Alfred Douglas

from a photo he gave to Wilde in 1894
Born:	October 22, 1870(1870-10-22) Worcestershire
Died:	March 20, 1945 (aged 74), aged 74 St. Andrews
Occupation:	Poet
Nationality:	Scottish

Lord Alfred Bruce Douglas (22 October 1870 – 20 March 1945) was a poet, a translator and a prose writer, better known as the intimate friend and lover of the writer Oscar Wilde. Much of his early poetry was Uranian in theme, though he tended, later in life, to distance himself from both Wilde's influence and his own role as a Uranian poet. lord alfred douglas in 1896 This image has been released into the public domain by the copyright holder, its copyright has expired, or it is ineligible for copyright. ... is the 295th day of the year (296th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1870 (MDCCCLXX) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Monday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... Worcestershire (pronounced ; abbreviated Worcs) is a county located in the West Midlands region of central England. ... is the 79th day of the year (80th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1945 (MCMXLV) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar). ... See St Andrews, New South Wales for St Andrews, Sydney, Australia. ... This article is about work. ... The poor poet A poet is a person who writes poetry. ... In English usage, nationality is the legal relationship between a person and a country. ... This article is about the country. ... is the 295th day of the year (296th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1870 (MDCCCLXX) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Monday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... is the 79th day of the year (80th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1945 (MCMXLV) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar). ... The poor poet A poet is a person who writes poetry. ... Prose is writing distinguished from poetry by its greater variety of rhythm and its closer resemblance to the patterns of everyday speech. ... Oscar Fingal OFlahertie Wills Wilde (October 16, 1854 – November 30, 1900) was an Irish playwright, novelist, poet, and author of short stories. ... From John Addington Symonds 1891 book A Problem in Modern Ethics. ... The Uranians were a relatively obscure group of pederastic poets who flourished between 1870 and 1930, particularly among the graduates of Oxford and Cambridge. ...

Early life

The third son of John Douglas, 9th Marquess of Queensberry and his first wife, the former Sibyl Montgomery, Douglas was born at Ham Hill House in Worcestershire. He was his mother's favourite child; she called him Bosie (a derivative of Boysie), a nickname which stuck for the rest of his life. Lord Queensberry in 1896 John Sholto Douglas, 9th Marquess of Queensberry (20 July 1844 – 31 January 1900) was a Scottish nobleman, remembered for lending his name to the Marquess of Queensberry rules that formed the basis of modern boxing, and for his role in the downfall of author and playwright... Worcestershire (pronounced ; abbreviated Worcs) is a county located in the West Midlands region of central England. ... // A nickname is a name of a person or thing other than its proper name. ...

Douglas was educated at Winchester College (1884–88) and at Magdalen College, Oxford (1889–93), which he left without obtaining a degree. At Oxford, Douglas edited an undergraduate journal The Spirit Lamp (1892-3), an activity that intensified the ongoing conflict between him and his father. Their relationship had always been a strained one and during the Queensberry-Wilde feud, Douglas sided with Wilde, even encouraging him to prosecute his own father for libel. In 1893, Douglas had a brief affair with George Ives. Winchester College is a well-known boys independent school, and an example of an English public school, in the city of Winchester in Hampshire, England. ... College name Magdalen College Latin name Collegium Beatae Mariae Magdalenae Named after Mary Magdalene Established 1458 Sister college Magdalene College, Cambridge President Professor David Clary FRS JCR President Jessica Jones Undergraduates 395 MCR President Eloise Scotford Graduates 230 Location of Magdalen College within central Oxford , Homepage Boatclub Magdalen College (pronounced... The University of Oxford, located in the city of Oxford in England, is the oldest university in the English-speaking world. ... Year 1893 (MDCCCXCIII) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Tuesday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... George Ives around 1900 George (Cecil) Ives (born in Germany on October 1, 1867 - died June 4, 1950) was a German-British poet, writer, penal reformer and early gay rights campaigner. ...

Relationship with Oscar Wilde

In 1891, Douglas met Oscar Wilde; they soon began an affair, though, according to Douglas, they never engaged in sodomy. Though Douglas consented to be the lover of the older Wilde, he shared Wilde's interest in younger partners.^[1] Of the two, Douglas was known for preferring schoolboys, while Wilde liked older teenagers and young men.^[2] When his father, Lord Queensberry, suspected that their liaison may have been more than a friendship, he began a public persecution of Wilde. In addition to invading the playwright's home, Queensberry planned to throw rotten vegetables at Wilde during the premiere of The Importance of Being Earnest. In 1894, the Robert Hichens novel The Green Carnation was published. Said to be based on the relationship of Wilde and Douglas, it would be one of the texts used against Wilde during his trials in 1895. Year 1891 (MDCCCXCI) was a common year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Saturday of the 12-day slower Julian calendar). ... Oscar Fingal OFlahertie Wills Wilde (October 16, 1854 – November 30, 1900) was an Irish playwright, novelist, poet, and author of short stories. ... François Elluin, Sodomites provoking the wrath of God, from Le pot pourri de Loth (1781). ... “Young Men” redirects here. ... A plate of vegetables Vegetable is a culinary term which generally refers to an edible part of a plant. ... The Importance of Being Earnest is a play by Oscar Wilde, a comedy of manners on the seriousness of society in either three or four acts (depending on edition) inspired by W. S. Gilberts Engaged. ... 1894 (MDCCCXCIV) was a common year starting on Monday (see link for calendar). ... This article is about the British writer. ... The Green Carnation book cover The Green Carnation was first published anonymously in 1894. ... Year 1895 (MDCCCXCV) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Sunday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ...

When Lord Drumlanrig (Douglas' eldest brother and the heir to the marquessate of Queensberry) died in a suspicious hunting accident, rumours circulated that Drumlanrig had been having a homosexual relationship with the Prime Minister, Lord Rosebery. As a result, Lord Queensberry began a crusade to save his youngest son. Queensberry publicly insulted Wilde by leaving, at the latter's club, a calling card on which he had written: "For Oscar Wilde posing as a somdomite" (a misspelling of sodomite). Francis Archibald Douglas, Viscount Drumlanrig (3 February 1867–19 October 1894) was a Scottish nobleman and politician, the eldest son of the 9th Marquess of Queensberry. ... This article is about the hunting of prey by human society. ... Since its coinage, the word homosexuality has acquired multiple meanings. ... A prime minister is the most senior minister of cabinet in the executive branch of government in a parliamentary system. ... Archibald Primrose redirects here. ... Calling cards are often found in phone boxes in London advertising the services of call girls Calling Card may refer to various object of the same name: Historically, a calling card was used socially to signify a visit made to a house if the occupant were absent; or as an... The notorious malapropism of somdomite (sodomite) has echoed for over a hundred years, since John Sholto Douglas, 9th Marquess of Queensbury, the furious father of Oscar Wildes lover, Lord Alfred Douglas, left his card for Wilde at the Albemarle Club, inscribed Wilde did not do the sensible thing, to... Sodomy is a term of religious origin to characterize certain sexual acts and behaviours as a perversion of the human capacity for union through sexuality. ...

1895 trials

In response to this card, and with Douglas's avid support, but against the advice of friends such as Robert Ross, Frank Harris, and George Bernard Shaw, Wilde sued Queensberry for criminal libel. The case went badly, since Queensberry had hired private detectives to document Wilde's and Douglas's homosexual contacts. Several male prostitutes were enlisted by the defence to give evidence against Wilde and, on advice from his lawyer, he dropped the suit. However, based on evidence raised during the case, Wilde was charged with committing acts of gross indecency with other male persons, a charge which covered all homosexual acts, public or private. Douglas's 1892 poem "Two Loves", which was used against Wilde at the latter's trial, ends with the famous line that refers to homosexuality as "the love that dare not speak its name". Robert Ross at twenty-four For other uses of this name, see Robert Baldwin (disambiguation). ... Frank Harris by Alvin Langdon Coburn. ... George Bernard Shaw (26 July 1856–2 November 1950) was an Irish dramatist, literary critic, and socialist. ... In English and American law, and systems based on them, libel and slander are two forms of defamation (or defamation of character), which is the tort or delict of making a false statement of fact that injures someones reputation. ... Gumshoe redirects here. ... Whore redirects here. ... For the fish called lawyer, see Burbot. ... A dictionary definition of Indecent not conforming with accepted standards of behaviour or morality. ... The love that dare not speak its name is a phrase from the poem Two Loves by Lord Alfred Douglas, published in 1892. ...

After a retrial (the jury in his first trial having been unable to reach a verdict), Wilde was convicted on 25 May 1895 and imprisoned at hard labour for two years. Douglas was forced into exile in Europe. Following Wilde's release (19 May 1897), although not immediately, the two reunited in August at Rouen, but stayed together only a few months owing to personal differences and the various pressures on them. For jury meaning makeshift, see jury rig. ... is the 145th day of the year (146th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1895 (MDCCCXCV) was a common year starting on Tuesday (link will display full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Sunday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ... For other uses, see Europe (disambiguation). ... is the 139th day of the year (140th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1897 (MDCCCXCVII) was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... Rouen (pronounced in French, sometimes also ) is the historical capital city of Normandy, in northwestern France on the River Seine, and currently the capital of the Haute-Normandie (Upper Normandy) région. ...

Naples and Paris

This meeting was disapproved of by the friends and families of both men. During the later part of 1897, Wilde and Douglas lived together near Naples, but for financial and other reasons, they separated. Wilde lived the remainder of his life primarily in Paris, and Douglas returned to England in late 1898. 1897 (MDCCCXCVII) was a common year starting on Friday (see link for calendar). ... For other uses, see Naples (disambiguation). ... This article is about the capital of France. ... For other uses, see England (disambiguation). ... Year 1898 (MDCCCXCVIII) was a common year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Monday of the 12-day-slower Julian calendar). ...

The period when the two men lived in Naples would later become quite controversial. Wilde claimed that Douglas had offered a home, but had no funds or ideas. When Douglas eventually did gain funds from his late father's estate, he refused to grant Wilde a permanent allowance, although he did give him occasional handouts. When Wilde died in 1900, he was relatively impoverished. Douglas served as chief mourner, although there reportedly was an altercation at the gravesite between him and Robert Ross. This struggle would preview the later litigations between the two former lovers of Oscar Wilde. Äž: For the film, see: 1900 (film). ... Robert Ross at twenty-four For other uses of this name, see Robert Baldwin (disambiguation). ...

Marriage

After Wilde's death, Douglas established a close friendship with Olive Eleanor Custance, an heiress and poet. They married on 4 March 1902 and had one son, Raymond Wilfred Sholto Douglas (Nov 17, 1902 - Oct 10, 1964). Olive Custance (1874 – 1944) was a British poet. ... is the 63rd day of the year (64th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1902 (MCMII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Tuesday [1] of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ... 17 November is also the name of a Marxist group in Greece, coinciding with the anniversary of the Athens Polytechnic uprising. ... Year 1902 (MCMII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Tuesday [1] of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ... October 10 is the 283rd day of the year (284th in Leap years). ... Also Nintendo emulator: 1964 (emulator). ...

In 1911 Douglas converted to Roman Catholicism. Year 1911 (MCMXI) was a common year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Saturday of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ... The Roman Catholic Church, most often spoken of simply as the Catholic Church, is the largest Christian church, with over one billion members. ...

Libel actions

Douglas started his "litigious and libellous career" (Murray p152) by obtaining an apology and fifty guineas each from the Oxford and Cambridge magazines The Isis and Cambridge for defamatory references to him in an article on Wilde.

He was a plaintiff and defendant in several trials for civil or criminal libel. In 1913 he accused Arthur Ransome of libelling him in his book Oscar Wilde: A Critical Study. He saw this trial as a weapon against his enemy Ross, not understanding that Ross would not be called to give evidence in the trial. Similarly he did not appreciate that when he urged Wilde to sue his father that his father’s character was not relevant to the case. The court found in Ransome's favour. In English and American law, and systems based on them, libel and slander are two forms of defamation (or defamation of character), which is the tort or delict of making a false statement of fact that injures someones reputation. ... Year 1913 (MCMXIII) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Gregorian calendar (or a common year starting on Tuesday of the 13-day-slower Julian calendar). ... Cover of Arthur Ransomes autobiography Arthur Mitchell Ransome (January 18, 1884 – June 3, 1967), was a British author and journalist, best known for writing the Swallows and Amazons series of childrens books, which tell of school-holiday adventures of children, mostly in the Lake District and the Norfolk...

In the most noted case, brought by Winston Churchill in 1923, Douglas was found guilty of libelling Churchill and was sentenced to six months in prison. Douglas had claimed that Churchill had been part of a Jewish conspiracy to kill Lord Kitchener, the British Secretary of State for War. Kitchener had died on June 5, 1916, while on a diplomatic mission to Russia: the ship in which he was travelling, the armoured cruiser HMS Hampshire, struck a German mine and sank west of the Orkney Islands. Despite this conflict, in 1941 he wrote a sonnet in praise of Churchill (Murray page 317). Churchill redirects here. ... The Earl Kitchener The Right Honourable Horatio Herbert Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener, KG, KP, GCB, OM, GCSI, GCMG, GCIE, ADC, PC (24 June 1850–5 June 1916) was a British Field Marshal, diplomat and statesman. ... The secretary of war in cabinet position was Henry Knox. ... is the 156th day of the year (157th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1916 (MCMXVI) was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar). ... The armored cruiser was a naval cruiser protected by armor on its sides as well as on the decks and gun positions. ... HMS Hampshire was a Devonshire-class armoured cruiser of the Royal Navy. ... The Orkney Islands, usually called simply Orkney, are one of the 32 council areas of Scotland. ... For other uses, see 1941 (disambiguation). ... Francesco Petrarca, or Petrarch, one of the best-known early Italian sonnet writers. ...

In 1924 while in prison, Douglas, in an ironic echo of Wilde's composition of De Profundis (Latin for "From the Depths") during his incarceration, wrote his last major poetic work, In Excelsis (literally, "in the highest" in Latin), which contains 17 cantos. Since the prison authorities would not allow Douglas to take the manuscript with him when he was released, Douglas had to write out the entire work from memory. For the rap album, see 1924 (album). ... De profundis (literally from the depths) are the first two words of the Latin translation of psalm 129 (130), one of the seven Penitential Psalms (psalms 6, 32, 38, 51, 102, 130, and 143): De profundis clamavi ad te Domine (From the depths, I cried to you, Lord!) De profundis... For other uses, see Latin (disambiguation). ... A canto is a significant section of a long poem or the highest part in a piece of choral music. ...

Douglas maintained that his health never recovered from his harsh prison ordeal, which included sleeping on a plank bed without a mattress. A pillow top queen-size mattress. ...

Repudiation and Reconciliation with Oscar Wilde

More than a decade after Wilde's death, with the release of suppressed portions of Wilde's De Profundis letter in 1912, Douglas turned against his former friend, whose homosexual practices he grew to condemn. In 1918, having been called as witness in Maud Allan's libel suit against a newspaperman, he described his old lover as "the greatest force for evil that has appeared in Europe during the last three hundred and fifty years." Douglas added that he intensely regretted having met Wilde, and having helped him with the translation of Salomé, which he described as "a most pernicious and abominable piece of work." Maud Allan (born circa April 23, 1873(?); died October 7, 1956 in Los Angeles, California) was an actress and dancer. ... Salomé, originally written in French in 1891 and translated into English, is a tragedy by the Irish-born playwright Oscar Wilde. ...

Following his own incarceration in prison in 1924, Douglas' feelings toward Oscar Wilde began to soften considerably. He said in Oscar Wilde: A Summing Up that “Sometimes a sin is also a crime (for example, a murder or theft) but this is not the case with homosexuality, any more than with adultery” (Murray p309-310). For other uses, see Sin (disambiguation). ... A young waif steals a pair of boots “Stealing” redirects here. ...

Later life

Throughout the 1930s and until his death, Douglas maintained correspondences with many people, including Marie Stopes and George Bernard Shaw. Anthony Wynn wrote the play Bernard and Bosie: A Most Unlikely Friendship based on the letters between Shaw and Douglas. One of Douglas's final public appearances was his well-received lecture to the Royal Society of Literature on 2 September 1943, entitled The Principles of Poetry, which was published in a limited edition of 1,000 copies. He attacked the poetry of T. S. Eliot, and the talk was praised by Arthur Quiller-Couch and Augustus John (Murray pages 318-319). The 1930s (years from 1930–1939) were described as an abrupt shift to more radical and conservative lifestyles, as countries were struggling to find a solution to the Great Depression, also known as the World Depression. ... Marie Stopes (October 15, 1880 - October 2, 1958) was a Scottish author, campaigner for womens rights and pioneer in the field of family planning. ... George Bernard Shaw (26 July 1856–2 November 1950) was an Irish dramatist, literary critic, and socialist. ... Anthony Wynn Anthony Wynn (born 1962, Eugene, Oregon) is an American author and playwright. ... The Royal Society of Literature is the senior literary organisation in Britain. External link The Royal Society of Literature Categories: Literature stubs | Literature of the United Kingdom ... Thomas Stearns Eliot, OM (September 26, 1888 – January 4, 1965), was a poet, dramatist and literary critic. ... Sir Arthur Thomas Quiller-Couch (November 21, 1863 - May 12, 1944) was a British writer, who published under the pen name of Q. Born in Cornwall, he was educated at Newton Abbot College, at Clifton College, and Trinity College, Oxford and later became a lecturer there. ... Artist John, on a 1928 Time cover Augustus Edwin John OM, RA, (January 4, 1878 – October 31, 1961) was a Welsh painter, draughtsman, and etcher. ...

Douglas's only child, Raymond, was diagnosed with schizoaffective disorder in 1927 and entered St. Andrews Hospital, a mental institution. He was decertified after five years and released from the hospital, but he suffered a subsequent breakdown and returned to the hospital. In February 1944, when Olive Douglas died of a cerebral haemorhage at the age of 67, Raymond was able to attend his mother's funeral and in June was again decertified and released from St. Andrews Hospital. However, his conduct rapidly deteriorated. He returned to St. Andrews in November where he stayed until his death on 10 October 1964.

Death

Douglas died of congestive heart failure on 20 March 1945 at the age of 74. He was buried at the Franciscan Monastery, Crawley, West Sussex on 23 March. He is interred alongside his mother, Sibyl, Marchioness of Queensberry, who died in 1937 at the age of 91. A single gravestone covers them both. Congestive heart failure (CHF), also called congestive cardiac failure (CCF) or just heart failure, is a condition that can result from any structural or functional cardiac disorder that impairs the ability of the heart to fill with or pump a sufficient amount of blood throughout the body. ... is the 79th day of the year (80th in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Year 1945 (MCMXLV) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar). ... is the 82nd day of the year (83rd in leap years) in the Gregorian calendar. ... Headstones in the Japanese Cemetry in Broome, Western Australia A cemetery in rural Spain A typical late 20th century headstone in the United States A headstone, tombstone or gravestone is a marker, normally carved from stone, placed over or next to the site of a burial. ...

Writings

Douglas published several volumes of poetry; two books about his relationship with Wilde, Oscar Wilde and Myself (1914; largely ghostwritten by T.W.H. Crosland, the assistant editor of The Academy and later repudiated by Douglas), Oscar Wilde: A Summing Up (1940); and a memoir, The Autobiography of Lord Alfred Douglas (1931).

Douglas translated The Protocols of the Elders of Zion in 1919, one of the first English language translations of that anti-Semitic work. He also was the editor of a literary journal, The Academy, from 1907 to 1910, and during this time he had a heterosexual affair with artist Romaine Brooks. 1992 Russian language imprint, adapting Eliphas Levis portrayal of Baphomet image The Protocols of the Elders of Zion (Russian: , see also other titles) is an antisemitic text, first published in 1903 in Russian, in Znamya (newspaper), that purports to describe a Jewish and Masonic plot to achieve world domination. ... The English language is a West Germanic language that originates in England. ... Wikipedia does not have an article with this exact name. ... Heterosexuality is a sexual orientation characterized by esthetic attraction, romantic love or sexual desire exclusively for members of the opposite sex or gender, contrasted with homosexuality and distinguished from bisexuality and asexuality. ... Romaine Brooks (May 1, 1874 – December 7, 1970), born Beatrice Romaine Goddard, was an American painter who specialized in portraiture and used a subdued palette dominated by the color gray. ...

There are six biographies of Douglas. The earlier ones by Braybrooke and Freeman were not allowed to quote from Douglas’s copyright work, and De Profundis was unpublished. Later biographies were by Rupert Croft-Cooke, H. Montgomery Hyde (who has also wrote about Oscar Wilde), Douglas Murray (who describes Braybrooke’s biography as "a rehash and exaggeration of Douglas’s book", i.e. his Autobiography). The most recent is Alfred Douglas: A Poet's Life and His Finest Work by Caspar Wintermans, from Peter Owen Publishers in 2007. Harford Montgomery Hyde (August 14, 1907 – August 10, 1989), born in Belfast, was a barrister, politician (Ulster Unionist MP for North Belfast) and author from Northern Ireland and early campaigner for homosexual law reform, losing his seat as a result. ... Oscar Fingal OFlahertie Wills Wilde (October 16, 1854 – November 30, 1900) was an Irish playwright, novelist, poet, and author of short stories. ... Douglas Murray can refer to a number of people: Douglas Murray (politician), a Canadian politician. ... Caspar Wintermans (born 1966, The Netherlands) is an author and scholar. ... Year 2007 (MMVII) is the current year, a common year starting on Monday of the Gregorian calendar and the AD/CE era in the 21st century. ...

Poetry

• Poems (1896)
• Tails with a Twist 'by a Belgian Hare' (1898)
• The City of the Soul (1899)
• The Duke of Berwick (1899)
• The Placid Pug (1906)
• The Pongo Papers and the Duke of Berwick (1907)
• Sonnets (1909)
• The Collected Poems of Lord Alfred Douglas (1919)
• In Excelsis (1924)
• The Complete Poems of Lord Alfred Douglas (1928)
• Sonnets (1935)
• Lyrics (1935)
• The Sonnets of Lord Alfred Douglas (1943)

Non-fiction

• Oscar Wilde and Myself (1914)
• Foreword to New Preface to the 'Life and Confessions of Oscar Wilde' by Frank Harris (1925)
• Introduction to Songs of Cell by Horatio Bottomley (1928)
• The Autobiography of Lord Alfred Douglas (1929; 2nd ed. 1931)
• My Friendship with Oscar Wilde (1932; retitled American version of his Autobiography)
• The True History of Shakespeare's Sonnets (1933)
• Introduction to The Pantomime Man by Richard Middleton (1933)
• Preface to Bernard Shaw, Frank Harris, and Oscar Wilde by Robert Harborough Sherard (1937)
• Without Apology (1938)
• Preface to Oscar Wilde: A Play by Leslie Stokes & Sewell Stokes (1938)
• Introduction to Brighton Aquatints by John Piper (1939)
• Ireland and the War Against Hitler (1940)
• Oscar Wilde: A Summing Up (1940)
• Introduction to Oscar Wilde and the Yellow Nineties by Frances Winwar (1941)
• The Principles of Poetry (1943)
• Preface to Wartime Harvest by Marie Carmichael Stopes (1944)

The play Oscar Wilde, written by Leslie & Sewell Stokes, is based on the life of the legendary Irish playwright Oscar Wilde in which Wildes friend, the controversial author and journalist Frank Harris, appears as a character. ... Leslie Stokes was an English playwright and BBC radio producer and director. ... Sewell Stokes (November 16, 1902 London - November 2, 1979 London) was an English novelist, biographer, playwright, and screenwriter. ...

Secondary sources

• Braybrooke, Patrick. Lord Alfred Douglas: His Life and Work (1931)
• Freeman, William. Lord Alfred Douglas: Spoilt Child of Genius (1948)
• Queensberry, Marquess of [Francis Douglas] and Percy Colson. Oscar Wilde and the Black Douglas (1949)
• Croft-Cooke, Rupert. Bosie: Lord Alfred Douglas, His Friends and Enemies (1963)
• Roberts, Brian. The Mad Bad Line: The Family of Lord Alfred Douglas (1981)
• Hyde, Mary, ed. Bernard Shaw and Alfred Douglas: A Correspondence (1982)
• Hyde, H. Montgomery. Lord Alfred Douglas: A Biography (1985) ISBN 0-413-50790-4
• Murray, Douglas. Bosie: A Biography of Lord Alfred Douglas (2000) ISBN 0-340-76771-5
• Fisher, Trevor. Oscar and Bosie: A Fatal Passion (2002) ISBN 0-7509-2459-4
• Fleming, Justin. The Cobra, a play, published by Xlibris in Coup d'Etat & Other Plays (2004) by Justin Fleming
• Michael Matthew Kaylor, Secreted Desires: The Major Uranians: Hopkins, Pater and Wilde (2006), a 500-page scholarly volume that considers the Victorian writers of Uranian poetry and prose, such as Douglas
• Smith, Timothy d'Arch. Love in Earnest. Some Notes on the Lives and Writings of English 'Uranian' Poets from 1889 to 1930. (1970) ISBN 0-7100-6730-5
• Wintermans, Caspar. Alfred Douglas: A Poet's Life and His Finest Work (2007) ISBN 0-7206-1207-5

Harford Montgomery Hyde (August 14, 1907 – August 10, 1989), born in Belfast, was a barrister, politician (Ulster Unionist MP for North Belfast) and author from Northern Ireland and early campaigner for homosexual law reform, losing his seat as a result. ... Justin Fleming (1953- ) is a playwright and writer. ... The Uranians were a relatively obscure group of pederastic poets who flourished between 1870 and 1930, particularly among the graduates of Oxford and Cambridge. ... Caspar Wintermans (born 1966, The Netherlands) is an author and scholar. ...

External links

• Unofficial Website of Lord Alfred 'Bosie' Douglas
• Douglas Estate Website

Notes