Inaugural journey of the Liverpool and Manchester Railway

The Liverpool and Manchester Railway (L&MR) was the world's first intercity passenger railway in which all the trains were timetabled and operated for most of the distance solely by steam locomotives. (The Stockton and Darlington Railway opened in 1825, but sections of this line employed cable haulage, and only the coal trains were hauled by locomotives. Horse-drawn traffic could use the railway upon payment of a toll.) The L&MR was primarily built to provide faster transport of raw materials and finished goods between the port of Liverpool and mills in Manchester in north-west England. Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Union Pacific Big Boy #4012 at work on a cold November 29, 1941 A steam locomotive is a locomotive powered by steam. ... Opening of the Stockton and Darlington Railway by John Dobbin, circa 1825. ... Location within England Coordinates: , Sovereign state United Kingdom Constituent country England Region North West England Ceremonial county Historic county Merseyside Lancashire Admin HQ Liverpool City Centre Founded 1207 City Status 1880 Government  - Type Metropolitan borough, City  - Governing body Liverpool City Council Area  - Borough & City 43. ... Manchester shown within England Coordinates: , Sovereign state United Kingdom Constituent country England Region North West England Ceremonial county Greater Manchester Admin HQ Manchester City Centre Founded 13th Century City Status 1853 Government  - Type Metropolitan borough, City  - Governing body Manchester City Council Area  - Borough & City 115. ... Motto (French) God and my right Anthem No official anthem - the United Kingdom anthem God Save the Queen is commonly used England() – on the European continent() – in the United Kingdom() Capital (and largest city) London (de facto) Official languages English (de facto)1 Unified  -  by Athelstan 927 AD  Area  -  Total...

Historic Line

Up to Construction

The L&MR was intended to achieve cheap transport of raw materials and finished goods between the Port of Liverpool, and Manchester, which was luckily in close proximity to reap the benefits of the vast amount of Textile raw material handled at Liverpool. The existing means of water transport, the Mersey and Irwell Navigation and the Bridgewater Canal, dated from the previous century, and were felt to be making excessive profits from the existing trade and throttling the growth of Manchester. (Similar feelings with regard to the railways led in turn to the construction of the Manchester Ship Canal in the 1890s). There was support for the railway from the cities at either end, but opposition from the landowners over whose land the railway was proposed to pass. The River Irwell is a river in the counties of Lancashire and Greater Manchester in England that flows through (and divides) the centres of Manchester and Salford, before joining the River Mersey, and one of the rivers that drove the Industrial Revolution. ... The Bridgewater Canal is a canal in North West England, near Manchester. ... The canal at its Manchester end, looking towards Old Trafford. ...

The original promoters are usually acknowledged to be Joseph Sandars, a rich Liverpool corn merchant, and John Kennedy, then owner of the largest spinning mill in the UK's third city of Manchester. They were influenced by the writings of William James. Now something of a forgotten figure, James was a land surveyor who had made a fortune in property speculation. He advocated a national network of 'railways', based upon what he had seen of the development of colliery lines and locomotive technology in the north of England. William James (13 June 1771 – 10 March 1837) was a land agent and surveyor who in 1821 made the original survey for the pioneering Liverpool and Manchester Railway. ...

The Liverpool and Manchester Railway Company was founded on 24 May 1823. It was established by Henry Booth, who became its secretary and treasurer, along with other merchants from Liverpool and Manchester. A bill presented in 1825 to Parliament was rejected, but it passed in May the following year. In Liverpool 172 people took 1979 shares, in London 96 took 844, Manchester 15 with 124, 24 others with 286. The Marquess of Stafford had 1000, giving 308 shareholders with 4233 shares. is the 144th day of the year (145th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1823 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... Henry Booth was born 4 April 1788 died 1869, on Rodney Street, Liverpool, England. ... Location within England Coordinates: , Sovereign state United Kingdom Constituent country England Region North West England Ceremonial county Historic county Merseyside Lancashire Admin HQ Liverpool City Centre Founded 1207 City Status 1880 Government  - Type Metropolitan borough, City  - Governing body Liverpool City Council Area  - Borough & City 43. ... Manchester shown within England Coordinates: , Sovereign state United Kingdom Constituent country England Region North West England Ceremonial county Greater Manchester Admin HQ Manchester City Centre Founded 13th Century City Status 1853 Government  - Type Metropolitan borough, City  - Governing body Manchester City Council Area  - Borough & City 115. ... Opening of the Stockton and Darlington Railway 1825 (MDCCCXXV) was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... This article is about the capital of England and the United Kingdom. ... George Granville Leveson-Gower, 1st Duke of Sutherland, KG, PC (9 January 1758 – 19 July 1833) was the son of the 1st Marquess of Stafford. ... A shareholder or stockholder is an individual or company (including a corporation) that legally owns one or more shares of stock in a joint stock company. ...

Stephenson's viaduct crossing the Sankey Brook

The initial survey for the line was carried out by William James and Robert Stephenson and, being done surreptitiously and/or by trespass, was defective. Robert departed for South America and William James became bankrupt. Consequently, in 1824 George Stephenson was appointed engineer in their place. By this time, he was taking on too much. As Robert was absent, George (who could not do the calculations required, and had relied on his son for this part of the business) left checking the survey to subordinates. Upon presentation to Parliament in 1825 it was shown to be inaccurate (particularly in relation to the Irwell bridge), and the first Bill was thrown out. A key opposition figure in this had been G. H. Bradshaw, one of the trustees of the Marquess of Stafford's Worsley estate, which included the Bridgewater Canal. Download high resolution version (1728x2304, 784 KB)Stephensons Viaduct crossing the Sankey Brook, photograph taken by Lmno on 9 Oct 2004 File links The following pages link to this file: Liverpool and Manchester Railway Newton-le-Willows Sankey Canal Categories: GFDL images ... Download high resolution version (1728x2304, 784 KB)Stephensons Viaduct crossing the Sankey Brook, photograph taken by Lmno on 9 Oct 2004 File links The following pages link to this file: Liverpool and Manchester Railway Newton-le-Willows Sankey Canal Categories: GFDL images ... Sankey Viaduct crossing Sankey Brook The Sankey Viaduct is a railway viaduct at Bradley Lane Newton-le-Willows, St Helens, Merseyside, it was built between 1828 and 1830 by George Stephenson for the Liverpool and Manchester Railway Company. ... William James (13 June 1771 – 10 March 1837) was a land agent and surveyor who in 1821 made the original survey for the pioneering Liverpool and Manchester Railway. ... Statue of Robert Stephenson at Euston Station, London Robert Stephenson FRS (October 16, 1803–October 12, 1859) was an English civil engineer. ... South America South America is a continent crossed by the equator, with most of its area in the Southern Hemisphere. ... 1824 was a leap year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... George Stephenson George Stephenson For the British politician, see George Stevenson. ... Opening of the Stockton and Darlington Railway 1825 (MDCCCXXV) was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... George Granville Leveson-Gower, 1st Duke of Sutherland, KG, PC (9 January 1758 – 19 July 1833) was the son of the 1st Marquess of Stafford. ... The Bridgewater Canal is a canal in North West England, near Manchester. ...

In place of Stephenson, who was now in disgrace, the railway promoters appointed George and John Rennie as engineers, who chose C. B. Vignoles as their surveyor. They also set out to placate the canal interests and had the good fortune to be able to approach the Marquess directly through the good offices of their counsel, Mr. Adam, who was a relative of one of the trustees, and the support of William Huskisson who knew the Marquess personally. Implacable opposition to the line changed to financial support, a considerable coup. George Rennie, engineer, Born in London, England, on 3 December 1791 Died in 1866 Son of John Rennie Brother of Sir John Rennie A consultant in the construction of the foundations of Londons Grosvenor Bridge 1832, two years early he had worked with his brother, Sir John Rennie, in... Categories: Stub | 1794 births | 1874 deaths ... // Charles Blacker Vignoles (1793-1875) was an influential early railway engineer, and eponym of the Vignoles rail. ... William Huskisson (11 March 1770 - 15 September 1830), was a British statesman, financier, and Member of Parliament for Liverpool. ...

The second Bill received the Royal Assent in 1826, and was for a railway on a considerably different alignment, avoiding the properties of particularly vociferous or effective opponents of the previous Bill, but as a consequence facing the challenge of crossing Chat Moss bog. It was intended to place the Manchester terminus on the Salford side of the river, but the Mersey and Irwell Navigation withdrew their opposition to a crossing of their river at the last moment, in return for access for their carts to the intended railway bridge. The Manchester station was thus fixed at Liverpool Road in the heart of Castlefield. The oldest surviving photograph, Nicéphore Niépce, circa 1826 1826 (MDCCCXXVI) was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Tuesday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ... Chat Moss is a large peat bog in Lancashire, England. ... Lütt-Witt Moor, a bog in Henstedt-Ulzburg in northern Germany. ... The River Irwell is a river in the counties of Lancashire and Greater Manchester in England that flows through (and divides) the centres of Manchester and Salford, before joining the River Mersey, and one of the rivers that drove the Industrial Revolution. ... Castlefield Castlefield in Manchester, UK was a site where the Roman Empire established a fort. ...

Construction

The terms asked for by the Rennies proving unnacceptable, George Stephenson was reappointed as engineer with his assistant Joseph Locke. Previous experience with civil engineers set Stephenson against allowing Vignoles to continue his survey and he resigned. L. T. C. Rolt in his biography of Stephenson suggests that a faction on the Board continued to ask Stephenson for second opinions, and Rennie took umbrage at this. Vignoles may have resigned because he had been appointed by Rennie, and as an ex-army engineer thought it the honourable thing to do. Joseph Locke, railway engineer Joseph Locke (9 August 1805- 18 September 1860) was a notable British civil engineer of the 19th century, particularly associated with railway projects. ...

The 35-mile (56.327 km) line was a remarkable engineering achievement for its time, beginning with the 2250-yard (2,057.4 m) Wapping Tunnel beneath Liverpool from the docks to Edge Hill. Following this was a two mile (3.219 km)-long-cutting, up to 70 feet (21.336 m) deep, through rock at Olive Mount, and a nine 50-foot (15.24 m) span arch viaduct over the Sankey Brook Valley, around 70 feet high. Not least was the famous 4.75 mile (7.664 km) crossing of Chat Moss. A yard (abbreviation: yd) is the name of a unit of length in a number of different systems, including English units, Imperial units, and United States customary units. ... The metre (American English:meter) is a measure of length. ... Wapping Tunnel is 2030 m long, and runs downhill from the Crown Street Station goods yard to Park Lane Goods Station, in Liverpool. ... Metung Wharf on Bancroft Bay, Gippsland Lakes, Victoria, Australia A wharf is a fixed platform, commonly on pilings, roughly parallel to and alongside navigable water, where ships are loaded and unloaded. ... Edge Hill is a district of Liverpool, England The area was first developed in the late 18th/early 19th century. ... Chat Moss is a large peat bog in Lancashire, England. ...

Having found it impossible to drain the bog, Stephenson began constructing a large number of wooden and heather hurdles, which were sunk into the bog using stones and earth until they could provide a solid foundation - it was reported that at one point tipping went on solidly for weeks until such a foundation had been created. To this day the track across Chat Moss floats on the hurdles that Stephenson's men laid and if one stands near the lineside one can feel the ground move as a train passes. It is worthy of note that the line now supports locomotives 25 times the weight of the Rocket, which hauled the first experimental train over the moss in January 1830. Lütt-Witt Moor, a bog in Henstedt-Ulzburg in northern Germany. ... Trunks A tree trunk as found at the Veluwe, The Netherlands Wood is a solid material derived from woody plants, notably trees but also shrubs. ... Heather may be: In botany, the plant Calluna vulgaris, or, more loosely, various species of the closely related genera Erica and Cassiope, low evergreen shrubs (also called heaths). The term is also used to describe land which is vegetated with these plants; In apparel or textiles, interwoven yarns with a... This balancing rock, Steamboat Rock stands in Garden of the Gods park in Colorado Springs, CO The rocky side of a mountain creek near Orosí, Costa Rica. ... Loess field in Germany Surface-water-gley developed in glacial till, Northern Ireland Technically, soil forms the pedosphere: the interface between the lithosphere (rocky part of the planet) and the biosphere, atmosphere, and hydrosphere. ...

The railway needed 64 bridges and viaducts, all of which were built of brick or masonry, with one exception: the Water Street bridge at the Manchester terminus. A cast iron beam girder bridge was used here to save headway in the street below the line. It was designed by William Fairbairn and Eaton Hodgkinson, and cast locally at their factory in Ancoats. It is important because cast iron girders became an important structural material for the growing rail network. Although Fairbairn tested the girders before installation, not all were so well designed, and there were many examples of catastrophic failure in the years to come, culminating in the Dee bridge disaster of 1847. A log bridge in the French Alps near Vallorcine. ... Torontos Bloor Street Viaduct bridges the Don valley; road traffic uses the upper deck, rail traffic uses the lower deck. ... An old brick wall in English bond laid with alternating courses of headers and A brick is a block of ceramic material used in masonry construction and sized to be layed with one hand using mortar. ... Masonry in action; a Mason at work. ... A statically determinate beam, bending under an evenly distributed load. ... This page is a candidate to be copied to Wiktionary. ... The Structure gauge, also called the minimum clearance outline, is the minimum size of tunnels and bridges as well as the minimum size of the doors that allow a rail siding access into a warehouse. ... Sir William Fairbairn Sir William Fairbairn (February 19, 1789 - August 18, 1874) was a Scottish engineer. ... Eaton A. Hodgkinson (February 26, 1789 - June 18, 1861) was an English engineer, a pioneer of the application of mathematics to problems of structural design. ... This article or section does not cite its references or sources. ... Cast iron usually refers to grey cast iron, but can mean any of a group of iron-based alloys containing more than 2% carbon (alloys with less carbon are carbon steel by definition). ... The Dee bridge after its collapse The Dee bridge disaster was a rail accident that occurred in 1847. ...

The line was laid using 15-foot (4.572 m) fish-belly rails at 35 lb. per yard (17.398 kg/m), laid either on stone blocks or wooden sleepers. It has been suggested that Vignoles rail be merged into this article or section. ... This balancing rock, Steamboat Rock stands in Garden of the Gods park in Colorado Springs, CO The rocky side of a mountain creek near Orosí, Costa Rica. ... Masonry in action; a Mason at work. ... Timber in storage for later processing at a sawmill Timber is a term used to describe wood, either standing or that has been processed for use—from the time trees are felled, to its end product as a material suitable for industrial use—as structural material for construction or wood... Ferroconcrete sleepers A variant fastening of rails to wooden sleepers A railroad tie, cross tie, or sleeper is a rectangular object used as a base for railroad tracks. ...

Cable or locomotive haulage

In 1829 adhesion-worked locomotives had not proved particularly reliable. The experience on the Stockton and Darlington Railway was well-publicised, and a section of the Hetton colliery railway had been converted to cable haulage. The success of the latter method was undisputable, while the steam locomotive was still untried. The L&MR had sought to de-emphasise the use of steam locomotives during the passage of the bill, the public having become alarmed at the idea of these monstrous machines which, if they did not explode, would fill the countryside with noxious fumes. Moreover, attention was turning towards steam road carriages, such as those of Goldsworthy Gurney. There was thus a division in the L&MR board between those who supported Stephenson's "loco-motive" and those who favoured cable haulage, the latter supported by the opinion of the engineer, John Rastrick. Stephenson was not averse to cable haulage - he continued to build such lines where he felt it appropriate - but knew its main disadvantage, that any breakdown anywhere would paralyse the whole line. Johann Wolfgang von Goethe 1829 was a common year starting on Thursday (see link for calendar). ... Opening of the Stockton and Darlington Railway by John Dobbin, circa 1825. ... The Hetton colliery railway was a private railway opened in 1822 by the Hetton Coal Company at Hetton Lyons, County Durham. ... Goldsworthy Gurney in earlier life Sir Goldsworthy Gurney (1793-1875) was a surgeon, chemist, lecturer, consultant, architect, builder and prototypical British inventor of the Victorian period. ... John Urpeth Rastrick (January 26, 1780 – November 1, 1856) was one of the first English steam locomotive builders. ...

The gradient profile of the line had been arranged so as to concentrate the steep grades in three places (either side of Rainhill at 1 in 100 and down to the docks at Liverpool at 1 in 50) and make the rest of the line very gently graded, say 1 in 2000. To determine whether and which locomotives would be suitable, the directors organised the Rainhill Trials. When the line opened the final passenger section from Edge Hill to Crown Street railway station was cable hauled as was the section down the Wapping Tunnel. The Rainhill Trials were an important competition in the early days of steam locomotive railways, run in October of 1829 near Rainhill (just outside Liverpool). ... Crown Street Station was on Crown Street, Liverpool, England. ... Wapping Tunnel is 2030 m long, and runs downhill from the Crown Street Station goods yard to Park Lane Goods Station, in Liverpool. ...

Double track

The line was built as double track. Firstly, there was no convenient means of operating the line as single track as the line predated the telegraph. Secondly, the amount of traffic was expected to require double track. A BNSF Railway intermodal train passes some maintenance of way equipment on the double track mainline in Prairie du Chien, Wisconsin. ... Telegraphy (from the Greek words tele = far away and grapho = write) is the long distance transmission of written messages without physical transport of letters, originally over wire. ...

A decision had to be made about how far apart the rails of the double track should be. It was decided to make the space between the separate tracks the same as the track gauge itself, so that it would be possible to operate over-gauge trains up the middle, something which probably never happened. In later years, it was decided that the tracks were too close together, restricting the width of the trains, so the gap between tracks was widened. A loading gauge is the envelope or contoured shape within which all railway vehicles, engines, coaches, and trucks must fit. ...

Opening

Stephenson's bridge over the Warrington - Wigan Turnpike Road

Huskisson monument

The line opened on 15 September 1830 with termini at Liverpool Road, Manchester (now part of the Museum of Science and Industry in Manchester) and Edge Hill, Liverpool. The festivities of the opening day were marred when William Huskisson, the popular Member of Parliament for Liverpool, seized the opportunity of a temporary halt to alight and talk to the Duke of Wellington, then Prime Minister, through the Duke's carriage window. Standing on the permanent way, he misjudged the speed of the approaching Rocket and was run over, becoming the world's first railway passenger fatality. (He was not killed instantly; the locomotive Northumbrian was detached from the Duke's train and rushed him to Eccles, where he died in the vicarage). The somewhat subdued party proceeded to Manchester, where, the Duke being deeply unpopular with the labouring classes, they were given a lively reception (bricks thrown, etc), and returned to Liverpool. Download high resolution version (2304x1728, 1369 KB)Stephensons bridge over the Warrington - Wigan Turnpike Road. ... Download high resolution version (2304x1728, 1369 KB)Stephensons bridge over the Warrington - Wigan Turnpike Road. ... The Hyde Park Toll Gate, London. ... Download high resolution version (2304x1728, 1360 KB)Monument to William Huskisson (currently fenced off), photograph taken by Lmno on 9 Oct 2004 File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Download high resolution version (2304x1728, 1360 KB)Monument to William Huskisson (currently fenced off), photograph taken by Lmno on 9 Oct 2004 File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... is the 258th day of the year (259th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Liberty Leading the People by Eugène Delacroix commemorates the July Revolution 1830 (MDCCCXXX) was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... Liverpool Road railway station, Manchester Liverpool Road Station is a former railway station in Manchester, England. ... Manchester shown within England Coordinates: , Sovereign state United Kingdom Constituent country England Region North West England Ceremonial county Greater Manchester Admin HQ Manchester City Centre Founded 13th Century City Status 1853 Government  - Type Metropolitan borough, City  - Governing body Manchester City Council Area  - Borough & City 115. ... Museum of Science and Industry. ... William Huskisson (11 March 1770 - 15 September 1830), was a British statesman, financier, and Member of Parliament for Liverpool. ... Field Marshal Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington, KG, GCB, GCH, PC, FRS (c. ... A prime minister is the most senior minister of a cabinet in the executive branch of government in a parliamentary system. ... A contemporary drawing of Rocket Rocket as preserved in the Science Museum, London. ... Location within the British Isles Eccles is a Small Town in the northwest of England that is in the metropolitan borough of the City of Salford but not, traditionally, part of Salford. ...

Notwithstanding the unfortunate start to its career, the L&MR was very successful. Within a few weeks of opening it ran its first excursion trains, carried the first mails, and was conveying road-rail containers for Pickfords; by the summer of 1831 it was carrying tens of thousands by special trains to Newton Races.

Although the Act had allowed for it to be used by private carriers paying a toll, from the start the company decided to own and operate the trains itself. Although the original intention had been to carry goods, the canal companies reduced their prices, (an indication that, perhaps the railwaymen had been right to suggest their charges were excessive) and the extra transit time was acceptable in most cases. In fact the line did not start carrying goods until December, when the first of some more powerful engines, "Planet", was delivered. What was not expected was the line's success in carrying passengers. The experience at Rainhill had shown that uprecedented speed could be achieved. The train was also cheaper and more comfortable than travel by road. So, at first, the company concentrated on this, a decision that had repercussions across the country and triggered the "railway mania". Railway mania was the term given to the speculative frenzy in Britain in the 1840s. ...

Initially trains travelled at 17 mph, due the limitations of the track. Drivers could, and did, travel more quickly, but they would be reprimanded. By 1840, the track seems to have been largely replaced by parallel rail of 60-75 lb. per yard, with wooden sleepers. 1840 is a leap year starting on Wednesday (link will take you to calendar). ...

The tunnel from Lime Street to Edge Hill was fully completed in 1836, and when it opened carriages were separated from their engines and lowered to Lime Street station by gravity, their descent controlled by brakemen, and hauled back up to Edge Hill by rope from a stationary engine. The tunnel is approximately 1811 metres (1980 yards) long.

Replica of the Planet

On 30 July 1842 work started to extend the line from Ordsall Lane to the new Manchester Victoria station. The extension was opened on 4 May 1844 and Liverpool Road closed. Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (973x943, 295 KB)A working replica of Robert Stephensons 1830 locomotive Planet which ran on the Liverpool and Manchester Railway. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Download high-resolution version (973x943, 295 KB)A working replica of Robert Stephensons 1830 locomotive Planet which ran on the Liverpool and Manchester Railway. ... is the 211th day of the year (212th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1842 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... is the 124th day of the year (125th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Jan. ...

Pioneer

Being one of the first railways, many lessons had to be learnt from experience, but not many passengers were killed except by their own negligence. The L&MR developed the practice of red signals for stop, green for caution and white for clear, which spread by the early 1840s to other railways in Britain and the United States. These colours later changed to the more familiar red, yellow and green. The L&MR was also responsible for the gauge of 4 ft 8½ in (1435 mm), which came to be used more or less universally. As railways developed and expanded one of the key issues to be decided was that of the rail gauge (the distance between the two rails of the track) which should be used. ... A foot (plural: feet or foot;[1] symbol or abbreviation: ft or, sometimes, ′ – a prime) is a unit of length, in a number of different systems, including English units, Imperial units, and United States customary units. ... An inch (plural: inches; symbol or abbreviation: in or, sometimes, ″ - a double prime) is the name of a unit of length in a number of different systems, including English units, Imperial units, and United States customary units. ... A millimetre (American spelling: millimeter, symbol mm) is an SI unit of length that is equal to one thousandth of a metre. ...

In 1845 the L&MR was absorbed by its principal business partner, the Grand Junction Railway; the following year the GJR formed part of the London and North Western Railway. 1845 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... The Grand Junction Railway (GJR) was an early railway company in the United Kingdom which existed between 1833 and 1846. ... The London and North Western Railway (LNWR) was formed in 1846 by the merger of three railway companies - the Grand Junction Railway, London and Birmingham and Manchester and Birmingham. ...

Modern Line

The original Liverpool and Manchester line still operates as a secondary line between the two cities - the southern route, the former Cheshire Lines Committee route via Warrington Central is the busier route. The Cheshire Lines Committee (CLC) was the second largest joint railway in Great Britain. ... Warrington Central railway station is one of two main railway stations serving the town of Warrington in the north-west of England. ...

On the original route, an hourly fast service is operated by Northern Rail, from Liverpool to Manchester, usually calling at Wavertree Technology Park, Earlestown, Newton-le-Willows and Manchester Oxford Road, and continuing via Manchester Piccadilly station to Manchester Airport. Northern Rail also operates an hourly service calling at all stations from Liverpool Lime Street to Manchester Victoria. This is supplemented by an additional all-stations service between Liverpool and Earlestown, which continues to Warrington Bank Quay. Northern Rail is a train and railway operating company that has operated local services in the north of England since 2004. ... Wavertree Technology Park railway station is in the suburbs of Liverpool in the north west of England. ... The station canopy windows reflecting the Refuge Assurance building Manchester Oxford Road Station is a railway station in Manchester, UK. The station is not actually in Oxford Road but slightly to the north of that thoroughfare, just off (or rather above) Oxford Street, on an elevated track between Deansgate and... Interior shot of the station with the Victorian trainshed. ... Manchesters International Airport has a station built into its terminal buildings, and is currently a 2-platform hub with transport connections to the local bus network. ... Warrington Bank Quay is a mainline train station serving the U.K. town of Warrington. ...

Between Warrington (Bank Quay), Earlestown and Manchester Piccadilly, there are additional services (at least one per hour) operated by Arriva Trains Wales, which originate from Chester and the North Wales Coast Line. Arriva Trains Wales (Welsh: ) is a train operating company that operates urban and inter urban passenger services in Wales and the Welsh Marches. ... Chester railway station is a railway station in the city of Chester, England. ... The North Wales Coast Line is the railway line from Crewe to Holyhead. ...

Services are described in more detail in the Liverpool to Manchester Line article. The Liverpool to Manchester Line is in fact two railway lines between the cities of Liverpool and Manchester in the north-west of England. ...

Stations

Liverpool Road Station

• Lime Street (work started on Edge Hill - Lime Street tunnel 23 May 1832; opened 15 August 1836)
• Crown Street (original Liverpool terminus, replaced by Lime Street;
• Edge Hill (at first Edge Hill linked Wapping Dock to the L&MR; Wapping Tunnel opened in 1829). It was also the site of its locomotive works.
• Wavertree Technology Park (opened in 1990s)
• Broad Green
• Roby
• Huyton
• Whiston
• Rainhill
• Lea Green (closed and re-opened with a completely new station in 2000)
• St Helens Junction (opened between 1833 and 1837; junction with the St Helens and Runcorn Gap Railway)
• Collins Green
• Earlestown (built in 1831 by the Warrington and Newton Railway company; originally named Newton Junction; renamed after 1837)
• Newton-le-Willows (originally named Newton Bridge; renamed after Newton Junction was renamed Earlestown)
• Parkside (in 1833 the line to Wigan was opened)
• Kenyon Junction (built between 1833 and 1837; junction with the Bolton and Leigh Railway; closed 2 January 1961)
• Glazebury & Bury Lane (closed 7 July 1958)
• Astley (closed 2 May 1956)
• Flow Moss Cottage (closed 1842)
• Lamb's Cottage (closed 1842)
• Barton Moss 1st (closed 1 May 1862)
• Barton Moss 2nd (closed 23 September 1929)
• Patricroft
• Eccles
• Weaste (closed 19 October 1942; destroyed when M602 road built)
• Seedley (closed 2 January 1956; destroyed when M602 road built)
• Cross Lane (closed 15 August 1949; destroyed when M602 road built)
• Ordsall Lane (work on extension of line to Manchester Victoria started 30 July 1842 and the extension opened on 4 May 1844; station closed 4 February 1957)
• Liverpool Road (original Manchester terminus, closed 4 May 1844)
• Exchange Station (closed 5 May 1969)
• Victoria (opened in 1844)

(stations still open in bold) Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (1000 × 750 pixel, file size: 243 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg)Liverpool Road station in Manchester. ... Image File history File linksMetadata Size of this preview: 800 × 600 pixelsFull resolution (1000 × 750 pixel, file size: 243 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg)Liverpool Road station in Manchester. ... The main entrance to Liverpool Lime Street Station Liverpool Lime Street railway station on Lime Street is the mainline railway station serving Liverpool, England. ... is the 143rd day of the year (144th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1832 (MDCCCXXXII) was a leap year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar (or a leap year starting on Friday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... is the 227th day of the year (228th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1836 (MDCCCXXXVI) was a leap year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian Calendar (or a leap year starting on Wednesday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... Crown Street Station was on Crown Street, Liverpool, England. ... Edge Hill railway station is a railway station in Edge Hill, a suburb of Liverpool, England. ... Edge Hill railway works was built by the Liverpool and Manchester Railway around 1830 at Edge Hill, Liverpool. ... Wavertree Technology Park railway station is in the suburbs of Liverpool in the north west of England. ... Broad Green railway station is situated in the Broad Green district of Liverpool, England, on the border with Knowsley. ... Roby railway station serves the village of Roby, Knowsley, England. ... Huyton railway station serves the village of Huyton, Knowsley. ... Whiston railway station serves the town of Whiston in Knowsley, Merseyside, England. ... Rainhill railway station serves the town of Rainhill, Merseyside, England. ... Lea Green railway station is a railway station in St Helens, Merseyside, England, around three miles from the town centre near to the suburb of Clock Face. ... 2000 (MM) was a leap year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... St Helens Junction railway station serves the town of St Helens, Merseyside United Kingdom. ... St Helens and Runcorn Gap Railway was an early railway company that acted as a feeder to the original Liverpool and Manchester Railway. ... Earlestown station buildings viewed from platform 1 Earlestown station ticket office Earlestown railway station is a railway station at Earlestown near Newton-le-Willows in Merseyside, England. ... Warrington and Newton Railway was an early railway company in England. ... Newton-le-Willows railway station is a railway station in the town of Newton-le-Willows, in the borough of St Helens in the north-west of England. ... Bolton and Leigh was an early railway company that acted as a feeder to the original Liverpool and Manchester Railway. ... is the 2nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1961 (MCMLXI) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 188th day of the year (189th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1958 (MCMLVIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... May 2 is the 122nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (123rd in leap years). ... Year 1956 (MCMLVI) was a leap year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... 1842 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... 1842 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... is the 121st day of the year (122nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1862 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... is the 266th day of the year (267th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1929 (MCMXXIX) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Patricroft railway station Serves the area Patricroft of Eccles. ... Eccles railway station serves the town of Eccles in the City of Salford district of Greater Manchester. ... is the 292nd day of the year (293rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1942 (MCMXLII) was a common year starting on Thursday (the link is to a full 1942 calendar). ... is the 2nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1956 (MCMLVI) was a leap year starting on Sunday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... is the 227th day of the year (228th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1949 (MCMXLIX) was a common year starting on Saturday (the link is to a full 1949 calendar). ... is the 211th day of the year (212th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1842 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... is the 124th day of the year (125th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Jan. ... is the 35th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1957 (MCMLVII) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link displays the 1957 Gregorian calendar). ... Liverpool Road railway station, Manchester Liverpool Road Station is a former railway station in Manchester, England. ... is the 124th day of the year (125th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Jan. ... is the 125th day of the year (126th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... For the Stargate SG-1 episode, see 1969 (Stargate SG-1). ... Manchester Victoria Manchester Victoria railway station is the second of Manchesters mainline railway stations, now being much less important than Manchester Piccadilly station. ...

See also

L&M Lion 0-4-2 Lion was steamed as part of the Rainhill Trials 150th anniversary calvacade in May 1980. ...

Bibliography

• Booth, Henry, An Account of the Liverpool and Manchester Railway, Reprint of the original 1830 edition by Frank Cass (1969)
• Carlson, Robert E., The Liverpool and Manchester railway project, 1821 - 1831. Newton Abbott: David and Charles, 1969.
• Ferneyhough, Frank., Liverpool & Manchester Railway 1830-1980. London (1980), Robert Hale Ltd.
• The Last Journey of William Huskisson: The Day the Railway Came of Age; Simon Garfield (UK 2002); ISBN 0-571-21048-1
• Ransom, P. J. G., (1990) The Victorian Railway and How It Evolved, London: Heinemann

External links

• http://www.lmu.livjm.ac.uk/lhol/
• http://newton-le-willows.com L&MR History