NationMaster - Encyclopedia: List of volcanoes in Indonesia

This is a list of volcanoes in Indonesia. Most of these volcanoes are currently active. The geography of Indonesia mainly consists of volcanoes and they are part of the Pacific Ring of Fire. These are formed due to the subduction zones between Eurasian plate and Indo-Australian plate. Some of the volcanoes are notable for their eruptions: Krakatoa in 1883,^[1] Lake Toba for its supervolcano eruption,^[2] and Mount Tambora in 1815 for the most violent eruption in recorded history.^[3] This is a file from the Wikimedia Commons, a repository of free content hosted by the Wikimedia Foundation. ... This is a file from the Wikimedia Commons, a repository of free content hosted by the Wikimedia Foundation. ... Active volcanoes are volcanoes constantly erupting, including Pompeii and Krakatoa. ... Indonesia is situated in Southeast Asia, in the Malay Archipelago between the Indian Ocean and the Pacific Oceans. ... Volcano 1. ... The Pacific Ring of Fire The Pacific Ring of Fire is a zone of frequent earthquakes and volcanic eruptions encircling the basin of the Pacific Ocean. ... Categories: Geology stubs | Plate tectonics ... The Eurasian plate, shown in green The Eurasian Plate is a tectonic plate covering Eurasia (a landmass consisting of the continents Europe and Asia) except that it does not cover the Indian subcontinent, the Arabian subcontinent, and the area east of the Verkhoyansk Range in East Siberia. ... Categories: Plate tectonics | Geology stubs ... Krakatoa (Indonesian name: Krakatau, Portuguese name: Krakatao) is a volcanic island in the Sunda Strait between Java and Sumatra in Indonesia. ... View of Lake Toba Lake Toba is a large lake, 100km long and 30km wide, in the middle of the northern part of the Indonesian island of Sumatra. ... A supervolcano refers to a volcano that produces the largest and most voluminous kinds of eruption on Earth. ... Mount Tambora is an active stratovolcano on Sumbawa island, Indonesia. ...

1 Geographically
2 See also
3 References
4 Further readings
5 External links

Geographically

Sumatra

The geography of Sumatra island is dominated by a mountain range called Bukit Barisan (lit: "a row of hills"). It spans nearly 1,700 km (1,050 mi) from the northern tip to the southern tip of the island. The mountain range is formed due to subduction zone of the Australian tectonic plate that pushes the Sunda Plate to the northeast.^[4] The tectonic movement has known for major earthquakes on the western side of the island, including the 2004 Sumatra-Andaman earthquake.^[5]^[6] Besides earthquake, the tectonic movement system, known as Sunda Trench system, has created many magma chambers beneath the island.^[4] 35 mountains on the island are active volcanos. Only one of them is formed separately as a small island. The largest volcano is the supervolcano Toba, that has left a large caldera known as Lake Toba in North Sumatra after its supervolcanic eruption in 74 ka BP with estimated scale 8 (the highest on VEI scale).^[2] The highest peak of the mountain range is Mount Kerinci with 3,800 m (12,467 ft). Sumatra (also spelled Sumatera) is the sixth largest island of the world (approximately 470,000 kmÂ²) and is the largest island entirely in Indonesia (two larger islands, Borneo and New Guinea, are partially in Indonesia). ... The Himalaya as seen from the International Space Station A mountain range is a group of mountains bordered by lowlands or separated from other mountain ranges by passes or rivers. ... This does not cite its references or sources. ... Categories: Geology stubs | Plate tectonics ... Categories: Plate tectonics | Geology stubs ... Sunda Plate ... ... An earthquake is a phenomenon that results from and is powered by the sudden release of stored energy in the crust that propagates seismic waves. ... The tsunami caused by the December 26, 2004 earthquake strikes Ao Nang, Thailand. ... Categories: Geology stubs | Plate tectonics ... A magma chamber is a chamber typically between 1 km and 10 km beneath the surface of the Earth formed as rising magma forms a reservoir if it is unable to rise any further. ... Active volcanoes are volcanoes constantly erupting, including Pompeii and Krakatoa. ... A supervolcano refers to a volcano that produces the largest and most voluminous kinds of eruption on Earth. ... View of Lake Toba Lake Toba is a large lake, 100km long and 30km wide, in the middle of the northern part of the Indonesian island of Sumatra. ... Map of North Sumatra province within Indonesia North Sumatra (Indonesian: Sumatera Utara) is one of the provinces of Indonesia. ... Annum is a Latin noun meaning year. ... Before Present (BP) years are the units of time (counted backwards to the past) used to report raw radiocarbon ages and dates referenced to the BP scale origin in the year AD 1950 (identical to 1950 CE). ... VEI and ejecta volume correlation The Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI) was devised by Chris Newhall of the U.S. Geological Survey and Steve Self at the University of Hawaii in 1982 to provide a relative measure of the explosiveness of volcanic eruptions. ... Mount Kerinci is the highest mountain of Sumatra, Indonesia, located in the Kerinci Seblat national park. ...

Name	Shape	Elevation		Last eruption (VEI)	Geolocation
Name	Shape	(m)	(ft)	Last eruption (VEI)	Geolocation
Weh Island	stratovolcano	617	2,024	pleistocene	5.82° N 95.28° E
Seulawah Agam	stratovolcano	1,810	5,938	1839 (2)	5.448° N 95.658° E
Peuet Sague	complex volcano	2,801	9,190	25 December 2000 (2)	4.914° N 96.329° E
Geureudong	stratovolcano	2,885	9,465	1937	4.813° N 96.82° E
Kembar	shield volcano	2,245	7,365	pleistocene	3.850° N 97.664° E
Sibayak	stratovolcano	2,212	7,257	1881	3.23° N 98.52° E
Sinabung	stratovolcano	2,460	8,071	unknown	3.17° N 98.392° E
Toba	supervolcano	2,157	7,077	unknown	2.58° N 98.83° E
Helatoba-Tarutung	fumarole field	1,100	3,609	pleistocene	2.03° N 98.93° E
Imun	unknown	1,505	4,938	unknown	2.158° N 98.93° E
Sibualbuali	stratovolcano	1,819	5,968	unknown	1.556° N 99.255° E
Lubukraya	stratovolcano	1,862	6,109	unknown	1.478° N 99.209° E
Sorikmarapi	stratovolcano	2,145	7,037	1986 (1)	0.686° N 99.539° E
Talakmau	complex volcano	2,919	9,577	unknown	0.079° N 99.98° E
Sarik-Gajah	volcanic cone	unknown	unknown	unknown	0.008° N 100.20° E
Marapi	complex volcano	2,891	9,485	5 August 2004 (2)	0.381° S 100.473° E
Tandikat	stratovolcano	2,438	7 999	1924 (1)	0.433° S 100.317° E
Talang	stratovolcano	2,597	8,520	12 April 2005 (2)	0.978° S 100.679° E
Kerinci	stratovolcano	3,800	12,467	22 June 2004 (2)	1.697° S 101.264° E
Hutapanjang	stratovolcano	2,021	6,631	unknown	2.33° S 101.60° E
Sumbing	stratovolcano	2,507	8,225	23 May 1921 (2)	2.414° S 101.728° E
Kunyit	stratovolcano	2,151	7,057	unknown	2.592° S 101.63° E
Pendan	unknown	unknown	unknown	unknown	2.82° S 102.02° E
Belirang-Beriti	compound	1,958	6,424	unknown	2.82° S 102.18° E
Bukit Daun	stratovolcano	2,467	8,094	unknown	3.38° S 102.37° E
Kaba	stratovolcano	1,952	6,404	22 August 2000 (1)	3.52° S 102.62° E
Dempo	stratovolcano	3,173	10,410	October 1994 (1)	4.03° S 103.13° E
Patah	unknown	2,817	9,242	unknown	4.27° S 103.30° E
Bukit Lumut Balai	stratovolcano	2,055	6,742	unknown	4.23° S 103.62° E
Besar	stratovolcano	1,899	6,230	April 1940 (1)	4.43° S 103.67° E
Ranau	caldera	1,881	6,171	unknown	4.83° S 103.92° E
Sekincau Belirang	caldera	1,719	5,640	unknown	5.12° S 104.32° E
Suoh	maar	1,000	3,281	10 July 1933 (4)	5.25° S 104.27° E
Hulubelu	caldera	1,040	3,412	unknown	5.35° S 104.60° E
Rajabasa	stratovolcano	1,281	4,202	unknown	5.78° S 105.625° E

Sibayak

Lake Toba landsat image.

Marapi

Mount Kerinci, the highest on Sumatra.

Source: Global Volcanism Program.^[7]

VEI and ejecta volume correlation The Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI) was devised by Chris Newhall of the U.S. Geological Survey and Steve Self at the University of Hawaii in 1982 to provide a relative measure of the explosiveness of volcanic eruptions. ... Weh Island or Pulau Weh or Pulo Weh is a small active volcanic island at the northwest of Sumatra. ... Stratovolcano Mount St. ... The Pleistocene epoch (IPA: ) is part of the geologic timescale. ... Seulawah Agam is an extensive forested volcano located at the northwestern tip of Sumatra. ... Stratovolcano Mount St. ... Peuet Sague is a volcanic complex in the northwest of Sumatra, Indonesia. ... Stratovolcano Mount St. ... Shield volcano Mauna Kea, a shield volcano, on the Island of Hawaiâ€˜i with a light dusting of snow. ... The Pleistocene epoch (IPA: ) is part of the geologic timescale. ... The Gunung Sibayak is a small volcano overlooking the town of Berastagi in northern Sumatra, Indonesia. ... Stratovolcano Mount St. ... Stratovolcano Mount St. ... View of Lake Toba Lake Toba is a large lake, 100km long and 30km wide, in the middle of the northern part of the Indonesian island of Sumatra. ... A supervolcano refers to a volcano that produces the largest and most voluminous kinds of eruption on Earth. ... Sulfur deposits near a fumarole A fumarole (Latin fumus, smoke) is an opening in Earths (or any other astronomical bodys) crust, often in the neighborhood of volcanoes, which emit steam and gases such as carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, hydrochloric acid, and hydrogen sulfide. ... The Pleistocene epoch (IPA: ) is part of the geologic timescale. ... Stratovolcano Mount St. ... Stratovolcano Mount St. ... Stratovolcano Mount St. ... Talakmau (also known as Talamau or Ophir) is a volcano in West Sumatra, Indonesia. ... PuÊ»u Ê»ÅŒÊ»Å, a cinder-and-spatter cone on KÄ«lauea, HawaiÊ»i Volcanic cones are among the simplest volcano formations. ... Marapi (also known as Merapi or Berapi) is a volcano in West Sumatra, Indonesia. ... Tandikat is a volcano in West Sumatra, Indonesia. ... Stratovolcano Mount St. ... Three months after the tsunami struck, the people of Aceh, Indonesia, are struggling to put their lives together, according to the nations officials. ... Stratovolcano Mount St. ... Mount Kerinci is the highest mountain of Sumatra, Indonesia, located in the Kerinci Seblat national park. ... Stratovolcano Mount St. ... Stratovolcano Mount St. ... Stratovolcano Mount St. ... Stratovolcano Mount St. ... Stratovolcano Mount St. ... Kaba, a twin volcano with Mount Hitam, has an elongated summit crater complex dominated by three large historically active craters trending ENE from the summit to the upper NE flank. ... Stratovolcano Mount St. ... Stratovolcano Mount St. ... Stratovolcano Mount St. ... Stratovolcano Mount St. ... Satellite image of Santorini. ... Satellite image of Santorini. ... Ukinrek Maars, Alaska; the result of a 10-day eruption in 1977. ... Satellite image of Santorini. ... Stratovolcano Mount St. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Sibayak. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Sibayak. ... The Gunung Sibayak is a small volcano overlooking the town of Berastagi in northern Sumatra, Indonesia. ... Lake Toba, Sumatra, Indonesia - Landsat satellite photo Source: NASA, public domain https://zulu. ... Lake Toba, Sumatra, Indonesia - Landsat satellite photo Source: NASA, public domain https://zulu. ... View of Lake Toba Lake Toba is a large lake, 100km long and 30km wide, in the middle of the northern part of the Indonesian island of Sumatra. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (2048x1536, 729 KB) VolcÃ¡n Marapi visto desde Bukittinggi, Sumatra Occidental, Indonesia. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (2048x1536, 729 KB) VolcÃ¡n Marapi visto desde Bukittinggi, Sumatra Occidental, Indonesia. ... Marapi (also known as Merapi or Berapi) is a volcano in West Sumatra, Indonesia. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Kerinci. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Kerinci. ... Mount Kerinci is the highest mountain of Sumatra, Indonesia, located in the Kerinci Seblat national park. ...

Sunda Strait and Java

Sunda Strait separates Sumatra and Java island. Krakatau is located right in the middle of it. Krakatau erupted violently in 1883, which it has destroyed two-thirds of the island and left a large caldera under the sea.^[1] A new parasitic cone, called Anak Krakatau or the child of Krakatau, has arisen from the sea at the center of the Krakatau caldera in 1930.^[8] The other 'Krakatau islands' which were formed after the 1883 eruptions are known as Sertung, Panjang and Rakata. The Sunda Strait The Sunda Strait is the strait between the Indonesian islands of Java and Sumatra. ... This is the current Indonesian Collaboration of the fortnight. ... Simplified diagram A strait is a narrow channel of water that connects two larger bodies of water, and thus lies between two land masses. ... An early 19th century image of Krakatoa. ... Satellite cone (or parasitic cone) is a geographical feature found around a volcano. ...

Java is a relatively small island, compared to Sumatra, but it has denser concentration of active volcanos. In total, there are 45 active volcanos, not including 20 small craters and cones in the Dieng volcanic complex and young cones in Tengger Caldera complex. Some volcanos are grouped together in the list below, because of their close location. Several volcanos are highly active. Mount Merapi, Semeru and Kelut are the most active volcanos. Mount Semeru has been continously erupting since 1967. Ijen has a unique colorful caldera, where tens of mining workers pick highly concentrated sulfur rocks by hand daily. Dieng Plateau, located near Wonosobo, Central Java, is the site for eight small Hindu temples from the 7th and 8th centuries, the oldest in Central Java. ... Mount Bromo (also known as Tengger Caldera) is one of the most popular tourist attractions in East Java, Indonesia. ... Mount Merapi, Gunung Merapi in Indonesian language, is a conical volcano in Central Java, Indonesia. ... Semeru volcano Semeru is the tallest volcano on the island of Java and is also one of its most active. ... Kelut is a volcano located on the island of Java in Indonesia. ... The Ijen volcano complex is a group of stratovolcanoes inside a larger caldera Ijen, which is about 20 kilometers wide. ... Satellite image of Santorini. ...

Name	Shape	Elevation		Last eruption (VEI)	Geolocation
Name	Shape	(m)	(ft)	Last eruption (VEI)	Geolocation
Krakatau	caldera	813	2,667	21 July 2001 (1)	6.102° S 105.423° E
Pulosari	stratovolcano	1,346	4,416	unknown	6.342° S 105.975° E
Karang	stratovolcano	1,778	5,833	unknown	6.27° S 106.042° E
Kiaraberes-Gagak	stratovolcano	1,511	4,957	6 April 1939 (1)	6.73° S 106.65° E
Perbakti	stratovolcano	1,699	5,574	unknown	6.75° S 106.68° E
Salak	stratovolcano	2,211	7,254	31 January 1938 (2)	6.72° S 106.73° E
Gede	stratovolcano	2,958	9,705	13 March 1957 (2)	6.78° S 106.98° E
Patuha	stratovolcano	2,434	7,986	unknown	7.160° S 107.40° E
Wayang-Windu	lava dome	2,182	7,159	unknown	7.208° S 107.63° E
Malabar	stratovolcano	2,343	7,687	unknown	7.13° S 107.65° E
Tangkuban Parahu	stratovolcano	2,084	6,837	14 September 1983 (1)	6.77° S 107.60° E
Papandayan	stratovolcano	2,665	8,743	11 November 2002 (2)	7.32° S 107.73° E
Kendang	stratovolcano	2,608	8,556	unknown	7.23° S 107.72° E
Kawah Kamojang	stratovolcano	1,730	5,676	pleistocene	7.125° S 107.80° E
Guntur	complex volcano	2,249	7,379	16 October 1847 (2)	7.143° S 107.840° E
Tampomas	stratovolcano	1,684	5,525	unknown	6.77° S 107.95° E
Galunggung	stratovolcano	2,168	7,113	9 January 1984 (1)	7.25° S 108.058° E
Talagabodas	stratovolcano	2,201	7,221	unknown	7.208° S 108.07° E
Kawah Karaha	fumarole	1,155	3,789	unknown	7.12° S 108.08° E
Cereme	stratovolcano	3,078	10,098	unknown	6.892° S 108.40° E
Slamet	stratovolcano	3,428	11,247	1 May 1999 (1)	7.242° S 109.208° E
Dieng	complex volcano	2,565	8,415	31 December 1996 (1)	7.20° S 109.92° E
Sundoro	stratovolcano	3,136	10,289	29 October 1971 (2)	7.30° S 109.992° E
Sumbing	stratovolcano	3,371	11,060	1730 (1)	7.384° S 110.070° E
Ungaran	stratovolcano	2,050	6,726	unknown	7.18° S 110.33° E
Telomoyo	stratovolcano	1,894	6,214	unknown	7.37° S 110.40° E
Merbabu	stratovolcano	3,145	10,318	1797 (2)	7.45° S 110.43° E
Merapi	stratovolcano	2,968	9,738	15 May 2006^[9]	7.542° S 110.442° E
Muria	stratovolcano	1,625	5,331	160 BC ± 30 years	6.62° S 110.88° E
Lawu	stratovolcano	3,265	10,712	28 November 1885 (1)	7.625° S 111.192° E
Wilis	stratovolcano	2,563	8,409	unknown	7.808° S 111.758° E
Kelut	stratovolcano	1,731	5,679	10 February 1990 (4)	7.93° S 112.308° E
Kawi-Butak	stratovolcano	2,651	8,698	unknown	7.92° S 112.45° E
Arjuno-Welirang	stratovolcano	3,339	10,955	15 August 1952 (0)	7.725° S 112.58° E
Penanggungan	stratovolcano	1,653	5,423	unknown	7.62° S 112.63° E
Malang Plain	maar	680	2,231	unknown	8.02° S 112.68° E
Semeru	stratovolcano	3,676	12,060	1967–2006 continuing (3)	8.108° S 112.92° E
Tengger	stratovolcano	2,329	7,641	8 June 2004 (2)	7.942° S 112.95° E
Lamongan	stratovolcano	1,651	5,417	5 February 1898 (2)	7.979° S 113.342° E
Lurus	complex volcano	539	1,768	unknown	7.73° S 113.58° E
Iyang-Argapura	complex volcano	3,088	10,131	unknown	7.97° S 113.57° E
Raung	stratovolcano	3,332	10,932	2 June 2002 (2)	8.125° S 114.042° E
Ijen	stratovolcano	2,799	9,183	28 June 1999 (1)	8.058° S 114.242° E
Baluran	stratovolcano	1,247	4,091	unknown	7.85° S 114.37° E

Anak Krakatau or the child of Krakatau.

The "upturned boat" or Tangkuban Perahu shape, captured from Bandung.

Lightning strikes during the 1982 Galunggung eruption.

Mount Merapi, the most active volcano in Indonesia.

Semeru, the highest on Java and it has been erupting since 1967.

The turquiose colored sulfuric lake on the Ijen caldera.

Source: Global Volcanism Program.^[10]^[11]

id="Lesser_Sunda_Islands"> VEI and ejecta volume correlation The Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI) was devised by Chris Newhall of the U.S. Geological Survey and Steve Self at the University of Hawaii in 1982 to provide a relative measure of the explosiveness of volcanic eruptions. ... An early 19th century image of Krakatoa. ... Satellite image of Santorini. ... Pulosari is a volcano at the western end of Java, in Indonesia. ... Stratovolcano Mount St. ... This article is in need of attention. ... Stratovolcano Mount St. ... Stratovolcano Mount St. ... Stratovolcano Mount St. ... Stratovolcano Mount St. ... Stratovolcano Mount St. ... Stratovolcano Mount St. ... One of the Mono Craters, an example of a rhyolite dome. ... Stratovolcano Mount St. ... Tangkuban Parahu is an active volcano 30 km north of the city of Bandung, the provincial capital of West Java, Indonesia. ... Stratovolcano Mount St. ... Stratovolcano Mount St. ... Stratovolcano Mount St. ... Stratovolcano Mount St. ... The Pleistocene epoch (IPA: ) is part of the geologic timescale. ... Mount Guntur is an active stratovolcalo in western Java. ... Stratovolcano Mount St. ... Galunggung (Galoen-gong, Gunung Galunggung) is a stratovolcano on Java, Indonesia. ... Stratovolcano Mount St. ... Stratovolcano Mount St. ... Sulfur deposits near a fumarole A fumarole (Latin fumus, smoke) is an opening in Earths (or any other astronomical bodys) crust, often in the neighborhood of volcanoes, which emit steam and gases such as carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, hydrochloric acid, and hydrogen sulfide. ... Stratovolcano Mount St. ... Stratovolcano Mount St. ... Stratovolcano Mount St. ... Stratovolcano Mount St. ... Stratovolcano Mount St. ... Stratovolcano Mount St. ... Mount Merbabu (Indonesian: Gunung Merbabu), 3,142 m, is a dormant strato-volcano in Central Java province on the Indonesian island of Java. ... Stratovolcano Mount St. ... Mount Merapi, Gunung Merapi in Indonesian language, is a conical volcano in Central Java, Indonesia. ... Stratovolcano Mount St. ... Stratovolcano Mount St. ... Stratovolcano Mount St. ... Stratovolcano Mount St. ... Kelut is a volcano located on the island of Java in Indonesia. ... Stratovolcano Mount St. ... Stratovolcano Mount St. ... Stratovolcano Mount St. ... Stratovolcano Mount St. ... Ukinrek Maars, Alaska; the result of a 10-day eruption in 1977. ... Semeru volcano Semeru is the tallest volcano on the island of Java and is also one of its most active. ... Stratovolcano Mount St. ... Mount Bromo (also known as Tengger Caldera) is one of the most popular tourist attractions in East Java, Indonesia. ... Stratovolcano Mount St. ... Stratovolcano Mount St. ... Raung is one of Javas most active volcanoes. ... Stratovolcano Mount St. ... The Ijen volcano complex is a group of stratovolcanoes inside a larger caldera Ijen, which is about 20 kilometers wide. ... Stratovolcano Mount St. ... Baluran is a stratovolcano located on the island of Java. ... Stratovolcano Mount St. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Anak_Krakatau. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Anak_Krakatau. ... An early 19th century image of Krakatoa. ... Image File history File links TangkubanPerahu. ... Image File history File links TangkubanPerahu. ... Tangkuban Perahu is an active volcano at 6. ... Bandung is also the name of a Malaysian drink. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (960x530, 34 KB) United States Geological Survey photo of 1982 eruption of Galungung (with lightning strikes). ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (960x530, 34 KB) United States Geological Survey photo of 1982 eruption of Galungung (with lightning strikes). ... Please wikify (format) this article or section as suggested in the Guide to layout and the Manual of Style. ... Galunggung (Galoen-gong, Gunung Galunggung) is a stratovolcano on Java, Indonesia. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1024x527, 405 KB) Summary Photo of Statovolcano Merapi in central Java, Indonesia. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1024x527, 405 KB) Summary Photo of Statovolcano Merapi in central Java, Indonesia. ... Mount Merapi, Gunung Merapi in Indonesian language, is a conical volcano in Central Java, Indonesia. ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (1000x750, 58 KB) The Mahameru volcano on the island Java of Indonesia. ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (1000x750, 58 KB) The Mahameru volcano on the island Java of Indonesia. ... Semeru volcano Semeru is the tallest volcano on the island of Java and is also one of its most active. ... This is the current Indonesian Collaboration of the fortnight. ... ImageMetadata File history File links Ijen_volcano. ... ImageMetadata File history File links Ijen_volcano. ... General Name, Symbol, Number sulfur, S, 16 Chemical series nonmetals Group, Period, Block 16 (VIA), 3 , p Density, Hardness 1960 kg/m3, 2 Appearance Lemon yellow at STP Atomic properties Atomic weight 32. ... The Ijen volcano complex is a group of stratovolcanoes inside a larger caldera Ijen, which is about 20 kilometers wide. ...

Lesser Sunda Islands

From west to east, Lesser Sunda Islands consists of Bali, Lombok, Sumbawa, Flores, [[Sumbapizzalocated at the edge of the Australian continental shelf and volcanoes are formed because of oceanic crusts and the movement of the shelf. Some islands are completely formed by a single volcano; for example: Sangeang Api island. Mount Tambora, which erupted in 1815 with VEI scale 7, is located on Sumbawa island. Map of Lesser Sunda Islands The Nusa Tenggara, or Lesser Sunda Islands, are a group of islands in the middle-south part of the Malay Archipelago. ... This is the current Indonesian Collaboration of the week. ... Satellite photograph of Lombok, showing its volcano. ... Sumbawa is an Indonesian island, located in the middle of the Lesser Sunda Islands chain, with Lombok to the west, Flores to the east, and Sumba further to the southeast. ... Map of Flores Island Flores (Portuguese for flowers) is one of the Lesser Sunda Islands, an island arc with an estimated area of 14,300 kmÂ² extending east from the Java island of Indonesia. ... Sediment Rock Mantle The global continental shelf, highlighted in cyan The continental shelf is the extended perimeter of each continent, which is covered during interglacial periods such as the current epoch by relatively shallow seas (known as shelf seas) and gulfs. ... Age of oceanic crust Oceanic crust is the part of Earths lithosphere which underlies the ocean basins. ... Sangeang Api (Gunung Api or Gunung Sangeang) is an active volcano on the Indonesia island, Sangeang. ... Mount Tambora is an active stratovolcano on Sumbawa island, Indonesia. ...

Name	Shape	Elevation		Last eruption (VEI)	Geolocation
Name	Shape	(m)	(ft)	Last eruption (VEI)	Geolocation
Bratan	caldera	2,276	7,467	unknown	8.28° S 115.13° E
Batur	caldera	1,717	5,633	15 March 1999 (1)	8.242° S 115.375° E
Agung	stratovolcano	3,142	10,308	18 February 1963 (5)	8.342° S 115.508° E
Rinjani	stratovolcano	3,726	12,224	1 October 2004 (2)	8.42° S 116.47° E
Tambora	stratovolcano	2,850	9,350	1967 ± 20 years (0)	8.25° S 118.00° E
Sangeang Api	complex volcano	1,949	6,394	30 July 1985 (3)	8.20° S 119.07° E
Wai Sano	caldera	903	2,963	unknown	8.72° S 120.02° E
Poco Leok	unknown	1,675	5,495	unknown	8.68° S 120.48° E
Ranakah	lava dome	2,100	6,890	March 1991 (1)	8.62° S 120.52° E
Inierie	stratovolcano	2,245	7,365	8050 BC	8.875° S 120.95° E
Inieleka	complex vulcano	1,559	5,115	11 January 2001 (2)	8.73° S 120.98° E
Ebulobo	stratovolcano	2,124	6,969	27 February 1969 (2)	8.82° S 121.18° E
Iya	stratovolcano	637	2,090	27 January 1969 (3)	8.897° S 121.645° E
Sukaria	caldera	1,500	4,921	unknown	8.792° S 121.77° E
Ndete Napu	fumarole	750	2,461	unknown	8.72° S 121.78° E
Kelimutu	complex volcano	1,639	5,377	3 June 1968 (1)	8.77° S 121.82° E
Paluweh	stratovolcano	875	2,871	3 February 1985 (1)	8.32° S 121.708° E
Egon	stratovolcano	1,703	5,587	6 February 2005 (1)	8.67° S 122.45° E
Ilimuda	stratovolcano	1,100	3,609	unknown	8.478° S 122.671° E
Lewotobi	stratovolcano	1,703	5,587	30 May 2003 (2)	8.542° S 122.775° E
Leroboleng	complex volcano	1,117	3,665	26 June 2003 (3)	8.358° S 122.842° E
Riang Kotang	fumarole	200	656	unknown	8.30° S 122.892° E
Iliboleng	stratovolcano	1,659	5,443	June 1993 (1)	8.342° S 123.258° E
Lewotolo	stratovolcano	1,423	4,669	15 December 1951 (2)	8.272° S 123.505° E
Ililabalekan	stratovolcano	1,018	3,340	unknown	8.55° S 123.38° E
Iliwerung	complex volcano	1,018	3,340	22 May 1999 (0)	8.53° S 123.57° E
Batu Tara	stratovolcano	748	2,454	1847 (2)	7.792° S 123.579° E
Sirung	complex volcano	862	2,828	1970 (2)	8.508° S 124.13° E
Yersey	submarine	-3,800	-12,467	unknown	7.53° S 123.95° E

Mount Agung on Bali island.

Rinjani eruption in 1984.

A large Mount Tambora caldera after the 1815 eruption.

One of three different colored lake of Kelimutu.

Source: Global Volcanism Program.^[12]

VEI and ejecta volume correlation The Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI) was devised by Chris Newhall of the U.S. Geological Survey and Steve Self at the University of Hawaii in 1982 to provide a relative measure of the explosiveness of volcanic eruptions. ... Satellite image of Santorini. ... The historically active Mount Batur (Gunung Batur) is located at the center of two concentric calderas north west of Mount Agung. ... Satellite image of Santorini. ... Categories: Indonesia geography stubs | Volcanoes of Bali | Mountains of Indonesia ... Stratovolcano Mount St. ... Mount Rinjani is an active volcano in Indonesia on the island of Lombok. ... Stratovolcano Mount St. ... Mount Tambora is an active stratovolcano on Sumbawa island, Indonesia. ... Stratovolcano Mount St. ... Sangeang Api (Gunung Api or Gunung Sangeang) is an active volcano on the Indonesia island, Sangeang. ... Wai Sano is a volcano located in the western part of the island of Flores, Indonesia. ... Satellite image of Santorini. ... Poco Ranakah is a volcano located in the south-central part of the island of Flores, Indonesia. ... One of the Mono Craters, an example of a rhyolite dome. ... Inierie is a stratovolcano located in the south-central part of the island of Flores, Indonesia, overlooking the Savu Sea. ... Stratovolcano Mount St. ... Ebulobo is a stratovolcano located in the south-central part of the island of Flores, Indonesia. ... Stratovolcano Mount St. ... Iya is a volcano located in the south-central part of the island of Flores, Indonesia, south of the city of Ende. ... Stratovolcano Mount St. ... Satellite image of Santorini. ... Sulfur deposits near a fumarole A fumarole (Latin fumus, smoke) is an opening in Earths (or any other astronomical bodys) crust, often in the neighborhood of volcanoes, which emit steam and gases such as carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, hydrochloric acid, and hydrogen sulfide. ... Two eastern volcanic lakes of Kelimutu Kelimutu is a small but well-known Indonesian volcano in central Flores Island with three summit crater lakes of varying colors. ... Rokatenda also known as Paluweh, is a stratovolcano mountain located in Palue Island, north of Flores Island, Indonesia. ... Stratovolcano Mount St. ... Mount Egon is a volcano located in the southeastern part of the island of Flores, Indonesia. ... Stratovolcano Mount St. ... Ilimuda is a volcano located in the eastern part of the island of Flores, Indonesia. ... Stratovolcano Mount St. ... Lewotobi is a twin volcano located in the southeastern part of the island of Flores, Indonesia. ... Stratovolcano Mount St. ... Leroboleng is a volcano located in the eastern part of the island of Flores, Indonesia. ... Sulfur deposits near a fumarole A fumarole (Latin fumus, smoke) is an opening in Earths (or any other astronomical bodys) crust, often in the neighborhood of volcanoes, which emit steam and gases such as carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, hydrochloric acid, and hydrogen sulfide. ... The Iliboleng stratovolcano is located at the southeast end of Adonara Island. ... Stratovolcano Mount St. ... Lewotolo is a stratovolcano located in the north-central part of the island of Lembata, Indonesia. ... Stratovolcano Mount St. ... Ililabalekan is a volcano located in the south-central part of the island of Lembata, Indonesia. ... Stratovolcano Mount St. ... Iliwerung is a volcano located in the south-central part of the island of Lembata, Indonesia. ... Stratovolcano Mount St. ... Mount Sirung (Indonesian Gunung Sirung) is an active volcano located on Pantar Island in the Alor archipelago of the eastern Indonesian province of Nusa Tenggara Timor. ... Submarine volcanoes and volcanic vents are common features on certain zones of the ocean floor. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Agung_usgs. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Agung_usgs. ... Categories: Indonesia geography stubs | Volcanoes of Bali | Mountains of Indonesia ... This is the current Indonesian Collaboration of the week. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Rinjani_1994. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Rinjani_1994. ... Mount Rinjani is an active volcano in Indonesia on the island of Lombok. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (1540x1024, 1629 KB) The following is the transcript of Todd McLeishs email: You may feel free to use the photos available via the University of Rhode Islands Tambora web page (www. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (1540x1024, 1629 KB) The following is the transcript of Todd McLeishs email: You may feel free to use the photos available via the University of Rhode Islands Tambora web page (www. ... Mount Tambora is an active stratovolcano on Sumbawa island, Indonesia. ... Image File history File links Flores_Moni_Kelimutu. ... Image File history File links Flores_Moni_Kelimutu. ... Two eastern volcanic lakes of Kelimutu Kelimutu is a small but well-known Indonesian volcano in central Flores Island with three summit crater lakes of varying colors. ...

Banda Sea

Banda Sea is located at the south of Molucca Islands and it consists of small islands, grouped as Banda Islands. Volcanoes in the area are mainly islands and some of them are of submarine volcano type. They are part of the volcanic arc chain that stretches from Sumatra, Java, Lesser Sunda Islands and ends at Banda Sea. Bandasee The Banda Sea is the sea of the South Moluccas in Indonesia, technically part of the Pacific Ocean but separated from it by hundreds of islands, as well as the Halmahera and Ceram Seas. ... This page is about the geography and history of the island group in Indonesia — for the political entities encompassing the islands, see Maluku (Indonesian province) and North Maluku. ... Banda Besar island seen from Fort Belgica The Banda Islands (Kepulauan Banda in Bahasa Indonesia) are a group of ten small volcanic islands in the Banda Sea, about 140km south of Seram island and about 2000km east of Java, and are part of the Indonesian province of Maluku. ... Submarine volcanoes and volcanic vents are common features on certain zones of the ocean floor. ... A volcanic arc is a chain of volcanic islands or mountains located near the edge of continents that are formed as the result of tectonic plate subduction. ...

Name	Shape	Elevation		Last eruption (VEI)	Geolocation
Name	Shape	(m)	(ft)	Last eruption (VEI)	Geolocation
Emperor of China	submarine	-2,850	-9,350	unknown	6.62° S 124.22° E
Nieuwerkerk	submarine	-2,285	-7,500	unknown	6.60° S 124.675° E
Wetar	stratovolcano	282	925	1699 (3)	6.642° S 126.65° E
Wurlali	stratovolcano	868	2,850	3 June 1892 (2)	7.125° S 128.675° E
Teon	stratovolcano	655	2,150	3 June 1904 (2)	6.92° S 129.125° E
Nila	stratovolcano	781	2,500	7 May 1968 (1)	6.73° S 129.50° E
Serua	stratovolcano	641	2,100	18 September 1921 (2)	6.30° S 130.00° E
Manuk	stratovolcano	282	925	unknown	5.53° S 130.292° E
Banda Api	caldera	640	2,100	9 May 1988 (3)	4.525° S 129.871° E

Source: Global Volcanism Program.^[13]

Sulawesi and Sangihe Islands

The strangely shaped island, Sulawesi (or formerly known as Celebes), is dominated by four peninsulas. The central part is high mountaineous area, but mostly non-active. Active volcanoes are found in the northern peninsula and continuously stretches to the north to Sangihe Islands. The Sangihe Islands marks the border with Philipines. Sulawesi (formerly Celebes ) is a large island in Indonesia. ... The Sangihe Islands (or Sangi Islands) is a group of islands in northern Indonesia, northeast of Sulawesi in the Celebes Sea, roughly half way between Sulawesi and Mindanao, in the Philippines. ... Peninsula A peninsula (from Latin paene insula, almost island) is a geographical formation consisting of an extension of land from a larger body, surrounded by water on three sides. ... The Republic of the Philippines is an island nation consisting of an archipelago of 7,107 islands, lying in the tropical western Pacific Ocean about 100 kilometers southeast of mainland Asia. ...

Name	Shape	Elevation		Last eruption (VEI)	Geolocation
Name	Shape	(m)	(ft)	Last eruption (VEI)	Geolocation
Colo	stratovolcano	507	1,663	18 July 1983 (4)	0.17° S 121.608° E
Ambang	complex volcano	1,795	5,890	1845 ± 5 years	0.75° N 124.42° E
Soputan	stratovolcano	1,784	5,853	26 December 2006 (1)	1.108° N 124.73° E
Sempu	caldera	1,549	5,082	unknown	1.13° N 124.758° E
Tondano	caldera	1,202	3,944	unknown	1.23° N 124.83° E
Lokon-Empung	stratovolcano	1,580	5,184	23 September 2003 (3)	1.358° N 124.792° E
Mahawu	stratovolcano	1,324	4,344	16 November 1977 (0)	1.358° N 124.858° E
Klabat	stratovolcano	1,995	6,545	unknown	1.47° N 125.03° E
Tongkoko	stratovolcano	1,149	3,770	1880 (1)	1.52° N 125.20° E
Ruang	stratovolcano	725	2,379	25 September 2002 (4)	2.30° N 125.37° E
Karangetang	stratovolcano	1,784	5,853	2 April 2005 (2)	2.78° N 125.40° E
Banua Wuhu	submarine	-5	-16.5	18 July 1919 (3)	3.138° N 125.491° E
Awu	stratovolcano	1,320	4,331	2 June 2004 (2)	3.67° N 125.50° E

Source: Global Volcanism Program.^[14]^[15]

Halmahera

Halmahera is a small island at the north of Molucca Islands. Small four peninsulas were formed due to tectonic plate movement with a similar shape of Sulawesi island. A string of small volcanoes are formed from north to south in the west of Halmahera. Halmahera (also Jilolo or Gilolo) is the largest island in the Maluku Islands. ... The tectonic plates of the world were mapped in the second half of the 20th century. ...

Name	Shape	Elevation		Last eruption (VEI)	Geolocation
Name	Shape	(m)	(ft)	Last eruption (VEI)	Geolocation
Tarakan	pyroclastic cone	318	1,043	unknown	1.83° N 127.83° E
Dukono	complex volcano	1,335	4,380	13 August 1933 (3)	1.68° N 127.88° E
Tobaru	unknown	1,035	3,396	unknown	1.63° N 127.67° E
Ibu	stratovolcano	1,325	4,347	May 2005 (0)	1.488° N 127.63° E
Gamkonora	stratovolcano	1,635	5,364	13 April 1987 (1)	1.38° N 127.53° E
Todoko-Ranu	caldera	979	3,212	unknown	1.25° N 127.47° E
Jailolo	stratovolcano	1,130	3,707	unknown	1.08° N 127.42° E
Hiri	stratovolcano	630	2,067	unknown	0.90° N 127.32° E
Gamalama	stratovolcano	1,715	5,627	31 July 2003 (2)	0.80° N 127.33° E
Tidore	stratovolcano	1,730	5,676	unknown	0.658° N 127.40° E
Mare	stratovolcano	308	1,010	unknown	0.57° N 127.40° E
Moti	stratovolcano	950	3,117	unknown	0.45° N 127.40° E
Makian	stratovolcano	1,357	4,452	29 July 1988 (3)	0.32° N 127.40° E
Tigalalu	stratovolcano	422	1,385	unknown	0.07° N 127.42° E
Amasing	stratovolcano	1,030	3,379	unknown	0.53° S 127.48° E
Bibinoi	stratovolcano	900	2,953	unknown	0.77° S 127.72° E

Gamalama on Ternate island.

Source: Global Volcanism Program.^[16]

References

Indonesia Portal

^ ^a ^b >Winchester, Simon (2003). Krakatoa: The Day the World Exploded: August 27, 1883. HarperCollins. ISBN 0066212855.
^ ^a ^b Oppenheimer, C. (2002). "Limited global change due to the largest known Quaternary eruption, Toba ≈74 kyr BP?". Quarternary Science Reviews 21 (14–15): 1593–1609.
^ Stothers, Richard B. (1984). "The Great Tambora Eruption in 1815 and Its Aftermath". Science 224 (4654): 1191-1198.
^ ^a ^b Simoes, M., Avouac, J.P., Cattin, R., Henry, P. (2004). "The Sumatra subduction zone: A case for a locked fault zone extending into the mantle". Journal of Geophysical Research 109. DOI:10.1029/2003JB002958.
^ Subarya, C., Chlieh, M., Prawirodirdjo, L., Avouac, J.P., Bock, Y., Sieh, K., Meltzner, A., Natawidjaja, D.H., McCaffrey, R. (2006). "Plate-boundary deformation associated with the great Sumatra-Andaman earthquake". Nature 440: 46–51. DOI:10.1038/nature04522.
^ Lay, T., Kanamori, H., Ammon, C., Nettles, M., Ward, S., Aster, R., Beck, S., Bilek, S., Brudzinski, M., Butler, R., DeShon, H., Ekstrom, G. (2005). "The Great Sumatra-Andaman Earthquake of 26 December 2004". Science 308 (5725): 1127–1133. DOI:10.1126/science.1112250.
^ Volcanoes of Indonesia - Sumatra. Global Volcanism Program. Smithsonian Institute. Retrieved on 2006-11-17.
^ Whittaker, R. J., Bush, M. B. (1993). "Anak Krakatau and old Krakatau: a reply". GeoJournal 29 (4): 417–420.
^ "Mount Merapi Erupts", ANTARA, 15 May 2006. Retrieved on 2006-11-17.
^ Volcanoes of Indonesia - Krakatau. Global Volcanism Program. Smithsonian Institute. Retrieved on 2006-11-17.
^ Volcanoes of Indonesia - Java. Global Volcanism Program. Smithsonian Institute. Retrieved on 2006-11-17.
^ Volcanoes of Indonesia - Lesser Sunda Islands. Global Volcanism Program. Smithsonian Institute. Retrieved on 2006-11-17.
^ Volcanoes of Indonesia - Banda Sea. Global Volcanism Program. Smithsonian Institute. Retrieved on 2006-11-17.
^ Volcanoes of Indonesia - Sulawesi. Global Volcanism Program. Smithsonian Institute. Retrieved on 2006-11-17.
^ Volcanoes of Indonesia - Sangihe Islands. Global Volcanism Program. Smithsonian Institute. Retrieved on 2006-11-17.
^ Volcanoes of Indonesia - Halmahera. Global Volcanism Program. Smithsonian Institute. Retrieved on 2006-11-17.

Image File history File links Portal. ... A digital object identifier (or DOI) is a permanent identifier (permalink) given to a World Wide Web file or other Internet document so that if its Internet address changes, users will be redirected to its new address. ... A digital object identifier (or DOI) is a permanent identifier (permalink) given to a World Wide Web file or other Internet document so that if its Internet address changes, users will be redirected to its new address. ... A digital object identifier (or DOI) is a permanent identifier (permalink) given to a World Wide Web file or other Internet document so that if its Internet address changes, users will be redirected to its new address. ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 17 November is also the name of a Marxist group in Greece, coinciding with the anniversary of the Athens Polytechnic uprising. ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 17 November is also the name of a Marxist group in Greece, coinciding with the anniversary of the Athens Polytechnic uprising. ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 17 November is also the name of a Marxist group in Greece, coinciding with the anniversary of the Athens Polytechnic uprising. ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 17 November is also the name of a Marxist group in Greece, coinciding with the anniversary of the Athens Polytechnic uprising. ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 17 November is also the name of a Marxist group in Greece, coinciding with the anniversary of the Athens Polytechnic uprising. ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 17 November is also the name of a Marxist group in Greece, coinciding with the anniversary of the Athens Polytechnic uprising. ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 17 November is also the name of a Marxist group in Greece, coinciding with the anniversary of the Athens Polytechnic uprising. ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 17 November is also the name of a Marxist group in Greece, coinciding with the anniversary of the Athens Polytechnic uprising. ... 2006 (MMVI) is a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... 17 November is also the name of a Marxist group in Greece, coinciding with the anniversary of the Athens Polytechnic uprising. ...

External links

Volcanological Survey Indonesia
Tectonics of Indonesia

Categories: Lists of terrestrial volcanoes | Geography of Indonesia

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