This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding reliable references. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (November 2007)

It has been suggested that Samogitian nobility be merged into this article or section. (Discuss)

Columns of Gediminas, symbol of the Gediminids.

Medieval Coat of Arms of Lithuania was adopted by influential families

Coat of arms with crossed arrows come from ancient times, like Kościesza coat of arms

The Lithuanian nobility was historically a legally privileged class in Grand Duchy of Lithuania consisting of Lithuanian (from historical regions of Lithuania Proper and Samogitia) and in some cases Ruthenian noble families. Families were mostly granted privileges for military service in the Grand Duchy. After Union of Lublin in 1569 it had merged to significant extent with Polish szlachta. Image File history File links Question_book-3. ... Image File history File links Mergefrom. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Columns of Gediminas (Lithuanian Gedimino Stulpai, Polish Słupy Giedymina) are one of the earliest symbols of Lithuania, one of its historical coats of arms, mostly used in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania initially as a state symbol and later as a part of heraldic signs of leading aristocracy, and in... Columns of Gediminas, symbol of the Gediminids. ... Pogon LItewska Coat of Arms This work is copyrighted. ... Pogon LItewska Coat of Arms This work is copyrighted. ... Kosciesza Clan This work is copyrighted. ... Kosciesza Clan This work is copyrighted. ... KoÅ›ciesza - is a Polish Coat of Arms. ... The Grand Duchy of Lithuania (Lithuanian: , Ruthenian: Wialikaje Kniastwa Litowskaje, Ruskaje, Å»amojckaje, Belarusian: , Ukrainian: , Polish: , Latin: ) was an Eastern and Central European state of the 12th[1] /13th century until the 18th century. ... Lithuanians are the Baltic ethnic group native to Lithuania, where they number a little over 3 million [8]. Another million or more make up the Lithuanian diaspora, largely found in countries such as the United States, Brazil, Canada and Russia. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Lithuania. ... Etnographic regions of Lithuania. ... Ruthenian may refer to: Ruthenia, a name applied to various parts of Eastern Europe Ruthenians, the peoples of Ruthenia Ruthenian language, a name applied to several Slavic languages This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ... A privilege is an honour, or permissive activity granted by another person or even a government. ... The Union of Lublin, painted by Jan Matejko The Union of Lublin (Lithuanian: Liublino unija; Belarusian: Лю́блінская ву́нія; Polish: Unia lubelska) - signed on July 1, 1569 in Lublin, united the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania into a single state, the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, with the official... StanisÅ‚aw Antoni Szczuka, a Polish nobleman Szlachta ( ) was the noble class in Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, the two countries that later jointly formed the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. ...

Early stages

Prior to the creation of the Lithuanian state by Mindaugas, lesser members of the nobility were called bajorai (singular - bajoras) and greater nobles, kunigai (singular - kunigas), from the Old German: kunig, meaning "king", or Lithuanian: kunigaikštis, usually translated as duke, Latin: dux. They evolved from tribal leaders, and had chiefly been responsible for waging war and carrying out raiding operations. After the establishment of a unified state they gradually became subordinates to greater Dukes, and later to the King of Lithuania. The Kingdom of Lithuania was the Lithuanian Monarchy, which existed in the 13th century, and was temporarily re-established in the 20th century. ... Mindaugas King of Lithuania Mindaugas monument in Vilnius Mindaugas (approximate English transcription [ˈmın. ... This article is about the nobility title. ... Latin was the language originally spoken in the region around Rome called Latium. ... King of Lithuania was the title of the ruler of Lithuania. ...

In the Grand Duchy of Lithuania

Lithuanian rulers held the title Grand Duke (Lithuanian: Didysis Kunigaikštis), or king (rex which was used in Gediminas' title). At the time multilevel understanding of the nationality was existent and some Ruthenian sought to call themselves Lithuanians.^[1] Lithuanian nobility was slowly transferring their cultural values to Ruthenian families. A good example is Chodkiewicz family, that claimed their ancestry to House of Gediminas. The title Grand Prince (Latin, Magnus Princeps; German, Großfürst, Finnish Suuriruhtinas, Swedish Storfurste, Lithuanian Didysis kunigaikÅ¡tis, Russian Великий князь Velikii kniaz) ranks in honour below Emperor and Tsar but higher than a sovereign Prince (Fürst) or Royal Prince. ... Look up king in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Look up rex in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Gediminas, duke of Lithuania - engraving of XVII ct. ... A title is a prefix or suffix added to a persons name to signify either veneration, an official position or a professional or academic qualification. ... Ruthenia is a name applied to parts of Eastern Europe which were populated by Eastern Slavic peoples, as well as to various states that existed in this territory in the past. ... Nobel Family Chodkiewicz Coat of Arms Chodkiewicz Parents Jan Hieronim Chodkiewicz Krystyna Zborowska Consorts Zofia Mielecka Anna Alojza Ostrogska Children with Zofia Mielecka Hieronim Chodkiewicz Anna Scholastyka Chodkiewicz Date of Birth 1560 Place of Birth  ? Date of Death September 24, 1621 Place of Death Chocim Castle, Poland Jan Karol Chodkiewicz... Coat of arms of the Gediminids dynasty The House of Gediminas refers to the siblings, children, and grandchildren of Gediminas, Grand Duke of Lithuania (1275–1341). ...

In Grand Duchy of Lithuania together with Kingdom of Poland the number of nobles was greatest in Europe reaching up to 7 % of population, in some parts like Samogitia reaching up to 10%. For other uses, see Europe (disambiguation). ...

Evolution

In the late 14th century, Vytautas the Great reformed the Army of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania: instead of calling all men to the war, he formed forces consisting of professional warriors - bajorai (nobles). As there were not enough nobles, Vytautas raised suitable men relieving them form the labour on the land and other duties; for their military service for the Grand Duke they were given land, that was worked by hired men - veldams. The newly formed noble families generally took up the Lithuanian pagan given names of their nobilitated precursors as their family names; this was the case with Goštautai, Radvilos, Astikai, Kęsgailos and others. Their nobilitated representatives are respectively Jonas Goštautas, Radvila Astikas, Kristinas Astikas and Mykolas Kęsgaila. Those families were granted their Coats of Arms under the Union of Horodlo in 1413. Vytautas the Great, 17th century painting Trakai Island Castle Vytautas the Great (Lithuanian:  ; Belarusian: ; Polish: ; Ruthenian: Vitovt; German: ; Latin: Alexander Vitoldus; ca. ... The Grand Duchy of Lithuania (Lithuanian: , Ruthenian: Wialikaje Kniastwa Litowskaje, Ruskaje, Å»amojckaje, Belarusian: , Ukrainian: , Polish: , Latin: ) was an Eastern and Central European state of the 12th[1] /13th century until the 18th century. ... Last name redirects here. ... GoÅ¡tautai (Polish: ) was a Lithuanian noble family, one of the most influential families in the 14-16th centuries. ... RadziwiÅ‚Å‚ (Lithuanian: ; Belarusian: ; Latin: ) is a family of high nobility which has been powerful and important for centuries, first in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and later in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. ... Astikai (Latin: ; Polish: ) was a Lithuanian noble family, that prospered in late XIV and early XVII century. ... KÄ™sgailos – was the Lithuanian noble family, one of the biggest land owners in Grand Duchy of Lithuania. ... Abdank Coat of Arms Jonas Gostautas or GoÅ¡tautas (b. ... Radvila Astikas, Lithuanian noble, died 1477. ... TrÄ…by Coat of Arms, granted to Astikas family in 1413 Kristinas Astikas (d. ... The title given to this article is incorrect due to technical limitations. ...

At first the land was given for the serving men until death (benefice), but during 14th and 15th centuries most of it became patrimony. While by the 14th century the Grand Duke owned 2/3 of the Duchy's land, in 1569 he was the direct owner of only 1/3. Originally a benefice was a gift of land for life as a reward (Latin beneficium, means to do well) for services rendered. ... 1. ...

In the 15th century, the noble social class as such was already formed in Lithuania; for quite a long time it remained open and anyone could be nobilitated for services to the Grand Duke. In time, the influence of lesser nobles decreased and higher nobles were acquiring increasingly more power, especially during the interregnum fights following Vytautas' death. In the 15th century, biggest landowners began to call themselves "lords" (ponai or didikai), hence the Lithuanian Council of Lords was established to represent their interests. For other uses, see Interregnum (disambiguation). ... The Lithuanian Council of Lords (Lithuanian: ) was the main permanent institution of central government in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. ...

In the 16th century, Lithuanian nobility stopped to call themselves as Bajorai; they adopted a term Šlėkta in Lithuanian and Szlachta in Polish instead. Landlords called themselves as Ziemionys or Ziemiane^[2].

Magnates were distinct from other nobles because they had latifundies in different lands including Lithuanian, Ruthenian and even Polish. Most of them had Holy Roman Empire titles - dukes, earls and others. They were holding Grand Duchy offices. This article is about the medieval empire. ...

According to the 1528 military servicemen census ethnic Lithuanian lands had to 5730 horsemen, and Ruthenian lands of Grand Duchy - 5372. One horseman should be provided from 8th owned peasants services. One service had 3-4 peasants courts.

Privileges

After the Grand Duke distributed state land, he became dependent on powerful landowners, who demanded greater liberties and privileges. The nobles were granted administrative and judicial power in their domains and increasing rights in state politics. The legal status of the nobility was based on several privileges, granted by the Grand Dukes: The title of Grand Duke (Latin, Magnus Dux; German, Großherzog, Russian, Великий князь) used in Slavic, Baltic, and Germanic countries, is ranked in honour below King but higher than a sovereign Duke (Herzog) or Prince (Fürst). ...

• In 1387 Grand Duke of Lithuania Jogaila, newly crowned King of Poland, granted a privilege to nobles and soldiers. They were granted personal rights, including the right to inherit and govern land and estates inherited from ncestors or gifted by the Grand Duke. The nobles also had duties to serve in the military, safeguard castles, build and repair castles, bridges, roads, etc.
• In 1413 Vytautas and Jogaila signed Union of Horodło. The act renewed Polish-Lithuanian union and established a common Sejm and guaranteed the right to inherit lands gifted by the Grand Duke. 43 Lithuanian noble families were granted Polish coats of arms.
• Jogaila's privilege in 1432 in essence repeated previous acts. Military service remained as the main way to receive land.
• Privilege of May 6, 1434 was granted by Sigismund Kestutaitis to Catholic and Eastern Orthodox nobility. They were guaranteed freedom to dispose their land. The act prohibited persecutions without a fair trial.
• In 1447 Grand Duke of Lithuania Casimir I Jagiellon signed a law that prohibited people not from Lithuania from obtaining positions within the Catholic Church or state institutions. Some nobles were released from their duties to the Grand Duke. This privilege also marked the beginning of the serfdom process in Lithuania as peasants were removed from Grand Duke's jurisdiction.
• 1492 privilege by Alexander Jagiellon renewed the 1447 privilege and and added a few more provisions, the most important of which limited Grand Duke's rights in regards to foreign policy. The Grand Duke became dependent on the Lithuanian Council of Lords. Without consent of the Council no high official could be removed from his position. Lower positions had to be appointed in the presence of Vilnius, Trakai, and other voivodes. The privilege also prohibited selling various state and church positions to nobility. This way the Grand Duke was limited from exploiting the conflict between higher and lower nobility and profiting from selling the positions. This privilege also meant that city residents could not become officials.
• In 1506 Sigismund I the Old confirmed the position of the Council of Lords in state politics and limited entry to the noble class.
• On April 1, 1557 Sigismund II Augustus fully established serfdom. Peasants lost their land and personal rights and became completely dependent on the nobles.
• Union of Lublin in 1569 created the new state, Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. The nobility was granted right to elect a common ruler for Poland and Lithuania.
• The Third Statute of Lithuania, completed in 1588, further expanded the rights of nobility. Laws could be enacted only by the Sejm of Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. The nobility was granted triple immunity – legal, administrative, and tax. The statute finalized the division between nobility, peasants, and city residents.

Most of the rights were retained even after the third partition of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in 1795. The presumable banner of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania with the coat of arms, called Пагоня in Belarusian, Vytis in Lithuanian and Pogoń in Polish Another version of the Lithuanian banner The Grand Duchy of Lithuania ( Lithuanian: Lietuvos Didžioji Kunigaikštystė, Belarusian: Вялі́кае Кня́ства Літо́ўскае (ВКЛ), Ukrainian: Велике Князівство Литовське (ВКЛ... For other monarchs with similar names , see Ladislaus Jagiello or Ladislaus. ... The Union of HorodÅ‚o was a set of acts introduced in the town of HorodÅ‚o in 1413. ... The Sejm building in Warsaw. ... is the 126th day of the year (127th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Columns of Gediminas Trakai Island Castle Sigismund I Kestutian (Belarusian: , Lithuanian: , Polish: ; born after 1350, murdered 20 March 1440 in Trakai) was the Grand Prince of Lithuania from 1432 to 1440. ... The presumable banner of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania with the coat of arms, called Пагоня in Belarusian, Vytis in Lithuanian and Pogoń in Polish Another version of the Lithuanian banner The Grand Duchy of Lithuania ( Lithuanian: Lietuvos Didžioji Kunigaikštystė, Belarusian: Вялі́кае Кня́ства Літо́ўскае (ВКЛ), Ukrainian: Велике Князівство Литовське (ВКЛ... Casimir IV Jagiellon (Polish: , Lithuanian: ; Belarusian: ; 30 November 1427 - 7 June 1492), of the House of Jagiellons, was Grand Duke of Lithuania from 1440, and King of Poland from 1447, until his death. ... Reign December 12, 1501 - August 19, 1506. ... The Lithuanian Council of Lords (Lithuanian: ) was the main permanent institution of central government in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. ... Reign From December 8, 1506 until April 1, 1548 Coronation On January 24, 1507 in the Wawel Cathedral, Kraków, Poland Royal House Jagiellon Parents Kazimierz IV Jagiellończyk Elżbieta Rakuszanka Consorts Katarzyna Telniczanka Barbara Zapolya Bona Sforza Children with Katarzyna Telniczanka Jan Regina Katarzyna with Barbara Zapolya Jadwiga Anna with Bona... Sigismund II Augustus (Polish: , Lithuanian: ; 1 August 1520 — 7 July 1572) was the only son of Sigismund I the Old, King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania, whom Sigismund II succeeded in 1548. ... Serf redirects here. ... The Union of Lublin, painted by Jan Matejko The Union of Lublin (Lithuanian: Liublino unija; Belarusian: Лю́блінская ву́нія; Polish: Unia lubelska) - signed on July 1, 1569 in Lublin, united the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania into a single state, the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, with the official... Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ...

Ties to the Kingdom of Poland

After the Union of Horodło (1413) Lithuanian nobility acquired equal rights with Kingdom of Poland nobility (szlachta), and during centuries began to merge into it. The process was accelerated after the Union of Lublin (1569) which created the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. The Union of HorodÅ‚o was a set of acts introduced in the town of HorodÅ‚o in 1413. ... The Kingdom of Poland of the Jagiellons was the Polish state in the years between the death of Casimir III in 1370 and the Union of Lublin in 1569. ... StanisÅ‚aw Antoni Szczuka, a Polish nobleman Szlachta ( ) was the noble class in Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, the two countries that later jointly formed the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. ... The Union of Lublin, painted by Jan Matejko The Union of Lublin (Lithuanian: Liublino unija; Belarusian: Лю́блінская ву́нія; Polish: Unia lubelska) - signed on July 1, 1569 in Lublin, united the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania into a single state, the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, with the official... Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ...

Lithuanian nobility self-polonised, replacing Lithuanian and Ruthenian languages with Polish although the process took centuries. In the 16th century new established theory amongst Lithuanian nobility was popular, claiming that Lithuanian nobility was of Roman extraction, and the Lithuanian language was just a morphed Latin language (falsely accused, especially because the Romans had very little hold, if any, in the lands so far north) ^[3] (see also sarmatism). In 1595 Mikalojus Daukša addressed Lithuanian nobility for Lithuanian language to play more important role in state life. Though, the usage of Lithuanian declined, and the Polish language became main in the offices of Grand Duchy of Lithuania in the late 17th century. Polonization (Polish: ) is the assumption (complete or partial), of the Polish language or another real or supposed Polish attribute. ... Ruthenian was a historic East Slavic language, spoken in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and later in the East Slavic territories of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. ... Lithuanian is the official language of Lithuania, spoken by about 4 million native speakers (Lithuanians). ... For other uses, see Latins and Latin (disambiguation). ... Sarmatism was the dominant lifestyle, culture and ideology of szlachta (nobility social class) in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth from 16th century to 19th century. ... Mikalojus DaukÅ¡a (Polish: ) (b. ... The Grand Duchy of Lithuania (Lithuanian: , Ruthenian: Wialikaje Kniastwa Litowskaje, Ruskaje, Å»amojckaje, Belarusian: , Ukrainian: , Polish: , Latin: ) was an Eastern and Central European state of the 12th[1] /13th century until the 18th century. ...

At first only Lithuanian magnate families were affected, although many of them like Radziwiłłs remained patriots of Lithuania who fought long and hard against the ever-encroaching Polish dominion, even after 1795. Gradually it evolved to wider group of population, and for the most part Lithuanian nobility became part of the both nations szlachta. Polish Magnate (17th century) Magnate, from the Late Latin magnas, a great man, itself from Latin magnus great, designates a noble or other man in a high social position, by birth, wealth or other qualities. ... StanisÅ‚aw Antoni Szczuka, a Polish nobleman Szlachta ( ) was the noble class in Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, the two countries that later jointly formed the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. ...

Nonetheless the Lithuanian nobles did preserve their national awareness as members of the Grand Duchy, and in most cases recognition of their Lithuanian family roots; their leaders would continue to represent the interests of Grand Duchy of Lithuania in the Sejm of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and on the royal court. For other uses, see Nation (disambiguation). ... The Grand Duchy of Lithuania (Lithuanian: , Ruthenian: Wialikaje Kniastwa Litowskaje, Ruskaje, Żamojckaje, Belarusian: , Ukrainian: , Polish: , Latin: ) was an Eastern and Central European state of the 12th[1] /13th century until the 18th century. ... Royal court (as distinguished from a court of law) may refer to a number of institutions: A noble court - the household or entourage of a monarch or other ruler The Royal Court of Jersey - the main court of justice of Jersey The Royal Court of Guernsey - the main court of...

After Partitions of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth

The major effects on the lesser Lithuanian nobility (bajoras) took its place after Russian Empire's sanctions removing Lithuania from names of Gubernya's (see Lithuanian Governorate) and announcing that "every Lithuanian is a Russian seduced by Poles and Chrisitianty" banning the print in Lithuanian language. In the 19th century a Latin formula gente Lithuanus, natione Polonus (Lithuanian people, Polish nation) was common in the Lithuania Proper and former Samogitian Eldership. With Polish culture becoming one of the primary centers of resistance to the Russian Empire, polonization in some regions actually strengthened - fighting the Russification, and hence an even larger part of Lithuanian nobility was Polonised and adopted Polish identity by the late 19th century. Although the 1897 Russian census shows that 27,7 percent of nobility living in nowadays Lithuania's borders were speaking Lithuanian as a mothers language.^[4][5] This number was even higher in Kovno Governorate, where 36,6 percent of nobility declared Lithuanian language their mothers language^[4]. The Partitions of Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth (Polish: Rozbiór Polski or Rozbiory Polski; Lithuanian: Lietuvos-Lenkijos padalijimai, Belarusian: Падзелы Рэчы Паспалітай) took place in the 18th century and ended the existence of the sovereign Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. ... The subject of this article was previously also known as Russia. ... Guberniya (also gubernia, guberniia, and gubernya) (Russian: губе́рния) was a major administrative subdivision of the Imperial Russia, usually translated as province or Governorate. ... The Lithuanian press ban (Lithuanian: ) was a ban on all Lithuanian language publications printed in the Latin alphabet within the Russian Empire, which controlled Lithuania at the time. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Lithuania. ... The Eldership of Samogitia (Lithuanian: Žemaičių seniūnija) was the western part of Lithuania Artistic picture of Žemaičių Seniūnija in 18th century. ... Russification is an adoption of the Russian language or some other Russian attribute (whether voluntarily or not) by non-Russian communities. ... Kovno Governorate with a center in Kovno (Kaunas) was a governorate (guberniya) of the Russian Empire. ... Lithuanian is the official language of Lithuania, spoken by about 4 million native speakers (Lithuanians). ...

The processes of Polonization and Russification were however partially reversed with the Lithuanian National Revival which also begun around that time. Although originating mostly from the non-noble classes, a number of nobles reembraced their Lithuanian roots.

During interbellum years government of Lithuania issued land reform limiting manors with 150 ha of land, and confiscating land from those nobles who were fighting in Polish-Lithuanian War on the Polish side. Many members of Lithuanian nobility in interbellum and post WW2 years emigrated to Poland, many were deported to Siberia during the years 1945-53 of Soviet occupation, many manors were destroyed. Currently Lithuanian nobility association is restored. An interbellum is a period between wars. ... Combatants Second Polish Republic Lithuania Commanders Adam Nieniewski Silvestras Žukauskas Strength  ? ca. ... This article is about Siberia as a whole. ...

Heraldry

The most ancient heraldry has crossed arrows motive. In 1413 Union of Horodło 47 Lithuanian noble families adopted Polish nobility coat of arms. Later more families did the same. The Union of HorodÅ‚o was a set of acts introduced in the town of HorodÅ‚o in 1413. ... This is a List of Polish Coats of Arms. ...

Influential Lithuanian families

Families from ethnic Lithuania

• Alelkaičiai
• Olshanski (Alšėniškiai^[6][7])
• Astikai
• Czartoryski
• Gediminaičiai
• Gedgaudai
• Giedraičiai
• Goštautai
• Kęsgailos
• Mangirdaičiai
• Mantautaičiai
• Radziwiłł (Radvila)
• Sviriškiai
• Valmantaičiai

Astikai (Latin: ; Polish: ) was a Lithuanian noble family, that prospered in late XIV and early XVII century. ... Czartoryski is the surname of a Polish szlachta ( gentry) family (also known as the Familia Czartoryskich). ... Columns of Gediminas, symbol of the Gediminids. ... Goštautai (Polish: ) was a Lithuanian noble family, one of the most influential families in the 14-16th centuries. ... Kęsgailos – was the Lithuanian noble family, one of the biggest land owners in Grand Duchy of Lithuania. ... Radziwiłł (Lithuanian: ; Belarusian: ; Latin: ) is a family of high nobility which has been powerful and important for centuries, first in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and later in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. ...

Families from Ruthenia

• Chodkiewicz
• Ogiński
• Ostrogski
• Pac
• Sapieha
• Tyszkiewicz
• Wiśniowiecki

Nobel Family Chodkiewicz Coat of Arms Chodkiewicz Parents Jan Hieronim Chodkiewicz Krystyna Zborowska Consorts Zofia Mielecka Anna Alojza Ostrogska Children with Zofia Mielecka Hieronim Chodkiewicz Anna Scholastyka Chodkiewicz Date of Birth 1560 Place of Birth  ? Date of Death September 24, 1621 Place of Death Chocim Castle, Poland Jan Karol Chodkiewicz... Gozdawa - is a Polish Coat of Arms. ... The family coat of arms was: Lis. ... Tyszkiewicz palace on Lake GalvÄ—, Trakai Tyszkiewicz (Polish), TyÅ¡kievič (Belarussian), TiÅ¡kevičiai (Lithuanian) , Tyshkevich (Russian) was a wealthy and influential magnate family of Belarusian/Lithuanian nobility with roots traced into the times of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. ... Pages in category WiÅ›niowiecki There are 9 pages in this section of this category. ...

Families from Livonia

• Plater
• Tyzenhaus
• Römer

Plater is a surname of several branches of one of the notable families of Livonian and Polish-Lithuanian ancestry. ...

See also

• List of early Lithuanian dukes
• List of Lithuanian rulers
• Germanic monarchy for references to Germanic origins of kuningaz (Modern German: König, English: king).
• Szlachta

This article lists rulers of lands attributed to Lithuania (including Samogitia) before the country was unified by Mindaugas in 13th centrury. ... The following is a list of Lithuanian rulers — grand dukes, kings, and presidents — when Lithuania was a sovereign state or was regarded as a separate entity (i. ... Germanic monarchy, also called barbarian monarchy, was a monarchical system of government which predominated among the Germanic tribes of Late Antiquity and the Early Middle Ages. ... Stanisław Antoni Szczuka, a Polish nobleman Szlachta ( ) was the noble class in Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, the two countries that later jointly formed the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. ...

Notes

Lituanus is an English language quarterly journal dedicated to Lithuanian and Baltic languages, linguistics, political science, arts, history, literature, and related topics. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 265th day of the year (266th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... ISSN, or International Standard Serial Number, is the unique eight-digit number applied to a periodical publication including electronic serials. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 334th day of the year (335th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...

References

• (Lithuanian) Rimvydas Petrauskas Giminaičiai ir pavaldiniai: Lietuvos bajorų grupės XIV a. pabaigoje-XV a. I pusėje in: Lietuva ir jos kaimynai: nuo normanų iki Napoleono: prof. Broniaus Dundulio atminimui. Vilnius, 2001, p. 107-126.
• (Lithuanian) Rimvydas Petrauskas, Lietuvos diduomenė XIV a.pabaigoje - XV a.:sudėtis-struktūra-valdžia. Aidai, Vilnius; 2003.
• Aleksandravičius, Egidijus (1999). "The double fate of the Lithuanian gentry". Lituanus 45 (3). Retrieved on 2007-09-06.  Historiographical notes on the research of Lithuanian nobility.
• Schmalstieg, William R. (1982). "Lithuanian names". Lituanus 28 (3). Retrieved on 2007-09-06. 

Lituanus is an English language quarterly journal dedicated to Lithuanian and Baltic languages, linguistics, political science, arts, history, literature, and related topics. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 249th day of the year (250th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Lituanus is an English language quarterly journal dedicated to Lithuanian and Baltic languages, linguistics, political science, arts, history, literature, and related topics. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) was a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar in the 21st century. ... is the 249th day of the year (250th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ...

External links

• Lithuanian Royal Union of Nobility