The longest word in English depends upon the definition of what constitutes an English word. English allows new words to be formed by construction; long words are coined; place names may be considered words; technical terms may be arbitrarily long. Length can be in terms of orthography and number of written letters or phonology and the number of phonemes. The English language is a West Germanic language that originates in England. ... A word is a unit of language that carries meaning and consists of one or more morphemes. ... The orthography of a language specifies the correct way of writing in that language. ... A Specimen of typeset fonts and languages, by William Caslon, letter founder; from the 1728 Cyclopaedia. ... Phonology (Greek phonē = voice/sound and logos = word/speech), is a subfield of linguistics which studies the sound system of a specific language (or languages). ... In human language, a phoneme is the theoretical representation of a sound. ...

Titin, also known as connectin, (UniProt name: Q10466_HUMAN; accession number: Q10466) is a protein that is important in the contraction of striated muscle tissues. ... Lopadotemachoselachogaleokranioleipsanodrimhypotrimmatosilphioparaomelitokatakechymenokichlepikossyph- ophattoperisteralektryonoptekephalliokigklopeleiolagoiosiraiobaphetraganopterygon, variously spelled, is a fictional dish mentioned in Aristophanes comedy Ecclesiazusae. ... Taumata sign, March 2007 Taumatawhakatangihangakoauauotamateapokaiwhenuakitanatahu is the Māori name for an otherwise unremarkable hill, 305 metres high, close to Porangahau, south of Waipukurau in southern Hawkes Bay, New Zealand. ... Look up pneumonoultramicroscopic- silicovolcanoconiosis in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Pseudopseudohypoparathyroidism is an inherited disorder that closely simulates the symptoms, but not the consequences of pseudohypoparathyroidism, thus it has mild or no manifestations of hypoparathyroidism or tetanic convulsions. ... Look up floccinaucinihilipilification in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...

Major dictionaries

The longest word in any of the major English language dictionaries is pneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanoconiosis, a 45-letter word which refers to a lung disease contracted from the inhalation of very fine silica particles specifically from a volcano. Research has discovered that this word was originally a hoax. It has since been used in a close approximation of its originally intended meaning, lending at least some degree of validity to its claim.^[4] The English language is a West Germanic language that originates in England. ... For other uses of dictionary, see dictionary (disambiguation). ... Look up pneumonoultramicroscopic- silicovolcanoconiosis in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... R-phrases R42 R43 R49 S-phrases S22 S36 S37 S45 S53 Flash point non-flammable Supplementary data page Structure and properties n, εr, etc. ... A hoax is an attempt to trick an audience into believing that something false is real. ...

The Oxford English Dictionary contains pseudopseudohypoparathyroidism (30 letters). The Oxford English Dictionary print set The Oxford English Dictionary (OED) is a dictionary published by the Oxford University Press (OUP), and is the most successful dictionary of the English language, (not to be confused with the one-volume Oxford Dictionary of English, formerly New Oxford Dictionary of English, of... Pseudopseudohypoparathyroidism is an inherited disorder that closely simulates the symptoms, but not the consequences of pseudohypoparathyroidism, thus it has mild or no manifestations of hypoparathyroidism or tetanic convulsions. ...

The longest non-technical word in major dictionaries is flocci­nauci­nihili­pili­fication at 29 letters. Consisting of a series of Latin words meaning "nothing" and defined as "the act of estimating something as worthless", its usage has been recorded as far back as 1741.^[5][6][7][8] Look up floccinaucinihilipilification in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ...

Other notable long words

Antidisestablishmentarianism (a nineteenth century movement in England opposed to the separation of church and state) at 28 letters is still in colloquial currency for being one of the longest words in the English language. But the use of additional suffixes could stretch the word to 'antidisestablishmentarianistically,' with 34 letters. See below: Constructions. Look up Antidisestablishmentarianism in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Constantines Conversion, depicting the conversion of Emperor Constantine the Great to Christianity, by Peter Paul Rubens. ...

The longest word which appears in William Shakespeare's works is the 27-letter honorific­abilitud­initatibus, appearing in Love's Labour's Lost. This is arguably an English word (rather than Latin), only because it was Shakespeare who used it. Wikipedia does not yet have an article with this exact name. ... Honorificabilitudinitatibus is a word appearing in act five, scene one of William Shakespeares Loves Labours Lost. ... Title page of the first quarto (1598) Loves Labours Lost (originally spelled Loues labors loÅ¿t) is one of William Shakespeares early comedies. ... For other uses, see Latin (disambiguation). ...

Coinages

In his play Assemblywomen (Ecclesiazousae), the ancient Greek comedic playwright Aristophanes created: Lopado­te­macho­se­lacho­galeo­kranio­leipsano­drimhypo­trimmato­silphio­parao­melito­katakechymeno­kichlepikossypho­phatto­peristeralektryonop­tekephallio­kigklopeleiol­agoiosiraio­baphetraganop­terygon, a word of 183 letters which describes a dish by stringing together its ingredients. Aristophanes Assemblywomen (or in Greek Ecclesiazousae ) is a play similar in theme to Lysistrata in that a large portion of the comedy comes from women involving themselves in politics. ... Ancient Greece is a period in Greek history that lasted for around nine hundred years. ... Sketch of Aristophanes Aristophanes (Greek: , ca. ... Lopadotemachoselachogaleokranioleipsanodrimhypotrimmatosilphioparaomelitokatakechymenokichlepikossyph- ophattoperisteralektryonoptekephalliokigklopeleiolagoiosiraiobaphetraganopterygon, variously spelled, is a fictional dish mentioned in Aristophanes comedy Ecclesiazusae. ... This article is about culinary recipes. ...

Henry Carey's farce Chrononhotonthologos (1743) holds the opening line: "Aldiborontiphoscophornio! Where left you Chrononhotonthologos?" Henry Carey (c. ... Chrononhotonthologos is a satirical play by the English poet and songwriter Henry Carey from 1734. ... // Events February 14 - Henry Pelham becomes British Prime Minister February 21 - - The premiere in London of George Frideric Handels oratorio, Samson. ...

James Joyce made up nine 101-letter words in his novel Finnegans Wake, the most famous of which is Bababadal­gharagh­takammin­arronn­konn­bronn­tonn­erronn­tuonn­thunn­trovarrhoun­awnskawn­toohoo­hoordenen­thurnuk. Appearing on the first page, it allegedly represents the symbolic thunderclap associated with the fall of Adam and Eve. As it appears nowhere else except in reference to this passage, it is generally not accepted as a real word. Sylvia Plath made mention of it in her semi-autobiographical novel The Bell Jar, when the protagonist was reading Finnegans Wake. This article is about the writer and poet. ... For the street ballad which the novel is named after, see Finnegans Wake. ... Michelangelos Creation of Adam, from the Sistine Chapel. ... Sylvia Plath (October 27, 1932 – February 11, 1963) was an American poet, novelist, and short story writer. ... The Bell Jar is Sylvia Plaths only novel, which was originally published under the pseudonym Victoria Lucas in 1963. ...

"Supercalifragilisticexpialidocious", the 34-letter title of a song from the movie Mary Poppins, does appear in several dictionaries, but only as a proper noun defined in reference to the song title. The attributed meaning is "a word that you say when you don't know what to say." The idea and invention of the word is credited to songwriters Robert and Richard Sherman. Supercalifragilisticexpialidocious (IPA pronunciation: ) is a word in the song with the same title in the musical film Mary Poppins (The Sherman Brothers). ... For the 2004 stage musical, see Mary Poppins (musical). ... A proper noun is a noun that picks out a unique entity. ... Robert B. Sherman & Richard M. Sherman at the London Palladium in 2002 during the premiere of Chitty Chitty Bang Bang: The Stage Musical. The Sherman Brothers are Academy Award-winning American songwriters who specialize in musical film. ...

Advertising coinages

In 1973, Pepsi's advertising agency Boase Massimi Pollitt used a 100-letter but several-word term "Lip­smackin­thirst­quenchin­acetastin­motivatin­good­buzzin­cool­talkin­high­walkin­fast­livin­ever­givin­cool­fizzin" in TV and film advertising. ^[9] Pepsi Cola is a non-alcoholic carbonated beverage produced and manufactured by PepsiCo. ... Boase Massimi Pollitt (BMP) is an advertising agency founded in October 1968 by Martin Boase, Gabe Massimi, and Stanley Pollitt. ... // ^ Full version: A million housewives every day; Pick up a tin of beans that say; Beanz Meanz Heinz! ^ (Philippines) ^ (Philippines) ^ Boase Massimi Pollitt ^ Make Your Dishes More Delicious. ...

In 1975, the 71-letter (but several-word) advertising jingle Twoallbeefpattiesspecialsaucelettucecheesepicklesonionsonasesameseedbun was first used in a McDonald's Restaurant advertisement to describe the Big Mac sandwich. ^[10] Two­all­beef­patties­special­sauce­lettuce­cheese­pickles­onions­on­a­sesame­seed­bun is a trademarked slogan used by McDonalds in 1975. ... For other uses, see Big Mac (disambiguation). ...

Constructions

English is a language which permits the legitimate extension of existing words to serve new purposes by the addition of prefixes and suffixes. This is sometimes referred to as agglutinative construction. This process can create arbitrarily long words: for example, the prefixes pseudo (false, spurious) and anti (against, opposed to) can be added as many times as desired. A word like anti-aircraft (pertaining to the defense against aircraft) is easily extended to anti-anti-aircraft (pertaining to counteracting the defense against aircraft, a legitimate concept) and can from there be prefixed with an endless stream of "anti-"s, each time creating a new level of counteraction. More familiarly, the addition of numerous "great"s to a relative, e.g. great-great-great-grandfather, can produce words of arbitrary length. It has been suggested that Agglutination be merged into this article or section. ... American troops man an anti-aircraft gun near the Algerian coastline in 1943 Anti-aircraft, or air defense, is any method of combating military aircraft from the ground. ...

"Antidisestablishmentarianism" is the longest common example of a word formed by agglutinative construction, as follows (the numbers succeeding the word refer to the number of letters in the word): Look up Antidisestablishmentarianism in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... An agglutinative language is a language in which the words are formed by joining morphemes together. ...

establish (9)

to set up, put in place, or institute (originally from the Latin stare, to stand)

dis-establish (12)

ending the established status of a body, in particular a church, given such status by law, such as the Church of England

disestablish-ment (16)

the separation of church and state (specifically in this context it is the political movement of the 1860s in Britain)

anti-disestablishment (20)

opposition to disestablishment

antidisestablishment-arian (25)

an advocate of opposition to disestablishment

antidisestablishmentarian-ism (28)

the movement or ideology that opposes disestablishment

Of course, the process need not stop there: prefixes like neo- and contra- can be added, or -istically can be used in place of -ism. A state religion (also called an established church or state church) is a religious body or creed officially endorsed by the state. ... The Church of England logo since 1998 The Church of England is the officially established Christian church[1] in England, and acts as the mother and senior branch of the worldwide Anglican Communion, as well as a founding member of the Porvoo Communion. ...

Technical terms

A number of scientific naming schemes can be used to generate arbitrarily long words.

Gammaracanthuskytodermogammarus loricatobaicalensis is sometimes cited as the longest binomial name—it is a kind of amphipod. However, this name, proposed by B. Dybowski, was invalidated by the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. This article does not cite any references or sources. ... Families about 200 partial list Alpheidae Ampeliscidae Amphilochidae Ampithoidae Anisogammaridae Aoridae Artesiidae Bogideillidae Bosminidae Caprellidae Corophiidae Crangonyctidae Eusiridae Gammaridae Hadziidae Haustoriidae Iphimediidae Ischyroceridae Leucothoidae Liljeborgiidae Lysianassidae Melitidae Phoxocephalidae Sebidae Talitridae Amphipoda (amphipods) include about 4600 different species of small, shrimp_like crustaceans. ... Benedykt Dybowski (May 12, 1833-January 31, 1930) was a Polish naturalist and physician. ... The International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN) is a set of rules in zoology that have one fundamental aim: to provide the maximum universality and continuity in classifying all animals according to taxonomic judgment. ...

Aequeosalinocalcalinoceraceoaluminosocupreovitriolic, describing the spa waters at Bath, England, is attributed to Dr Edward Strother (1675-1737)^[11]. The word is composed of the following elements: Green Dragon Spring at Norris Geyser A hot spring is a place where warm or hot groundwater issues from the ground on a regular basis for at least a predictable part of the year, and is significantly above the ambient ground temperature (which is usually around 55~57 F or... Bath is a city in Somerset, England most famous for its baths fed by three hot springs. ...

• Aequeo: equal (Latin, aequo^[12])
• Salino: containing salt (Latin, salinus)
• Calcalino: calcium (Latin, calx)
• Ceraceo: waxy (Latin, cera)
• Aluminoso: alumina (Latin)
• Cupreo: from "copper"
• Vitriolic: resembling vitriol

John Horton Conway and Landon Curt Noll developed an open-ended system for naming powers of 10, in which one sex­millia­quingent­sexagint­illion, coming from the Latin name for 6560, is the name for 10^3(6560+1) = 10¹⁹⁶⁸³. In British usage, it would be 10^6(6560) = 10³⁹³⁶⁰. Aluminium oxide (or aluminum oxide) (Al2O3) is a chemical compound of aluminium and oxygen. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into sulfuric acid. ...

Names of chemical compounds can be extremely long if written as one word, as is sometimes done. An example of this is sodium­meta­diamino­para­dioxy­arseno­benzoe­methylene­sulph­oxylate, an arsenic-containing drug. There are also other chemical naming systems, using numbers instead of "meta", "para" etc. as descriptive dividers, breaking up the name, which then no longer can be considered a single long word. One example, with 1,185 letters, is a chemical term referring to the coat protein of a certain strain of tobacco mosaic virus. This article does not cite any references or sources. ...

The IUPAC nomenclature for organic chemical compounds is open-ended, giving rise to the 189,819-letter chemical name Methionylthreonylthreonyl...isoleucine, the shortened version of a protein also known as titin, or sometimes connectin, which is involved in striated muscle formation. Its chemical formula is C₁₃₂₉₈₃H₂₁₁₈₆₁N₃₆₁₄₉O₄₀₈₈₃S₆₉₃. The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) is an international non-governmental organization devoted to the advancement of chemistry. ... Titin, also known as connectin, (UniProt name: Q10466_HUMAN; accession number: Q10466) is a protein that is important in the contraction of striated muscle tissues. ...

Place names

There is some debate as to whether a place name is a legitimate word.

The longest officially recognized place name in an English-speaking country is Taumatawhakatangihangakoauauotamateaturipukakapikimaungahoronukupokaiwhenuakitanatahul (85 letters) which is a hill in New Zealand. Taumata sign, March 2007 Taumatawhakatangihangakoauauotamateapokaiwhenuakitanatahu is the Māori name for an otherwise unremarkable hill, 305 metres high, close to Porangahau, south of Waipukurau in southern Hawkes Bay, New Zealand. ...

The longest place name in the United States (45 letters) is Chargoggagoggmanchauggagoggchaubunagungamaugg, a lake in Webster, Massachusetts. It means "Englishmen at Manchaug at the Fishing Place at the Boundary" and is sometimes facetiously translated as "you fish your side of the water, I fish my side of the water, nobody fishes the middle". The lake is known to Americans as Lake Webster. The longest hyphenated names in the U.S. are Winchester-on-the-Severn, a town in Maryland, and Washington-on-the-Brazos, a notable place in Texas history. Chargoggagoggmanchauggagoggchaubunagungamaugg is an unofficial name of Lake Chaubunagungamaug east of Webster, Massachusetts. ... Location in Massachusetts Coordinates: , Country United States State Massachusetts County Worcester County Settled 1713 Incorporated 1832 Government  - Type Open town meeting  - Town    Administrator Raymond W. Houle, Jr. ... This article is about the U.S. State. ... Winchester-on-the-Severn is a populated place located in Anne Arundel County, Maryland. ... Official language(s) None (English, de facto) Capital Annapolis Largest city Baltimore Area  Ranked 42nd  - Total 12,407 sq mi (32,133 km²)  - Width 101 miles (145 km)  - Length 249 miles (400 km)  - % water 21  - Latitude 37° 53′ N to 39° 43′ N  - Longitude 75° 03′ W to 79° 29... Categories: Texas stub | Texas history | Texas state parks ... Official language(s) No official language See languages of Texas Capital Austin Largest city Houston Largest metro area Dallas–Fort Worth–Arlington Area  Ranked 2nd  - Total 261,797 sq mi (678,051 km²)  - Width 773 miles (1,244 km)  - Length 790 miles (1,270 km)  - % water 2. ...

The station sign at Llanfairpwllgwyngyllgogerychwyrndrobwllllantysiliogogogoch in North Wales

The 58-character name Llanfairpwllgwyngyllgogerychwyrndrobwllllantysiliogogogoch is the famous name of a town on Anglesey, an island of Wales. This place's name is actually 51 letters long, as certain character groups in Welsh are considered as one letter, for instance ll, ng and ch. It is generally agreed, however, that this invented name, adopted in the mid-19th century, was contrived solely to be the longest name of any town in Britain. The official name of the place is Llanfair­pwllgwyngyll, commonly abbreviated to Llanfairpwll or the somewhat jocular Llanfair PG. Image File history File links Llanfairpwllgwyngyllgogerychwyrndrobwllllantysiliogogogoch_station_sign_(cropped_version_1). ... Image File history File links Llanfairpwllgwyngyllgogerychwyrndrobwllllantysiliogogogoch_station_sign_(cropped_version_1). ... Llanfairpwllgwyngyllgogerychwyrndrobwllllantysiliogogogoch (58 Letters long) is a village on the island of Anglesey in Wales, situated on the Menai Strait close to Menai Bridge and Bangor. ... This article is about the country. ... Llanfairpwllgwyngyllgogerychwyrndrobwllllantysiliogogogoch (58 Letters long) is a village on the island of Anglesey in Wales, situated on the Menai Strait close to Menai Bridge and Bangor. ... Anglesey (historically Anglesea; Welsh: , pronounced (IPA)) is a predominantly Welsh-speaking island off the northwest coast of Wales. ... This article is about the country. ... Welsh redirects here, and this article describes the Welsh language. ...

The longest official geographical name in Australia is Mamungkukumpurangkuntjunya Hill.^[13] It is a Pitjantjatjara word meaning "where the Devil urinates".^[14] Pitjantjatjara is a dialect of the Western Desert language traditionally spoken by the Pitjantjatjara people of Central Australia. ...

In Ireland, the longest English placename at 22 letters is Muckanaghederdauhaulia (from the Irish language, Muiceanach Idir Dhá Sháile, meaning "pig-marsh between two saltwater inlets") in County Galway. If this is disallowed for being derived from Irish, or not a town, the longest at 19 letters is Newtownmountkennedy in County Wicklow. Muckanaghederdauhaulia (Irish Muiceanach idir Dhá Sháile - pig-shaped hill between two seas) is a village in the Connemara Gaeltacht between Camus and Carraroe, in County Galway, Ireland. ... This article is about the modern Goidelic language. ... Statistics Province: Connacht County Town: Galway Code: G (GY proposed) Area: 6,148 km² Population (2006) 231,035 (including Galway City); 159,052 (without Galway City) Website: www. ... WGS-84 (GPS) Coordinates: 53. ... Statistics Province: Leinster County Town: Wicklow Code: WW Area: 2,024 km² Population (2007) 114,676 Website: www. ...

It is questionable whether any of the above (with the exception of New­town­mount­kennedy) are properly considered English words, being derived from Maori, Nipmuck, Welsh, Aboriginal and Irish words respectively, or being a conjunction of individual English words. Māori (or Maori) is a language spoken by the native peoples of New Zealand and the Cook Islands. ... Nipmuck emblem The Nipmuck are an aboriginal North American people, belonging to the family of Algonquian peoples, currently living in and around the Chaubunagungamaug Reservation of Webster, Massachusetts. ...

See also: List of short place names

This is a list of short placenames with one- or two-letter-placenames. ...

Scrabble

The longest hypothetically legal Scrabble word in North American play is ethyl­enediamine­tetra­acetates (28 letters). It is the plural of a word found in Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary, 10th edition, which was the dictionary of reference in North American Scrabble play for words of at least 10 letters until June 16, 2003. Naturally, this word is 'legal' in name only, since it would not fit on the board. There are many 15-letter words; the highest-scoring word on a Scrabble board is either benzoxycamphors (45) or sesquioxidizing (42). Because sesquioxidizing has the high-scoring Q and Z, it would score 62 × 27 = 1674 if played across an edge of the board with three triple word squares and two double letter squares involved. This is possible by the first player laying 'ox', the second player adding 'idizing' and the first player adding 'sesqui' to the beginning. Benzoxycamphors would score only 59 × 27 = 1593. Sesquioxidizing is not found in Webster's dictionary, although the roots of the word, sesquioxide and oxidizing, are.^[15] The verb to scrabble also means to scratch, scramble or scrape about: see Wiktionary:scrabble. ... EDTA is a widely-used acronym for the chemical compound ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (and many other names, see table). ... is the 167th day of the year (168th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 2003 (MMIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Gregorian calendar. ... An oxide containing three atoms of oxygen with two atoms (or radicals) of some other substance. ...

Words with certain characteristics of notable length

• Strengths is the longest word in the English language containing only one vowel.
• Scraunched and schmaltzed are the longest monosyllabic words in current usage.
• Euouae, a medieval musical term, is the longest English word consisting only of vowels, and the word with the most consecutive vowels. However, the "word" itself is simply a mnemonic consisting of the vowels to be sung in the phrase "seculorum Amen" at the end of the lesser doxology. (Although u was often used interchangeably with v, and the variant "evovae" is occasionally used, the v in these cases would still be a vowel.)
• The longest words with no repeated letters are dermatoglyphics, misconjugatedly and uncopyrightables. ^[16]
• The longest word whose letters are in alphabetical order is the eight-letter Aegilops, a grass genus.
• The longest words typable with only the left hand (using conventional hand placement on a QWERTY keyboard) are tesseradecades, aftercataracts^[17], and the more common but sometimes hyphenated sweaterdresses.^[18]
• Conversely, using the right hand alone, the longest word that can be typed is johnny-jump-up, or, excluding hyphens, hypolimnion.
• The longest International English word typable using only the top row of letters is typewriter. In American English the word teetertotter (the equivalent of what is known as a see-saw) is longer, though it is sometimes hyphenated and is an unknown term outside of America.
• The longest words typable by alternating left and right hands are antiskepticism and leucocytozoans respectively. ^[18]
• On a Dvorak keyboard, the longest "left-handed" words are papaya, Kikuyu, opaque, and upkeep.^[19] Kikuyu is in fact typed entirely with the index finger, and so naturally the longest one-fingered word on the Dvorak keyboard. There are no vowels on the right-hand side, and so the longest "right-handed" word is crwth.
• The longest word with the vowels in order is abstemiously. Actually, abstemiously and facetiously are the only two English words with all five vowels and the semivowel y in order.
• Lauwiliwilinukunukuoi’oi (the Longnose Butterflyfish, or Forcipiger flavissimus) is, at 23 letters (24 counting the apostrophe), the longest animal name.

• The longest word likely to be found in most households (outside of dictionaries) is "methylchloroisothiazolinone", an ingredient in most hair conditioners and some shampoos. ^{[citation needed]}

A syllable (Ancient Greek: ) is a unit of speech that is made up of a syllable nucleus (most often a vowel) with one or more optional phones (single sounds or phonetic segments). Syllables are often considered the phonological building blocks of words. ... Euouae is a mnemonic which was used in medieval music to denote the sequence of tones in the seculorum Amen passage of the hymn Gloria Patri. ... The Middle Ages formed the middle period in a traditional schematic division of European history into three ages: the classical civilization of Antiquity, the Middle Ages, and modern times. ... A doxology (from the Greek doxa, glory + logos, word or speaking) is a short hymn of praise to God in various Christian worship services, often added to the end of canticles, psalms, and hymns. ... An isogram (also known as a nonpattern word) is a logological term for a word or phrase without a repeating letter. ... Dermatoglyphics (from ancient Greek derma = skin, glyph = carving) is the scientific study of fingerprints. ... Species See text Aegilops is a genus of plants belonging to the family Graminaceae. ... For the song by Linkin Park, see QWERTY (song). ... Binomial name Viola tricolor L. The Heartsease (Viola tricolor) is a common European wild flower, growing as an annual or short-lived perennial. ... This article is about the punctuation mark. ... The hypolimnion is the bottom and most dense layer of water in a thermally-stratified lake. ... International English is the concept of the English language as a global means of communication in numerous dialects, and the movement towards an international standard for the language. ... Mechanical desktop typewriters, such as this Underwood Five, were long time standards of government agencies, newsrooms, and sales offices. ... For other uses, see American English (disambiguation). ... For the playground object see Seesaw See-Saw is a female JPop/JRock duo (formerly a trio) consisting of Chiaki Ishikawa (lead vocals) and Yuki Kajiura (back-up vocals, keyboards). ... The Dvorak Simplified Keyboard layout // The Dvorak Simplified Keyboard (pronounced ) is a keyboard layout patented in 1936 by Dr. August Dvorak, an educational psychologist and professor of education[1] at the University of Washington in Seattle,[2] and William Dealey as an alternative to the more common QWERTY layout. ... Binomial name Carica papaya L. The papaya (from Carib via Spanish), is the fruit of the tree Carica papaya, in the genus Carica. ... A modern crwth in its case The crwth is an archaic stringed musical instrument, associated particularly with Wales, although once played widely in Europe. ... Semivowels (also glides, more rarely: semiconsonants) are non-syllabic vowels that form diphthongs with syllabic vowels. ...

Common words in general text

Ross Eckler has noted that most of the longest English words, such as the ones mentioned earlier in this article, are not commonly used and not likely to occur in general text. In this context, "general text" means non-technical present-day text, seen by casual readers, in which the author did not specifically intend to use an unusually long word. According to Eckler, the longest words that are likely to be encountered in general text are "deinstitutionalization" and "counterrevolutionaries," with 22 letters each.^[20] Albert Ross Eckler, Jr. ... Deinstitutionalisation is the practice of moving people (especially those with developmental disability) from mental institutions into community-based or family-based environments. ... A counterrevolutionary is anyone who opposes a revolution, particularly those who act after a revolution to try to overturn or reverse it, in full or in part. ...

Humour

"Smiles" is humorously considered to be the longest word, as there is a mile between the two ses. However, by this reckoning "beleaguered" would be the longest, as it has a league, which is about three miles. “Miles” redirects here. ... For other uses, see league. ...

See also

• English words with uncommon properties
• List of the longest English words with one syllable
• Number of words in English
• Scriptio continua
• Longest published word in German

For the purposes of this article, any word which has appeared in a recognised general English dictionary published in the 20th century or later is considered a candidate. ... According to the Oxford English Dictionary, the longest English word of one syllable is the ten-letter scraunched, appearing in a 1620 translation of Cervantes Don Quixote. ... This article needs to be cleaned up to conform to a higher standard of quality. ... Scriptio continua (Continuous script in Latin) is a classical style of writing without spaces between words or sentences, with all the text in upper case, and with no punctuation, like this: NEQVEPORROQVISQUAMESTQVIDOLOREMIPSVMQVIADOLORSITAMETCONSECTETVRADIPISCIVELIT NOBODYLIKESPAINFORITSOWNSAKEORLOOKSFORITANDWANTSTOHAVEITJVSTBECAVSEITISPAIN Which in normal modern style is: Neque porro quisquam est qui dolorem ipsum quia dolor sit amet... The Donaudampfschiffahrtselektroigvrdolhdftrgiojuystuooffrdgiiuyfgyiukoigtyjfgkbo9utfgyfopotj75izitätenhauptbetriebswerkbauunterbeamtengesellschaftenheiser (en: the association for subordinate officials of the head office management of the Danube steamboat electrical services) was a sub organisation in pre-war Vienna, Austria of the Donaudampfschiffahrtsgesellschaft (DDSG), a shipping company for transporting passengers and cargo on the Danube. ...

References

Lopadotemachoselachogaleokranioleipsanodrimhypotrimmatosilphioparaomelitokatakechymenokichlepikossyph- ophattoperisteralektryonoptekephalliokigklopeleiolagoiosiraiobaphetraganopterygon, variously spelled, is a fictional dish mentioned in Aristophanes comedy Ecclesiazusae. ... Look up pneumonoultramicroscopic- silicovolcanoconiosis in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Suresh Joachim, minutes away from breaking the ironing world record at 55 hours and 5 minutes, at Shoppers World, Brampton. ... Robert Carlyle Byrd (born November 20, 1917) is the senior United States Senator from West Virginia and a member of the Democratic Party. ... William Jefferson Bill Clinton (born William Jefferson Blythe III[1] on August 19, 1946) was the 42nd President of the United States, serving from 1993 to 2001. ... Mike McCurry conducts a White House press conference Mike McCurry (born 27 October 1954) is best known as the former press secretary for Bill Clintons administration. ... Suresh Joachim, minutes away from breaking the ironing world record at 55 hours and 5 minutes, at Shoppers World, Brampton. ... Gyles Daubeney Brandreth (born March 8, 1948 in Germany) is a celebrity, author and politician in the United Kingdom. ...

External links

• A Collection of Word Oddities and Trivia - Long words
  • Long words (place names)
  • Long words (chemical names)