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Llullaillaco is a stratovolcano at the border of Argentina (province of Salta) and Chile. It lies in the Puna de Atacama, a region of very high volcanic peaks on a high plateau within the Atacama Desert, one of the driest places in the world. Llullaillaco is the second highest active volcano in the world, surpassed only by Ojos del Salado. It is the fifth highest volcano in the world, and it is also the seventh highest mountain of the Western Hemisphere.[1] Image File history File links Download high resolution version (952x540, 76 KB) Llullaillaco (Chile, Argentina) by User:HeikoStamer 2002. ...
A topographical summit is a point on a surface which is higher in elevation than all points immediately adjacent to it. ...
A mountain range is a group of mountains bordered by lowlands or separated from other mountain ranges by passes or rivers. ...
The Andes form the longest mountain chain in the world. ...
Map of Earth showing lines of latitude (horizontally) and longitude (vertically), Eckert VI projection; large version (pdf, 1. ...
Mountains can be characterized in several ways. ...
Stratovolcano Mount St. ...
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The Pleistocene epoch (IPA: ) is part of the geologic timescale. ...
Volcano 1. ...
In climbing, a first ascent (FA) is the first climb to reach the top of a mountain, or the first to follow a particular climbing route. ...
Stratovolcano Mount St. ...
The inside of Saltas main cathedral Salta (or San Felipe de Salta) is the capital city of the Argentine province of Salta, located at the centre of that province. ...
The Atacama desert of Chile is a virtually rainless plateau made up of salt basins (salares), sand, and lava flows, extending from the Andes mountains to the Pacific Ocean. ...
Active volcanoes are volcanoes constantly erupting, including Pompeii and Krakatoa. ...
Ojos del Salado is an extinct volcano in the Andes on the border of Argentina-Chile and also the highest volcano on Earth. ...
The geographical western hemisphere of Earth, highlighted in yellow. ...
Llullaillaco follows the typical Puna de Atacama volcano pattern: it is surrounded by large debris fields, and is perpetually capped by snow and small glaciers despite the extreme dry conditions of the region.
The peak's name comes from Aymara "hot water": lloclla= hot and yacu= water. Other sources propose it to have originated from Quechua Lullac= lie, Yacu= water: "lying water". The Aymara are a native ethnic group in the Andes region of South America; about 2. ...
Quechua (Runa Simi; Kichwa in Ecuador) written as Qhichwa Simi[[1]] in its own orthography, is a Native American language of South America. ...
It has been confirmed that Incas climbed Llullaillaco in the pre-Colombian period. Artifacts on the summit constitute the highest evidence of human presence worldwide before the late nineteenth century. Also, the huáqueros may have also reached its summit and those of other mountains in the region during their searches. For other meanings of Inca, see Inca (disambiguation). ...
The term Pre-Columbian is used to refer to the cultures of the New World in the era before significant European influence. ...
Ascension routes
There are several ascension routes which do not require specialized climbing techniques, although the altitude imposes great difficulty and is by itself a very dangerous factor. Crampons and ice axe are needed as most paths cross large hard snow and ice fields.
However, the area is known to be covered by antipersonnel mines installed during the Argentina-Chile conflict period of 1978-1982, thus rendering it extremely dangerous. Experienced local guidance and absolute caution is mandatory.
History Image:Ladoncella-momia-Llullaillaco.jpg One of the Inca mummies found at the mountain. In 1999 near Llullaillaco's summit, an Argentinian-Peruvian antropology expedition found the perfectly preserved bodies of three Incan children, sacrificed approximatly 500 years ago. This is the highest burial so far discovered on Tawantinsuyu and possibly also the world's highest. For other meanings of Inca, see Inca (disambiguation). ...
1999 (MCMXCIX) was a common year starting on Friday, and was designated the International Year of Old Farts by the Sometimes-United Nations. ...
For other meanings of Inca, see Inca (disambiguation). ...
Geology Two major evolutionary stages can be highlighted in the history of the volcano: Llullaillaco I, the ancestral primary volcano, dates back to the Pleistocene. Two very eroded cones with associated lava flows, up to 20 km in length distributed mainly to the West, are the main evidence of its existence. The Pleistocene epoch (IPA: ) is part of the geologic timescale. ...
Built upon it there is a well preserved secondary post-glacial edifice called Llullaillaco II which has been active in historic times, whose construction yielded the grown up of several nearby lava domes. Many Holocene lava flows are associated with this latter phase; the two most notable are directed North and South of the volcano. These youthful-looking dacitic flows have been dated to be of late Pleistocene age. Moreover hot avalanche deposits, extending up to 3 km, are associated with one of the southern lava flows. There are still other very conspicuous flows remaining: one of the most striking, apparently caused by partial collapse of Lullaillaco I about 150,000 years ago, extends eastward into Argentina, diverging around Cerro Rosado stratovolcano 17 km to the East and terminating in the Salar del Llullaillaco. This deposit has not yet been thoroughly studied. The Holocene epoch is a geological period that extends from the present back about 10,000 radiocarbon years. ...
Gray, red, black, altered white/tan, flow-banded pumice dacite Dacite is a high-silica igneous, volcanic rock. ...
There are reports of eruptions in 1854, 1868 and 1877, possibly causing the youngest lava flows in the area, which are easily recognizable because of their very dark appearance.
Sources - ^ Andes 6000m peak list
- Siebert, L. and T. Simkin (2002-). Volcanoes of the World: an Illustrated Catalog of Holocene Volcanoes and their Eruptions. Smithsonian Institution, Global Volcanism Program Digital Information Series, GVP-3. URL: http://www.volcano.si.edu/world/
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