Lychee (荔枝, in Pinyin lìzhī) (Litchi chinensis Sonn., Sapindaceae), also spelled litchi, is a tropical fruit tree native to southern China. It is a medium-sized evergreen tree, reaching 15-20 m tall, with alternate pinnate leaves, each leaf 15-25 cm long, with (2) 4-8 lateral leaflets 5-10 cm long; the terminal leaflet is absent. The newly emerging young leaves are bright coppery red at first before turning green as they expand to full size. The flowers are small, greenish-white or yellowish-white, produced in panicles up to 30 cm long.

A plate of lychee showing a peeled fruit

The fruit is a drupe, 3-4 cm long and 3 cm diameter. The outside is covered by a red, roughly-textured rind that is inedible but easily removed. The inside consists of a layer of sweet, translucent white flesh, rich in vitamin C, with a texture somewhat similar to that of a grape. The centre contains a single glossy brown stone 2 cm long and 1-1.5 cm diameter. The stone, similar to a buckeye seed, is slightly poisonous and should not be eaten. The fruit matures from July to October, about 100 days after flowering.

Lychees are extensively grown in their native southern China, and also elsewhere in southeast Asia, India, southern Japan, and more recently in Florida and Hawaii in the United States, and the wetter areas of eastern Australia. They require a warm subtropical to tropical climate that is frost-free or with only very slight winter frosts not below -4°C, and with high summer heat, rainfall and humidity. Growth is best on well-drained, slightly acidic soils rich in organic matter. A wide range of cultivars is available, with early and late maturing forms suited to warmer and cooler climates respectively. They are also grown as an ornamental tree as well as for their fruit.

Lychees are commonly sold fresh in Chinese markets (and in recent years, also widely in western supermarkets). The red rind turns dark brown when the fruit is refrigerated, though the taste is not affected. It is also sold canned year-round.

There is a Cantonese saying: "one lychee = three torches of fire". It refers to the extreme Yang property of the fruit. Over-consumption of lychees is reported to lead to dried lips and nose bleed in some people. By contrast, the related longan is purported to have a nourishing property.

See also

• akee
• longan
• mamoncillo
• rambutan
• list of fruits
• Chinese food therapy

External links

• Fruits of Warm Climates: Lychee (http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/morton/lychee.html)
• California Rare Fruit Growers: Lychee Fruit Facts (http://www.crfg.org/pubs/ff/lychee.html)
• Know and Enjoy Tropical Fruit: Lychee, Rambutan & Longan (http://www.proscitech.com.au/trop/l.htm)
• Litchi chinensis (Sapindaceae) (http://www.montosogardens.com/litchi_chinensis.htm)