The Livonian Crusade refers to the German and Danish conquest and colonization of medieval Livonia, the territory constituting modern Latvia and Estonia, during the Northern Crusades. The lands on the eastern shores of the Baltic Sea were the last corners of Europe to be Christianized. After the success of the crusade, the German- and Danish-occupied territory was divided into the Livonian Confederation, which was organized by William of Modena, and Danish Estonia. Coat of arms Capital Walk Language(s) Low German Religion Roman Catholicism Political structure Confederation Legislature Landtag Historical era Middle Ages  - Conquest of Estonia 1208–27  - Established 1228  - Reval (Tallinn) gains Lübeck Rights 1248  - Reval joins Hanseatic League late 13th century  - Landtag formed 1419  - Livonian War 1558–82  - Wilno... Estonia was a dominion of Denmark during Middle Ages. ... The Livonian Brothers of the Sword (Latin Fratres militiae Christi, literally the brothers of the army of Christ), also known as the Christ Knights, Sword Brethren or The Militia of Christ of Livonia, was a military order started in 1202 by Albert von Buxhövden, bishop of Riga (or Prince... The Livonians were the indigenous Finnics who since ancient times populated the shores of the Gulf of Riga adjacent to the Indo-European Balts. ... The Curonians (also called Kursi, Latvian KurÅ¡i) are one of the extinct Baltic tribes that later formed the Latvian nation. ... The term Latgalians (also spelt Latgallians and sometimes known as Lettigalls, Latgolans, or Lettigallians) can refer to the inhabitants of the Latgale region in eastern Latvia in general, the ethnic Latvians of Latgale (especially those who speak the Latgalian dialect of Latvian), or to the ancient Baltic tribe. ... Albert of Riga or Albert of Livonia (German: ; ca. ... Anders Sunesen in the Battle of Lyndanisse 1219 Anders Sunesen (also Andreas, Suneson, Sunesøn, Latin: Andreas Sunonis) (c. ... Caupo of Turaida (year of birth unknown; died on September 21, 1217) Livonian leader in the beginning of the 13th century. ... Volquin (Wolquin, Folkvin, Volkewin) was the Master of the Order of Brothers of the Sword from 1209 to 1236. ... Wenno (Vinno, Winne), from Kassel-Naumburg, was the first Master of the Order of Brothers of the Sword, leading the Order from 1204 to 1209. ... William of Modena, Bishop of Modena in 1221, was frequently appointed a legate, or papal ambassador by the popes Honorius III and Gregory IX, especially in Livonia in the 1220s and in the Prussian questions of the 1240s. ... Lembitu (year of birth unknown; died on September 21, 1217) was one of the best-known Estonian leaders in the fight against the conquest of German Sword Brethren in the beginning of the 13th century. ... Vyachko (Russian: ; Latvian: Vetseke) was a Rusian prince who fought against the expansionism of the Germanic Livonian Knights at the turn of the 13th century. ... Baltic Tribes, ca 1200 CE This article is about the region in Europe. ... The Teutonic knights in Pskov in 1240. ... The Baltic Sea is located in Northern Europe, from 53°N to 66°N latitude and from 20°E to 26°E longitude. ... For other uses, see Europe (disambiguation). ... Topics in Christianity Movements · Denominations · Other religions Ecumenism · Preaching · Prayer Music · Liturgy · Calendar Symbols · Art · Criticism Important figures Apostle Paul · Church Fathers Constantine · Athanasius · Augustine Anselm · Aquinas · Palamas · Luther Calvin · Wesley Arius · Marcion of Sinope Archbishop of Canterbury · Catholic Pope Coptic Pope · Ecumenical Patriarch Christianity Portal This box:      Christianity is... This article is about the medieval crusades. ... Coat of arms Capital Walk Language(s) Low German Religion Roman Catholicism Political structure Confederation Legislature Landtag Historical era Middle Ages  - Conquest of Estonia 1208–27  - Established 1228  - Reval (Tallinn) gains Lübeck Rights 1248  - Reval joins Hanseatic League late 13th century  - Landtag formed 1419  - Livonian War 1558–82  - Wilno... William of Modena, Bishop of Modena in 1221, was frequently appointed a legate, or papal ambassador by the popes Honorius III and Gregory IX, especially in Livonia in the 1220s and in the Prussian questions of the 1240s. ... Estonia was a dominion of Denmark during Middle Ages. ...

History of war

Pope Celestine III called for a crusade against pagans in Northern Europe in 1193. At the beginning of the 13th century, German crusaders from the northern Holy Roman Empire established the stronghold of Riga (in modern Latvia) and formed the Livonian Brothers of the Sword, or Livonian Order. Bishop Albert of Riga founded the Order to aid the Bishopric of Riga in the conversion of the pagan Curonians, Livonians, Semigallians, and Latgalians in Livonia and Courland along the Gulf of Riga. From its foundation the undisciplined Order tended to ignore its supposed vassalage to the bishops. This article is about the medieval crusades. ... Combatants Christendom, Catholicism West European Christians, Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia Seljuks, Arabs and other Muslims The First Crusade was launched in 1095 by Pope Urban II with the dual goals of liberating the sacred city of Jerusalem and the Holy Land from Muslims and freeing the Eastern Christians from Muslim... // The Crusade of 1101 was a minor crusade of three separate movements, organized in 1100 and 1101 in the successful aftermath of the First Crusade. ... The fall of Edessa, seen here on the right of this map (c. ... The Northern Crusades, or Baltic Crusades, were undertaken by Western Europeans against the still heathen people of North Eastern Europe around the Baltic Sea. ... The Third Crusade (1189–1192), also known as the Kings Crusade, was an attempt by European leaders to reconquer the Holy Land from Saladin. ... The Crusade of 1197 (also known as the Crusade of Henry VI or the German Crusade of 1197) was an abortive crusade launched by the Holy Roman Emperor Henry VI in response to the failure of Frederick I Barbarossas crusade in 1190. ... The Entry of the Crusaders into Constantinople (Eugène Delacroix, 1840). ... The Albigensian Crusade or Cathar Crusade (1209 - 1229) was a 20-year military campaign initiated by the Roman Catholic Church to eliminate the heresy of the Cathars of Languedoc. ... The Childrens Crusade is the name given to a variety of fictional and factual events in 1212 that combine some or all of these elements: visions by a French and/or German boy, an intention to peacefully convert Muslims to Christianity, bands of children marching to Italy, and children... Frisian crusaders confront the Tower of Damietta, Egypt. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... The Seventh Crusade was a crusade led by Louis IX of France from 1248 to 1254. ... The Shepherds Crusade is two separate events from the 13th and 14th century. ... The Eighth Crusade was a crusade launched by Louis IX of France, (who was by now in his mid-fifties) in 1270. ... This article or section does not adequately cite its references or sources. ... The Aragonese Crusade or Crusade of Aragón was declared by Pope Martin IV against the king of Aragón, Peter III the Great, in 1284 and 1285. ... The Alexandrian Crusade of October 1365[1] was a seaborne[2] Crusade on Alexandria led by Peter I of Cyprus. ... // Combatants Ottoman Empire Kingdom of Hungary, France, Wallachia, Holy Roman Empire Commanders Bayezid I Sigismund of Hungary, John of Nevers #, Mircea the Elder Strength About 100,000 About 100,000 estimated to be more due capabilites of the coilition (120,000-200,000) Casualties About 35,000 About 35,000... The Teutonic knights in Pskov in 1240. ... Crusades First – Peoples – German – 1101 – Second – Third – Fourth – Albigensian – Childrens – Fifth – Sixth – Seventh – Shepherds – Eighth – Ninth – Aragonese – Alexandrian – Nicopolis – Northern – Hussite – Varna – Otranto Hussite Wars Nekmer - SudomÄ•Å™ – Vítkov – VyÅ¡ehrad – Nebovidy - NÄ›mecký Brod – HoÅ™ice – Ústí nad Labem – Tachov – Lipany – Grotniki The Hussite Wars, also called... The Crusade of Varna was a string of events in 1443-1444 between the Kingdom of Hungary, the Serbian Despotate, and the Ottoman Empire. ... Combatants Ottoman Empire Kingdom of Naples Kingdom of Aragon Kingdom of Hungary Commanders Gedik Ahmed Pasha Francesco Largo † Alphonso II of Naples Strength Between 18,000 and 100,000 men. ... Pope Celestine III (Rome, c. ... Pagan and heathen redirect here. ... Northern Europe Northern Europe is the northern part of the European continent. ... This article is about the medieval empire. ... For other uses, see Riga (disambiguation). ... Map of the Livonian Confederation, showing the territories of the Order in 1260 Capital Fellin (Viljandi) Language(s) Low German Religion Roman Catholicism Government Principality Master of the Livonian Order  - 1204–09 Wenno von Rohrbach  - 1209–36 Volquin  - 1237–38 Hermann Balk¹  - 1559–61 Gotthard Kettler¹ Historical era Middle Ages... Albert of Riga or Albert of Livonia (German: ; ca. ... Archbishopric of Riga (in yellow), shown within the Livonian Confederation Capital Riga Language(s) Latin Low German Livonian Curonian Latgalian Government Monarchy Archbishop of Riga  - 1245–73 Albert Suerbeer (first)  - 1539–63 Wilhelm von Brandenburg (last) Historical era Middle Ages  - Established 1255  - Disestablished 1561 Currency Livonian Penny Livonian Schilling The... In general, conversion is the transformation of one thing into another. ... Pagan and heathen redirect here. ... The Curonians (also called Kursi, Latvian KurÅ¡i) are one of the extinct Baltic tribes that later formed the Latvian nation. ... The Livonians were the indigenous Finnics who since ancient times populated the shores of the Gulf of Riga adjacent to the Indo-European Balts. ... The Semigallians in the context of the other Baltic tribes, circa 1200 CE. The Eastern Balts are shown in brown hues while the Western Balts are shown in green. ... The term Latgalians (also spelt Latgallians and sometimes known as Lettigalls, Latgolans, or Lettigallians) can refer to the inhabitants of the Latgale region in eastern Latvia in general, the ethnic Latvians of Latgale (especially those who speak the Latgalian dialect of Latvian), or to the ancient Baltic tribe. ... Baltic Tribes, ca 1200 CE This article is about the region in Europe. ... Coat of arms of Courland Courland (Latvian: ; German: ; Latin: Curonia / Couronia; Lithuanian: ; Estonian: ; Polish: ; Russian: ) is an historical Baltic province now part of Latvia. ... The Gulf of Riga The Gulf of Riga (or Bay of Riga, Latvian RÄ«gas jÅ«ras lÄ«cis, Estonian Liivi Laht) is a bay of the Baltic Sea between Latvia and Estonia. ... Look up vassal in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...

The indigenous Livonians (Livs), who had been paying tribute to the East Slavic Principality of Polotsk, at first considered the Low Germans as useful allies, but as the German grip tightened, the Livonians under their quasi rex Caupo of Turaida took up arms against the crusaders. The Livonians were defeated and their Rurikid leader Vyachko was taken prisoner in 1206. The East Slavic languages constitute one of three regional subgroups of Slavic languages, currently spoken in Eastern Europe. ... Duchy of Polatsk or Principality of Polatsk (Belarusian: ; Russian: ) was a medieval principality of the Early East Slavs, one of the constituent principalities within the Kievan Rus. ... For the prefix, see wikt:quasi-. Quasi is an indie rock band formed in Portland, Oregon in 1993, consisting of the ex-husband and wife team of Sam Coomes (vocals, guitar, roxichord, various keyboards) and Janet Weiss (drummer for the now-disbanded band Sleater-Kinney) on vocals and drums. ... Look up rex in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Caupo of Turaida (year of birth unknown; died on September 21, 1217) Livonian leader in the beginning of the 13th century. ... Rurik Dynasty ... Vyachko (Russian: ; Latvian: Vetseke) was a Rusian prince who fought against the expansionism of the Germanic Livonian Knights at the turn of the 13th century. ...

The Germans turned their attention to the Baltic tribes to the east in Latgalia. By 1208, the Germans were strong enough to begin operations against the Estonians, who were at that time divided into eight major and seven smaller elderships, which were led by elders with limited co-operation with each other. With the help of the newly converted local tribes of Livs and Latgalians in 1208, the crusaders initiated raids in Sackalia and Ugaunia in Southern Estonia. The Estonian tribes fiercely resisted the attacks from Riga and occasionally sacked territories controlled by the crusaders. In 1208-27, war parties of the different sides rampaged through Livonia, Latgalia, and different Estonian counties, with the Livs and Latgalians as varying allies of the crusaders and Estonians. Hill forts, which were the key centres of Estonian countries, were besieged and captured a number of times. http://www. ... Latgale or Latgalia (Polish: Łatgalia; German: Lettgallen) is one of the four cultural regions of Latvia recognised in the Constitution of the Latvian Republic. ... List of Estonian rulers is a list of ancient Estonian elderships and known tribal elders, states and rulers of states (starting from the time of the first successful Danish conquest in 1219) who either ruled or laid claims of sovereignty over some parts of the territory of present day Estonia... List of Estonian rulers is a list of ancient Estonian elderships and known tribal elders, states and rulers of states (starting from the time of the first successful Danish conquest in 1219) who either ruled or laid claims of sovereignty over some parts of the territory of present day Estonia... The term Latgalians (also spelt Latgallians and sometimes known as Lettigalls, Latgolans, or Lettigallians) can refer to the inhabitants of the Latgale region in eastern Latvia in general, the ethnic Latvians of Latgale (especially those who speak the Latgalian dialect of Latvian), or to the ancient Baltic tribe. ... National motto: None Sackalia corresponded roughly to the present territory of Viljandi, a half of Pärnu, and a half of Valga maakond. ... The Ugaunians (ugalased in Estonian) is one of the Finnic tribes that were called Chudes in Russian and that later formed the Estonian nation. ... Baltic Tribes, ca 1200 CE This article is about the region in Europe. ... A hill fort is a fortified refuge or defended settlement, located to exploit a rise in elevation for military advantage. ...

By 1209 Koknese (Kokenhusen) had been taken over by the Order, whereupon Albert of Riga ordered the construction of a Gothic stone castle where the Daugava and Pērse Rivers meet to replace the wooden fortification of the Latgalians; the sovereignty of Polotsk was finally revoked in 1215. A truce between the war-weary sides was established for three years (1213–1215). It proved generally more favourable to the Germans, who consolidated their political position, while the Estonians were unable to develop their system of loose alliances into a centralised state. They were led by Lembitu of Lehola, the elder of Sackalia, whose name had come to the attention of German chroniclers as a notable Estonian elder and the central figure of the Estonian resistance by 1211. The Livonian leader Caupo was killed in the Battle of St. Matthew's Day near Viljandi (Fellin) on September 21, 1217, but the battle was a crushing defeat for the Estonians, whose leader Lembitu was also killed. Koknese (-Latvian, German: Kokenh(a)usen, Polish: Kokenhuza) is a town in Aizkraukle County, Latvia on the right bank of the Daugava river. ... Interior of Cologne Cathedral Interior of San Zanipolo, Venice, photo Giovanni dallOrto. ... For other uses, see Castle (disambiguation). ... Daugava sunset in Riga. ... Lembitu (year of birth unknown; died on September 21, 1217) was one of the best-known Estonian leaders in the fight against the conquest of German Sword Brethren in the beginning of the 13th century. ... National motto: None Sackalia corresponded roughly to the present territory of Viljandi, a half of Pärnu, and a half of Valga maakond. ... County Viljandi County Area 14. ... is the 264th day of the year (265th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... April 9 - Peter of Courtenay crowned emperor of the Latin Empire of Constantinople at Rome, by Pope Honorius III May 20 - First Barons War, royalist victory at Lincoln. ...

Dannebrog falling from the sky during the Battle of Lyndanisse, 1219.

The Order established their headquarters at Fellin (Viljandi) in Sackalia, where the walls of the Master's castle are still standing. Other strongholds included Wenden (Cēsis), Segewold (Sigulda), and Ascheraden (Aizkraukle). The commanders of Fellin, Goldingen (Kuldīga), Marienburg (Alūksne), Reval (Tallinn), and the bailiff of Weißenstein (Paide), belonged to the five-member entourage of the Order's Master. Dannebrog falling from the sky during the Battle of Lyndanisse, June 15, 1219. ... Dannebrog falling from the sky during the Battle of Lyndanisse, June 15, 1219. ... The Dannebrog. ... The Battle of Lyndanisse took place in 1219. ... County Viljandi County Area 14. ... CÄ“sis (German: Wenden) is a town in Latvia located in the northern part of the Vidzeme Central upland. ... Sigulda, a town in the Vidzeme Region in Latvia, is situated in the most picturesque part of the primeval Gauja valley. ... Aizkraukle (German: ) is a town in central Latvia. ... KuldÄ«ga (German: Goldingen) is a town in western Latvia. ... AlÅ«ksne (-Latvian, German: Marienburg, Estonian: Aluliina) is a town on the shores of Lake AlÅ«ksne in northeastern Latvia near the borders with Estonia and Russia. ... County Area 159. ... Bailiff (from Late Latin bajulivus, adjectival form of bajulus) is a governor or custodian (cf. ... Ruins of Weissenstein Castle. ...

The Christian kingdoms of Denmark and Sweden were also eager for expansion on the eastern shores of the Baltic. In 1218 Albert asked King Valdemar II of Denmark for assistance, but Valdemar instead arranged a deal with the Order. The king was victorious in the Battle of Lyndanisse in Revelia in 1219, in which the origin of the Dannebrog is attributed. He subsequently founded the fortress Castrum Danorum, which was unsuccessfully besieged by the Estonians in 1220 and 1223. King John I of Sweden tried to establish a Swedish presence in the province of Wiek, but the Swedish troops were defeated by the Oeselians in the Battle of Lihula in 1220. Revelia, Harrien, and Vironia, the whole of northern Estonia, fell to Danish control. Valdemar II (1170–1241), called Valdemar the Conqueror or Valdemar the Victorious, was the King of Denmark from 1202 until 1241. ... The Battle of Lyndanisse took place in 1219. ... Dannebrog falling from the sky during the Battle of Lyndanisse in Revelia. ... The Dannebrog. ... Castrum Danorum (Estonian: [now] Toompea loss; [previously probably] Taani linn, literally The Danish castle) is a castle on the limestone hill of Toompea in the central part of Tallinn, the capital of Estonia, which for a time was also one of the names for the whole settlement of Tallinn during... Johan Sverkersson (c. ... Capital Haapsalu Governor Sulev Vare Area 2,383 km² (11th) Population (as of 2004)  - Density 28,101 (14th) 11. ... Combatants Estonian tribes Sweden Commanders  ? Jarl Charles the Deaf Strength  ? 500 men Casualties  ? Leader, bishop killed 500 men killed Battle of Lihula was fought between invading Swedes and Estonians for the control of the Lihula Castle in Lihula, Estonia in 1220. ... Vironia is the oldest Estonian national fraternity, founded in Riga on November 26, 1900. ...

Scandinavia in 1219. The realms of Denmark, Norway, Sweden and the Livonian Order. In yellow, the island of Saaremaa (Ösel) claimed by Denmark (conquered by the Livonian Order in 1227) and the territories conquered by Denmark in northern Germany.

In 1223, the Novgorod Republic sent Vyachko to defend the Ugaunian fortress of Tharbata (Yuryev, Dorpat) against the Order. Although his druzhina was small, Vyachko managed to install himself in the fortress with support from local Estonians and to launch several raids against the crusaders. Early in 1224 Emperor Frederick II announced at Catania that Livonia, Prussia with Sambia and a number of neighboring provinces were reichsfrei, that is, subordinate directly to the Roman Catholic Church and the Holy Roman Empire only, as opposed to being under the jurisdiction of local rulers. In response, Albert of Riga besieged Tharbata in 1224 with a large force and offered a peace settlement. Vyachko refused to surrender, however, choosing to die with all of his supporters when the Livonian Order stormed the fortress. At the end of 1224 Pope Honorius III announced to all Christendom the appointment of Bishop William of Modena as papal legate for Livonia, Prussia, and other countries. Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1500x1754, 51 KB) The realms of Denmark, Norway, Sweden and the Sword Brethren. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1500x1754, 51 KB) The realms of Denmark, Norway, Sweden and the Sword Brethren. ... For other uses, see Scandinavia (disambiguation). ... // Events Saint Francis of Assisi introduces Catholicism into Egypt, during the Fifth Crusade The Flag of Denmark fell from the sky during the Battle of Lyndanisse Ongoing events Fifth Crusade (1217-1221) Births Christopher I of Denmark (died 1259) Frederick II of Austria (died 1246) Guillaume de Gisors, supposedly the... Map of the Livonian Confederation, showing the territories of the Order in 1260 Capital Fellin (Viljandi) Language(s) Low German Religion Roman Catholicism Government Principality Master of the Livonian Order  - 1204–09 Wenno von Rohrbach  - 1209–36 Volquin  - 1237–38 Hermann Balk¹  - 1559–61 Gotthard Kettler¹ Historical era Middle Ages... Map of the Estonian archipelago (Saaremaa and Hiiumaa) Landsat satellite photo of Saaremaa Saaremaa is the largest island (2,673 km²) belonging to Estonia. ... Northern Germany is the the geographic area of the five German states Bremen, Hamburg, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Niedersachsen and Schleswig-Holstein in the German Lowlands known as the Northern German Plain with Low German as the historic language (see: Benrath line). ... Medieval walls of Novgorod City The Novgorod Feudal Republic (Новгородская феодальная республика or Novgorodskaya feodalnaya respublika in Russian) was a powerful medieval state which stretched from the Baltic Sea to the Ural Mountains between the 12th and 15th century. ... Vyachko (Russian: ; Latvian: Vetseke) was a Rusian prince who fought against the expansionism of the Germanic Livonian Knights at the turn of the 13th century. ... The Ugaunians (ugalased in Estonian) is one of the Finnic tribes that were called Chudes in Russian and that later formed the Estonian nation. ... County Area 38. ... For other uses, see Druzhina (disambiguation). ... Frederick II (December 26, 1194 – December 13, 1250), of the Hohenstaufen dynasty, was a pretender to the title of King of the Romans from 1212 and unopposed holder of that monarchy from 1215. ... The Roman Odeon. ... A cropped image of Prussia from Spread of German settlements to the Eastward, 800-1400. (Full map. ... Sambia (German: ; Polish: ; Russian: ) is a peninsula in the Kaliningrad Oblast of Russia, on the south-eastern shore of the Baltic Sea. ... The Reichsfreiheit or Reichsunmittelbarkeit (adjectives reichsfrei, reichsunmittelbar) was a special, privileged status a city or region could attain in the Holy Roman Empire. ... Catholic Church redirects here. ... This article is about the medieval empire. ... Pope Honorius III (1148 – March 18, 1227 in Rome), born Cencio Savelli, was Pope from 1216 to 1227. ... William of Modena, Bishop of Modena in 1221, was frequently appointed a legate, or papal ambassador by the popes Honorius III and Gregory IX, especially in Livonia in the 1220s and in the Prussian questions of the 1240s. ... A papal Legate, from the Decretals of Boniface VIII (1294 to 1303). ...

Monastic State of the Teutonic Knights, 1225-50.

The Chronicle of Henry of Livonia, one of the greatest medieval narratives, was written probably as a report for William of Modena, giving him the history of the Church in Livonia up to his time. It relates how in 1226, in the stronghold Tarwanpe, William of Modena successfully mediated a peace between the Germans, the Danes and the Vironians. The last Estonian eldership to hold out against the invaders was the island country of Saaremaa (Ösel), whose war fleets had raided Denmark and Sweden during the years of fighting against the German crusaders. A 20,000 strong army under William of Modena crossed the frozen sea while the Saaremaa fleet was icebound, in January 1227, and the Livonian Order conquered the last indigenous stronghold on the island. Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (823x670, 34 KB) Other versions (WP:EN) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): History of Lithuania Livonia Monastic State of the Teutonic Knights Teutonic-Estonian War ... Image File history File links Download high-resolution version (823x670, 34 KB) Other versions (WP:EN) File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): History of Lithuania Livonia Monastic State of the Teutonic Knights Teutonic-Estonian War ... Coat of arms Capital Königsberg (Kaliningrad) Religion Roman Catholicism Government Principality Hochmeister (Grand Master)  - 1209–39 Hermann von Salza  - 1510–25 Albert of Brandenburg-Ansbach Historical era Middle Ages  - Northern Crusades 1224  - Absorbed Livonia 1237  - Purchased Neumark 1404  - Hanseatic cities¹ leave, found Prussian Confed. ... The Chronicle of Henry of Livonia (Latvian: IndriÄ·a hronika, Latin: Heinrici Cronicon Lyvoniae, Estonian: Henriku Liivimaa kroonika) is a historic document describing the history of Latvia and Estonia from 1180 to 1227. ... Rakvere (Wesenbergh in German) is a town in North Estonia, county seat of Lääne-Viru County, 20 km south of the Gulf of Finland. ... The Vironians (Estonian: Virulased) were one of the Finnic tribes that later formed the Estonian nation. ... Map of the Estonian archipelago (Saaremaa and Hiiumaa) Landsat satellite photo of Saaremaa Saaremaa is the largest island (2,673 km²) belonging to Estonia. ...

After the conquest, all remaining local pagans of Estonia were ostensibly Christianized. William of Modena divided the conquered territory into the Livonian Confederation to appease the bickering Livonian Order and bishops. Denmark controlled the northern part of the country, henceforth known as Danish Estonia. Following the defeat of the Estonians, the crusade moved against the Curonians and Semigallians, Baltic tribes living to the south and west of the Daugava river. Topics in Christianity Movements · Denominations · Other religions Ecumenism · Preaching · Prayer Music · Liturgy · Calendar Symbols · Art · Criticism Important figures Apostle Paul · Church Fathers Constantine · Athanasius · Augustine Anselm · Aquinas · Palamas · Luther Calvin · Wesley Arius · Marcion of Sinope Archbishop of Canterbury · Catholic Pope Coptic Pope · Ecumenical Patriarch Christianity Portal This box:      Christianity is... Coat of arms Capital Walk Language(s) Low German Religion Roman Catholicism Political structure Confederation Legislature Landtag Historical era Middle Ages  - Conquest of Estonia 1208–27  - Established 1228  - Reval (Tallinn) gains Lübeck Rights 1248  - Reval joins Hanseatic League late 13th century  - Landtag formed 1419  - Livonian War 1558–82  - Wilno... Estonia was a dominion of Denmark during Middle Ages. ... The Curonians (also called Kursi, Latvian KurÅ¡i) are one of the extinct Baltic tribes that later formed the Latvian nation. ... The Semigallians in the context of the other Baltic tribes, circa 1200 CE. The Eastern Balts are shown in brown hues while the Western Balts are shown in green. ... Daugava sunset in Riga. ...

Battles

Livonia, ca. 1260.

• Battle of Saaremaa, 1206
• Battle of Otepää, 1208
• Battle of Otepää, 1210
• Battle of the Ümera River, 1210
• Battle of Turaida, 1211
• Battle of Viljandi, 1211
• Battle of Lehola, 1215
• Battle of Riga, 1215
• Battle of Soontagan, 1215
• Battle of Otepää, 1217
• Battle of Soontagan, 1217
• Battle of St. Matthew's Day, 1217
• Battle of Lyndanisse, 1219
• Battle of Lihula, 1220
• Siege of Tallinn, 1221
• Battle of Soela, 1223
• Battle of the Ümera River Bridge, 1223
• Battle of Viljandi, 1223
• Siege of Tallinn, 1223
• Battle of Tharbata, 1224
• Battle of Muhu, 1227

Image File history File links Confederation_of_Livonia_1260. ... Image File history File links Confederation_of_Livonia_1260. ... Baltic Tribes, ca 1200 CE This article is about the region in Europe. ... Temüjin is proclaimed Genghis Khan of the Mongol people, founding the Mongol Empire Qutb ud-Din proclaims the Mameluk dynasty in India, the first dynasty of the Delhi Sultanate. ... Events End of the reign of Emperor Tsuchimikado, emperor of Japan Emperor Juntoku ascends to the throne of Japan Otto IV, Holy Roman Emperor excommunicated by Pope Innocent III for invading southern Italy in 1210 Gottfried von Strassburg writes his epic poem Tristan about 1210 Beginning of Delhi Sultanate Births... // Events The oldest extant double entry bookkeeping record dates from 1211 Canons regular of the Order of the Holy Cross founded September 14 1211 Troops led by Estonian resistance fighter Lembitu of Lehola destroy a garrison of missionaries in the historical Estonian region of Sakala and raid the Russian town... A certified copy of the Magna Carta March 4 - King John of England makes an oath to the Pope as a crusader to gain the support of Innocent III. June 15 - King John of England was forced to put his seal on the Magna Carta, outlining the rights of landowning... April 9 - Peter of Courtenay crowned emperor of the Latin Empire of Constantinople at Rome, by Pope Honorius III May 20 - First Barons War, royalist victory at Lincoln. ... The Battle of Lyndanisse took place in 1219. ... // Events Saint Francis of Assisi introduces Catholicism into Egypt, during the Fifth Crusade The Flag of Denmark fell from the sky during the Battle of Lyndanisse Ongoing events Fifth Crusade (1217-1221) Births Christopher I of Denmark (died 1259) Frederick II of Austria (died 1246) Guillaume de Gisors, supposedly the... Combatants Estonian tribes Sweden Commanders  ? Jarl Charles the Deaf Strength  ? 500 men Casualties  ? Leader, bishop killed 500 men killed Battle of Lihula was fought between invading Swedes and Estonians for the control of the Lihula Castle in Lihula, Estonia in 1220. ... // The world in 1220 Middle Ages in Europe Fifth Crusade (1217-1221) Events Mongols first invade Abbasid caliphate - Bukhara and Samarkand taken End of the Kara-Khitan Khanate, destroyed by Genghis Khans Mongolian cavalry Dominican Order approved by Pope Honorius III Frederick II crowned Holy Roman Emperor by Pope... // Events August 6 - Louis VIII is crowned King of France. ... // Events August 6 - Louis VIII is crowned King of France. ... // Foundation of the University of Naples Livonian Brothers of the Sword conquers Latgallians and the stronghold of Tartu from Ugaunian and Russian troops. ...

See also

• Chronicle of Henry of Livonia
• Wendish Crusade
• Ikšķile

The Chronicle of Henry of Livonia (Latvian: Indriķa hronika, Latin: Heinrici Cronicon Lyvoniae, Estonian: Henriku Liivimaa kroonika) is a historic document describing the history of Latvia and Estonia from 1180 to 1227. ... The Northern Crusades, or Baltic Crusades, were undertaken by Western Europeans against the still heathen people of North Eastern Europe around the Baltic Sea. ... Ikšķile was center of ancient Livonia, and is also known by the German name of Üxküll. ...

External links

• Saaremaa 1100 - 1227