The London, Midland and Scottish Railway (LMS¹) was a British railway company. It was formed in 1923 by the forced Grouping of over 300 separate railway companies into just four. It was an unwieldy construction, claiming to be the world's largest transport organization, and the largest commercial undertaking in Europe (although they did not say on what basis), including the largest chain of hotels. In 1938, the LMS operated 6,870 route miles (11,056 km) of railway (excluding lines in Northern Ireland), but it was not very profitable with a rate of return of only 2.7%. It was nationalised in 1948. LMS crest. ... 1923 was a common year starting on Monday (link will take you to calendar). ... The Railways Act of 1921, also known as the Grouping forcibly merged British railway companies into The Big Four, as of 1st January 1923. ... World map showing Europe (geographically) When considered a continent, Europe is the worlds second-smallest continent in terms of area, with an area of 10,600,000 km² (4,140,625 square miles), making it larger than Australia only. ... A hotel is an establishment that provides paid lodging, usually on a short-term basis and especially for tourists. ... 1938 (MCMXXXVIII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will take you to calendar). ... Royal motto: Quis separabit (Latin: Who will separate?) Northern Irelands location within the UK Official languages English, Irish, Ulster Scots Capital and largest city Belfast First Minister Office suspended Area  - Total Ranked 4th 13,843 km² Population  - Total (2001)  - Density Ranked 4th 1,685,267 122/km² NUTS 1... 1948 is a leap year starting on Thursday (link will take you to calendar). ...

Constituents

The LMS was formed from the following major companies:

• Caledonian Railway 1114.4 miles (1793.5 km) route mileage
• Furness Railway 158 miles (254 km)
• Glasgow and South Western Railway 498.5 miles (802.3 km)
• Highland Railway 506 miles (814 km)
• London and North Western Railway (including Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway, amalgamated from 1 January 1922) 2667.5 miles (4292.9 km)
• Midland Railway 2170.75 miles (3493.5 km)
• North Staffordshire Railway 220.75 miles (355.3 km)

There were also some twenty-four subsidiary railways, leased or worked by the above companies, and large number of joint railways. In Northern Ireland there were three railways: The Caledonian Railway was a Scottish railway company which was grouped into the London Midland and Scottish Railway by the Railways Act 1921 in 1923. ... Furness Railway was one of the constituent companies of the London, Midland and Scottish Railway in the Railways Act 1921. ... Glasgow and South Western Railway formed part of the London, Midland and Scottish Railway. ... The Highland Railway was a Scottish railway company which was grouped into the London, Midland and Scottish Railway. ... The London and North Western Railway (LNWR) was formed in 1846 by the merger of three railway companies - the Grand Junction Railway, London and Birmingham and Manchester and Birmingham. ... The Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway was a pre-grouping (1923) British railway company. ... January 1 is the first day of the calendar year in both the Julian and Gregorian calendars. ... 1922 was a common year starting on Sunday (see link for calendar). ... The Midland Railway (MR) was a railway company in the United Kingdom which existed from 1844 to 1922. ... The North Staffordshire Railway was a British railway company which had its roots in an early scheme to build a small plateway from the base of the Cauldon canal up to Cauldon quarries. ...

• Dundalk, Newry and Greenmore Railway 26.5 miles (42.6 km)
• Northern Counties Committee's lines 265.25 miles (426.9 km)
• Joint Midland and Great Northern of Ireland Railway 91 miles (146 km) interests in Ireland

The total route mileage of the LMSR in 1923 was 7790 miles (12,537 km).

For complete list of all railways see List of constituents of the LMS. The Following were constituents of the London, Midland and Scottish Railway Main Constituents Caledonian Railway Furness Railway Glasgow and South Western Railway Highland Railway Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway * London and North Western Railway Midland Railway North Staffordshire Railway Subsidiary Companies Arbroath and Forfar Railway Brechin and Edzell District Railway Callander...

Geography

Comtemporary 1935 map of LMS system. Other railways' lines are omitted.

The LMS principle trunk routes were the West Coast Main Line and the Midland Main Line which linked London, the industrial Midlands and North-West and Scotland. Download high resolution version (477x623, 74 KB)1935 Map of the London, Midland and Scottish Railway system. ... Download high resolution version (477x623, 74 KB)1935 Map of the London, Midland and Scottish Railway system. ... The WCML running alogside the M1 motorway in Northamptonshire The West Coast Main Line (WCML) is one of the most important intercity railway lines in the United Kingdom, part of the British railway system. ... The Midland Main Line is a main railway line in the United Kingdom and is part of the British railway system. ...

The railway's main business was the transportation of freight between these major industrial centres. Particularly notable were the Toton–Brent coal trains which took coal from the Nottinghamshire coalfield to London. Cargo is a term used to denotes goods or produce being transported generally for commercial gain, usually on a ship, plane, train or lorry. ... Map sources for Toton at grid reference SK501347 Toton is a small town in Nottinghamshire located southwest of Nottingham. ... The London Borough of Brent is a London borough in north west London which is surrounded by other boroughs: Harrow to the northwest, Barnet to the northeast, Camden to the east and Ealing, Hammersmith & Fulham, Kensington & Chelsea and Westminster to the south. ... Coal is a fossil fuel extracted from the ground by deep mining, coal mining (open-pit mining or strip mining). ... London is the capital city of the United Kingdom and of England. ...

History

Early history

The early history of the LMS is dominated by infighting between its two largest constituents, the Midland and the North Western, previously two fierce rivals. Men from each of which believed that their companies way was the right — and only — way of doing business. Generally, the Midland prevailed, with the adoption of many Midland practices, such as the livery of crimson lake for passenger locomotives and rolling stock. Perhaps most notably however was the continuation of the Midland Railway's small engine policy. The Midland Railway (MR) was a railway company in the United Kingdom which existed from 1844 to 1922. ... The London and North Western Railway (LNWR) was formed in 1846 by the merger of three railway companies - the Grand Junction Railway, London and Birmingham and Manchester and Birmingham. ... The Midland Railways locomotives (which it always referred to as engines), followed its small engine policy. ...

The Stanier revolution

The arrival of the new Chief Mechanical Engineer William Stanier, who was head-hunted from the Great Western Railway by Josiah Stamp in 1933 heralded a change in the LMS. Stanier introduced new ideas rather than continuing with the company's internal conflict. Sir William Arthur Stanier F.R.S. (27 May 1876-27 September 1965) was Chief Mechanical Engineer of the London, Midland and Scottish Railway. ... The original Bristol Temple Meads station, first terminus of the GWR, is the building to the left of this picture The Great Western Railway (GWR) was a British railway company, linking South West England, the West Country and South Wales with London. ... Josiah Stamp Banking was conceived in iniquity and born in sin. ...

Nationalisation

The LMS was nationalised in 1948 by the Transport Act 1947, becoming part of British Railways. It formed the London Midland Region and part of the Scottish Region. Lines in Northern Ireland were taken into the Ulster Transport Authority (?) Nationalization is the act of taking assets into state ownership. ... The Transport Act, 1947 was part of the nationalisation agenda of Clement Attlees Labour government. ... British Railways (BR), later rebranded as British Rail, ran the British railway system, from the nationalisation of the Big Four British railway companies in 1948 until its privatisation in stages between 1994 and 1997. ... ex-LMS Jubilee Class 45641 Sandwich at Chinley in 1954 The London Midland Region (LMR) was one of the six regions created on British Railways (BR) and consisted of ex-London, Midland and Scottish Railway (LMS) lines in England and Wales. ... Royal motto: Quis separabit (Latin: Who will separate?) Northern Irelands location within the UK Official languages English, Irish, Ulster Scots Capital and largest city Belfast First Minister Office suspended Area  - Total Ranked 4th 13,843 km² Population  - Total (2001)  - Density Ranked 4th 1,685,267 122/km² NUTS 1...

Preservation

Topics

Note: Suggested topics

• People
  • Presidents
    • Josiah Stamp
  • Chief Mechanical Engineers of the London, Midland and Scottish Railway
    • George Hughes
    • Henry Fowler
    • Ernest Lemon
    • William Stanier
    • Charles Fairburn
    • Henry George Ivatt

• Rolling Stock
  • Locomotives of the London, Midland and Scottish Railway
  • Coaches of the London, Midland and Scottish Railway
  • Wagons of the London, Midland and Scottish Railway

• Trains
  • Named trains of the London, Midland and Scottish Railway - see discussion

• Others
  • Suburban electrification of the London, Midland and Scottish Railway

Josiah Stamp Banking was conceived in iniquity and born in sin. ... Chief Mechanical Engineers of the London, Midland and Scottish Railway Categories: Stub ... George Hughes (9 October 1865 — 27 October 1945) was a locomotive engineer, Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway and the London, Midland and Scottish Railway. ... Sir Henry Fowler (July 29, 1870–October 16, 1938) was a Chief Mechanical Engineer of the Midland Railway and subsequently the London, Midland and Scottish Railway. ... Sir Ernest John Hutchings Lemon (9 December 1884-15 December 1954) was Chief Mechanical Engineer of the London, Midland and Scottish Railway and later its Vice-President. ... Sir William Arthur Stanier F.R.S. (27 May 1876-27 September 1965) was Chief Mechanical Engineer of the London, Midland and Scottish Railway. ... Charles Edward Fairburn (5 September 1887 — 12 October 1945) was Chief Mechanical Engineer of the London, Midland and Scottish Railway. ... Henry George Ivatt (4 May 1886 — 4 October 1976) was the post-war Chief Mechanical Engineer of the London, Midland and Scottish Railway. ... The London, Midland and Scottish Railway had the largest stock of steam locomotives of any of the Big Four pre-Nationalisation railway companies. ... The London, Midland and Scottish Railway (LMS) inherited several styles of coaching stock from its constituents. ... The London, Midland and Scottish Railway was middling in its development of electrification schemes, being better than the Great Western Railway which had none, but behind the London and North Eastern Railway and infinitely far behind the Southern Railway with its huge suburban electification schemes. ...

Further reading

For a general overview see Whitehouse, P (1997) LMS 150, ISBN 0862880718

Footnote

¹It has been argued that the initials LMSR should be used to be consistent with LNER, GWR and SR. However the London, Midland and Scottish Railway's corporate image used LMS, and this is what is generally used in historical circles. The LMS occasionally also used the initials LM&SR. For consistency, Wikipedia uses the initials LMS. ^^ back to top The London and North Eastern Railway or LNER was the second-largest of the Big Four railway companies created by the Railways Act 1921 in Britain. ... The original Bristol Temple Meads station, first terminus of the GWR, is the building to the left of this picture The Great Western Railway (GWR) was a British railway company, linking South West England, the West Country and South Wales with London. ... The Southern Railway in the United Kingdom was the smallest of the four railway systems created in the Grouping ordered by the Railways Act 1921. ... A corporate image refers to how a corporation is perceived. ... The Wikipedia logo. ...

External links

• The LMS society
• Preserved Carriage Database