NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Livorno

Livorno (archaic English: Leghorn) is a port city on the Tyrrhenian Sea on the western edge of Tuscany, Italy. It is the capital of the Province of Livorno and the third-largest port on the western coast of Italy, having a population of 170,000 as of 2004. Image File history File links Livorno-Stemma. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Italy. ... The Regions of Italy were granted a degree of regional autonomy in the 1948 constitution, which states that the constitutions role is: to recognize, protect and promote local autonomy, to ensure that services at the State level are as decentralized as possible, and to adapt the principles and laws... Tuscany (Italian: ) is one of the 20 Regions of Italy. ... In Italy, a province (in Italian: provincia) is an administrative division of intermediate level between municipality (comune) and region (regione). ... The Province of Livorno (Italian: Provincia di Livorno) is a province in the Tuscany region of Italy. ... is the 364th day of the year (365th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... shelby was here 2004 (MMIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Time zones of Europe: Light colours indicate countries not observing summer time Central European Time (CET) is one of the names of the time zone that is 1 hour ahead of Coordinated Universal Time. ... Central European Time West Africa Time British Summer Time* Irish Summer Time* Western European Summer Time* Category: ... Map of Earth showing lines of latitude (horizontally) and longitude (vertically), Eckert VI projection; large version (pdf, 1. ... A demonym or gentilic is a word that denotes the members of a people or the inhabitants of a place. ... Here are a list of area codes in Italy. ... A frazione, in Italy, is the name given in administrative law to a type of territorial subdivision of a comune; for other subdivisions, see municipio, circoscrizione, quartiere. ... Saint Julia of Corsica ( Santa Giulia da Corsica) (perhaps 5th century; date of death sometimes given as ca. ... is the 142nd day of the year (143rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... The English language is a West Germanic language that originates in England. ... Seaport, a painting by Claude Lorrain, 1638 The Port of Wellington at night. ... Tyrrhenian Sea. ... Tuscany (Italian: ) is one of the 20 Regions of Italy. ... This article is about a city that serves as a center of government and politics. ... The Province of Livorno (Italian: Provincia di Livorno) is a province in the Tuscany region of Italy. ...

History

Livorno was defined as an "ideal town" during the Renaissance. Nowadays it reveals its history through its neighbourhoods, crossed by canals and surrounded by fortified town-walls, through the tangle of its streets, which embroider the town's Venice district, and through the Medici Port characteristically overlooked by towers and fortresses leading to the town centre. The Renaissance (French for rebirth, or Rinascimento in Italian), was a cultural movement in Italy (and in Europe in general) that began in the late Middle Ages, and spanned roughly the 14th through the 17th century. ... Venice (Italian: Venezia, Venetian: Venezsia, Latin: Venetia) is a city in northern Italy, the capital of region Veneto, and has a population of 271,251 (census estimate January 1, 2004). ... For the board game, see Medici (board game). ...

Designed by the architect Bernardo Buontalenti at the end of the 16th century, Livorno underwent a period of great town planning expansion at the end of the 17th century. Near the defensive pile of the Old Fortress, a new fortress, together with the town-walls and the system of navigable canals, was then built. Bernardo Buontalenti was an architect in the Italian Renaissance who designed the crypt of the Basilica di San Lorenzo for the Medici family. ...

In late 1580s Ferdinando I de Medici declared Livorno a "porto Franco": it means the goods which were traded here were duty free.

The "Leggi Livornine" were laws that ruled between 1590 and 1603. These laws helped the trading activity of the merchant, freedom of religion and amnesty for some penance. Thanks to these laws, many foreigners people moved to Livorno, which became a cosmopolitan city. Hebrews, Armenians, Greeks, Netherlanders, and some English people were among them. Livorno became one of the most important ports of the Mediterranean area.

Nowadays the Venice district preserves most of its original town planning and architectural features such as the bridges, the narrow lanes, the noblemen's houses and a dense network of canals which once linked the port to its storehouses. In the 18th and 19th centuries Livorno, by then grown up and open to the world, had a lively appearance marked by neo-classical buildings, town parks housing important museums and cultural institutions, Liberty villas with sea views, the market.

Some Moriscos (Muslim Spaniards forcibly converted to Catholicism) moved from Spain to Livorno in the 18th century. Morisco (Spanish Moor-like) or mourisco (Portuguese) is a term referring to a kind of New Christian in Spain and Portugal. ...

During the Napoleonic War trade with the England was proibhited and the economy of Livorno suffered greatly because of this. In 1868, after Livorno became part of the Reign of Italy, it loses the status of “Porto Franco” and its importance decreased.

Main sights

The Museo Mascagnano houses memorabilia, documents and operas by the great composer Pietro Mascagni. Every year some of his operas are traditionally played during the lyric music season, which is organised by the Traditional Theatre of Livorno. Also the “Terrazza Mascagni”, a walkway divided from the sea by a handrail, is named in honor to Pietro Mascagni. Pietro Mascagni (Livorno December 7, 1863 â€“ Rome August 2, 1945) is one of the most important Italian opera composers of the turn of the 20th century. ...

Up in the hills the Sanctuary of Montenero, which is dedicated to Our Lady of the Graces, the patron saint of Tuscany, is a fixed destination for pilgrims. It is famous for the adjacent gallery, decorated with ex-voti mainly connected to stories of miraculous sea rescue.

The "Monumento dei quattro mori" ("Monument of the Four Turks"), dedicated to Grand Duke Ferdinando II de' Medici of Tuscany, is one of the most important monuments of Livorno. Ferdinando II de Medici, Grand Duke of Tuscany (14 July 1610 – 23 May 1670) ruled as Grand Duke of Tuscany from 1621 to 1670. ...

In Livorno there is an important square called "Piazza della Repubblica" that contains two important monuments of italian politicians. Thus, this square is also a bridge: in fact, under the bridge there is an old, big canal. Piazza della Repubblica is the largest bridge of Europe.

Another important monument is the old fortress; an old building made with red bricks that at the time of Medici defended the city from pirates attacks. It has 3 bastion, named “Capitana”, “Ampolletta” and “Canaviglia”. The old fortress was made before the Renaissance. The new Fortress, distinct frome the old one, was made at the end of the 16th century.

There are some graveyards where foreign people who moved to Livorno used to be buried.

Culture

Politically, Livorno is one of the most left-leaning cities of Italy. The Communist Party of Italy was founded in Livorno on 21 January 1921. Image File history File links Size of this preview: 482 Ã— 599 pixelsFull resolution (1805 Ã— 2243 pixel, file size: 310 KB, MIME type: image/png) File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Image File history File links Size of this preview: 482 Ã— 599 pixelsFull resolution (1805 Ã— 2243 pixel, file size: 310 KB, MIME type: image/png) File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old version. ... Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 Ã— 525 pixelsFull resolution (995 Ã— 653 pixel, file size: 95 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Livorno (LI), Italy Map (17th century) File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old... Image File history File links Metadata Size of this preview: 800 Ã— 525 pixelsFull resolution (995 Ã— 653 pixel, file size: 95 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg) Livorno (LI), Italy Map (17th century) File history Legend: (cur) = this is the current file, (del) = delete this old version, (rev) = revert to this old... â€œLeftismâ€ redirects here. ... The Fourth Estate The Partito Comunista Italiano (PCI) or Italian Communist Party emerged as Partito Comunista dItalia or Communist Party of Italy from a secession by the Leninist comunisti puri tendency from the Italian Socialist Party (PSI) during that bodys congress on 21 January 1921 at Livorno. ... January 21 is the 21st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1921 (MCMXXI) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar). ...

There is a breed of chicken called leghorn, named after the city. This in turn gave its name to the cartoon character Foghorn Leghorn. Leghorn Chicken The leghorn is a breed of chicken, named after the Italian city of Leghorn. ... Foghorn Leghorn is the name of a character appearing in numerous Warner Brothers animated cartoons, especially Looney Tunes. ...

Economy

Tuaca liqueur is produced in Livorno. The city also has a substantial petrochemical industry. A bottle of Tuaca Tuaca is a brand of Italian liqueur. ... Petrochemicals are chemical products made from raw materials of petroleum (hydrocarbon) origin. ...

Sport

Livorno has a football team in Serie A, A.S. Livorno Calcio. The football club reflects the left-leaning tendencies of the city with Livorno Calcio's left-wing ultras. A player (wearing the red kit) has penetrated the defence (in the white kit) and is taking a shot at goal. ... This article is about the Italian football (soccer) league. ... Associazione Sportiva Livorno Calcio is a football club based in Livorno, Tuscany. ... This article needs additional references or sources for verification. ...

Dialect

Livorno inhabitants speak a colourful variant of the Tuscan dialect of Italy named vernacolo, which is especially characterized by the popular interjection dé, which has a very wide range of meanings, usually recognizable only by the tone of the pronunciation, and a tourist is soon discovered if they try to use dè, because it is not the correct pronunciation. The Tuscan dialect is a dialect spoken in Tuscany, Italy. ...

There is a satirical comic/magazine written mainly in the Livornese dialect called Il Vernacoliere. Il Vernacoliere is an old Italian satirical monthly magazine rooted in Livorno, Tuscany. ...

Twin cities

Image File history File links Flag_of_Israel. ... Hebrew ×‘×ª ×™× Name Meaning Daughter of the sea Founded in 1926 Government City (from 1958) District Tel Aviv Population 130,400 (2004) Jurisdiction 8,000 dunams (8 kmÂ²) Mayor Shlomo Lahiani Beach of Bat-Yam Bat Yam (Hebrew: ) is a city in Israel, on the central coastal strip, just south of... Image File history File links Flag_of_Spain. ... Location Coordinates: Country Spain Autonomous Community Castile-La Mancha Province Guadalajara Tows 5 (Guadalajara, IriÃ©pal, Taracena, Usanos & Valdenoches) Founded 8th century, probably, by moors Government - Mayor JesÃºs Alique (PSOE) Area - Land 236 kmÂ² (91. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Vietnam. ... Haiphong (Vietnamese: Háº£i PhÃ²ng, Chinese æµ·é˜², HÇŽifÃ¡ng) is the third most populous city in Vietnam. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Russia. ... Novorossiysk (Russian ÐÐ¾Ð²Ð¾Ñ€Ð¾ÑÑÐ¸Ð¹ÑÐº) is a city in southern Russia, one of the main Russian ports on the Black Sea, in Krasnodar Krai. ...

Notable people

Francis Levett, English merchant Mario Ancona (1860-1931) was a Italian baritone, born in Livorno, Italy, and died in Florence. ... Rabbi Chaim Joseph David Ben Isaac Zerachia Azulai (1724, 21 March 1807), commonly known as the Chida (by the acronym of his name), was a rabbinical scholar and a noted bibliophile, who pioneered the history of Jewish religious writings. ... Leonetto Cappiello (b. ... Carlo Azeglio Ciampi (born 9 December 1920 in Livorno) is an Italian politician and banker who has been both Prime Minister of Italy and President of the Italian Republic. ... Galeazzo Ciano. ... Giovanni Fattori, Self-Portrait painted in 1854 Giovanni Fattori was a Florentine artist born in Livorno Sept. ... Francesco Domenico Guerrazzi (1804 - September 25, 1873), was an Italian writer and politician. ... Cristiano Lucarelli (born October 4, 1975 in Livorno) is an Italian football player. ... Pietro Mascagni (Livorno December 7, 1863 â€“ Rome August 2, 1945) is one of the most important Italian opera composers of the turn of the 20th century. ... Amedeo Clemente Modigliani (July 12, 1884 â€“ January 24, 1920) was an Italian artist, practicing both painting and sculpture, who pursued his career for the most part in France. ... Sir Moses Montefiore (October 24, 1784-July 28, 1885) was one of the most famous British Jews in the 19th century. ... Armando Picchi as captain of Inter. ... Dario Resta (1884-1923) was an Italian race car driver born in Milan Italy. ... The Indianapolis 500 is an American race for open-wheel automobiles held annually over the Memorial Day weekend at the Indianapolis Motor Speedway in Speedway, Indiana. ... Samuel Uziel was a Talmudist and scholar of the 17th century, rabbi of Leghorn. ...

Images

External links

Category: Cities and towns in Tuscany Image File history File links Commons-logo. ... The Wikimedia Commons (also called Wikicommons) is a repository of free content images, sound and other multimedia files. ... Image File history File links Provincia_di_Livorno-Stemma. ... Tuscany (Italian: ) is one of the 20 Regions of Italy. ... In Italy, the comune, (plural comuni) is the basic administrative unit of both provinces and regions, and may be properly approximated in casual speech by the English word township or municipality. ... The Province of Livorno (Italian: Provincia di Livorno) is a province in the Tuscany region of Italy. ... Bibbona is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Livorno in the Italian region Tuscany, located about 80 km southwest of Florence and about 40 km southeast of Livorno. ... Campiglia Marittima is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Livorno in the Italian region Tuscany, located about 90 km southwest of Florence and about 60 km southeast of Livorno. ... Country Italy Region Tuscany Province Province of Livorno (LI) Mayor Elevation 2 m Area 55. ... Country Italy Region Tuscany Province Province of Livorno (LI) Mayor Paolo Ballerini (since June 2004) Elevation 167 m Area 39. ... Capraia, called Capraria in ancient times, is an island of Italy, part of the Tuscan Archipelago, off the northwest coast, belonging to the Province of Livorno. ... Castagneto Carducci is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Livorno in the Italian region Tuscany, located about 90 km southwest of Florence and about 50 km southeast of Livorno. ... Cecina is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Livorno in the Italian region Tuscany, located about 80 km southwest of Florence and about 30 km southeast of Livorno. ... Collesalvetti is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Livorno in the Italian region Tuscany, located about 70 km southwest of Florence and about 15 km northeast of Livorno. ... Ulpia Marciana was the sister of Roman Emperor Trajan. ... Marciana Marina, 2005 Marciana Marina is a town and commune in the province of Livorno (administrative region of Tuscany, Italy), one of the most important towns of Elba Island. ... Piombino is a town and commune in the province of Livorno (Tuscany), Italy, on the medium coast of Tyrrhenian sea, in front of Elba Island and at the northern side of Maremma. ... Country Italy Region Tuscany Province Province of Livorno (LI) Mayor Maurizio Papi (since May 2002) Elevation 2 m Area 13. ... A view from the local mountains of Portoferraio. ... Country Italy Region Tuscany Province Province of Livorno (LI) Mayor Elevation 10 m Area 19. ... Country Italy Region Tuscany Province Province of Livorno (LI) Mayor Catalina Schezzini (since June 2004) Elevation 165 m Area 16. ... Rosignano Marittimo is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Livorno in the Italian region Tuscany, located about 80 km southwest of Florence and about 20 km southeast of Livorno. ... San Vincenzo is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Livorno in the Italian region Tuscany, located about 100 km southwest of Florence and about 50 km southeast of Livorno. ... Sassetta is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Livorno in the Italian region Tuscany, located about 90 km southwest of Florence and about 50 km southeast of Livorno. ... Suvereto is a comune (municipality) in the Province of Livorno in the Italian region Tuscany, located about 90 km southwest of Florence and about 60 km southeast of Livorno. ...

Contents

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