? Lophotrochozoa
Caribbean Reef Squid or Sepioteuthis sepioidea is a complex lophotrochozoan.
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia Subkingdom: Eumetazoa (unranked) Bilateria Superphylum: Lophotrochozoa
Phyla
Trochozoa Mollusca Annelida Sipuncula Nemertea Lophophorata Brachiopoda Phoronida Bryozoa Entoprocta

The Lophotrochozoa are one of two or three major groups of protostome animals. They include the phyla shown in the infobox shown at right. Download high resolution version (800x605, 283 KB)Caribbean Reef Squid Photographed by Jan Derk in March 2005 on Bonaire. ... Scientific classification or biological classification is how biologists group and categorize extinct and living species of organisms. ... Phyla Porifera (sponges) Ctenophora (comb jellies) Cnidaria (coral, jellyfish, anemones) Placozoa (trichoplax) Subregnum Bilateria (bilateral symmetry) Acoelomorpha (basal) Orthonectida (parasitic to flatworms, echinoderms, etc. ... Phyla Subkingdom Parazoa Porifera (sponges) Subkingdom Agnotozoa Placozoa Orthonectida Rhombozoa Subkingdom Metazoa Radiata Cnidaria Ctenophora - Comb jellies Bilateria Protostomia Acoelomorpha Platyhelminthes - Flatworms Nemertina - Ribbon worms Gastrotricha Gnathostomulida - Jawed worms Micrognathozoa Rotifera - Rotifers Acanthocephala Priapulida Kinorhyncha Loricifera Entoprocta Nematoda - Roundworms Nematomorpha - Horsehair worms Cycliophora Mollusca - Mollusks Sipuncula - Peanut worms Annelida - Segmented... Illustration of the different types of symmetry of Life Forms On Earth. ... Classes Caudofoveata Aplacophora Polyplacophora - Chitons Monoplacophora Bivalvia - Bivalves Scaphopoda - Tusk shells Gastropoda - Snails and Slugs Cephalopoda - Squids, Octopuses, etc. ... Classes and subclasses Class Polychaeta (paraphyletic?) Class Clitellata    Oligochaeta - Earthworms and others    Acanthobdellida    Branchiobdellida    Hirudinea - Leeches Class Myzostomida Class Archiannelida (polyphyletic) Class Echiura *Some authors consider the subclasses under Clitellata to be classes The annelids, collectively called Annelida, are a large phylum of animals, comprising the segmented worms, with about... The Sipuncula, sipunculid worms or peanut worms, are a phylum of marine worms with a tentacle surrounded mouth on a completely invertible head end. ... Orders Anopla Enopla The phylum Nemertea (also Nemertina, Nemertinea or Nemertini) contains the ribbon worms or proboscis worms, which are a group of unsegmented marine invertebrates. ... Classes Lingulata Paterinata (extinct) Craniforma Chileata (extinct) Obolellata (extinct) Kutorginata (extinct) Strophomenata (extinct) Rhynchonellata Brachiopods (from Latin bracchium, arm + New Latin -poda, foot) make up one of the major animal phyla, Brachiopoda. ... Genera Phoronis Phoronopsis Phoronids (Phoronida) are a relatively small animal phylum: twelve species are known, in two genera, Phoronis and Phoronopsis. ... Fossilized Bryozoa, Ordovician limestone, Batavia, Ohio Bryozoans (moss animals) are tiny colonial animals that generally build stony skeletons of calcium carbonate, superficially similar to coral. ... Orders Barentsiidae (Urnatellidae) Loxokalypodidae Loxosomatidae Pedicellinidae Entoprocta (Gr. ... Protostomes (from the Greek: first the mouth) are a taxon of animals. ...

In the first four phyla there are groups that produce trochophore larvae, which have two bands of cilia around their middle. Previously these were treated together as the Trochozoa, together with the arthropods, which do not produce trochophore larvae but were considered close relatives of the annelids because they are both segmented. However, they show a number of important differences, and the arthropods are now placed separately among the Ecdysozoa. A trochophore (or trocophore) is a type of larva with several bands of cilia. ... Subphyla and Classes Subphylum Trilobitomorpha Trilobita - trilobites (extinct) Subphylum Chelicerata Arachnida - spiders, scorpions, etc. ... Classes and subclasses Class Polychaeta(paraphyletic?) Class Clitellata    Oligochaeta- Earthwormsand others    Acanthobdellida    Branchiobdellida    Hirudinea- Leeches Class Myzostomida Class Archiannelida(polyphyletic) Class Echiura The annelids, collectively called Annelida (from Latin annellus little ring), are a large phylum of animals, comprising the segmented worms, with about 15 000 modern species including the... The Ecdysozoa are a large group of protostomian animals, erected by Aguinaldo in 1997 primarily based on 18s rRNA data. ...

The other four phyla are united by the presence of a lophophore, a fan of ciliated tentacles surrounding the mouth, and so were treated together as the lophophorates. They are unusual in showing radial cleavage, and some authors considered them deuterostomes, before RNA trees placed them together with the trochozoans. The exact relationships between the different phyla are not entirely certain. However, it appears that neither the lophophorates nor the Trochozoa are monophyletic groups by themselves, but are mixed together. The lophophore is a characteristic feeding organ possessed by three major groups of animals: the brachiopoda, bryozoa, and phoronida. ... Radial cleavage is a cleavage pattern characteristic of vertebrates and echinoderms, in which the spindle axes are parallel or at right angles to the polar axis of the oocyte. ... Phyla Echinodermata Hemichordata Chordata Chaetognatha (uncertain) Deuterostomes (taxonomic term: Deuterostomia; from the Greek: second mouth) are a superphylum of animals. ... In phylogenetics, a group is monophyletic (Greek: of one stem) if all organisms in that group are known to have developed from a common ancestral form, and all descendants of that form are included in the group. ...

The flatworms and their allies form a clade, called the Platyzoa, which is closely related to the Lophotrochozoa and sometimes included within it. The name Spiralia has also been used for this extended group, since it includes all animals that develop with spiral cleavage. Classes Monogenea Trematoda Cestoda Turbellaria The flatworms (Platyhelminthes, Greek platy: flat; helminth: worm) are a phylum of relatively simple soft-bodied invertebrate animals. ... A clade is group of organisms which share a common ancestor and which includes all decendents of that ancestor. ... The Platyzoa are a group of protostome animals. ... This article needs cleanup. ...

External links

Wikispecies has information related to:

Lophotrochozoa/Spiralia

• UCMP-Lophotrochozoa introduction