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The Lockheed Ventura was a bomber and patrol aircraft of World War II, used by American and British forces in several guises. It was developed from the Lockheed Lodestar transport (Lockheed Model 18) as a replacement for the Lockheed Hudson bombers then in service with the Royal Air Force. The RAF ordered 675 Venturas in 1940 February. They were delivered from the summer of 1942 and served with the RAF as Ventura Mark I. Later redesignated GR.Mk I. Lockheed PV-1 Ventura patrol bomber. ...
Lockheed PV-1 Ventura patrol bomber. ...
World War II was a truly global conflict with many facets: immense human suffering, fierce indoctrination, and the use of new, extremely devastating weapons such as the atomic bomb. ...
The Lockheed 18 Lodestar was a passenger transport aircraft of the Second World War era. ...
Lockheed Hudson Mk V The Lockheed Hudson was a light bomber and coastal reconnaissance aircraft built initially for the Royal Air Force shortly before the outbreak of World War II. The Hudson was the first significant aircraft construction contract for the Lockheed Aircraft Corporation—the initial RAF order for 200...
The Royal Air Force (often abbreviated to RAF) is the air force branch of the British Armed Forces. ...
This is a list of aviation-related events from 1940: Events March March 16 - Britain suffers its first civilian air-raid casualties of the war after a raid by KG 26 on Scapa Flow March 25 - the US government grants permission to the countrys aircraft manufacturers to sell advanced...
February is the second month of the year in the Gregorian Calendar. ...
Lockheed Ventura/B-34 Lexington The Ventura was very similar to its predecessor, the Hudson. The primary difference was not in layout; rather, the Ventura was larger and heavier than the Hudson. Venturas were initially used for daylight raids on occupied Europe. They proved unsuited to this task, because (like many other bombers used by the RAF), they were too vulnerable with no long-range fighter escorts. They were gradually transferred to patrol duties with Coastal Command. Coastal Command was an organization within the Royal Air Force tasked with protecting the United Kingdom from naval threats. ...
The RAF placed a further order for 487 Ventura Mark IIs, but many of these were diverted to United States Army Air Force service. The U.S. Army Air Force placed its own order for 200 Ventura Mark IIA, which were put into service as the B-34 Lexington. Later redesignated RB-34. The United States Army Air Forces, or USAAF, was a part of the U.S. military during World War II. The direct precursor to the U.S. Air Force, the USAAF formally existed between 1941 and 1947. ...
Lockheed B-37 In 1941 August, large orders for Venturas were placed with Lend-Lease Act money. Among the orders were for 550 armed reconnaissance versions of the Ventura. This plane was originally planned to be built under the designation O-56. The main differences between the Ventura and the O-56 were in the engines: rather than the 2,000 hp (1,490 kW) Pratt and Whitney R-2800 radials of the Ventura, the O-56 used 1,700 hp (1,270 kW) Wright R-2600-13 radials. This is a list of aviation-related events from 1941: Events Jacqueline Cochran became the first woman to fly a bomber across the Atlantic Ocean. ...
The Lend-Lease program was a program of the United States during World War II that allowed the United States to provide the Allied Powers with war material without becoming directly involved in the war. ...
The Wright R-2600 Cyclone 14 (also called Twin Cyclone) was an engine widely used in American aircraft in the 1930s and 1940s. ...
Before completion of the first O-56, the U.S. Army Air Force dropped the O- category used to designate 'observation' (reconnaissance) planes. The O-56 was redesignated the RB-34B (RB- for 'reconnaissance bomber'). Before the first of these flew, the design was redesignated again as the B-37, because it used different engines.
While 550 were ordered by the Army Air Force, production stopped after only 18, when the Army Air Force agreed to turn over exclusive use of the Ventura to the United States Navy (see Naval Service below). The United States Navy (USN) is the branch of the United States armed forces responsible for naval operations. ...
PV-1 Ventura The PV-1 Ventura, built by the Vega Aircraft Company division of Lockheed (hence the 'V' Navy manufacturer's letter that later replaced the 'O' for Lockheed), was a version of the Ventura built for the U.S. Navy (see Naval Service below). The main differences between the PV-1 and the B-34 were the inclusion of special equipment in the PV-1, adapting it to its patrol-bombing role. The maximum fuel capacity of the PV-1 was increased from 1345 gal to 1607 gal, to increase its range; the forward defensive armament was also reduced for this reason. The most important addition was of an ASD-1 search radar.
Early production PV-1s still carried a bombardier's station behind the nose radome, with four side windows and a flat bomb-aiming panel underneath the nose. Late production PV-1s dispensed with this bombardier position and replaced it with a pack with three 0.50 inch (12.7 mm) machine guns underneath the nose. These aircraft could also carry eight 0.50 inch (12.7 mm) rockets on launchers underneath the wings.
The PV-1 began to be delivered in 1942 December, and entered service in 1943 February. The first squadron in combat was VP-135, deployed in the Aleutian Islands in 1943 April. They were operated by three other squadrons in this theatre. From the Aleutians, they flew strikes against bases in Paramushiro and Shimushu, Japanese islands in the Kurile chain. Often, PV-1s would lead B-24 bomber formations, since they were equipped with radar. In late 1943, some PV-1s were deployed to the Solomon Islands. Looking down the Aleutians from an airplane. ...
Paramushir or Paramushiro is the second largest of the Kuril Islands, lying near the north of the archipelago. ...
The Kuril Islands The Kuril Islands (Russian: Кури́льские острова́), also known as Kurile Islands, stretch northeast from Hokkaido, Japan, to Kamchatka, separating the Sea of Okhotsk from the North Pacific Ocean. ...
PV-1s used by other nations 387 PV-1s were used by the RAF as the Ventura G.R.V. They were used in the Mediterranean and by the Coastal Command. Some RAF aircraft were modified into Ventura C.V transport aircraft. 55 PV-1s were used by the RAAF, serving primarily in New Guinea. Initially, air crews and ground staff disliked the Ventura, preferring the B-25 Mitchell. But in many cases, the PV-1 had developed a grudging respect from its operators. 139 were acquired by the RNZAF, and were used extensively in the Solomon Islands and other pacific Islands. 134 were diverted from British contracts to the South African Air Force, and were used to protect shipping. Some served well into the 1960s. Coastal Command was an organization within the Royal Air Force tasked with protecting the United Kingdom from naval threats. ...
A B-25 Mitchell in flight during World War II From the Maxwell Air Force Base website (original image). ...
The 1960s in its most obvious sense refers to the decade between 1960 and 1969, but the expression has taken on a wider meaning over the past twenty years. ...
PV-2 Harpoon The PV-2 Harpoon was a major redesign of the Ventura with the wing area increased from 551 ft² (51.2 m²) to 686 ft² (63.7 m²) giving an increased load-carrying capability. The motivation for redesign was weaknesses in the PV-1, since it had shown to have poor-quality takeoffs when carrying a full load of fuel. On the PV-2, the armament became standardised at five forward-firing machine guns. Many early PV-1s had a bombardier's position, which was deleted in the PV-2. Some other significant developments included the increase of the bombload by 30% to 4,000 lb (1,800 kg). Another development was the ability to carry eight 5 in (127 mm) HVAR rockets under the wings.
While the PV-2 was expected to have increased range and better takeoff, the anticipated speed statistics were project lower than those of the PV-1, due to the use of the same engines but an increase in weight. The Navy ordered 500 examples, designating them with the popular name Harpoon.
Early tests indicated a tendency for the wings to wrinkle dangerously. As this problem could not be solved by a 6 ft (1.8 m) reduction in wingspan (making the wing uniformly flexible), a complete redesign of the wing was necessitated. This hurdle delayed entry of the PV-2 into service. The PV-2s already delivered were used for training purposes under the designation PV-2C. By the end of 1944, only 69 PV-2s had been delivered. They finally resumed when the redesign was complete. The first aircraft shipped were the PV-2D, which had 8 forward-firing machine guns and was used in ground attacks. When World War II ended, all of the order was cancelled. This is a list of aviation-related events from 1944: Events January January 11 - in one of the largest air raids to date, 570 USAAF bombers strike Brunswick, Halberstadt, and Oschersleben. ...
World War II was a truly global conflict with many facets: immense human suffering, fierce indoctrination, and the use of new, extremely devastating weapons such as the atomic bomb. ...
With the wing problems fixed, the PV-2 proved reliable, and eventually popular. It was first used in the Aleutians by VP-139, one of the squadrons that originally used the PV-1. It was used by a number of countries after the war’s end, but the United States ceased ordering new PV-2s, and they were all soon retired from service.
Operational history
Royal Air Force Service The Ventura Mark I was first delivered to the Royal Air Force in 1941 September, and flew its first combat mission on 1942 November 3, against a factory in Hengelo, the Netherlands. On 1942 December 6, 47 Venturas engaged in a daylight, low-altitude attack against Eindhoven, also in the Netherlands. This was the primary event that demonstrated the Ventura's weakness in such raids: of the 47, nine of the bombers were downed. Following this tragedy, tactics were switched to medium-altitude raids. The Ventura faired little better in this strategy. During one attack on a power station in Amsterdam on 1943 May 3, New Zealand's 487 Squadron were told the target was of such importance attack was to be continued regardless of opposition. All ten Venturas to cross the coast were lost to German fighters. Squadron Leader Leonard Trent, (later the last of the Great Escapers), won the Victoria Cross for his leadership in this raid. The Royal Air Force (often abbreviated to RAF) is the air force branch of the British Armed Forces. ...
This is a list of aviation-related events from 1941: Events Jacqueline Cochran became the first woman to fly a bomber across the Atlantic Ocean. ...
This is a list of aviation-related events from 1942: Events January January 30 - Canadian Pacific Air Lines formed by the acquisition and merger of Arrow Airways and Canadian Airways, along with all the various subsidiaries of the latter. ...
November 3 is the 307th day of the year (308th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 58 days remaining. ...
This article is about the city in Overijssel, Netherlands. ...
December 6 is the 340th day (341st on leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ...
Eindhoven is a municipality and a city located in the province of Noord-Brabant in the south of the Netherlands, originally at the confluence of the Dommel and Gender brooks. ...
Amsterdam Location Country The Netherlands Province North Holland Population 739,298 (1 January 2005) Coordinates 4°54′E 52°22′N Website www. ...
1943 (MCMXLIII) is a common year starting on Friday. ...
May 3 is the 123rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (124th in leap years). ...
New Zealand pilot and Victoria Cross winner. ...
The Great Escape (1963; director: John Sturges) is a famous World War II film, based on a true story about Allied POWs with a record for escaping from POW camps. ...
Victoria Cross medal, ribbon, and bar. ...
It was never a very popular plane among RAF crews, and despite the fact that it was 50 mph (80 km/h) faster and carried more than twice as many bombs as its predecessor, the Hudson, it proved ill suited to its task as a bomber. By the summer of 1943, the Ventura had been phased out of service in favour of the de Havilland Mosquito. Its last mission was flown by Number 21 Squadron on 1943 September 9. After leaving bombardment service, a number were modified to be use by the Coastal Command; they served as the Ventura G.R.I. The de Havilland Mosquito (The Wooden Wonder a. ...
September 9 is the 252nd day of the year (253rd in leap years). ...
Coastal Command was an organization within the Royal Air Force tasked with protecting the United Kingdom from naval threats. ...
A small number of Venturas were also used in other countries, including Canada the Royal New Zealand Air Force and South Africa. The Royal New Zealand Air Force (RNZAF) is the air force arm of the New Zealand Defence Force. ...
Royal Canadian Air Force 129 Venturas were used by the Royal Canadian Air Force for training purposes, provided to them by British contracts.
South African Air Force The South African Air Force also received some 135 aircraft, which were used to protect shipping around the Cape of Good Hope, and to bomb Italian shipping in the Mediterranean. They were used by the South African Air Force as late as 1945; most other nations used the Ventura as a transport at that time. SAAF flag The South African Air Force (SAAF) is the Air Force of South Africa. ...
1888 Map of the Cape of Good Hope The expression Cape of Good Hope is used in two senses (1) sensu stricto it is a wild and rocky headland in South Africa, on the southern fringe of the Cape Peninsula, some thirty kilometres south of Cape Town (2) sensu lato...
This is a list of aviation-related events from 1945: // Events January January 1 - the Luftwaffe begins targeting Allied airfields in Europe as Operation Bodenplatte February February 13-15 - Allied bombers attack Dresden with incendiary weapons, destroying most of the city and killing some 50,000 people. ...
Royal New Zealand Air Force The Royal New Zealand Air Force in the Pacific received 139 Venturas and some Harpoons from 1943 to replace Lockheed Hudsons in the maratime patrol bomber and medium bomber roles. No. 487 Squadron RNZAF operating in Europe as part of the Royal Air Force was also briefly equipped with the type, before losses lead to their replacement with the de Havilland Mosquito. Initially Venturas were unpopular with the RNZAF, due to rumoured poor performance on one engine, and the fate of Leonard Trent's 487 Squadron, as well as the failure of the U.S. to provide New Zealand with promised B-24 Liberators. Despite this, the RNZAF Venturas came to be amongst the most widely used of any nations, seeing substantial action until VJ day mostly in close support operations over South West Pacific islands. They also took part in several attacks on Japanese shipping. South Pacific based aircraft were not replaced with Mosquitoes until after the cessation of hostilities. A restored RNZAF Harpoon is owned by the Museum of Transport and Technology in Auckland. The Royal New Zealand Air Force (RNZAF) is the air force arm of the New Zealand Defence Force. ...
For other meanings of Pacific, see Pacific (disambiguation). ...
Lockheed Hudson Mk V The Lockheed Hudson was a light bomber and coastal reconnaissance aircraft built initially for the Royal Air Force shortly before the outbreak of World War II. The Hudson was the first significant aircraft construction contract for the Lockheed Aircraft Corporation—the initial RAF order for 200...
487 Squadron formed as a day bomber unit on Lockheed Venturas, with Royal New Zealand Air Force pilots, at Feltwell on 15 August 1942. ...
The Royal Air Force (often abbreviated to RAF) is the air force branch of the British Armed Forces. ...
The de Havilland Mosquito (The Wooden Wonder a. ...
New Zealand pilot and Victoria Cross winner. ...
Royal Canadian Air Force B-24 Liberator The Consolidated B-24 Liberator was produced in greater numbers than any other American combat aircraft, and was used by most of the Allied air forces in World War II. Designed as a heavy bomber, it served with distinction not only in that...
The de Havilland Mosquito (The Wooden Wonder a. ...
Museum of Transport and Technology MoTaT is a museum located in Western Springs, Point Chevalier, Auckland, between a Speedway, the Auckland Zoo and Western Springs park. ...
Auckland, in the North Island of New Zealand, is the largest urban area in New Zealand. ...
United States Service
Army Air Service Some 264 Ventura Mark IIs ordered by the RAF were seized by the U.S. Army Air Force. Though some were used as anti-submarine patrol bombers under the designation B-34 Lexington, most were used for training with various stateside units. 27 of these were used by the United States Navy for anti-submarine patrols as well; these were designated PV-1 Ventura and PV-2 Harpoon. The United States Navy (USN) is the branch of the United States armed forces responsible for naval operations. ...
Naval service During the early months of 1942, the primary responsibility for anti-submarine warfare in the United States was shouldered by the Army Air Force. This irked the Navy, as it considered this region of battle its burden. To carry out such a task, the Navy was pursuing a long-range, land-based patrol and reconnaissance aircraft with a substantial bombload. This goal was always resisted by the Army Air Force, which carefully protected its monopoly on land-based bombing. This forced the navy to use long-range floatplanes for these roles. The Navy was unable to upgrade to better planes until the Army Air Force needed the Navy plant in Renton, Washington to manufacture its B-29 Superfortress. In exchange for use of the Renton plant, the Army Air Force would discontinue its objections to Naval land-based bombers, and provide planes to the Navy. One of the clauses of this agreement stated that production of the B-34 and B-37 by Lockheed would cease, and instead these resources would be directed at building a navalised version, the PV-1 Ventura. Renton is a city located in King County, Washington, USA, immediately southeast of Seattle. ...
The Boeing B-29 Superfortress (Boeing Model 341/345) was a four-engine heavy bomber propeller aircraft flown by the United States Army Air Force. ...
The PV-1 began to be delivered in 1942 December, and entered service in 1943 February. The first squadron in combat was VP-135, deployed in the Aleutian Islands in 1943 April. They were operated by three other squadrons in this theatre. From the Aleutians, they flew strikes against Paramushiro, a Japanese island. Often, PV-1s would lead B-24 bomber formations, since they were equipped with radar. In late 1943, some PV-1s were deployed to the Solomon Islands. Looking down the Aleutians from an airplane. ...
Paramushir or Paramushiro is the second largest of the Kuril Islands, lying near the north of the archipelago. ...
Units using the Lockheed Ventura
1st Medium Bomber Group P-47 D4 from FAB in Italy AMX jet fighter from the FAB The Brazilian Air Force (FAB) was founded in January 20 1941, in the middle of the Second World War. ...
French Naval Aviation Flotille 6FE
- Number 13 Squadron (Coastal Command)
- Number 21 Squadron
- Number 299 Squadron
- Number 487 Squadron (Bomber Command)
- Number 500 Squadron
- Number 519 Squadron (Coastal Command)
- Number 521 Squadron (Coastal Command)
- Number 624 Squadron
The Royal Air Force (often abbreviated to RAF) is the air force branch of the British Armed Forces. ...
No. ...
487 Squadron formed as a day bomber unit on Lockheed Venturas, with Royal New Zealand Air Force pilots, at Feltwell on 15 August 1942. ...
- Number 13 Squadron
- Number 459 Squadron
- Number 464 Squadron
The Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF) is the air force branch of the Australian Defence Force. ...
- Number 8 Squadron
- Number 113 Squadron
- Number 115 Squadron
- Number 145 Sqadron
- Number 149 Squadron
The Royal Canadian Air Force (RCAF) was the air force of Canada from 1924 until 1968 when the three branches of the Canadian military were merged into the Canadian Armed Forces. ...
The Royal New Zealand Air Force (RNZAF) is the air force arm of the New Zealand Defence Force. ...
The introduction of this article does not provide enough context for readers unfamiliar with the subject. ...
During World War II the squadron operated Lockheed Hudsons and Lockheed Venturas as patrol bombers in the South Pacific. ...
487 Squadron formed as a day bomber unit on Lockheed Venturas, with Royal New Zealand Air Force pilots, at Feltwell on 15 August 1942. ...
SAAF flag The South African Air Force (SAAF) is the Air Force of South Africa. ...
17 Squadron SAAF is a squadron of the South African Air Force. ...
22 Squadron is a squadron of the South African Air Force. ...
60 Squadron SAAF is a squadron of the South African Air Force. ...
The United States Army Air Forces, or USAAF, was a part of the U.S. military during World War II. The direct precursor to the U.S. Air Force, the USAAF formally existed between 1941 and 1947. ...
VMF(N)-531 United States Marine Corps Emblem The United States Marine Corps (USMC) is a branch of the U.S. military. ...
- VB/VPB-125
- VB/VPB-126
- VB/VPB-127
- VB/VPB-128
- VB/VPB-129
- VB/VPB-130
- VB/VPB-131
- VB/VPB-132
- VB/VPB-133
- VB/VPB-134
- VB/VPB-135
- VB/VPB-136
- VB/VPB-137
- VB/VPB-138
- VB/VPB-139
- VB/VPB-140
- VB/VPB-141
- VB/VPB-142
- VB/VPB-143
- VB/VPB-144
- VB/VPB-145
- VB/VPB-146
- VB/VPB-147
- VB/VPB-148
- VB/VPB-149
- VB/VPB-150
- VB/VPB-151
- VB/VPB-152
- VB/VPB-153
- VB/VPB-200
- VD-2
- ................VB - Patrol Bombing
- ................VPB - Patrol Bombing Squadron
The United States Navy (USN) is the branch of the United States armed forces responsible for naval operations. ...
Variants and design stages - Ventura Mark I. ×675
- Ventura Mark II. ×487
- Ventura Mark IIA (B-34). ×200
- B-34A. ×101, converted
- B-34B. ×13, converted
- B-37. ×18
- PV-1. ×1600
- PV-2. ×104
Specifications (B-34 Lexington)
General characteristics - Crew: 6
- Length: 51 ft 5 in (15.7 m)
- Wingspan: 65 ft 6 in (20 m)
- Height: 11 ft 10 in (3.6 m)
- Wing area: 551 ft² (51.2 m²)
- Empty: 20,197 lb (9,160 kg)
- Loaded: 31,000 lb (14,000 kg)
- Maximum takeoff: 34,000 lb (15,000 kg)
- Powerplant: 2× Pratt & Whitney GR-2800 geared radials, 2,000 hp (1,500 kW) each
Pratt & Whitney R-2800 The Pratt & Whitney R-2800 Double Wasp was an aircraft engine, and part of the long-lived Wasp family. ...
Performance - Maximum speed: 322 mph (518 km/h)
- Cruising speed: 230 mph (370 km/h)
- Combat range: 1,660 miles (2,670 km)
- Ferry range: 2,600 miles (4,200 km)
- Service ceiling: 26,300 ft (8,020 m)
- Rate of climb: 2,035 ft/min (923 m/min)
- Wing loading: 56.4 lb/ft² (275 kg/m²)
- Power/mass: 0.13 hp/lb (0.21 kW/kg)
Armament The . ...
A machine gun is a fully-automatic firearm that is capable of firing bullets in rapid succession. ...
Depth Charge used by U.S. Navy later in World War II The depth charge is the oldest anti-submarine weapon. ...
References - Carey, Alan C. (2002). PV Ventura / Harpoon Units of World War 2 ( Osprey Combat Aircraft 34 ). UK: Osprey Publishing. ISBN 1841763837.
- Scrivner, Charles L. and Captain W.E. Scarborough, USN (ret) (1981). Lockheed PV-1 Ventura in Action. Squadron/Signal Publications, Inc. ISBN 0897471180.
- Stanaway, John C. (2000). Vega Ventura: The Operational Story of Lockheed's Lucky Star ( Schiffer Military History ). Schiffer Publishing. ISBN 0764300873.
- Wagner, Ray (1982). American Combat Planes, Third Enlarged Edition. New York, New York: Doubleday. ISBN 0930083172.
External links
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