NationMaster - Encyclopedia: London Heathrow

London Heathrow Airport (IATA:LHR, ICAO:EGLL), often referred to simply as Heathrow, is the United Kingdom's busiest and best-connected airport. The control tower at London (Heathrow) Airport, seen from Terminal 1. ... BAA plc is the owner and operator of seven major United Kingdom airports and operator of several airports worldwide, making the company one of the largest transport companies in the world. ... 1930 is a common year starting on Wednesday. ... The Clock Tower of the Palace of Westminster which contains Big Ben London is the capital city of the United Kingdom and of England. ... Royal motto: Dieu et mon droit (French: God and my right) Englands location within the UK Official language English de facto Capital London de facto Largest city London Area - Total Ranked 1st UK 130,395 km² Population - Total (2001) - Density Ranked 1st UK 49,138,831 377/km² Religion... A kilometre (American spelling: kilometer, symbol: km) is a unit of length equal to 1000 metres (from the Greek words khilia = thousand and metro = count/measure). ... A mile is any of several units of distance, or, in physics terminology, of length. ... This article is about longitude and latitude; see also UTM coordinate system Map of Earth showing lines of latitude (vertically) and longitude (horizontally); large version (pdf) The geographic (earth-mapping) coordinate system expresses every horizontal position on Earth by two of the three coordinates of a spherical coordinate system which... The International Air Transport Association is an international trade organization of airlines headquarted in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. ... The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), an agency of the United Nations, develops the principles and techniques of international air navigation and fosters the planning and development of international air transport to ensure safe and orderly growth. ... The IATA airport code is a three-letter alphabetic code designating many airports around the world. ... The ICAO airport code is a four-letter alphanumeric code designating each airport around the world. ...

Heathrow is the world's third busiest airport by total passenger traffic, after Atlanta/Hartsfield and Chicago/O'Hare in the United States; however, due to the large number of foreign connecting flights, Heathrow actually has the world's highest number of international passenger movements. In 2003 Heathrow was the busiest airport of Europe in terms of total passenger traffic (31.5% more passengers than at Paris Charles de Gaulle Airport or Frankfurt International Airport), but it was only second behind Charles de Gaulle Airport in terms of plane movements (10% fewer planes than at Charles de Gaulle Airport), and third in terms of cargo traffic (24.5% less cargo than at Charles de Gaulle Airport and 21% less than at Frankfurt International Airport). The cachet of being known as the worlds busiest airport is fiercely fought over by owners of the worlds largest airports. ... Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport (IATA:ATL, ICAO:KATL) is located in the Atlanta, Georgia, USA metropolitan area, and is one of two airports considered the busiest airport in the world. ... OHare International Airport (IATA:ORD, ICAO:KORD) is an airport located in Chicago, Illinois, 17 miles (27 km) northwest of the Chicago Loop. ... Charles de Gaulle International Airport (French: A roport de Roissy-Charles de Gaulle), also known as Roissy Airport (or just Roissy in French), serving Paris, is one of Europes principal aviation centers, as well as Frances main international airport. ... Frankfurt International Airport (German: Rhein-Main-Flughafen or Flughafen Frankfurt am Main) is located in Frankfurt am Main, Germany. ... Charles de Gaulle International Airport (French: A roport de Roissy-Charles de Gaulle), also known as Roissy Airport (or just Roissy in French), serving Paris, is one of Europes principal aviation centers, as well as Frances main international airport. ...

Heathrow Airport is in Heathrow in the London Borough of Hillingdon, which is in the west of London. Heath Row was a small hamlet in the former county of Middlesex, on the outskirts of London that was obliterated for construction of the London Heathrow Airport in 1945. ... The London Borough of Hillingdon is the westernmost London borough. ... The Clock Tower of the Palace of Westminster which contains Big Ben London is the capital city of the United Kingdom and of England. ...

History

Heathrow began its long life in the 1930s as the Great Western Aerodrome, privately owned by Fairey Aviation, primarily for testing, the land acquired from the Vicar of Harmondsworth. The airport was named after the hamlet Heath Row, which was demolished to make way for the airport and was located approximately where Terminal 3 is sited now. [http://www.thisislongford.com/heathrow.htm. It had no commercial traffic and Croydon Airport was then the main airport for London. Events and trends Technology Jet engine invented First atom was split with a particle accelerator Golden Age of radio begins in U.S. Disney adopts a three-color Technicolor process for cartoons First Kit Kat in UK The photocopier is invented by Carlson Air mail service across the Atlantic Science... The Fairey Aviation Company, Ltd was a British aircraft manufacturer of the first half of the 20th century, notable for a number of important planes, including the Fairey III family and the Fairey Swordfish. ... In the broadest sense, a vicar is anyone who is acting as a substitute or agent for a superior (compare vicarious). In this sense, the title is comparable to lieutenant. ... Heath Row was a small hamlet in the former county of Middlesex, on the outskirts of London that was obliterated for construction of the London Heathrow Airport in 1945. ... Croydon Airport is in south London on the borders of the London Boroughs of Croydon and Sutton. ...

In 1944 Heathrow came under control of the Ministry of Air. Harold Balfour (then Under-Secretary of State for Air 1938-1944 and later Lord Balfour) wrote, in his 1973 autobiography Wings over Westminster, that he deliberately deceived the government committee that a requisition was necessary in order that Heathrow could be used as a bomber base. In fact, Balfour wrote, that he always intended the site to be used for civil aviation and used a wartime emergency requisition order to avoid a lengthy and costly public inquiry. Certainly the Royal Air Force never made use of the airport and control was transferred to the Ministry of Civil Aviation on January 1, 1946; the first civil flight that day being to Buenos Aires via Lisbon (for refuelling). 1944 was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will take you to calendar). ... Harold Harington Balfour, 1st Baron Balfour of Inchrye (1897 - 1988) was a pilot and trainer with the Royal Flying Corps and later a Conservative politician. ... The Secretary of State for Air was a cabinet level British position, in charge of the Air Ministry. ... 1938 was a common year starting on Saturday (link will take you to calendar). ... 1944 was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will take you to calendar). ... A bomber is a military aircraft designed to attack ground targets, primarily by dropping bombs. ... In the politics and government of Commonwealth countries such as Australia, Canada and the United Kingdom, a public inquiry is an official review of events or actions ordered by the government. ... The Royal Air Force (often abbreviated to RAF) is the air force branch of the UK Armed Forces. ... January 1 is the first day of the calendar year in both the Julian and Gregorian calendars. ... 1946 was a common year starting on Tuesday. ... Buenos Aires (Good Air in Spanish, originally meaning Fair Winds) is the capital of Argentina and its largest city and port, as well as one of the largest cities in South America. ... Lisbon (in Portuguese, Lisboa) is the capital and largest city of Portugal. ...

The airport opened fully for civilian use on May 31, 1946. By 1947 Heathrow had three runways with three more under construction. These older runways, built for piston-engined planes, were short and criss-crossed to allow flights for all wind conditions. The first concrete slab of the first modern runway was ceremonially placed by Queen Elizabeth II in 1953. She also opened the first terminal building, the Europa Building (later renamed Terminal 2), in 1955. Shortly afterwards the Oceanic Terminal (later renamed Terminal 3) became operational. Terminal 1 was opened to the public in 1968, completing the cluster of buildings at the centre of the Heathrow site. May 31 is the 151st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (152nd in leap years), with 214 days remaining, as the last day of May. ... 1946 was a common year starting on Tuesday. ... The term aircraft engine, for the purposes of this article, refers to aircraft reciprocating, or rotary, internal combustion engines as opposed to jet engines or turboprops. ... Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II (Elizabeth Alexandra Mary Windsor), styled HM The Queen ( born 21 April 1926) is the queen regnant and head of state of Antigua and Barbuda, Australia, the Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Canada, Grenada, Jamaica, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent... 1953 is a common year starting on Thursday. ...

In 1977, the London Underground was extended to Heathrow, connecting the airport with Central London in just under an hour via the Piccadilly Line. Download high resolution version (1500x927, 286 KB) View across Heathrow airport. ... Download high resolution version (1500x927, 286 KB) View across Heathrow airport. ... 1977 was a common year starting on Saturday (the link is to a full 1977 calendar). ... Slight modifications to the famous London Underground roundel indicate the name of each station on platform and some outdoor signs. ... The Piccadilly Line is a line of the London Underground, coloured dark blue on the Tube map. ...

Terminal 4 was built away from the three older terminals, to the south of the southern runway. The terminal opened in 1986 and became the home for then newly privatized British Airways. In 1987, the British Government privatized the British Airports Authority (now just "BAA plc"), and gave it ownership of seven of Britain's airports including Heathrow. British Airways is the largest airline of the United Kingdom. ... 1987 is a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Privatization (sometimes privatisation, denationalization, or — especially in India — disinvestment) is the process of transferring property, from public ownership to private ownership. ... BAA plc is the owner and operator of seven major United Kingdom airports and operator of several airports worldwide, making the company one of the largest transport companies in the world. ...

Air disasters with connections to Heathrow

On April 8, 1968, a BOAC Boeing 707 G-ARWE, which was flying to Australia via Singapore, had an engine fire just after take-off. The engine fell from the wing into the nearby Queen Mother reservoir at Datchet, but the plane managed to perform an emergency landing with the wing on fire. The plane burnt out on the ground - 5 people, mostly staff, died, 117 survived. April 8 is the 98th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (99th in leap years). ... 1968 was a leap year starting on Monday (the link is to a full 1968 calendar). ... After technical problems with the Comet, BOAC resumed jet service with imported Boeing 707s. ... Datchet is a quintessential English village on the banks of the River Thames, situated in the unitary authority of Windsor and Maidenhead in the county of Berkshire. ...

On June 18, 1972, British European Airways Flight BE548, which was flying on a London Heathrow - Brussels route, crashed some 2 1/2 minutes after take off into a field near Staines. Known as the 'Staines air disaster', all 109 passengers and 9 crew on the Hawker-Siddeley Trident-1C were killed [1] (http://www.super70s.com/Super70s/Tech/Aviation/Disasters/72-06-18(Trident).asp). June 18 is the 169th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (170th in leap years), with 196 days remaining. ... 1972 was a leap year that started on a Saturday. ... For alternate usages of BEA see Bea (disambiguation) Hawker-Siddeley Trident 1C (G-ARPC), built 1962 and destroyed in a fire at London (Heathrow) Airport in 1975. ... Staines is a town in the Spelthorne borough of Surrey and part of the London Commuter Belt of South East England. ... On June 18th, 1972, British European Flight 548, a Hawker-Siddeley Trident 1B, G-ARPI, of British European Airways (BEA) crashed two minutes after takeoff from Heathrow Airport, killing all 118 passengers and crew on board. ... Trident 1F The Trident, model DH121 or HS121, was a short/medium-range airliner designed by de Havilland in the 1950s, and built by the Hawker-Siddeley Group in the 1960s when de Havilland was merged, along with several other British aviation firms. ...

On June 23, 1985, Air India Flight 182, which was flying on a Montreal-London-Delhi-Mumbai route, exploded in midair over the Atlantic Ocean west of the Republic of Ireland, killing all of the passengers aboard. June 23 is the 174th day of the year (175th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 191 days remaining. ... 1985 is a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Air India Flight 182 was a 747 that was bombed on June 23, 1985 31,000 feet (9500 m) above the Atlantic Ocean, south of Ireland, killing all 329 on board. ... Montreal-Mirabel International Airport (Aéroport international Montréal-Mirabel) is an airport in Mirabel, Quebec, near Montreal. ... Indira Gandhi International Airport, located in the city of New Delhi, Delhi, India is one of Indias main domestic and international gateways. ... Chatrapati Shivaji International Airport (also transliterated as Chhatrapati Shivaji International Airport), formerly Sahar International Airport, is an airport in Mumbai, India. ...

On December 21, 1988, Pan Am Flight 103, which was on a Frankfurt - London Heathrow - New York-Detroit route was destroyed in mid-air over Scotland by a bomb, killing all on board and several on the ground in the Lockerbie disaster. December 21 is the 355th day of the year (356th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 1988 is a leap year starting on a Friday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The nose, containing the flight crew and first-class section, landed in a farmers field near a tiny church in Tundergarth, Scotland Pan Am Flight 103 was Pan Ams daily Frankfurt-London-New York-Detroit evening flight. ... Frankfurt International Airport (German: Rhein-Main-Flughafen or Flughafen Frankfurt am Main) is located in Frankfurt am Main, Germany. ... John F. Kennedy International Airport (formerly Idlewild Airport and New York International Airport) is the main international airport in New York City, and is one of the largest airports in the world. ... Detroit Metropolitan Wayne County Airport (IATA:DTW, ICAO:KDTW), also called Detroit Metro Airport, is an airport in Romulus, Michigan, near Detroit, Michigan, and is a major hub for Northwest Airlines. ... Scotland (Scottish Gaelic: Alba) is a country in northwest Europe, occupying the northern third of the island of Great Britain. ... Lockerbie is a small town with a population of 4,009 (Census 2001) located in the Dumfries and Galloway region in south-western Scotland. ...

Download high resolution version (1500x1061, 446 KB) An unusual road at London Heathrow Airport, England. ... Download high resolution version (1500x1061, 446 KB) An unusual road at London Heathrow Airport, England. ... The Clock Tower of the Palace of Westminster which contains Big Ben London is the capital city of the United Kingdom and of England. ... London Heathrow Airport (IATA airport code: LHR, ICAO airport code: EGLL, and often simply Heathrow) is the United Kingdoms busiest and best-connected airport. ... The Boeing 777 is a family of long range widebody twin engine airliners built by Boeing Commercial Airplanes. ...

Security

The Brinks Mat robbery occurred on November 26, 1983 when 6,800 gold bars worth nearly UK£26 million were taken from the Brinks Mat vault at Heathrow. Only a fraction of the gold was ever recovered and only two men were convicted of the crime. The Brinks Mat Robbery occurred on 26 November 1983 when six robbers broke into the Brinks Mat warehouse at Heathrow Airport, England. ... November 26 is the 330th day (331st on leap years) of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1983 is a common year starting on Saturday of the Gregorian calendar. ... General Name, Symbol, Number Gold, Au, 79 Chemical series transition metals Group, Period, Block 11 (IB), 6, d Density, Hardness 19300 kg/m3, 2. ... As a unit of currency, the term pound originates from the value of a Troy pound weight (Latin libra), of high purity silver, and is the currency unit of a number of countries: Cyprus pound in Cyprus Egyptian pound in Egypt Lebanese pound in Lebanon Syrian pound in Syria British...

In March 2002, thieves stole $3 million (US) that arrived on a South African Airways flight. March is the third month of the year in the Gregorian Calendar and one of seven Gregorian months with the length of 31 days. ... 2002 is a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... South African Airways (SAA), known simply as South African on their aircraft colour scheme, is South Africas largest domestic and international airline company. ...

Scotland Yard's Flying Squad foiled an attempt by seven men to steal 40 million pounds in gold bullion and a similar quantity of cash from the Swissport warehouse at Heathrow on May 17, 2004. Alternative meanings: Scotland Yard (band), Scotland Yard board game New Scotland Yard, London New Scotland Yard, often referred to as simply Scotland Yard or The Yard, is the headquarters of the Metropolitan Police Service, responsible for policing Greater London (although not the City of London itself). ... The Flying Squad is a branch of Londons Metropolitan Police force. ... Inside Green Logistics Co. ... May 17 is the 137th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (138th in leap years). ... 2004 is a leap year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Heathrow today

Heathrow at present has four passenger terminals (numbered 1 to 4) and a cargo terminal. Permission for a fifth passenger terminal (Terminal 5) was granted in November 2001, and construction is now well underway. November is the eleventh month of the year in the Gregorian Calendar and one of four Gregorian months with the length of 30 days. ... 2001 is a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

As originally constructed, Heathrow had six runways, arranged in three pairs at different angles, with the passenger terminal in the centre. With growth in the required length for runways however Heathrow presently has just two parallel runways, running east-west and a third, seldom-used, crosswind landing runway, bearing 230 degrees. The Department for Transport has issued a 'consultation document' in which one option is the construction of a third parallel east-west runway for frequent use, involving the demolition of local residential areas. In the United Kingdom, the Department for Transport is the government department responsible for the transport network. ...

Overnight flights into Heathrow are currently restricted by government order, with preference for quieter airliners, but could be eliminated entirely if the government loses its appeal against a recent judgement by the European Court of Human Rights. The ECHR should not be mistaken for the European Court of Justice, an institution of the European Union for the resolution of disputes under EU law. ...

Heathrow is accessible via the nearby M4 motorway (terminals 1-3) and M25 motorway (terminals 4 and 5), from three stations on the London Underground Piccadilly Line, and two on the Heathrow Express line (which is considerably quicker and considerably more expensive; as of February 2003 trains leave every 15 minutes for a 15 minute journey costing £13-£15) directly to London's Paddington station. The M4 motorway is also a motorway in the Republic of Ireland, on the route from Dublin to Sligo. ... The M25 motorway looking south between junctions 14 and 15, near Heathrow Airport. ... Slight modifications to the famous London Underground roundel indicate the name of each station on platform and some outdoor signs. ... The Piccadilly Line is a line of the London Underground, coloured dark blue on the Tube map. ... Heathrow Express unit 332 008 at Paddington Station The Heathrow Express is a train service from Heathrow Airport to Paddington in central London operated by the Heathrow Express Operating Authority, a wholly-owned subsidiary of BAA. The service is not part of the National Rail system. ... 2003 is a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar, and also: The International Year of Freshwater The European Disability Year Events January events January 1 Luíz Inácio Lula Da Silva becomes the 37th President of Brazil. ... Paddington station or London Paddington is the name of a major railway station in the Paddington area of London, which is the London terminus for long distance trains to the West of England and South Wales and some West London commuter services. ...

The airport has been owned and operated by BAA since its privatization in 1987. In order to prevent monopoly profits, the amount BAA is allowed to charge airlines to land aeroplanes at Heathrow is heavily regulated by the Civil Aviation Authority. Until April 1, 2003, the annual increase of the cost of landing per passenger was capped at inflation minus 3%. This has meant that landing charges have been falling in absolute terms. The average landing cost per passenger was, at April 2003, £6.13, similar to landing charges at Gatwick and Stansted. In order to reflect the fact that Heathrow, as an international hub, is more popular with passengers and airlines, the CAA agreed that BAA will be allowed to increase landing charges at Heathrow by inflation plus 6.5% per year for the next five years. When Terminal 5 opens in 2008, landing charges are expected to be £8.23 per passenger. Landing fee restrictions at Gatwick and Stansted will remain tighter. 1987 is a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ... In economics, a monopoly (from the Greek monos, one + polein, to sell) is defined as a persistent market situation where there is only one provider of a kind of product or service. ... The Civil Aviation Authority (CAA) is the public corporation which oversees and regulates all aspects of aviation in the UK. It was established in 1972. ... April 1 is the 91st day of the year (92nd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar, with 274 days remaining. ... 2003 is a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Gatwick Airport (IATA Airport Code: LGW, ICAO Airport Code: EGKK) is Londons second airport and the second largest airport in the UK after Heathrow. ... Terminal building, designed by Sir Norman Foster Stansted Airport is a medium-sized passenger airport with a single runway, located in the English county of Essex about thirty miles north of London. ...

Whilst the cost of a landing slot is determined by the CAA and BAA, the allocation of landing slots at Heathrow to airlines is carried out by Airport Co-ordination Limited (ACL). ACL is an independent non-profit organisation whose slot allocation programme is governed by UK government and EU commission directives and the IATA Worldwide Scheduling Guidelines. The ACL is funded by ten British airlines, tourism operators as well as BAA who pay the ACL a fee for providing scheduling information. The apparent conflict between the need to provide an independent slot allocation service and serving the interests of the funding airlines is waved away by ACL, who state that The International Air Transport Association is an international trade organization of airlines headquarted in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. ... A tourist boat travels the River Seine in Paris, France Tourism can be defined as the act of travel for the purpose of recreation, and the provision of services for this act. ...

There have been calls from for the slot allocation process to be made a free market at Heathrow and elsewhere. (see e.g. Centre for Land Policy Studies [3] (http://www.landpolicy.co.uk/pdf/Ei14.pdf)). See also [4] (http://www.tutor2u.net/Case_Study_European_Airlines.pdf) for an account of the economics of the European Airline market. A free market is an idealized market, where all economic decisions and actions by individuals regarding transfer of money, goods, and services are voluntary, and are therefore devoid of coercion and theft (some definitions of coercion are inclusive of theft). Colloquially and loosely, a free market economy is an economy...

In addition, air traffic between Heathrow and the United States is strictly governed by the countries' bilateral Bermuda II treaty. The treaty originally allowed only British Airways, Pan Am, and TWA to fly from Heathrow to the US. In 1991, PAA and TWA sold their rights to United Airlines and American Airlines respectively, and Virgin Atlantic Airways was added to the list of airlines allowed to operate on these routes. In 2002, American Airlines and British Airways announced plans to coordinate the scheduling of their trans-Atlantic routes but plans were dropped after the American Department of Transportation made approval conditional on the granting of further access slots to Heathrow to other US airlines. AA and BA considered the slots too valuable and dropped the plans. [5] (http://money.cnn.com/2002/01/25/news/amr_ba/) The Bermuda bilateral agreement conflicts with the Right of Establishment of the United Kingdom in terms of its membership in the EU, and as a consequence the UK was ordered to drop the agreement by about 2004. British Airways is the largest airline of the United Kingdom. ... Missing image Pan American World Airways A Pan Am Clipper - Boeing 747 Pan American World Airways, commonly known as Pan Am, was the United States principal international airline from the 1930s until its collapse in 1991, and was credited with many innovations that shaped the international airline industry. ... The Twa are a pygmy people, of short stature, who were the oldest recorded inhabitants of an area in central Africa that now comprises the nations of Rwanda, Burundi, and the Democratic Republic of Congo. ... 1991 is a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... United Airlines Boeing 777 taking off at Schiphol, Amsterdam. ... Note: For the arenas named after this company, see American Airlines Arena (Miami, Florida), or American Airlines Center (Dallas, Texas). ... Virgin Atlantic Airways Ltd. ... 2002 is a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

Construction of Terminal Five

On 20 November 2001 transport minister Stephen Byers announced the British Government's decision to grant planning permission for the building of a fifth passenger terminal at Heathrow. The new terminal is being constructed within the current boundary of the airport, on its western side. It is due to open in 2008 and is expected to be fully-operational by 2015. When it is completed Heathrow will be able to handle up to 90 million passengers a year, up from its current limit of 65 million. November 20 is the 324th day of the year (325th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 2001 is a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Right Honourable Stephen John Byers (born April 13, 1953) is a British Labour Party politician and former cabinet minister. ... 2008 is a leap year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar There will be a United States Presidential Election this year; it will be the election of the fourty-fourth president of the United States. ... 2015 is a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

The granting of planning permission followed the longest public inquiry in British history, lasting nearly four years. BAA had made an initial application in 1993. The key factors considered by the inquiry panel were

BAA's application was vociferously supported by airlines flying out of Heathrow, in particular British Airways and British Midland. Wider interest business groups and trade unions supporting the proposal included the British Chamber of Commerce, the London Tourist Board, the Confederation of British Industry and the Transport and General Worker's Union. Supporters claim that further expansion of the airport is necessary to maintain Heathrow's current position as the pre-eminent hub in European aviation, ahead of other large airports such as Schiphol, Charles de Gaulle, and Frankfurt. In general usage, noise can be considered data without meaning; that is, data that is not being used to transmit a signal, but is simply produced as an unwanted by-product of other activities. ... The Air Quality Index (AQI) is a standardized index of the air quality in a given location, given in parts per billion. ... bmi Airbus A320 bmi Airbus A321 in an old, but still frequently seen, colour scheme bmi, (Airline Code: BD) formerly known as British Midland, is the second largest airline in the United Kingdom. ... Air Traffic Control Towers (ATCTs) at Schiphol Airport Schiphol (IATA:AMS, ICAO:EHAM) (municipality Haarlemmermeer) is the Netherlands main airport. ... Charles de Gaulle International Airport (French: A roport de Roissy-Charles de Gaulle), also known as Roissy Airport (or just Roissy in French), serving Paris, is one of Europes principal aviation centers, as well as Frances main international airport. ... Frankfurt International Airport (German: Flughafen Frankfurt am Main) is located in Frankfurt am Main, Germany. ...

Those opposing the plan cite environmental problems such as increased traffic congestion, air pollution and noise. They included the Friends of the Earth and 11 London borough councils, including the London Borough of Hillingdon in which Heathrow is situated. An environment is a complex of external factors that acts on a system and determines its course and form of existence. ... Traffic jams are common in heavily populated areas. ... Friends of the Earth is an international network of environmental organizations in 70 countries. ... The London Borough of Hillingdon is the westernmost London borough. ...

The transport network around Heathrow will be extended to cope with increased number of passengers. A spur motorway will run from the M25 between junctions 14 and 15 to the new terminal. Both the Heathrow Express and the Piccadilly Line of the London Underground will be extended and serve a new shared Heathrow Terminal 5 station. The M25 motorway looking south between junctions 14 and 15, near Heathrow Airport. ... Heathrow Express unit 332 008 at Paddington Station The Heathrow Express is a train service from Heathrow Airport to Paddington in central London operated by the Heathrow Express Operating Authority, a wholly-owned subsidiary of BAA. The service is not part of the National Rail system. ... The Piccadilly Line is a line of the London Underground, coloured dark blue on the Tube map. ... Slight modifications to the famous London Underground roundel indicate the name of each station on platform and some outdoor signs. ... Heathrow Terminal 5 station is a shared railway station currently under construction to serve Terminal 5, which is also under construction at London Heathrow Airport. ...

Further expansion

The major airlines at Heathrow, in particular British Airways, have long advocated a third full length runway at Heathrow in addition to terminal 5. British Airways is the largest airline of the United Kingdom. ...

Those opposing Terminal 5 similarly oppose a third runway. On December 14, 2003 Transport Secretary Alistair Darling released a white paper (available from [6] (http://www.dft.gov.uk/aviation/whitepaper/)) on the future of aviation in the United Kingdom. December 14 is the 348th day of the year (349th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar. ... 2003 is a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... The Secretary of State for Transport is the member of the cabinet responsible for the British Department for Transport. ... The Right Honourable Alistair Darling (born November 28, 1953) is a British politician for the Labour Party, and is Secretary of State for Transport and separately Secretary of State for Scotland. ... A white paper can be an authoritative report on a major issue, as by a team of experts; a government report outlining policy; or a short treatise whose purpose is to educate (contrast position paper) industry customers. ...

A key proposal of the paper was that a third runway would be built at Heathrow by 2020, provided that its owners meet targets on environmental issues such as aircraft noise, traffic congestion and pollution. Traffic jams are common in heavily populated areas. ... Pollution is the release of harmful environmental contaminants, or the substances so released. ...

It will involve the loss of Sipson and much of Harmondsworth, including the church and Tithe Barn. Sipson is a place in the London Borough of Hillingdon. ... Harmondsworth is a place in the London Borough of Hillingdon on the westside of London, England. ... A church building is a building used in Christian worship. ...

A sixth terminal is likely to accompany the new runway. The total capacity would be increased to 115 million passengers per year. At this stage firm locations and timetables have not been determined.

When T5 is handed over to BAA in March 2008 over £4bn will have been spent and 20,000 people will have worked on the project in one way or another. Work will continue on the second of 2 satellite terminals or concourses, which will be linked to the main terminal by an underground tracked transit system (TTS).

In 2005, Terminal 5 is the largest construction project currently taking place in Europe, expenditure will peak this summer at £12m per week. Owned by BAA, a PLC, none of the cost comes from the taxpayer. BAA may stand for British Airports Authority the former name of what is now BAA plc British Astronomical Association Baa may be an onomatopoeia for the throaty sound commonly made by sheep. ...

As well as the terminal buildings there are other developments under construction as part of the T5 project which include a multi-storey carpark, a hotel, an energy centre, underground road tunnels, tunnelled extensions to the Piccadilly Line and the Heathrow Express and a spur from the M4]]. The Piccadilly Line is a line of the London Underground, coloured dark blue on the Tube map. ... Heathrow Express unit 332 008 at Paddington Station The Heathrow Express is a train service from Heathrow Airport to Paddington in central London operated by the Heathrow Express Operating Authority, a wholly-owned subsidiary of BAA. The service is not part of the National Rail system. ...

The terminal buildings have been designed by Richard Rogers Partnership and the lead project architects are Pascall + Watson, who specialise in airports and transport facilities.

The 4-storeys of the main terminal building (Concourse A) are covered by a single-span undulating st[[eel frame roof, reaching 90m from east to west. Departing passengers will enter Departures level (on the 3rd floor) after taking one of the lifts or escalators from the interchange plaza. Upon entering the Departures concourse, passengers will see views across the Heathrow area and be in a space unobstructed to the rising roof above.

After check-in and ticket presentation, the airside lounges will provide views across the tarmac and the runways beyond. There will be the abundance of retail outlets.

Terminal 5 will have dedicated aircraft stands for the new Airbus A380 in the 1st satellite terminal (Concourse B) which opens alongside the main terminal.

Heathrow's landing patterns

Main article: Bovingdon stack The Bovingdon stack is a section of airspace to the north west of London where inbound planes to London Heathrow Airport, which is 20 miles (30 km) to the south, are held. ...

Bovingdon stack is the holding area to the north west of London where some inbound planes are held in a spiral pattern generally between four and thirteen thousand feet. Other holds serving Heathrow are at Lambourne in Essex, Biggin Hill in Bromley Borough and Ockham in Surrey. These lie respectively to the north east, south east and south west of London's built-up area. Whilst in such a holding pattern an airliner will typically range up to about 6 nautical miles from the reference radio beacon and all will fly in a standardised published direction across that fixed beacon prior to commencing the next circuit at a flight level given by air traffic control. Essex is a county in the East of England. ... Bromley is the main town in the London Borough of Bromley. ... Surrey is a county in southern England, one of the Home Counties. ... Air Traffic Control Towers (ATCTs) at Schiphol Airport Air traffic control (ATC) services are provided by ground based controllers responsible for directing aircraft on the ground and in the air to ensure safe and efficient traffic flow is maintained. ...

Extreme skill is required to harmonise the aircraft departing from the four stacks in terms of speed, and to guide their pilots through concise radio commands, onto the glidepath to a single runway at suitable and safe intervals, typically no less than 4 nautical miles. The parallel runway is normally assigned to departing aircraft. To reduce noise nuisance to people beneath the glideslope or departure routes, the role of each runway is normally alternated at a set time each day when the wind is from the west. Conventionally at Heathrow this runway alternation time is 15:00hrs local.

Heathrow in culture

The airport is a regular backdrop for movies. In 2003 it was particularly visible in the Richard Curtis romantic comedy Love Actually. A secret camera installed at the arrivals hall at Terminal 4 captured the reunions between people coming off planes and those meeting them. Snippets of some of the more expressive greetings were played at the beginning and end of the movie. Heathrow is also the set of the BBC/Discovery Wings show Airport. Richard Curtis (born November 8, 1956), a British comedy scriptwriter, is best known for the TV series Blackadder and The Vicar of Dibley and the movies Four Weddings and a Funeral and Notting Hill. ... Romantic comedy films are a sub-genre of comedy films as well as of romance films. ... Movie poster for Love Actually Love Actually is a romantic comedy film first released in cinemas in October and November 2003. ...

Terminal 1

Aer Lingus is the national airline of Ireland. ... Air Seychelles (IATA: HM, ICAO: SEY, and Callsign: Seychelles) is the national airline of Seychelles, an island nation in the Indian Ocean just to the east of Tanzania. ... bmi Airbus A320 bmi Airbus A321 in an old, but still frequently seen, colour scheme bmi, (Airline Code: BD) formerly known as British Midland, is the second largest airline in the United Kingdom. ... British Airways is the largest airline of the United Kingdom. ... British Airways is the largest airline of the United Kingdom. ... GB Airways is an airline, and uncer a franchise agreement with British Airways. ... Cyprus Airways Airbus A320-200 Cyprus Airways is the national airline of Cyprus, operating flights from Larnaca and Paphos. ... Categories: Airline stubs | Companies of Israel | Transportation in Israel | Airlines of Israel ... Finnair McDonnell Douglas MD-11 Finnair A320-200 Finnair is Finlands biggest airline and the national flag carrier. ... LOT (Polskie Linie Lotnicze) is an airline based in Poland. ... South African Airways (SAA), known simply as South African on their aircraft colour scheme, is South Africas largest domestic and international airline company. ...

Terminal 2

class="preview" id="pv211"> Aeroflot — Russian Airlines (Russian:Аэрофло́т — Росси́йские авиали́нии), or Aeroflot (Аэрофло́т), is the Russian national airline and is the biggest carrier in Russia. ... Categories: Airlines of Algeria | Airline stubs ... Air Astana is a scheduled international and domestic airline with bases at Astana and Almaty in Kazakhstan. ... Air France Boeing 747 Air France (Compagnie Nationale Air France) is a subsidiary of Air France-KLM. Before the take-over of KLM, it was essentially the national airline of France, employing over 64,000 people. ... Alitalia - Linee Aeree Italiane is the national Italian airline company, part of the Alitalia Group. ... Austrian Airlines Airbus A320. ... bmi Airbus A320 bmi Airbus A321 in an old, but still frequently seen, colour scheme bmi, (Airline Code: BD) formerly known as British Midland, is the second largest airline in the United Kingdom. ... China Eastern Airlines Corporation Limited (中国东方航空股份有限公司) is an airline based in Shanghai, China. ... Croatia Airlines is the flag carrier of Croatia. ... CSA Czech Airlines (in Czech: České aerolinie (or Czech Airlines) is the Czech national airline company. ... Helios Airways is an airline operating scheduled and charter flights from Larnaca and Paphos in Cyprus. ... Iberia Airlines of Spain (IATA: IB, ICAO: IBE, and Callsign: Iberia), often shortened to Iberia, is the name of the national airline of Spain. ... Icelandair Boeing 757. ... Jat Airways is the national carrier of Serbia and Montenegro, former national carrier of Yugoslavia, and the sixteenth-oldest airline in Europe. ... Libyan Arab Airlines (in Arabic: الخطوط الجوية العربية الليبية) is the national airline of Libya. ... Lufthansa Boeing 737-300 Lufthansa Airbus A300-B4 Lufthansa Avro RJ85 Lufthansa (Deutsche Lufthansa AG) is the largest German airline company, headquartered in Cologne. ... Luxair (Luxair Société Luxembourgeoise de Navigation Aérienne SA) is the national airline of the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg. ... Malév Hungarian Airlines, a translation of the Hungarian Magyar Légiközlekedési Vállalat, is the national airline of Hungary. ... Olympic Airlines (Ολυμπιακές Αερογραμμές - O.A.) is the state-run flag carrier of Greece. ... Pulkovo Airport (Аэропорт Пулково in Russian) ( IATA Airport Code: LED / ICAO Airport Code : ULLI) is located 16 km south of St Petersburg, Russia. ... Categories: Stub | Airlines of Africa ... Swiss International Air Lines Airbus A321 Swiss International Air Lines was formed before the 2001 bankruptcy of Swissair, Switzerlands former flag carrier. ... Syrian Boeing 747SP Syrian Arab Airlines (alternative name Syrianair) is the national flag-carrier airline of Syria. ... Categories: Organization stubs | Airlines of Portugal ... Tarom is the national airline of Romania, with its main base at Otopeni Airport, Bucharest. ... Tunisair Airbus A320-200 Tunisias national airline TUNISAIR was created in 1948. ... Uzbekistan Airways Boeing 757-200 Uzbekistan Airways is the state airline of Uzbekistan. ... Virgin Atlantic Airways Ltd. ... Yemenia - Yemen Airways is the national airline of Yemen, based in Sanaa. ...

Terminal 3

Air Baltic, sometimes rendered airBaltic, is the national airline of Latvia. ... Air Canada, (IATA: AC, ICAO: ACA, and Callsign: Air Canada) is owned by ACE Aviation Holdings Inc. ... Air China (Chinese: 中国国际航空公司, Zhōngguó Guójì Hángkōng Gōngsī, literally Chinese International Aviation Company, abbreviated 国航) is the Peoples Republic of Chinas state owned and largest commercial airline (not to be confused with China Airlines, which is the Republic of China (Taiwan)s state airline), and the only airline... Air India (Hindi: एअर इंडिया) is the national flag carrier of India. ... Air Jamaica is an airline based in Kingston, Jamaica. ... Air Mauritius is the national airline of the island of Mauritius. ... Air New Zealand is a major scheduled passenger airline based in New Zealand. ... ANA Boeing 747-481 All Nippon Airways (全日空 Zennikkū or 全日本空輸 Zen-nippon kūyu) (TYO: 9202) is an airline headquartered in Tokyo, Japan. ... Note: For the arenas named after this company, see American Airlines Arena (Miami, Florida), or American Airlines Center (Dallas, Texas). ... Biman Bangladesh is the national airline of Bangladesh. ... British Airways is the largest airline of the United Kingdom. ... BWIA West Indies Airways, called Bwee by locals, is the national airline of Trinidad and Tobago. ... Cathay Pacific Airways Limited (國泰航空有限公司 Pinyin (in Mandarin Chinese):Guótài Hángkōng Yŏuxiàn Gōngsī, abbreviated 國泰) (HKSE: 0293) is an Asian commercial airline based in Hong Kong. ... EgyptAir is the national airline of Egypt and is owned by the Egyptian government. ... Emirates are Islamic territories ruled by Emirs (q. ... Etihad Airways Airbus A330-200 Etihad Airways is a national airline of Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. ... Ethiopian Airlines is the national airline of Ethiopia. ... EVA Air (長榮航空 Changrong Hangkong) is an airline based at Chiang Kai-Shek International Airport in Taoyuan, Republic of China (Taiwan), near Taipei. ... Ghana Airways is an airline based in Accra, Ghanas Kotoka International Airport. ... Gulf Air is the national carrier of Bahrain, Oman, and Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. ... An Iranair Boeing 747-100 lands over the houses at London (Heathrow) Airport IRAN AIR is the national and international airline of Iran. ... JAL Boeing 747-400 Japan Airlines (Japanese: 日本航空 Nihon Kōkū, or JAL) is the largest airline in Japan. ... Korean Air Boeing 747 Korean Air (KSE: 003490) is the largest airline based in Korea. ... Kuwait Airways logo Kuwait Airways is Kuwaits national and international airline. ... Malaysia Airlines (Malaysia Airline System Berhad) is the national airline of Malaysia, serving international and domestic destinations. ... This article needs cleanup. ... Pakistan International Airlines (also known as PIA), is Pakistans national and international airline. ... Qatar Airways is one of the top 3 airlines in the world for comfort and service. ... Royal Brunei Airlines Boeing 767-300 Royal Brunei Airlines is the international airline of the Sultanate of Brunei. ... Royal Jordanian started operations in 1963 after a decree by His Royal Highness the late King Hussein. ... Scandinavian Airlines System, now SAS AB, is an airline based in Stockholm, Sweden. ... Saudi Arabian Airlines (also known as Saudia) is Saudi Arabias domestic and international airline, and one of the largest airlines of the Middle East. ... Singapore Airlines (abbreviated SIA) is the national airline of Singapore. ... Thai Airways aircraft at Bangkok International Airport Thai Airways Boeing 747-400 Thai Airways International (Thai : การบินไทย) is the national air carrier of Thailand. ... Turkish Airlines (Turkish Türk Hava Yolları) (THY) is an airline based in Istanbul, Turkey. ... Turkmenistan Airlines Ilyushin 76 Turkmenistan Airlines is the national airline of Turkmenistan. ... United Airlines Boeing 777 taking off at Schiphol, Amsterdam. ... Varig (Varig Brazilian Airlines) also known as Viação Aérea RIo-Grandense SA, is Brazils leading international airline, followed by TAM. Varig uses the IATA designator RG. The airline flies the Boeing 737, Boeing 757, Boeing 767, Boeing 777 and MD-11. ... Virgin Atlantic Airways Ltd. ...

Terminal 4

Air Malta is the national airline of the small island country of Malta, in the Mediterranean Sea. ... Asiana Airlines (KOSDAQ: 020560) is one of south Koreas two major airlines. ... British Airways is the largest airline of the United Kingdom. ... British Airways is the largest airline of the United Kingdom. ... British Mediterranean Airways, trading as BMED, is a wholly independent airline operating under a franchise agreement with British Airways. ... Kenya Airways Boeing 767 Kenya Airways is the national airline of the Republic of Kenya in East Africa. ... KLM (in full: Koninklijke Luchtvaart Maatschappij, literally Royal Aviation Company; usual English: Royal Dutch Airlines) is a subsidiary of Air France-KLM. Before its (agreed) take-over by Air France, KLM was the national airline of the Netherlands. ... Qantas (pronounced Kwon-tus) (ASX: QAN) is Australias oldest and largest airline, and the worlds second oldest airline after KLM. (IATA: QF, ICAO: QFA, and Callsign: Qantas) It is often considered to be the worlds safest airline. ... SN Brussels Airlines Avro RJ85 Since the bankruptcy of Sabena, SN Brussels Airlines (SNBA) is the new Belgian airline operating from Brussels International Airport. ... Categories: Airline stubs | Airlines of Asia ...

External Links

Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... The Wikimedia Commons (also called Commons or Wikicommons) is a repository of free images, sound and other multimedia files. ...

Categories: Airports of England | Airports of the London region | Hillingdon This is a simple alphabetical list of UK airfields and their ICAO codes (4 character) and IATA codes, if they have one. ... London City Airport is a single-runway STOLPORT situated in East London in the London Borough of Newham developed by the private engineering company Mowlem in 1986/87. ... Gatwick Airport (IATA Airport Code: LGW, ICAO Airport Code: EGKK) is Londons second airport and the second largest airport in the UK after Heathrow. ... London Luton Airport (IATA Airport Code LTN, ICAO Airport Code EGGW, previously called Luton International Airport) is an airport about 30 miles to the north-west of London in the town of Luton, Bedfordshire. ... Terminal building, designed by Sir Norman Foster Stansted Airport is a medium-sized passenger airport with a single runway, located in the English county of Essex about thirty miles north of London. ... A Flightline BAe 146 aircraft lands at London (Heathrow) Airport in July 2004. ... Birmingham International Airport is a major airport located on the border of the city of Birmingham and borough of Solihull (and mostly in the latter) in the West Midlands, England. ... The passenger terminal at Bristol International Airport. ... Durham Tees Valley Airport (IATA airport code: MME, ICAO airport code: EGNV) is located six miles east of Darlington, in North East England. ... Exeter International Airport is an airport in the county of Devon, in England. ... Kent International Airport (IATA airport code: MSE) is an airport, formerly a Royal Air Force airbase (RAF Manston), in Kent, England. ... Leeds Bradford International Airport (IATA airport code: LBA, ICAO airport code: EGNM) is located between the cities of Leeds and Bradford in West Yorkshire, England. ... Liverpool John Lennon Airport (IATA Airport Code LPL) is a fairly small-sized aviation facility in Liverpool, England. ... Manchester International Airport (IATA airport code: MAN, ICAO airport code: EGCC) is an airport in Manchester, England. ... Newcastle International Airport is the 9th largest airport in the United Kingdom. ... Norwich International Airport, (IATA airport code: NWI, ICAO airport code: EGSH, also just Norwich Airport) is an airport about 5km (3 miles) from the city of Norwich, Norfolk. ... Nottingham East Midlands Airport (IATA airport code: EMA, ICAO airport code: EGNX) is an airport in the East Midlands of England, near Castle Donington. ... Southampton Airport is the 20th largest airport in the UK, located in Eastleigh near Southampton. ... Robin Hood Airport Doncaster Sheffield is a new international airport located at the former RAF Finningley base in Finningley, South Yorkshire. ... Humberside Airport is situated in North Lincolnshire, England, 10 miles west of Grimsby and 15 miles south of Kingston Upon Hull, England. ... Plymouth City Airport is an airport in the City of Plymouth, Devon, in England. ... Aberdeen Airport is the fourth largest international airport in Scotland, and number 9 in the UK. Its IATA Airport Code is ABZ. Aberdeen Airport is owned by BAA plc, the company that also owns London Heathrow Airport, London Gatwick Airport, London Stansted Airport, Edinburgh Airport, Glasgow International Airport and Southampton... Edinburgh Airport, (also called Turnhouse) located in Edinburgh, Scotland, is the sixth largest international airport in the UK. Its IATA Airport Code is EDI. It is located 13 km (8 miles) West of the city centre. ... Glasgow International Airport (sometimes referred to as Glasgow Abbotsinch International Airport), located 13 km (8 miles) west of Glasgow, near the towns of Paisley and Renfrew, is the largest international airport in Scotland, and number five in the UK. Its IATA Airport Code is GLA, while its ICAO airport code... Glasgow Prestwick International Airport (IATA Airport Code: PIK, ICAO code: EGPK) is a facility situated north of the town of Prestwick in Ayrshire, Scotland. ... Cambeltown Airport is owned by the Highlands and Islands Airports Limited, a company under the control of the Scottish Executive. ... Map sources for Dundee Airport at grid reference NO377295 Dundee Airport is located 3km west of the centre of Dundee. ... Inverness Airport is situated 10 miles east of the city of Inverness in the Scottish Highlands. ... Islay Airport, located in the island of Islay in the Inner Hebrides, off the West Coast of Scotland is a small rural airport owned and maintained by Highlands and Islands Airports. ... Stornoway Airport is an airfield outside the town of Stornoway on the Isle of Lewis, off the coast of Scotland. ... Cardiff International Airport serves the city of Cardiff and its environs, but is also important for the whole of South Wales. ... Swansea Airport is a minor airport located in Fairwood Common, Gower, west of Swansea. ... Belfast City Airport (IATA Airport Code: BHD) is an airport in Belfast, Northern Ireland. ... Belfast International Airport is an airport in Belfast, Northern Ireland, United Kingdom also known as Aldergrove, the village to the south west of the site. ... City of Derry Airport (IATA airport code LDY; ICAO airport code EGAE) near Lough Foyle is seven miles north east of the city of Londonderry in Northern Ireland. ...

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