This is a list of countries categorized by system of government.

Alphabetical list of countries

Name	Constitutional basis	Head of state	Basis of executive legitimacy
Afghanistan	Republic	Executive	Presidential
Albania	Republic	Ceremonial	Parliamentary
Algeria	Republic	Executive	Presidential
Andorra	Constitutional monarchy	Ceremonial	Parliamentary
Angola	Republic	Executive	Presidential
Antigua and Barbuda	Constitutional monarchy	Ceremonial	Parliamentary
Argentina	Republic	Executive	Presidential
Armenia	Republic	Executive	Presidential
Australia	Constitutional monarchy	Ceremonial	Parliamentary
Austria	Republic	Ceremonial	Parliamentary
Azerbaijan	Republic	Executive	Presidential
Bahamas	Constitutional monarchy	Ceremonial	Parliamentary
Bahrain	Constitutional monarchy	Monarch personally exercises power alongside weak parliament
Bangladesh	Republic	Ceremonial	Parliamentary
Barbados	Constitutional monarchy	Ceremonial	Parliamentary
Belarus	Republic	Executive	Presidential
Belgium	Constitutional monarchy	Ceremonial	Parliamentary
Belize	Constitutional monarchy	Ceremonial	Parliamentary
Benin	Republic	Executive	Presidential
Bhutan	Absolute monarchy
Bolivia	Republic	Executive	Presidential
Bosnia and Herzegovina	Republic	Executive	Semi-Presidential
Botswana	Republic	Executive	Parliamentary
Brazil	Republic	Executive	Presidential
Brunei	Absolute monarchy
Bulgaria	Republic	Ceremonial	Parliamentary
Burkina Faso	Republic	Executive	Presidential
Burundi	Republic	Executive	Presidential
Cambodia	Constitutional monarchy	Ceremonial	Parliamentary
Cameroon	Republic	Executive	Presidential
Canada	Constitutional monarchy	Ceremonial	Parliamentary
Cape Verde	Republic	Executive	Semi-Presidential
Central African Republic	Republic	Executive	Presidential
Chad	Republic	Executive	Presidential
Chile	Republic	Executive	Presidential
China, People's Republic of	Republic	Power constitutionally linked to a single political movement
China, Republic of	Republic	Executive	Semi-Presidential
Colombia	Republic	Executive	Presidential
Comoros	Republic	Executive	Presidential
Congo, Democratic Republic of the	Republic	Executive	Semi-Presidential
Congo, Republic of the	Republic	Executive	Presidential
Costa Rica	Republic	Executive	Presidential
Côte d'Ivoire	Republic	Executive	Presidential
Croatia	Republic	Ceremonial	Parliamentary
Cuba	Republic	Power constitutionally linked to a single political movement
Cyprus	Republic	Executive	Presidential
Czech Republic	Republic	Ceremonial	Parliamentary
Denmark	Constitutional monarchy	Ceremonial	Parliamentary
Djibouti	Republic	Executive	Semi-Presidential
Dominica	Republic	Ceremonial	Parliamentary
Dominican Republic	Republic	Executive	Presidential
East Timor	Republic	Ceremonial	Parliamentary
Ecuador	Republic	Executive	Presidential
Egypt	Republic	Executive	Semi-Presidential
El Salvador	Republic	Executive	Presidential
Equatorial Guinea	Republic	Executive	Presidential
Eritrea	Republic	Power constitutionally linked to a single political movement
Estonia	Republic	Ceremonial	Parliamentary
Ethiopia	Republic	Ceremonial	Parliamentary
Fiji	Republic	No constitutional basis to current regime
Finland	Republic	Ceremonial	Parliamentary
France	Republic	Executive	Semi-Presidential
Gabon	Republic	Executive	Presidential
Gambia	Republic	Executive	Presidential
Georgia	Republic	Executive	Presidential
Germany	Republic	Ceremonial	Parliamentary
Ghana	Republic	Executive	Presidential
Greece	Republic	Ceremonial	Parliamentary
Grenada	Constitutional monarchy	Ceremonial	Parliamentary
Guatemala	Republic	Executive	Presidential
Guinea	Republic	Executive	Presidential
Guinea-Bissau	Republic	Executive	Semi-Presidential
Guyana	Republic	Executive	Semi-Presidential
Haiti	Republic	Executive	Presidential
Honduras	Republic	Executive	Presidential
Hungary	Republic	Ceremonial	Parliamentary
Iceland	Republic	Ceremonial	Parliamentary
India	Republic	Ceremonial	Parliamentary
Indonesia	Republic	Executive	Presidential
Iran	Republic	Executive	Presidential
Iraq	Republic	Ceremonial	Parliamentary
Ireland	Republic	Ceremonial	Parliamentary
Israel	Republic	Ceremonial	Parliamentary
Italy	Republic	Ceremonial	Parliamentary
Jamaica	Constitutional monarchy	Ceremonial	Parliamentary
Japan	Constitutional monarchy	Ceremonial	Parliamentary
Jordan	Constitutional monarchy	Monarch personally exercises power alongside weak parliament
Kazakhstan	Republic	Executive	Presidential
Kenya	Republic	Executive	Presidential
Kiribati	Republic	Executive	Parliamentary
Korea, North	Republic	Power constitutionally linked to a single political movement
Korea, South	Republic	Executive	Semi-Presidential
Kuwait	Constitutional monarchy	Monarch personally exercises power alongside weak parliament
Kyrgyzstan	Republic	Executive	Presidential
Laos	Republic	Power constitutionally linked to a single political movement
Latvia	Republic	Ceremonial	Parliamentary
Lebanon	Republic	Executive	Semi-Presidential
Lesotho	Constitutional monarchy	Ceremonial	Parliamentary
Liberia	Republic	Executive	Presidential
Libya	Republic	Power constitutionally linked to a single political movement
Liechtenstein	Constitutional monarchy	Monarch personally exercises power alongside weak parliament
Lithuania	Republic	Ceremonial	Parliamentary
Luxembourg	Constitutional monarchy	Ceremonial	Parliamentary
Macedonia	Republic	Ceremonial	Parliamentary
Madagascar	Republic	Executive	Semi-Presidential
Malawi	Republic	Executive	Presidential
Malaysia	Constitutional monarchy	Ceremonial	Parliamentary
Maldives	Republic	Executive	Presidential
Mali	Republic	Executive	Presidential
Malta	Republic	Ceremonial	Parliamentary
Marshall Islands	Republic	Executive	Parliamentary
Mauritania	Republic	Executive	Presidential
Mauritius	Republic	Ceremonial	Parliamentary
Mexico	Republic	Executive	Presidential
Micronesia	Republic	Executive	Parliamentary
Moldova	Republic	Executive	Semi-Presidential
Monaco	Constitutional monarchy	Monarch personally exercises power alongside weak parliament
Mongolia	Republic	Executive	Semi-Presidential
Montenegro	Republic	Ceremonial	Parliamentary
Morocco	Constitutional monarchy	Monarch personally exercises power alongside weak parliament
Mozambique	Republic	Executive	Presidential
Myanmar	Republic	No constitutional basis to current regime
Namibia	Republic	Executive	Presidential
Nauru	Republic	Executive	Parliamentary
Nepal	Constitutional monarchy	Ceremonial	Parliamentary
Netherlands	Constitutional monarchy	Ceremonial	Parliamentary
New Zealand	Constitutional monarchy	Ceremonial	Parliamentary
Nicaragua	Republic	Executive	Presidential
Niger	Republic	Executive	Semi-Presidential
Nigeria	Republic	Executive	Presidential
Norway	Constitutional monarchy	Ceremonial	Parliamentary
Oman	Absolute monarchy
Pakistan	Republic	Executive	Semi-Presidential
Palau	Republic	Executive	Presidential
Panama	Republic	Executive	Presidential
Papua New Guinea	Constitutional monarchy	Ceremonial	Parliamentary
Paraguay	Republic	Executive	Presidential
Peru	Republic	Executive	Presidential
Philippines	Republic	Executive	Presidential
Poland	Republic	Ceremonial	Parliamentary
Portugal	Republic	Ceremonial	Parliamentary
Qatar	Absolute monarchy
Romania	Republic	Executive	Semi-Presidential
Russia	Republic	Executive	Semi-Presidential
Rwanda	Republic	Executive	Presidential
Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic	Republic	Executive	Semi-Presidential
Saint Kitts and Nevis	Constitutional monarchy	Ceremonial	Parliamentary
Saint Lucia	Constitutional monarchy	Ceremonial	Parliamentary
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines	Constitutional monarchy	Ceremonial	Parliamentary
Samoa	Republic	Ceremonial	Parliamentary
San Marino	Republic	Executive	Parliamentary
São Tomé and Príncipe	Republic	Executive	Semi-Presidential
Saudi Arabia	Absolute monarchy
Senegal	Republic	Executive	Semi-Presidential
Serbia	Republic	Executive	Semi-Presidential
Seychelles	Republic	Executive	Presidential
Sierra Leone	Republic	Executive	Presidential
Singapore	Republic	Ceremonial	Parliamentary
Slovakia	Republic	Ceremonial	Parliamentary
Slovenia	Republic	Ceremonial	Parliamentary
Solomon Islands	Constitutional monarchy	Ceremonial	Parliamentary
Somalia	Republic	Executive	Semi-Presidential
South Africa	Republic	Executive	Parliamentary
Spain	Constitutional monarchy	Ceremonial	Parliamentary
Sri Lanka	Republic	Executive	Semi-Presidential
Sudan	Republic	Power constitutionally linked to a single political movement
Suriname	Republic	Executive	Parliamentary
Swaziland	Absolute monarchy
Sweden	Constitutional monarchy	Ceremonial	Parliamentary
Switzerland	Republic	Executive	Parliamentary
Syria	Republic	Power constitutionally linked to a single political movement
Tajikistan	Republic	Executive	Presidential
Tanzania	Republic	Executive	Presidential
Thailand	Constitutional monarchy	No constitutional basis to current regime
Togo	Republic	Executive	Presidential
Tonga	Constitutional monarchy	Monarch personally exercises power alongside weak parliament
Trinidad and Tobago	Republic	Ceremonial	Parliamentary
Tunisia	Republic	Executive	Presidential
Turkey	Republic	Ceremonial	Parliamentary
Turkmenistan	Republic	Power constitutionally linked to a single political movement
Tuvalu	Constitutional monarchy	Ceremonial	Parliamentary
Uganda	Republic	Executive	Presidential
Ukraine	Republic	Executive	Semi-Presidential
United Arab Emirates	Constitutional monarchy	Monarch personally exercises power alongside weak parliament
United Kingdom	Constitutional monarchy	Ceremonial	Parliamentary
United States	Republic	Executive	Presidential
Uruguay	Republic	Executive	Presidential
Uzbekistan	Republic	Executive	Presidential
Vanuatu	Republic	Ceremonial	Parliamentary
Vatican City	Absolute monarchy
Venezuela	Republic	Executive	Presidential
Vietnam	Republic	Power constitutionally linked to a single political movement
Yemen	Republic	Executive	Presidential
Zambia	Republic	Executive	Presidential
Zimbabwe	Republic	Executive	Presidential

Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Albania. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Algeria. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Andorra. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Angola. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Argentina. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Armenia. ... Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Austria. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Azerbaijan. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_the_Bahamas. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Bahrain. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Bangladesh. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Barbados. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Belarus. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Belgium_(civil). ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Belize. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Benin. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Bhutan. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Bolivia. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Botswana. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Brazil. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Brunei. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Bulgaria. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Burkina_Faso. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Burundi. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Cambodia. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Cameroon. ... Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Cape_Verde. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_the_Central_African_Republic. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Chad. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Chile. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_the_Peoples_Republic_of_China. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_the_Republic_of_China. ... For the Chinese civilization, see China. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Colombia. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_the_Comoros. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Costa_Rica. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Cote_d'Ivoire. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Croatia. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Cuba. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Cyprus. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Denmark. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Djibouti. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Dominica. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_the_Dominican_Republic. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_East_Timor. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Ecuador. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Egypt. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_El_Salvador. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Equatorial_Guinea. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Eritrea. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Estonia. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Ethiopia. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Fiji. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Finland. ... Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Gabon. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_The_Gambia. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Georgia. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Germany. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Ghana. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Greece. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Grenada. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Guatemala. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Guinea. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Guinea-Bissau. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Guyana. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Haiti. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Honduras. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Hungary. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Iceland. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_India. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Indonesia. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Iran. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Iraq. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Ireland. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Israel. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Italy. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Jamaica. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Japan. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Jordan. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Kazakhstan. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Kenya. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Kiribati. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_North_Korea. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_South_Korea. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Kuwait. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Kyrgyzstan. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Laos. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Latvia. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Lebanon. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Lesotho. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Liberia. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Libya. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Liechtenstein. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Lithuania. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Luxembourg. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Macedonia. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Madagascar. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Malawi. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Malaysia. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Maldives. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Mali. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Malta. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_the_Marshall_Islands. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Mauritania. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Mauritius. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Mexico. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Micronesia. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Moldova. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Monaco. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Mongolia. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Montenegro. ... Anthem Oj, svijetla majska zoro Oh, Bright Dawn of May Montenegro() on the European continent()  —  [] Capital (and largest city) Podgorica Official languages Serbian (Ijekavian dialect)1 Demonym Montenegrin Government Republic  -  President Filip Vujanović  -  Prime Minister Željko Å turanović Independence due to the dissolution of Serbia and Montenegro   -  Declared June 3, 2006... Image File history File links Flag_of_Morocco. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Mozambique. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Myanmar. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Namibia. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Nauru. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Nepal. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_the_Netherlands. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_New_Zealand. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Nicaragua. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Niger. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Nigeria. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Norway. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Oman. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Palau. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Panama. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Papua_New_Guinea. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Paraguay. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Peru. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_the_Philippines. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Poland. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Portugal. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Qatar. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Romania. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Russia. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Rwanda. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Western_Sahara. ... Motto: حرية ديمقراطية وحدة (Arabic) Liberty, Democracy, Unity Anthem: Yābaniy Es-Saharā  listen This map indicates the territory claimed by the SADR, viz. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Saint_Lucia. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Samoa. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_San_Marino. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Sao_Tome_and_Principe. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Saudi_Arabia. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Senegal. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Serbia. ... Not to be confused with Republika Srpska. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_the_Seychelles. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Sierra_Leone. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Singapore. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Slovakia. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Slovenia. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_the_Solomon_Islands. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Somalia. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_South_Africa. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Spain. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Sri_Lanka. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Sudan. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Suriname. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Swaziland. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Sweden. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Switzerland. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Syria. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Tajikistan. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Tanzania. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Thailand. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Togo. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Tonga. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Tunisia. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Turkey. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Turkmenistan. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Tuvalu. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Uganda. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Ukraine. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_the_United_Arab_Emirates. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom. ... Image File history File links This is a lossless scalable vector image. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Uruguay. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Uzbekistan. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Vanuatu. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_the_Vatican_City. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Venezuela. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Vietnam. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Yemen. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Zambia. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Zimbabwe. ...

Systems of Governance

Presidential / Separated republics

These are systems in which a president is the active head of the executive branch of government and is elected and remains in office independently of the legislature. The following list includes democratic and non-democratic states: President is a title held by many leaders of nothing, companies, trade unions, universities, and countries. ... The executive is the branch of a government charged with implementing, or executing, the law and running the day-to-day affairs of the government or state. ... A legislature is a type of representative deliberative assembly with the power to adopt laws. ...

Full presidential systems

In full presidential systems, the president is both head of state and head of government. There is no prime minister.

Semi-presidential systems

In semi-presidential systems, there is usually both a president and a prime minister. In such systems, the President has genuine executive authority, unlike in a parliamentary republic, but some of the role of a head of government is exercised by the prime minister, who is also head of the legislature. A legislature is a type of representative deliberative assembly with the power to adopt laws. ...

Not to be confused with Republika Srpska. ... For the Chinese civilization, see China. ...

Parliamentary republics

A parliamentary republic is a system in which a prime minister is the active head of the executive branch of government and also leader of the legislature. The president's degree of executive power may range from being reasonably significant (eg. Poland) to little or none at all (eg. Ireland). Where the president holds little executive power, their function is primarily that of a symbolic figurehead. Parliamentary republics around the world, shown in Orange (Parliamentary republics with a non-executive President) and Green (Parliamentary republics with an executive President linked to Parliament). ... A prime minister is the most senior minister of a cabinet in the executive branch of government in a parliamentary system. ... The executive is the branch of a government charged with implementing, or executing, the law and running the day-to-day affairs of the government or state. ... A legislature is a type of representative deliberative assembly with the power to adopt laws. ... In politics, a figurehead, by metaphor with the carved figurehead at the prow of a sailing ship, is a person who holds an important title or office yet executes little actual power. ...

Anthem Oj, svijetla majska zoro Oh, Bright Dawn of May Montenegro() on the European continent()  —  [] Capital (and largest city) Podgorica Official languages Serbian (Ijekavian dialect)1 Demonym Montenegrin Government Republic  -  President Filip Vujanović  -  Prime Minister Željko Å turanović Independence due to the dissolution of Serbia and Montenegro   -  Declared June 3, 2006...

Mixed republican systems

Prime minister is also head of state and given title of president

• Botswana ^[9]
• South Africa ^[10]
• Switzerland ^[11]
• San Marino ^[12]

Constitutional monarchies

Systems in which a prime minister is the active head of the executive branch of government and also leader of the legislature. The head of state is a constitutional monarch who only exercises his or her powers with the consent of the government, the people or their representatives. A prime minister is the most senior minister of a cabinet in the executive branch of government in a parliamentary system. ... The executive is the branch of a government charged with implementing, or executing, the law and running the day-to-day affairs of the government or state. ... A legislature is a type of representative deliberative assembly with the power to adopt laws. ... For the comedy film of the same name, see Head of State (film). ... A constitutional monarchy is a form of government established under a constitutional system which acknowledges a hereditary or elected monarch as head of state. ...

Commonwealth realms

Constitutional monarchies, in which Queen Elizabeth II serves as head of state over an independent government. In each Realm, she acts as the monarch of that state, and is usually titled accordingly - for example, Queen of Australia. The Queen appoints a Governor-General to each country other than the United Kingdom to act as her representative. The prime minister is the active head of the executive branch of government and also leader of the legislature. A constitutional monarchy is a form of government established under a constitutional system which acknowledges a hereditary or elected monarch as head of state. ... Elizabeth II (Elizabeth Alexandra Mary Windsor; born 21 April 1926) is Queen of sixteen sovereign states, holding each crown and title equally. ... Elizabeth II, Queen of Australia, in 1952 and 2002 The title Queen of Australia has existed since 1973, when the Parliament of Australia passed the Royal Style and Titles Act (1973). ... Governor-General (or Governor General) is a term used both historically and currently to designate the appointed representative of a head of state or their government for a particular territory, historically in a colonial context, but no longer necessarily in that form. ... A prime minister is the most senior minister of a cabinet in the executive branch of government in a parliamentary system. ... The executive is the branch of a government charged with implementing, or executing, the law and running the day-to-day affairs of the government or state. ... A legislature is a type of representative deliberative assembly with the power to adopt laws. ...

Semi-constitutional monarchies

The prime minister (or equivalent) is the nation's active executive, but the monarch still has considerable political powers that can be used at his/her own independent discretion. A prime minister is the most senior minister of a cabinet in the executive branch of government in a parliamentary system. ...

Absolute monarchies

Monarchies in which the monarch is the active head of the executive branch and exercises all powers. The executive is the branch of a government charged with implementing, or executing, the law and running the day-to-day affairs of the government or state. ...

The State of the City of the Vatican or the Vatican City (Latin: Status Civitatis Vaticanae, Italian Stato della Città del Vaticano) is the smallest independent state in the world (both in area and in population), a landlocked enclave surrounded by the city of Rome in Italy. ...

Theocracies

States based on a state religion where the head of state is selected by some form of religious hierarchy. Nations with state religions:  Buddhism  Islam  Shia Islam  Sunni Islam  Orthodox Christianity  Protestantism  Roman Catholic Church A state religion (also called an official religion, established church or state church) is a religious body or creed officially endorsed by the state. ... For the comedy film of the same name, see Head of State (film). ...

• Iran ^[1] (to some degree)
• the Holy See (Vatican City)

One-party states

States in which political power is concentrated within a single political party whose operations are largely fused with the government hierarchy. However, some do have elected governments. “Political Parties” redirects here. ...

The Communist Party of China (CPC) (Simplified Chinese: ; Traditional Chinese: ; Pinyin: ), also known as the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), is the ruling political party of the Peoples Republic of China, a position guaranteed by the countrys constitution. ... The Peoples Republic of China (PRC) is formally a multi-party state under the leadership of the Communist Party of China in the popular front model similar to the former Communist-era Eastern European countries such as the National Front of Democratic Germany . ... The Communist Party of Cuba (Spanish: Partido Comunista de Cuba, PCC) is currently the only political party permitted to assemble or engage in any political activity in Cuba. ... Political parties in Cuba lists political parties in this country. ... The Workers Party of Korea (WPK; Korean chosŏngŭl: 조선로동당; hanja: 朝鮮勞動黨; McCune-Reischauer: Chosŏn Rodong-dang; revised: Joseon Rodong-dang ) is the ruling party of the Democratic Peoples Republic of Korea (DPRK), commonly known as North Korea. ... Political parties in North Korea lists political parties in North Korea. ... The Lao Peoples Revolutionary Party (Laotian: Phak Pasason Pativat Lao) is the Communist Party of Laos. ... Political parties in Laos lists political parties in Laos. ... Bath Party flag The Arab Socialist Bath Party (also spelled Baath or Baath; Arabic: حزب البعث العربي الاشتراكي) was founded in 1945 as a radical, left-wing, secular Arab nationalist political party. ... Political parties in Syria lists political parties in Syria. ... The Democratic Party of Turkmenistan is the only political party in Turkmenistan. ... Turkmenistan is a single-party state. ... The Communist Party of Vietnam (Đảng Cộng sản Việt Nam) is the currently ruling, as well as the only legal political party in Vietnam. ... Political parties in Vietnam lists political parties in Vietnam. ...

Military junta states

The nation's armed forces control the organs of government and all high-ranking political executives are also members of the military hierarchy.

• Fiji^[17] (until 2010)
• Libya
• Myanmar

Transitional

States which have a system of government which is in transition or turmoil and cannot be accurately classified. (with current direction of change)

• Somalia (semi-presidential republic)
• Sudan (bipartisan Government of National Unity)
• Thailand (constitutional monarchy)
• Nepal (constitutional monarchy or parliamentary republic)
• Iraq (parliamentary republic)
• Eritrea (presidential republic)

Provisional Government of National Unity (Polish: Tymczasowy Rząd Jedności Narodowej, TRJN) - was a government formed by the decree of State National Council (Krajowa Rada Narodowa) on 28 June 1945. ...

Systems of Internal Governance

Federal

States in which the federal government shares power with semi-independent regional governments. In many cases, the central government is (in theory) a creation of the regional governments; a prime example is the United States. A federal government is the common government of a federation. ...

The states and territories of Australia make up the Commonwealth of Australia under a federal system of government. ... The Flemish region is one of the three official regions of the Kingdom of Belgium (alongside the Walloon Region and the Brussels-Capital Region). ... National motto: Walon todi ! (Walloon forever!) Official languages French, German Capital Namur Minister-President Jean-Claude Van Cauwenberghe Area  - Total 16,844 km² Population  - Total (2002)  - Density 3,358,560 inhabitants 199. ... The Brussels-Capital Region (French: R gion de Bruxelles-Capitale, Dutch: Brussels Hoofdstedelijk Gewest, German: Region Br ssel-Hauptstadt) or Brussels Region (French: R gion Bruxelloise, Dutch: Brusselse Gewest) is one of the three regions of Belgium. ... The location of the FBiH entity as part of the state of Bosnia and Herzegovina in Europe. ... Not to be confused with Serbia. ... The Brazilian Federal District (in Portuguese, Distrito Federal) is set apart for Brasília, the capital of Brazil. ... Map of Anjouan Anjouan (also known as Ndzuwani or Nzwani) is an island in the Comoros. ... Map of Grand Comore Grand Comore (off-white) in relation to Comoros (light brown) Grande Comore (also known as Ngazidja and Ngasidja, and erroneously as Njazidja) is an island in the Indian Ocean off the coast of Africa. ... Map of Mohéli Mohéli, also known as Mwali, is one of the three islands which make up the nation of Comoros. ... This article or section does not cite any references or sources. ... Map of Kosrae State Kosrae (pronounced in English), also known as Kusaie, is an island in Micronesia. ... World Class Surf of Pohnpeis Palikir Pass a. ... Map of Yap State Map of Yap Islands Yap is an island in the Caroline Islands of the western Pacific Ocean, the westernmost state of the Federated States of Micronesia. ... A union territory is an administrative division of India. ... State motto: Maju dan Sejahtera State anthem: Maju dan Sejahtera Constituent Kuala Lumpur Labuan Putrajaya Administered by Ministry of the Federal Territories Minister Zulhasnan Rafique Made into Federal Territory    - Kuala Lumpur 1 February 1974   - Labuan 16 April 1984   - Putrajaya 1 February 2001   - Consolidated under the Ministry 27 March 2004  Total... The Mexican Federal District, known in Spanish as Distrito Federal (D.F.), is an area within Mexico that is not part of any of the Mexican states, but an independent self-governing city-state and the seat of the Federal Government. ... The Federal Capital Territory is the home of Abuja, the capital of Nigeria. ... The Russian Federation is divided into 89 subjects (administrative units), 49 of which are oblasts: Amur Arkhangelsk Astrakhan Belgorod Bryansk Chelyabinsk Chita Irkutsk Ivanovo Kaliningrad Kaluga Kamchatka Kemerovo Kirov Kostroma Kurgan Kursk Leningrad Lipetsk Magadan Moscow Murmansk Nizhny Novgorod Novgorod Novosibirsk Omsk Orenburg Oryol Penza Perm Pskov Rostov Ryazan Sakhalin... Russia is divided into 88 federal subjects (subjekty), of which nine are avtonomnyye okruga (autonomous districts, sing. ... The Russian Federation is divided into 89 subjects (administrative units), 6 of which are krais: Altai Krai Khabarovsk Krai Krasnodar Krai Krasnoyarsk Krai Primorsky Krai Stavropol Krai 1. ... , Capital Birobidzhan Area - total - % water Ranked 61st - 36,000 km² - no data Population - Total - Density Ranked 80th - est. ... Country Saint Kitts and Nevis Archipelago Leeward Islands Region Caribbean Area 65 sq. ... For other uses, see Nevis (disambiguation). ... The twenty-six cantons of Switzerland are the states of the federal state of Switzerland. ... Federal courts Supreme Court Circuit Courts of Appeal District Courts Elections Presidential elections Midterm elections Political Parties Democratic Republican Third parties State & Local government Governors Legislatures (List) State Courts Local Government Other countries Atlas  US Government Portal      A U.S. state is any one of the fifty subnational entities of... For other uses, see Washington, D.C. (disambiguation). ... In the terminology of the United States insular areas, a commonwealth is an organized territory that has established with the Federal Government a more highly developed relationship, usually embodied in a written mutual agreement. ... Political divisions of the United States as they were from 1868 to 1876, including 9 organized territories and 2 unorganized territories Territories of the United States are one type of political division of the United States, administered by the U.S. government but not any part of a U.S... Capital District (spanish Distrito Capital) is the capital area of Venezuela which is placed on the same rank of states. ...

Devolved

States in which the central government has delegated some of its powers to self-governing subsidiary governments, creating a de facto federation. Central government or the national government (or, in federal states, the federal government) is the government at the level of the nation-state. ...

• Spain (17 autonomous communities and the autonomous cities of Ceuta and Melilla)
• United Kingdom (Scotland, Northern Ireland, and Wales; England remains under full control of the central government)

Autonomous communities of Spain. ... Capital Ceuta City Official language(s) Spanish Area  â€“ Total  â€“ % of Spain Ranked  28 km²   Population  â€“ Total (2006)  â€“ % of Spain  â€“ Density Ranked  75,861    2,709. ... Capital Official language(s) Spanish Area  â€“ Total  â€“ % of Spain Ranked  20 km²   Population  â€“ Total (2006)  â€“ % of Spain  â€“ Density Ranked  66,871    3,343. ... This article is about the country. ... Northern Ireland (Irish: ) is a part of the United Kingdom lying in the northeast of the island of Ireland, covering 5,459 square miles (14,139 km², about a sixth of the islands total area). ... This article is about the country. ... For other uses, see England (disambiguation). ...

Regionalized unitary

States in which the central government has delegated some of its powers to regional governments. Central government or the national government (or, in federal states, the federal government) is the government at the level of the nation-state. ...

• Chile (13 regions, each one divided into smaller provinces, which are sub-divided into several municipalities).
• Italy (20 regions, five granted 'autonomous' status)
• New Zealand (12 regions, 4 unitary authorities)
• People's Republic of China (22 provinces, 5 autonomous regions, 4 municipalities, and 2 Special Administrative Regions: Hong Kong and Macau)
• Philippines (79 provinces grouped into 17 regions, one granted 'autonomous' status)

The Regions of Italy were granted a degree of regional autonomy in the 1948 constitution, which states that the constitutions role is: to recognize, protect and promote local autonomy, to ensure that services at the State level are as decentralized as possible, and to adapt the principles and laws... Region is the formal term for the top tier of local government in New Zealand. ... A unitary authority is a term used in a two-tier local government system to describe a unit of local government that operates as a single tier. ... A province, in the context of China, is a translation of sheng (省 shěng), which is an administrative division of China. ... The Peoples Republic of China has created, following Soviet nationality policy, a number of administrative divisions designated as autonomous, although many disagree of their actual autonomy. ... Direct-controlled municipalities are the highest-level cities in China, with status equal to that of the provinces. ... Special administrative region may be: Peoples Republic of China Special administrative regions, present-day administrative divisions (as of 2006) set up by the Peoples Republic of China to administer Hong Kong (since 1997) and Macau (since 1999) Republic of China Special administrative regions, also translated as special administrative... Map of the Philippines showing the regions and provinces (click for larger version). ... Map of the Philippines showing the regions and their provinces (click for larger version). ...

Federacy

A federacy is a country in which some substates function like states in a federation and others like states in a unitary state. It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Federation. ...

• Denmark with 2 autonomous regions and 5 regions;
• Finland with 1 autonomous province and 19 regions;
• France with 1 sui generis collectivity and 26 régions, 4 collectivités d'outre-mer, 1 territoire d'outre-mer;
• Kingdom of the Netherlands with 2 states and 12 provinces;
• Portugal with 2 autonomous regions (Azores and Madeira) and 18 districts;
• Serbia, significant autonomy granted to Vojvodina; Kosovo-Metohija under UN protectorate, future status being negotiated;
• Tanzania, 21 mainland regions, 5 regions under autonomous government of Zanzibar
• Ukraine, 24 oblasts, 2 special-status cities, and the Autonomous Republic of Crimea;

Administrative division of Denmark. ... Finland is divided into 20 regions (maakunta/landskap in Finnish/Swedish). ... France is divided into 26 régions: 21 of these are in the continental part of metropolitan France, one is Corse on the island of Corsica (although strictly speaking Corse is in fact a territorial collectivity, not a région, but is referred to as a région in common... A collectivité doutre-mer (in English Overseas Community) or COM, is an administrative division of France. ... A Territoire doutre-mer (TOM, French for Overseas territory) is an administrative division of France. ... The modern day Netherlands are divided into twelve provinces (provincies in Dutch), listed below with their capital city: Map of the Netherlands, with provinces and capital cities See also the ranked list of Dutch provinces // Structure A Dutch province represents the administrative layer in between the national government and the... Motto (Portuguese for Rather die free than in peace subjugated) Anthem  (national)  (local) Capital Ponta Delgada1 Angra do Heroísmo2 Horta3 Largest city Ponta Delgada Official languages Portuguese Government Autonomous region  -  President Carlos César Establishment  -  Settled 1439   -  Autonomy 1976  Area  -  Total 2,333 km² (n/a) 911 sq mi... For other uses, see Madeira (disambiguation). ... Districts There are 18 Districts (distritos, singular - distrito) in mainland Portugal: note: Territorial division in Portugal is currently in flux, because of planned decentralization. ... Not to be confused with Republika Srpska. ... Vojvodina (red) is one of Serbias two autonomous provinces Capital (and largest city) Novi Sad Official languages Ethnic groups  2. ... Kosovo (known in Albanian as Kosova, in Serbian as Косово и Метохија / Kosovo i Metohija, and in English simply as Kosovo) is a province in southern Serbia. ... The United Nations Mission in Kosovo or UNMIK is an interim civilian administration of the Serbian province (as part of Serbia and Montenegro) called Kosovo (officially Kosovo and Metohia), under the authority of the United Nations. ... Map of Zanzibars main island Zanzibar is part of Tanzania Coordinates: , Country Tanzania Islands Unguja and Pemba Capital Zanzibar City Settled AD 1000 Government  - Type semi-autonomous part of Tanzania  - President Amani Abeid Karume Area  - Both Islands  637 sq mi (1,651 km²) Population (2004)  - Both Islands 1,070... The Crimea (officially Autonomous Republic of Crimea, Ukrainian transliteration: Avtonomna Respublika Krym, Ukrainian: Автономна Республіка Крим, Russian: Автономная Ре&#1089...

Unitary

see Unitary state A map showing the unitary states. ...

Notes

1. ^ ^{a b} Iran combines the forms of a presidential republic, with a president elected by universal suffrage; and a theocracy, with a Supreme Leader who is ultimately responsible for state policy, chosen by the elected Assembly of Experts. Candidates for both the Assembly of Experts and the presidency are vetted by the appointed Guardian Council.
2. ^ While the office of Prime Minister exists, the President is both the Head of State and Head of Government.
3. ^ While the office of Prime Minister exists, the President is both the Head of State and Head of Government.
4. ^ Collective (3 member) presidency.
5. ^ While the office of Prime Minister exists, the President is both the Head of State and Head of Government.
6. ^ While the office of Prime Minister exists, the President is both the Head of State and Head of Government.
7. ^ The Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic (SADR) is a government in exile, located in Tindouf, Algeria. Most of the territory of Western Sahara is under military occupation by Morocco; the rest is administered by the SADR.
8. ^ In Bangladesh, a Caretaker government takes over for three months during parliamentary elections. The Caretaker government is headed by a Chief advisor (the last Chief Justice to retire), and a group of neutral, non-partisan advisors chosen from the civil society. During this time, the president has jurisdiction over the Ministry of defense and the Ministry of foreign affairs.
9. ^ Combines aspects of an executive presidency with a parliamentary system. President is elected by parliament and holds a parliamentary seat, much like a prime minister. The President is both head of state and government.
10. ^ Combines aspects of an executive presidency with a parliamentary system. President is elected by parliament and holds a parliamentary seat, much like a prime minister. The President is both head of state and government.
11. ^ There is neither a prime minister nor a president of Switzerland. The President of the Swiss Confederation is merely primus inter pares in the Swiss Federal Council, the seven-member executive council which constitutes the government as well as the head of state of Switzerland.
12. ^ Collective presidency (two captains-regents). Captains-regents are both Head of State and Government simultaneously.
13. ^ Bishop of Urgell and President of France serve as ex-officio co-princes
14. ^ The King of Nepal gave himself absolute authority for three years in 2005; he has given up absolute power on April 21, 2006, but constitutional government has not yet resumed
15. ^ Bhutan is in the process of democratization by request of the king.
16. ^ UAE is a federation of absolute monarchies, with the federal president drawn from hereditary emirs
17. ^ The President of Fiji is the actual leader who on 4 December 2006 dissolved the parliament without the prime minister's consent, thereby setting the stage for a coup by the military commander.

The post of Supreme Leader (Persian: رهبر انقلاب, Rahbare Enqelab,[1] lit. ... The Assembly of Experts (also Assembly of Experts for the Leadership) of Iran (Persian: مجلس خبرگان رهبری, Majles-e-Khobregan), is a congressional body for selecting the Supreme Leader and supervising his activities. ... The Guardian Council of the Constitution[1] (Persian: شورای نگهبان قانون اساسی) is a high chamber within the constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran. ... Motto: حرية ديمقراطية وحدة (Arabic) Liberty, Democracy, Unity Anthem: Yābaniy Es-Saharā  listen This map indicates the territory claimed by the SADR, viz. ... A government in exile is a political group that claims to be a countrys legitimate government, but for various reasons is unable to exercise its legal power, and instead resides in a foreign country. ... Tindouf, also written Tinduf, (Arabic: تندوف) is a city and wilaya in the west of Algeria, population 30,000. ... The Moroccan name for Western Sahara. ... Belligerent military occupation occurs when the control and authority over a territory belonging to a state passes to a hostile army. ... The Free Zone is in yellow on the map. ... The word caretaker may have numerous meanings, but the most common two are (1) a person or persons who cares for a property in exchange for rent-free living accommodations and (2) temporary government which takes control until a stable rule can be restored. ... The President of the Confederation (Italian: , French: , German: ) is the presiding member of the Swiss Federal Council, Switzerlands seven-member executive. ... First among equals is a phrase which indicates that a person is the most senior of a group of people sharing the same rank or office. ... The Swiss Federal Council (German: , French: , Italian: , Romansh: ) is the seven-member executive council which constitutes the government as well as the head of state of Switzerland. ... The Bishop of Urgell is the Roman Catholic bishop for Urgell in Catalonia, Spain and also the ex officio Co-Prince of Andorra. ... The President of France, known officially as the President of the Republic (Président de la République in French), is Frances elected Head of State. ... Royal Standard of Nepal The king of Nepal is known as the Raja; his Queen is known as the Rani. ... is the 111th day of the year (112th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Democratization (British English: Democratisation) is the transition from an authoritarian or a semi-authoritarian political system to a democratic political system. ... Bhutanese rulers have styled themselves as Desi Druks (see dual system of government under Ngawang Namgyal), maharajas, and kings. ... Fiji became a republic in 1987, when Queen Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom formally abdicated as Queen of Fiji, following two military coups led by Lieutenant Colonel Sitiveni Rabuka. ...

See also

• List of forms of government
• List of countries by date of transition to republican system of government

This article lists forms of government and political systems, according to a series of different ways of categorising them. ... This is a list of European and Asian countries by date of their last transition from a monarchy to a republican form of government. ...

External links

• Global Scan- Election Tracker
• Countries categorized by system of government in 20th century at Historical Atlas of 20th Century
• [1] A Chronology of political history based on Government form