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A logic puzzle is a puzzle deriving from the mathematics field of deduction. An example of a simple puzzle. ...
Euclid, detail from The School of Athens by Raphael. ...
There are several meanings for the word deduction: Natural deduction Deductive reasoning Deductions in terms of taxation, such as Itemized deductions Standard deduction See also: Logic Venn diagram Inductive reasoning Both statistics and the scientific method rely on both induction and deduction. ...
This branch was produced by Charles Lutwidge Dodgson, who is better known under his pseudonym Lewis Carroll, the author of Alice's Adventures in Wonderland. In his book The Game of Symbolic Logic he introduced a game to solve problems such as Photograph of Lewis Carroll taken by himself, with assistance Charles Lutwidge Dodgson (January 27, 1832 – January 14, 1898), better known by the pen name Lewis Carroll, was a British author, mathematician, Anglican clergyman, logician, and amateur photographer. ...
John Tenniels illustration for A Mad Tea-Party, 1865 Illustration by Arthur Rackham Alices Adventures in Wonderland is a work of childrens literature by the British mathematician and author, Reverend Charles Lutwidge Dodgson, written under the pseudonym Lewis Carroll. ...
- some games are fun
- every puzzle is a game
- Are all puzzles fun? Not Necessarily.
Puzzles like this, where we are given a list of premises and asked what can be deduced from them, are known as syllogisms. Of course, this example is trivial. Dodgson goes on to construct much more complex puzzles consisting of up to 8 premises. A syllogism (Greek: συλλογισμός — conclusion, inference), more correctly a categorical syllogism, is a kind of logical argument in which one proposition (the conclusion) is inferred from two others (the premises). ...
In the second half of the 20th century mathematician Raymond M. Smullyan has continued and expanded the branch of logic puzzles with books such as The Lady or the Tiger?, To Mock a Mockingbird and Alice in Puzzle-Land. He popularized the "knights and knaves" puzzles, which involve knights, who always tell the truth, and knaves, who always lie. Raymond Merrill Smullyan (born 1919) is a mathematician, logician, philosopher, and magician. ...
Knights and knaves are a type of logic puzzle devised by Raymond Smullyan. ...
Another form of logic puzzle, popular among puzzle enthusiasts and available in large magazines dedicated to the subject, is a format in which the set-up to a scenario is given, as well as the object (for example, determine who brought what dog to a dog show, and what breed each dog was), certain clues are given ("neither Misty nor Rex is the German shepherd"), and then the reader fills out a matrix with the clues and attempts to deduce the solution. These are often referred to as "logic grid" puzzles. The most famous example may be the so-called Zebra Puzzle, which asks the question Who Owned the Zebra?. A collection of magazines A magazine is a periodical publication containing a variety of articles, generally financed by advertising and/or purchase by readers. ...
The Zebra Puzzle is a well-known logic puzzle. ...
There are also logic puzzles that are completely non-verbal in nature. Some popular forms include Sudoku, which involves using deduction to correctly place numbers in a grid; the nonogram, also called "Paint by Numbers", which involves using deduction to correctly fill in a grid with black-and-white squares to produce a picture; and logic mazes, which involve using deduction to figure out the rules of a maze. A Sudoku puzzle (image hyperlinked to solution) Sudoku ), also known as Number Place, is a logic-based placement puzzle. ...
An example of a Paint by Numbers puzzle. ...
Logic mazes, sometimes called mazes with rules, are logic puzzles with all the aspects of a tour puzzle that fall outside of the scope of a typical maze. ...
See also
This is a partial list of puzzle-based computer games and video games, sorted by general category. ...
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