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This is an article about Literature in Quebec, a province of Canada.
16th and 17th centuries During this period, the society of New France was being built with great difficulty. The French merchants contracted to transport colonists did not respect their end of the bargain, and the French and their Indian allies were at war with the Iroquois, allied to the English until 1701, etc. To add to these difficulties, the printing press being officially forbidden in Canada until the British Conquest. New France (French: la Nouvelle-France) describes the area colonized by France in North America during a period extending from the exploration of the Saint Lawrence River by Jacques Cartier in 1534 to the cession of New France to the Kingdom of Great Britain in 1763. ...
The Iroquois Confederacy (Haudenosaunee, also known as the League of Peace and Power, Five Nations, or Six Nations) is a group of First Nations/Native Americans. ...
Events January 18 - Frederick I becomes King of Prussia. ...
In spite of this, some notable documents were produced in the early days of colonization and were passed down from generation to generation until today. The Voyage of Jacques Cartier, the Muses de la Nouvelle-France of Marc Lescarbot, the Voyages of Samuel de Champlain are memoirs of the exploration of North America and the foundation of New France. Portrait of Jacques Cartier by Théophile Hamel, ca. ...
Marc Lescarbot (c. ...
Samuel de Champlain by Théophile Hamel (1870) Samuel de Champlain (c. ...
The Relations des jésuites, Le Grand voyage au pays des Hurons of Gabriel Sagard, the Écrits of Marguerite Bourgeois were written by the many religious founders of New France who had undertaken the task of converting the Sauvages to Christianity. Gabriel Sagard, baptized Théodat, was a Catholic priest and missionary of the Franciscan Recollect order (French: Récollet) who arrived in New France June 28, 1623 to join four other members of his order who had arrrived in 1615. ...
See also: Timeline of Christianity Beliefs Jesus crucifixion as portrayed by Diego Velázquez. ...
Many songs and poems were transmitted orally by the early French settlers. A popular French ballad, À la claire fontaine was adapted by the voyageurs and gave us the version that is known today in Quebec. The coureurs des bois (runners of the woods) or voyageurs (travellers) is the name given to the men who engaged in the fur trade directly with the Amerindians in North America from the time of New France up through the 19th century, when much of the continent was still mostly...
The first patrotic song of Quebec (then known as le Canada) was written by a soldier, François Mariauchau d'Esgly. Entitled C'est le Général de Flip, it paid tribute to the resistance of the French at Quebec during the siege of General William Phips in 1690. Sir William Phips (or Phipps) (February 2, 1651 or 1650 – February 18, 1694 or 1695), colonial governor of Massachusetts, was born at Woolwich, Maine, near the mouth of the Kennebec River. ...
In France, Canada and New France in general caught the interest of many writers, notably François Rabelais who refers to Cartier and Roberval in Pantagruel. François Rabelais (ca. ...
Portrait of Jacques Cartier by Théophile Hamel, ca. ...
Gargantua and Pantagruel is a connected series of five books written in the 16th century by François Rabelais. ...
18th century Until 1760, the themes of nature, explorations, and the Sauvages continued to mark the imagination of the civilization of New France. The Moeurs des sauvages américains of Joseph Lafiteau, Histoire de l'Amérique septentrionale of Bacqueville de la Potherie and the Histoire et description générale de la Nouvelle-France are in continuity with the writings of the preceding century. 1760 was a leap year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ...
The first verified use of the term Canadien to designate the descendants of French settlers in Canada was written in a song composed in 1756 in honor of Governor Pierre François de Rigaud, Marquis de Vaudreuil-Cavagnal after the victory of Fort Chouaguen. In 1758, Étienne Marchand wrote New a famous poem in Le carillon de la Nouvelle-France. This song tells the story of the victorious battle of Fort Carillon. Pierre François de Rigaud, Marquis de Vaudreuil-Cavagnal (22 November 1698 – 4 August 1778) was a Canadian-born French colonial governor in the Americas. ...
Fort Ticonderoga is a large 18th century fort built at a strategically important narrows in Lake Champlain where a short traverse gives access to the north end of Lake George in the state of New York, USA. The fort controlled both commonly used trade routes between the English-controlled Hudson...
The first poem written by a Canadien after the France chose to keep its territory of Guadeloupe and cede the northern portion of New France to Great Britain is Quand Georges trois pris l'Canada written by an anonymous author in 1763.
The Quebec Gazette newspaper was founded in Quebec City by William Brown on June 21, 1764. The bilingual paper was published in both the French language and the English language and over the years survived to be the oldest newspaer still publishing in North america. The Quebec Chronicle-Telegraph, founded by William Brown (c. ...
William Brown or Bill Brown may be: William Brown (or Guillermo Brown) (1777-1857) Argentine Navy admiral. ...
June 21 is the 172nd day of the year (173rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 193 days remaining. ...
1764 was a leap year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ...
Bilingualism in Canada refers to laws and policies of the federal government – and some other levels of government – mandating that certain services and communications be available to the public in both English and French. ...
World map showing North America A satellite composite image of North America North America is a continent in the northern hemisphere bordered on the north by the Arctic Ocean, on the east by the North Atlantic Ocean, on the south by the Caribbean Sea, and on the west by the...
The literary trends of Europe and the rest of America slowly penetrated the cities, primarily Quebec City and Montreal. The writings of the Enlightenment and those produced at the time of the American and French revolutions were dominant in the available literature. ...
Valentin Jautard and Fleury Mesplet published the first journal of Quebec, the Gazette du commerce et littéraire, in 1778–79. Valentin Jautard, a disciple of Voltaire and sympathizer with the American cause, published many poems under different pseudonyms. Fleury Mesplet (January 10, 1734—January 24, 1794) was a French-Canadian printer. ...
Some notable names of the time are Joseph-Octave Plessis, Ross Cuthbert, Joseph Quesnel and Pierre de Sales Laterrière. Plessis in 1806. ...
Ross Cuthbert (1776-1861) was heir to the seigniories of Lanoraie and Dautray. ...
Joseph Quesnel (15 November 1746 – 3 July 1809) was a French Canadian poet and playwright. ...
In France, Voltaire wrote L'Ingénu, the tale of a Huron who visits France and also Chateaubriand, a French noble exiled in America, wrote Atala and René. The last of Voltaires statues by Jean-Antoine Houdon (1781). ...
Fran ois-Ren , vicomte de Chateaubriand (September 4, 1768 - July 4, 1848) was a French writer and diplomat considered the founder of Romanticism in French literature. ...
Atala is an Italian manufacturer of bicycles and bicycle components, as well as other fitness products. ...
19th century The 19th century marks the beginning of the first real literary works published by Quebecers, including Michel Bibaud, Pierre Boucher de Boucherville, François Réal Angers, Philippe Aubert de Gaspé (son), Amédée Papineau, Joseph Doutre, François-Xavier Garneau, Pierre Jean Olivier Chauveau, John Huston, Louis-Antoine Dessaulles, H.-Émile Chevalier. François-Réal Angers ( 20 November 1812 – 27 March 1860) was a lawyer and writer from Quebec, Canada. ...
Francois-Xavier Garneau (15 June 1809 – 2 or 3 February 1866) was a French Canadian poet, civil servant and liberal who wrote a three volume history of the French Canadian nation entitled Histoire du Canada between 1845 and 1848. ...
Statue of John Huston, Puerto Vallarta, Mexico John Marcellus Huston (August 5, 1906–August 28, 1987) was an American film director and actor. ...
By 1860s, Quebec authors were able to acquire a certain autonomy. It was now easier to publish a book and mass produce it.
Antoine Gérin-Lajoie, Philippe Aubert de Gaspé (father), Louis Fréchette, Arthur Buies, William Kirby, Honoré Beaugrand, Laure Conan, Edith Maude Eaton, William Chapman, Jules-Paul Tardivel, Winnifred Eaton, Pamphile Lemay were some of the key writers in this era. Louis-Honoré Fréchette Louis-Honoré Fréchette, (November 16, 1839 – May 31, 1908), poet, playwright, and short story writer born in Lévis, Québec, Canada. ...
William Kirby. ...
Honoré Beaugrand (24 March 1848 – 7 October 1906) was a Canadian journalist, born in Berthier county, Quebec. ...
Edith Maude Eaton, born March 15, 1865 in Macclesfield, Cheshire, England - died April 7, 1914 in Montreal, Quebec, Canada, was an author best known under the Chinese pseudonym, Sui Sin Far. ...
Jules-Paul Tardivel (2 September 1851 – 24 April 1905) was born in Covington, Kentucky, and sent to Ste. ...
Winnifred Eaton, (August 21, 1875 in Montreal, Quebec, Canada - April 8, 1954 in Butte, Montana), United States was an author. ...
An anonymous song, Les Raftsmen, became popular at the beginning of this century.
20th century Hubert Aquin (born at Montreal, Quebec, Canada on October 24, 1929; died in Montreal on March 15, 1977) was a novelist, political activist, essayist, filmmaker and editor. ...
Nick Auf der Maur (April 10, 1942 - April 7, 1998) was a Canadian journalist, politician and man about town boulevardier in Montreal, Quebec. ...
Yves Beauchemin (born June 26, 1941 in Noranda, Quebec) is a noted Quebec novelist. ...
Paul-Émile Borduas (November 1, 1905 - February 22, 1960) was a Canadian painter known for his abstract paintings. ...
Jacques Brault (born March 29, 1933) is a French Canadian poet who lives in Cowansville, Quebec. ...
Roch Carrier (born May 13, 1937) is a celebrated French-Canadian novelist and author of contes (a very brief form of the short story). ...
Leonard Cohen Leonard Norman Cohen, CC (born September 21, 1934 in Montreal, Quebec, Canada) is a poet, novelist, and singer-songwriter. ...
Réjean Ducharme (born August 12, 1941) is a French-Canadian novelist and playwright who currently resides in Montreal, Quebec. ...
Esther Delisle (born 1954) is a French-Canadian political scientist and author of historical works. ...
This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ...
Jacques Godbout (born November 27, 1933 at Montreal, Quebec, Canada) is a novelist, essayist, childrens writer, journalist, filmmaker and poet. ...
The Honourable William Heward Grafftey, PC , BCL , BA (born August 5, 1928) is a Canadian politician and businessman. ...
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Anne Hebert Anne Hébert (August 1, 1916 - January 22, 2000) was a Canadian author and poet. ...
Irving Layton OC (born March 12, 1912) is a Canadian poet. ...
Roger Lemelin (born April 7, 1919 - March 16, 1992) was a Canadian novelist, television writer, and essayist. ...
Antonine Maillet in 1984 Antonine Maillet (born May 10, 1929) is a Canadian Acadian novelist, playwright, and scholar. ...
Yann Martel Yann Martel (born June 25, 1963) is a Canadian author. ...
Émile Nelligan (December 24, 1879 - November 18, 1941) was a French language poet from Quebec, Canada. ...
Mordecai Richler Mordecai Richler (January 27, 1931 - July 3, 2001) was a Canadian author, scriptwriter and essayist. ...
Gabrielle Roy (March 22, 1909 - July 13, 1983) was a Canadian author. ...
Félix-Antoine Savard (August 31, 1896 – August 24, 1982) was a Canadian priest, academic, poet, novelist, and folklorist. ...
David Solway (born 1941) is a Canadian poet, educational theorist, travel writer and Critic of Jewish descent. ...
Yves Thériault (1915/1916(?) - 1983) was a Canadian author. ...
Michel Tremblay (born June 25, 1942) is an important Québécois novelist and playwright of the 20th century. ...
Marie Uguay (April 22, 1955 – October 26, 1981) was a provincially renowned French Canadian poet from the province of Quebec. ...
Pierre Vallières Pierre Vallières (February 22, 1938 – December 23, 1998), was a founding member and intellectual leader of the terrorist group, the Front de libération du Québec and a journalist and writer of militantly polemical essays and books in support of the Quebec sovereignty movement. ...
See also As a North American society and the only society on the continent with a French-speaking majority, the culture of the province of Quebec, Canada shows many unique features. ...
This is a list of Quebec authors. ...
It has been said that Canadian culture rests solely in the effort to distinguish itself from its southern neighbour, the United States. ...
This is a list of Canadian literary figures, including poets, novelists, childrens writers, essayists, and scholars. ...
Francophone literature is literature written in the French language. ...
External links - History of French Canadian literature.
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