopedia_square");

See also

References