A Lone Wolf (Lone-wolf activist to proponents, Lone-wolf terrorist to opponents) is someone who commits violent acts in support of some group, movement, or ideology, but does so alone, outside of any command structure. Terrorist redirects here. ... A Lone Wolf is a wolf that lives by itself rather than in a pack. ... Terrorist redirects here. ... Few words are as politically or emotionally chared States Army|US Army]][1] counted 109 definitions of terrorism that covered a total of 22 different definitional elements. ... Bold text Although there are earlier related examples, the history of terrorism in the modern sense seems to have emerged around the mid 19th-century. ... International conventions on terrorism set out obligations of states in respect to defining international counter terrorist offences, prosecuting individuals suspected of such offences, extraditing such persons upon request, and providing mutual legal assistance upon request. ... Anti-terrorism legislation designs all types of laws passed in the purported aim of fighting terrorism. ... Counter-terrorism refers to the practices, tactics, and strategies that governments, militaries, and other groups adopt in order to fight terrorism. ... This article is about U.S. actions, and those of other states, after September 11, 2001. ... For other uses, see Red Terror (disambiguation). ... It has been suggested that The White Terror (France) be merged into this article or section. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged with List of terrorist organizations. ... The following is a timeline of acts and failed attempts that can be considered non-state terrorism. ... Communist terrorism is terrorism carried out in the name of furthering Communist goals or teachings. ... Eco-terrorism is defined by the Federal Bureau of Investigations Domestic Terrorism Section as the use or threatened use of violence of a criminal nature against innocent victims or property by an environmentally-oriented, subnational group for environmental-political reasons, or aimed at an audience beyond the target, often... Narcoterrorism is a term coined by former President Fernando Belaúnde Terry of Peru in 1983 when describing terrorist-type attacks against his nations anti-narcotics police. ... Nationalist terrorism is a form of terrorism through which participants attempt to form an independent state against what they consider an occupying, imperial, or otherwise illegitimate state. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Terrorism. ... 15:40, 25 January 2007 (UTC)168. ... Religious terrorism refers to terrorism justified or motivated by religion and is a form of religious violence. ... The Ku Klux Klan with a fiery cross Christian terrorism is a form of militant extremism that attempts to spread fear and terror, to perpetrate ideological goals, through violent attacks against civilian populations. ... This article contains information that has not been verified and thus might not be reliable. ... Religious terrorism refers to terrorism justified or motivated by religion and is a form of religious violence. ... This article or section may contain original research or unverified claims. ... The definitions of state-sponsored terrorism, terrorism, and state terrorism are controversial. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... The term Agro-terrorism is a controversial neologism used to describe threats by a terrorist act on the food chain. ... For the use of biological agents in warfare, see Biological warfare. ... For other uses, see Car bomb (disambiguation). ... Environmental terrorism is the unlawful destruction of resources in order to deprive others of its use. ... Hijackers inside flightdeck of TWA Flight 847 Aircraft hijacking (also known as skyjacking and aircraft piracy) is the take-over of an aircraft, by a person or group, usually armed. ... Nuclear terrorism denotes the use of nuclear weapons, radiological weapons (dirty bombs), or attacks against local facilities that handle nuclear material with mass destruction in mind. ... Propaganda of the deed (or propaganda by the deed, from the French propagande par le fait) is a concept of anarchist origin, which appeared towards the end of the 19th century, that promoted terrorism against political enemies as a way of inspiring the masses and catalyzing revolution. ... The Proxy Bomb (also known as a human bomb) was a tactic used by the Provisional IRA for a short time in 1990s, whereby people were forced to drive car bombs into military targets. ... A suicide attack is an attack on a military or civilian target, in which an attacker intends to kill others, and knows that they will either certainly or most likely die in the process (see suicide). ... A terrorist front organization is created to conceal activities or provide logistical or financial support to the illegal activities. ...

Origins of the term

Logo used by Alex Curtis to promote "lone wolf activism"

According to the Anti-Defamation League, the term "lone wolf" was popularized by white supremacists Alex Curtis and Tom Metzger in the late 1990s: Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... Image File history File links No higher resolution available. ... The Anti-Defamation League (or ADL) is an advocacy group founded by Bnai Brith in the United States whose stated aim is to stop, by appeals to reason and conscience and, if necessary, by appeals to law, the defamation of the Jewish people. ... White supremacy is the variety of white nationalism that believes the white race should rule over other races. ... This article does not cite any references or sources. ... For the band, see 1990s (band). ...

[On Curtis:] Curtis encouraged fellow racists to act alone in committing violent crimes so that they would not incriminate others. He called for the elimination of nonwhites by "whatever means necessary" and promoted assassination, illegal drug sales and biological warfare as useful strategies. He popularized the so-called "5 words" - "I have nothing to say"- which he urged extremists to use whenever questioned by police as a highly effective means of obstructing prosecution. ^[1] This box:      Racism has many definitions, the most common and widely accepted is that members of one race are intrinsically superior or inferior to members of other races. ... For the use of biological agents by terrorists, see bioterrorism. ...

[On Metzger:] One of the most influential aspects of Metzger's right-wing activism has been his advocacy of the "lone wolf " or "leaderless resistance" model of extremism, which favors individual or small-cell underground activity, as opposed to above-ground membership organizations. ^[2] Leaderless resistance (or phantom cell structure) is a political resistance strategy in which small, independent groups (covert cells) challenge an established adversary such as a government. ... Extremism is a term used to describe the actions or ideologies of individuals or groups outside the perceived political center of a society; or otherwise claimed to violate common standards of ethics and reciprocity. ...

Current Usage

The term "lone wolf" was subsequently adopted by US law enforcement agencies, and media to refer to individuals following this strategy. The FBI and the San Diego Police operation to investigate Curtis' activities was named Operation Lone Wolf, "largely due to Curtis' encouragement of other white supremacists to follow what Curtis refers to as 'lone wolf' activism" ^[3] Currently, the term lone-wolf terrorism now refers to any acts that take place outside a command structure, regardless of ideology. A law enforcement agency (LEA) is a term used to describe any agency which enforces the law. ... The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) is a federal criminal investigative, intelligence agency, and the primary investigative arm of the United States Department of Justice (DOJ). ... Flag Seal Nickname: Americas Finest City Location Location of San Diego within San Diego County Coordinates , Government County San Diego Mayor City Attorney         City Council District One District Two District Three District Four District Five District Six District Seven District Eight Jerry Sanders (R) Michael Aguirre Scott Peters Kevin...

Usually, the "lone-wolf" terrorist shares an ideological or philosophical identification with an extremist group, but does not communicate with the group he or she identifies with. While the "lone wolf's" actions are motivated to advance the group's goal, the tactics and methods are completely conceived and directed by the "lone wolf" without any outside command or direction. In many cases, as in the tactic as envisioned by Curtis, the "lone wolf" never even has any personal contact with a larger group. Because of this, lone-wolf terrorism poses a particular problem for counter-terrorism officials, as it is considerably more difficult to gather intelligence on compared to conventional terrorism. Counter-terrorism refers to the practices, tactics, and strategies that governments, militaries, and other groups adopt in order to fight terrorism. ...

In the United States, "lone wolves" may present a greater threat than organized groups. According to the Christian Science Monitor, "With the exception of the attacks on the World Trade Center ... the major terrorists attacks in the United States have been perpetrated by deranged individuals who were sympathetic to a larger cause - from Oklahoma City bomber Timothy McVeigh to the Washington area sniper John Allen Muhammad"^[4] The Christian Science Monitor (CSM) is an international newspaper published daily, Monday through Friday. ... A sequential look at United Flight 175 crashing into the south tower of the World Trade Center The September 11, 2001 attacks (often referred to as 9/11—pronounced nine eleven or nine one one) consisted of a series of coordinated terrorist[1] suicide attacks upon the United States, predominantly... The Oklahoma City bombing was an attack on April 19, 1995 aimed at the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building, a U.S. government office complex in downtown Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. ... Timothy James McVeigh (April 23, 1968 – June 11, 2001), commonly referred to as the Oklahoma City bomber, was convicted of eleven federal offenses and ultimately executed as a result of his role on the April 19, 1995, Oklahoma City bombing. ... John Allen Muhammad (b. ...

Examples

Lone Wolves in the United States

• Timothy McVeigh is often given as a seminal example of the "lone wolf" (although, in fact, he conspired with Terry Nichols). He was convicted and executed for the April 19, 1995 Oklahoma City bombing, which killed 168 people and injured hundreds with a bomb-laden truck.
• Between 1978 and 1995, Theodore Kaczynski, known as the "Unabomber," engaged in a campaign of sending mail bombs to various people, killing three and wounding 29. He threatened to continue the bombings unless his anti-technology manifesto was published by the New York Times, who acquiesced.
• Between 1996 and 1998, Eric Robert Rudolph, a Christian Identity adherent, engaged in a series of attacks against civilians in the American south, resulting in the deaths of three people and injuries to at least 150 others. His targets included abortion clinics, gay nightclubs, and the 1996 Olympics in Atlanta.
• On August 10, 1999, Buford O. Furrow, Jr., a member of the white-supremacist group Aryan Nations, attacked a Jewish daycare in Los Angeles, injuring five, and subsequently shot dead a Filipino American US Postal Service carrier.
• On March 3rd, 2006, Mohammed Reza Taheri-azar drove a Jeep Cherokee into a crowd of students at University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill injuring nine people. Press accounts have said that he "match[es] the modern profile of the unaffiliated, lone-wolf terrorist"[5]
• On July 28, 2006, Naveed Afzal Haq, saying "I am a Muslim American, angry at Israel," opened fire in the Jewish Federation of Greater Seattle, killing one woman and wounding four others.

Timothy James McVeigh (April 23, 1968 – June 11, 2001), commonly referred to as the Oklahoma City bomber, was convicted of eleven federal offenses and ultimately executed as a result of his role on the April 19, 1995, Oklahoma City bombing. ... Terry Lynn Nichols (born April 1, 1955) was convicted of being an accomplice of Timothy McVeigh, the man convicted of murder in the bombing of the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building (Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA, April 19, 1995), which claimed 168 lives. ... is the 109th day of the year (110th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1995 (MCMXCV) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display full 1995 Gregorian calendar). ... The Oklahoma City bombing was an attack on April 19, 1995 aimed at the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building, a U.S. government office complex in downtown Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. ... For other uses, see Car bomb (disambiguation). ... Year 1978 (MCMLXXVIII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link displays the 1978 Gregorian calendar). ... Year 1995 (MCMXCV) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display full 1995 Gregorian calendar). ... The tone or style of this article or section may not be appropriate for Wikipedia. ... Unabomber is a nickname applied to three people: Theodore Kaczynski, an American terrorist. ... A mailbomb (or mail bomb), also called parcel bomb or letter bomb, is an explosive device sent via the postal service, and designed to explode when opened, injuring or killing the recipient, usually someone the sender has a personal grudge against, or more indiscriminately as part of a terrorist campaign. ... The New York Times is an internationally known daily newspaper published in New York City and distributed in the United States and many other nations worldwide. ... Year 1996 (MCMXCVI) was a leap year starting on Monday (link will display full 1996 Gregorian calendar). ... Year 1998 (MCMXCVIII) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display full 1998 Gregorian calendar). ... Eric Robert Rudolph (born September 19, 1966), also known as the Olympic Park Bomber, is an American anti-abortion and anti-gay extremist and domestic terrorist,[2][3] who committed a series of bombings across the southern United States, which killed three people and injured at least 150 others. ... // For the general identity of an individual with certain core essential religious doctrines, see Christianity. ... is the 222nd day of the year (223rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... This article is about the year. ... Buford ONeal Furrow, Jr. ... White supremacy is the variety of white nationalism that believes the white race should rule over other races. ... Aryan Nations flag Aryan Nations (AN) is an international white supremacist, Neo-Nazi organization that is affiliated with the Ku Klux Klan. ... For other uses, see Jew (disambiguation). ... Day care is the care of a child during the day by a person other than the childs parents or legal guardians, often someone outside the childs immediate family. ... Nickname: Location within Los Angeles County in the state of California Coordinates: , State County Settled 1781 Incorporated April 4, 1850 Government  - Type Mayor-Council  - Mayor Antonio Villaraigosa  - City Attorney Rocky Delgadillo  - Governing body City Council Area  - City  498. ... In 1998, Benjamin J. Cayetano became the first Filipino American (and second Asian American after Governor George R. Ariyoshi) to be elected state Governor of the United States. ... A USPS Truck at Night A U.S. Post Office sign The United States Postal Service (USPS) is the United States government organization responsible for providing postal service in the United States and is generally referred to as the post office. ... is the 62nd day of the year (63rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Image of Mohammed Reza Taheri-azar Mohammed Reza Taheri-azar (born May 5, 1983 in Tehran) is an Iranian-born American citizen who confessed to intentionally hitting people with a car on the campus of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill to avenge the deaths of Muslims worldwide... The Jeep Cherokee is a name for three different SUV models produced from 1974 to the present: 1974–1983 Jeep Cherokee (SJ) full-size SUV 1984–2001 Jeep Cherokee (XJ) compact SUV 1993–present Jeep Grand Cherokee mid-size SUV 2002–present european version of Jeep Liberty mid-size SUV... The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill is a public, coeducational, research university located in Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States. ... is the 209th day of the year (210th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2006 (MMVI) was a common year starting on Sunday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Naveed Afzal Haq (born September 23, 1975) is an American man of Pakistani descent who committed the July 2006 Seattle Jewish Federation shooting. ... The July 2006 Seattle Jewish Federation shooting occurred on July 28, 2006, at around 4:00 p. ...

Lone Wolves in Europe

• Between 1993 and 1997, Franz Fuchs, a xenophobic Austrian, engaged in a campaign against foreigners, and organizations and individuals he believed to be friendly to foreigners. He killed four people and injured 15, some of them seriously, using three improvised explosive devices and five waves of 25 mailbombs in total.
• In April 1999, the neo-Nazi David Copeland became known as the "London nailbomber" after a 12-day bombing campaign aimed at London's black, Asian, and gay communities, killing three and injuring 129.

Year 1993 (MCMXCIII) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display full 1993 Gregorian calendar). ... For the band, see 1997 (band). ... Franz Fuchs Franz Fuchs (December 12, 1949 in Gralla, Styria - February 26, 2000 in Graz) was a xenophobic Austrian terrorist. ... Look up xenophobia in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Munitions rigged for an IED discovered by Iraqi police in Baghdad, November 2005. ... A mailbomb (or mail bomb), also called parcel bomb or letter bomb, is an explosive device sent via the postal service, and designed to explode when opened, injuring or killing the recipient, usually someone the sender has a personal grudge against, or more indiscriminately as part of a terrorist campaign. ... This article is about the year. ... The terms Neo-Nazism and Neo-Fascism refer to any social or political movement to revive Nazism or Fascism, respectively, and postdates the Second World War. ... David Copeland David John Copeland (born May 15, 1976) is a former member of the British neo-Nazi National Socialist Movement, who became known as the London nailbomber after a 13-day bombing campaign in April 1999 aimed at Londons black, Asian, and gay communities. ... This article is about the capital of England and the United Kingdom. ...

Lone Wolves in The Middle East

• On February 24, 1994, Baruch Goldstein, a former member of the Jewish Defence League and follower of the extremist Kahanist movement^[6], opened fire inside the Cave of the Patriarchs in Hebron, killing 29 people and injuring at least 100. ^[7]
• On November 4, 1995, Yigal Amir, a follower of Meir Kahane, assassinated Israeli Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin and injured a security guard at a rally held in support of the Oslo Accords in Tel Aviv, and was sentenced to life plus 14 years in prison. Amir was a law student at Bar-Ilan University and a right-wing activist who had strenuously opposed Rabin's signing of the Accords.
• On August 4, 2005, Eden Natan-Zada, a 19-year-old Israeli soldier, another alleged Kahanist who had deserted his unit after he refused to remove settlers from the Gaza Strip, killed four Israeli Arabs on a bus and wounded 12. An Arab crowd then lynched him.[8] Less than two weeks later, on August 17, 2005, Asher Weisgan, a 40-year old Israeli bus-driver, shot and killed four Palestinians and injured two others in the West Bank settlement of Shiloh.

is the 55th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1994 (MCMXCIV) The year 1994 was designated as the International Year of the Family and the International Year of the Sport and the Olympic Ideal by the United Nations. ... Baruch Kappel Goldstein (December 9 or December 12, 1956–February 25, 1994, ‎) was an American-Israeli physician who perpetrated the 1994 Cave of the Patriarchs massacre in the city of Hebron, murdering 29 Arab attendants of the Ibrahimi Mosque (within the Cave of the Patriarchs) and wounding another 150 in... The Jewish Defense League (JDL) is an armed Jewish movement aimed at protecting Jewish people and property from anti-Semitism. ... Speaking: US-born Rabbi Meir Kahane, leader of the Kach party in the Knesset. ... The Enclosure of the Cave of the Patriarchs The Cave of the Patriarchs is a religious compound located in the ancient city of Hebron (which lies in the southwest part of the West Bank, in the heart of ancient Judea), and is generally considered by Jews, Christians, and Muslims, to... Arabic الخليل Government City Also Spelled al-Khalil (officially) al-Halil (unofficially) Governorate Hebron Population 166,000 (2006) Jurisdiction  dunams Head of Municipality Mustafa Abdel Nabi Hebron (Arabic:   al-ḪalÄ«l or al KhalÄ«l; Hebrew:  , Standard Hebrew: Ḥevron, Tiberian Hebrew: Ḥeḇrôn) is a city in the southern Judea... is the 308th day of the year (309th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1995 (MCMXCV) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display full 1995 Gregorian calendar). ... Yigal Amir (Hebrew: יגאל עמיר) (born May 23, 1970) is the Israeli assassin of the late Prime Minister of Israel Yitzhak Rabin. ... Rabbi Meir David Kahane (‎, also known by the pseudonyms Michael King, David Sinai and Hayim Yerushalmi, 1 August 1932 – 5 November 1990) was an American-Israeli Orthodox rabbi, author, political activist, and a former member of the Israeli Knesset. ... For other persons named Rabin, see Rabin (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Demonstration. ... Yitzhak Rabin, Bill Clinton, and Yasser Arafat during the Oslo Accords on September 13, 1993. ... Tel-Aviv was founded on empty dunes north of the existing city of Jaffa. ... For other uses, see Law (disambiguation). ... For other uses, see Student (disambiguation). ... Bar-Ilan University (BIU, אוניברסיטת בר-אילן) is a university in Ramat Gan, Israel. ... “Right wing” redirects here. ... Activism, in a general sense, can be described as intentional action to bring about social or political change. ... is the 216th day of the year (217th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... Eden Natan-Zada Eden Natan-Zada (c. ... Speaking:US-born Rabbi Meir Kahane, leader of the Kach party in the Israeli Knesset. ... Map of Israeli settlements (magenta) in the West Bank. ... To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Lynching is a form of violence, usually execution, conceived of by its perpetrators as extrajudicial punishment for offenders or as a terrorist method of enforcing social domination. ... is the 229th day of the year (230th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2005 (MMV) was a common year starting on Saturday (link displays full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar. ... This article needs to be wikified. ... Shiloh may be: A name mentioned in the Bible: Shiloh (Biblical), meaning peace or: // Shiloh (river), stream in the Samarian mountains, originating at Biblical Shiloh. ...

External Links

• 'Lone Wolf' Attackers a New York Security Concern
• The Problem of the Lone-Wolf Terrorist
• Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act of 2004: "Lone Wolf" Amendment to the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act
• Chuck Norris - the original lone wolf, - making connections with negro and mexican folk