NationMaster - Encyclopedia: London Millennium Bridge

The London Millennium Footbridge is a pedestrian-only steel suspension bridge crossing the River Thames in London between the existing Southwark Bridge and Blackfriars Bridge, linking Bankside with the City. It was the first new bridge across the Thames in London since Tower Bridge in 1894 and it is owned and maintained by Bridge House Estates, a charitable trust overseen by the Corporation of London. ImageMetadata File history File links Download high resolution version (2058x1501, 494 KB) The bridge seen from the Tate Modern. ... ImageMetadata File history File links Download high resolution version (2058x1501, 494 KB) The bridge seen from the Tate Modern. ... Download high resolution version (1394x1024, 239 KB)The London Millennium Bridge with by St. ... Download high resolution version (1394x1024, 239 KB)The London Millennium Bridge with by St. ... St Pauls Cathedral is a cathedral on Ludgate Hill, in the City of London, and the seat of the Bishop of London. ... London Millennium Bridge - from north - shallow profile - 240404. ... London Millennium Bridge - from north - shallow profile - 240404. ... London Millennium Bridge - Damper beneath deck, north side - 240404. ... London Millennium Bridge - Damper beneath deck, north side - 240404. ... The London Millenium Bridge and St. ... The London Millenium Bridge and St. ... Part of the bridge, seen from the north bank of the Thames. ... Part of the bridge, seen from the north bank of the Thames. ... Southwark Bridge Southwark Bridge is a road-bridge linking Southwark and the City across the River Thames, in London. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1280x1024, 340 KB)I took this shot in the beginning of August 2005, looking north approximatly half way accross the Millennium Bridge. ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1280x1024, 340 KB)I took this shot in the beginning of August 2005, looking north approximatly half way accross the Millennium Bridge. ... St Pauls Cathedral is a cathedral on Ludgate Hill, in the City of London, and the seat of the Bishop of London. ... ImageMetadata File history File links Download high resolution version (2000x1455, 620 KB) Crossing the Millennium Bridge, looking towards the Tate Modern gallery. ... ImageMetadata File history File links Download high resolution version (2000x1455, 620 KB) Crossing the Millennium Bridge, looking towards the Tate Modern gallery. ... Jump to: navigation, search A suspension bridge is a type of bridge that has been made since ancient times. ... Jump to: navigation, search The Thames (pronounced /temz/) is a river flowing through southern England and connecting London with the sea. ... London is the capital city of the United Kingdom and of England. ... Southwark Bridge Southwark Bridge is a road-bridge linking Southwark and the City across the River Thames, in London. ... Blackfriars Bridge is a road and foot traffic bridge over the River Thames in London, between Waterloo Bridge and Blackfriars Railway Bridge. ... Bankside is an area in Southwark, London, on the southern bank of the River Thames. ... Jump to: navigation, search The eastern side of the City of London viewed from St. ... Jump to: navigation, search Tower Bridge Sequence showing the bridge opening Tower Bridge in its river setting, looking east from the viewing platform of The Monument. ... Bridge House Estates is a trust in London. ... Arms of the City of London as shown on Blackfriars station. ...

The south end of the bridge is near Globe Theatre, the Bankside Gallery and Tate Modern, the north end next to the City of London School below St Paul's Cathedral. The bridge alignment is such that a clear view of St Paul's south facade is presented from across the river, framed by the bridge supports, thus providing one of London's most photogenic views of the cathedral. Jump to: navigation, search This article is about the Globe Theatre of Shakespeare, both the original and its modern reconstruction. ... The Bankside Gallery is an art gallery in Bankside, South London. ... Jump to: navigation, search Tate Modern from the Millennium Bridge Tate Modern from St Pauls Cathedral. ... Jump to: navigation, search Arms of the City of London and City of London School The City of London School is an independent boys school on the banks of the River Thames in the City of London in London, England. ... St Pauls Cathedral is a cathedral on Ludgate Hill, in the City of London, and the seat of the Bishop of London. ...

History

The design of the bridge was decided by a competition organised in 1996 by Southwark council. The winning entry was a innovative "blade of light" effort from Arup, Foster and Partners and Sir Anthony Caro. Due to height restrictions, and to improve the view, the bridge's suspension design had the supporting cables below the deck level, giving a very shallow profile. The bridge has two river piers and is made of three main sections of 81m, 144m and 108m (North to South) with a total structure length of 325m; the aluminium deck is 4m wide. Template:Neutrality Arup is a leading global firm providing engineering, design, planning and project management services in all areas of the built environment. ... Willis Faber and Dumas Headquarters, Ipswich, was one of Fosters earliest commissions after founding Foster Associates. ... Sir Anthony Caro (born 8 March 1924) is an English, abstract sculptor whose work is characterised by assemblies of metal using found industrial objects. ...

Construction began in late 1998 with the main works beginning on April 28, 1999 by Monberg Thorsen and McAlpine. The bridge was completed at a cost of £18.2m (£2.2m over budget) and opened on June 10, 2000 (2 months late) but unexpected lateral vibration (resonant structural response) caused the bridge to be closed on June 12 for modifications. The movements were produced by the sheer numbers of pedestrians (90,000 users in the first day, with up to 2,000 on the bridge at any one time). The bridge was on the route of a major charity walk and it was an exceptionally fine day. The initial small vibrations encouraged (or even obliged) the users to walk in synchronisation with the sway, increasing the effect even when the bridge was comparatively lightly loaded at the beginning of the day. This swaying motion earned it the nickname the Wobbly Bridge. Jump to: navigation, search 1998(MCMXCVIII) is a common year starting on Thursday of the Gregorian calendar, and was designated the International Year of the Ocean. ... Jump to: navigation, search April 28 is the 118th day of the year (119th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 247 days remaining. ... Jump to: navigation, search 1999(MCMXCIX) is a common year starting on Friday Anno Domini (or the Current Era), and was designated the International Year of Older Persons by the United Nations. ... Jump to: navigation, search June 10 is the 161st day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (162nd in leap years), with 204 days remaining. ... Jump to: navigation, search This article is about the year 2000. ... Jump to: navigation, search June 12 is the 163rd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (164th in leap years), with 202 days remaining. ...

Resonant vibrational modes have been well understood in bridge designs following the failure of the Tacoma Narrows Bridge. However this was the first time a bridge had displayed this type of pedestrian excited lateral motion. As such the motion was not anticipated by the computational analysis of the bridge prior to construction. It is often thought that the unusually low profile of the suspension cables contributed to the problem, but an analysis by the structural engineer, Arup, shows that it can occur in any suspension bridge which happens to have the appropriate resonant frequencies. After extensive analysis, the problem was fixed by the retrofitting of 37 fluid-viscous dampers (energy dissipating) to control horizontal movement and 52 tuned mass dampers (inertial) to control vertical movement. This took from May 2001 to January 2002 and cost £5m. After a period of testing the bridge was successfully re-opened on February 22, 2002. In physics, resonance is the tendency of a system to absorb more oscillatory energy when the frequency of the oscillations matches the systems natural frequency of vibration (its resonant frequency) than it does at other frequencies. ... Jump to: navigation, search Tacoma Narrows Bridge Collapsing The Tacoma Narrows Bridge is a mile-long (1600 meter) suspension bridge with a main span of 2800 ft/850 m (the third-largest in the world when it was first built) that carries Washington State Route 16 across the Tacoma Narrows... Tuned mass dampers are typically huge concrete blocks mounted in skyscrapers and moved in opposition to the resonant frequency of the structure, by means of springs or gravity. ... Jump to: navigation, search 2001: A Space Odyssey. ... Jump to: navigation, search 2002(MMII) is a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Jump to: navigation, search February 22 is the 53rd day of every year in the Gregorian Calendar. ... Jump to: navigation, search 2002(MMII) is a common year starting on Tuesday of the Gregorian calendar. ...

References

External links

Categories: Bridges and tunnels in London | Suspension bridges | Bridges completed in 2000 | City of London | Southwark | Visitor attractions in London Multimap. ... Chelsea Bridge, London Chelsea Bridge is a self-anchored suspension bridge for road and foot traffic running north-south over the River Thames in London, between Grosvenor Bridge and the Albert Bridge. ... Grosvenor Bridge with Battersea Power Station in the background Grosvenor Bridge, often alternatively called Victoria Railway Bridge, is a railway bridge over the River Thames in London, between Vauxhall Bridge and Chelsea Bridge. ... Vauxhall Bridge with MI6 building in background Vauxhall Bridge is a steel arched bridge for road and foot traffic, crossing the River Thames in a north-west south-east orientation, between Lambeth Bridge and Grosvenor Bridge, in central London. ... Lambeth Bridge is a road traffic and foot bridge crossing the River Thames in an east-west direction in central London; the river flows north at the crossing point. ... Westminster Bridge and the Houses of Parliament, with a glimpse of Westminster Abbey behind the tower of Big Ben. ... Hungerford Bridge is a bridge (or triplet of bridges) over the River Thames in London, between Waterloo Bridge and Westminster Bridge. ... View of the old Waterloo Bridge from Whitehall stairs, John Constable, 18 June 1817 Waterloo Bridge. ... Blackfriars Bridge is a road and foot traffic bridge over the River Thames in London, between Waterloo Bridge and Blackfriars Railway Bridge. ... Blackfriars Railway Bridge, London, with remains of old bridge in foreground Blackfriars Railway Bridge is a railway bridge crossing the River Thames in London, between Blackfriars Bridge and the Millennium Bridge. ... Southwark Bridge Southwark Bridge is a road-bridge linking Southwark and the City across the River Thames, in London. ... Cannon Street Railway Bridge Cannon Street Railway Bridge is a bridge in central London, crossing the River Thames. ... Jump to: navigation, search The current London Bridge, viewed from the south-west London Bridge is a bridge over the River Thames, between the City of London and Southwark. ... Jump to: navigation, search Tower Bridge Sequence showing the bridge opening Tower Bridge in its river setting, looking east from the viewing platform of The Monument. ... Jump to: navigation, search This is a list of crossings of the River Thames, downstream first, including bridges, tunnels and ferries. ... Bridges in the United Kingdom is a link page for any bridge in the United Kingdom. ...