Lord George Murray

Lord George Murray (4 October 1694-11 October 1760) was a Scottish Jacobite general, most noted for his 1745 campaign under Bonnie Prince Charlie into England. Lord George was the fifth son of John Murray, 1st Duke of Atholl by his first wife, Catherine, daughter of the 3rd Duke of Hamilton. October 4 is the 277th day of the year (278th in Leap years). ... Events February 6 - The colony Quilombo dos Palmares is destroyed. ... October 11 is the 284th day of the year (285th in leap years). ... 1760 was a leap year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... This article is not about the Jacobite Orthodox Church, nor is it about Jacobinism or the earlier Jacobean period. ... // Events May 11 - War of Austrian Succession: Battle of Fontenoy - At Fontenoy, French forces defeat an Anglo-Dutch-Hanoverian army including the Black Watch June 4 – Frederick the Great destroys Austrian army at Hohenfriedberg August 19 - Beginning of the 45 Jacobite Rising at Glenfinnan September 12 - Francis I is elected... For the U.S. politician, see Charles E. Stuart Bonnie Prince Charlie Charles Edward Louis Philip Casimir Stuart (December 31, 1720 – January 31, 1788), was the exiled claimant to the thrones of Ireland, commonly known as Bonnie Prince Charlie. Charles was the son of James Francis Edward Stuart, the Old... The Most Noble John Murray, 1st Duke and 2nd Marquess of Atholl (b. ...

Early Life

Born at Huntingtower near Perth, Murray joined the army in Flanders in 1712 at the age of eighteen. Three years later against his father's wishes, he and his brothers, the marquis of Tullibardine and Lord Charles Murray joined the Jacobite rebels under the earl of Mar, with each brother commanding a regiment of the men of Atholl. Lord Charles was taken captive at Preston, but following the collapse of the rising, Lord George escaped with Tullibardine to South Uist, and thence to France. The Royal Burgh of Perth (Peairt in Scottish Gaelic) is a large burgh in central Scotland. ... This article is about the Belgian region Flanders and the eponymous historical region of the Low Countries. ... // Events Treaty of Aargau signed between Catholic and Protestants. ... The Highlands district of Atholl or Athole in the north of Perthshire in Scotland lies between Braemar, Badenoch, Breadalbane and Lochaber. ... Preston is a city and local government district in North West England. ...

In 1719, Murray was involved in Jacobite military affairs in the Western Highlands, where Tullibardine and the earl marischal had joined forces with Spaniards, which terminated in "The affair of Glenshiel" on the 10th June. Murray was wounded on the final day of combat whilst commanding the Jacobite right wing. He spent the next few months hiding in the Highlands and later made his way towards Rotterdam where he arrived in May, 1720. // Events January 23 - The Principality of Liechtenstein is created within the Holy Roman Empire April 25 - Daniel Defoe publishes Robinson Crusoe June 10 - Battle of Glen Shiel Prussia conducts Europes first systematic census Miners in Falun, Sweden find an apparently petrified body of Fet-Mats Israelsson in an unused... For other places named Rotterdam, see Rotterdam (disambiguation) Rotterdam ( ▶ (help· info)), located in the province of Zuid Holland, is the second largest municipality in the Netherlands (after Amsterdam), yet depending on the calculation methods the agglomeration in which Rotterdam is situated vies with the Amsterdam agglomeration for first spot in... // Events January 6 - The Committee of Inquiry on the South Sea Bubble publishes its findings February 11 - Sweden and Prussia sign the (2nd Treaty of Stockholm) declaring peace. ...

Little is known of Murray's life on the continent. Some scholars have theorised that he served in the Sardianian army, though there is no evidence to support this. He returned to Scotland in 1724 and was granted a pardon in the following year. In '24, the duke of Atholl passed away, and was succeeded in his title by his second son, James, owing to the attainer of Tullibardine. Following this, Lord George leased from his brother the old family property of Tullibardine in Strathearn and lived there until 1745. Sardinia (Sardigna, Sardinna or Sardinnia in the Sardinian language, Sardegna in Italian, Sardenya in Catalan), is the second largest island in the Mediterranean Sea (Sicily is the largest), between Italy, Spain and Tunisia, south of Corsica. ... Events January 14 - King Philip V of Spain abdicates the throne February 20 - The premiere of Giulio Cesare, an Italian opera by George Frideric Handel, takes place in London June 23 - Treaty of Constantinople signed. ... Strathearn or Strath Earn, (Scottish Gaelic, Srath Èireann) is the valley of the River Earn. ... // Events May 11 - War of Austrian Succession: Battle of Fontenoy - At Fontenoy, French forces defeat an Anglo-Dutch-Hanoverian army including the Black Watch June 4 – Frederick the Great destroys Austrian army at Hohenfriedberg August 19 - Beginning of the 45 Jacobite Rising at Glenfinnan September 12 - Francis I is elected...

In 1728, he married Amelia, daughter and heiress of James Murray of Strowan and Glencarse. They had three sons and two daughters.

• Sir John Murray, 3rd Duke of Atholl (6 May 1729-5 November 1774)
• Amelia Murray (17 May 1732-24 April 1777)

Prior to the Jacobite uprising of 1745, the duke of Perth made overtures to Murray on behalf of Charles Edward Stuart, but Murray was skeptical of the idea, even following Stuart's arrival in Scotland that July with the accompaniment of Tullibardine. On the 21st August, Murray accompanied his brother the duke to pay his respects to Sir John Cope, the commander of the government troops. During this visit, Cope appointed Murray Deputy-Sherrif of Perthshire. Given his later affiliations, it has been suggested both that Murray acted duplicitly towards Cope and that his hesitation regarding Stuart was genuine. Sir John Murray, 3rd Duke of Atholl KT PC (6 May 1729–5 November 1774) was the son of Lord George Murray. ... May 6 is the 126th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (127th in leap years). ... Events July 30 - Baltimore, Maryland is founded. ... November 5 is the 309th day of the year (310th in leap years) in the Gregorian Calendar, with 56 days remaining. ... 1774 was a common year starting on Saturday (see link for calendar). ... May 17 is the 137th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (138th in leap years). ... Events February 23 - First performance of Handels Orlando, in London June 9 - James Oglethorpe is granted a royal charter for the colony of Georgia. ... April 24 is the 114th day of the year in the Gregorian Calendar (115th in leap years). ... 1777 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ... John Cope could be John Cope (soldier), UK General during the 1745 Jacobite Uprising John Cope (politician), UK politician This is a disambiguation page — a list of pages that otherwise might share the same title. ... Perthshire is an traditional county in central Scotland, which extends from Strathmore in the east, to the Pass of Drumochter in the north, Rannoch Moor and Ben Lui in the west, and Aberfoyle in the south. ...

The Jacobite Cause

In September, when Stuart was at Blair Castle (vacated by the duke upon his advance), Murray publically espoused to the Jacobite cause. He wrote to his brother explaining that he did so for concientious reasons, realising the risk of ruin his actions carried with them. Upon joining the army, he was made Lieutenant-General but treated with suspicion by Stuart and his Irish advisors. Despite this, Murray exterted himself successfully at Perth, bringing discipline and order to his new army, winning the confidence of the Highland levies with whose ways he was familiar, and used his influence to prevent the exactions and arbritary interference with civil rights which others had counselled Stuart to implement. By the 21st September, Murray led the Jacobite left wing in person and was practically commander-in-chief of the force. Blair Castle Blair Castle is a castle in the village of Blair Atholl on Tayside in Scotland. ... Commander-in-Chief (in NATO-lingo often C-in-C or CINC pronounced sink) is the commander of all the military forces within a particular region or of all the military forces of a state. ...

Murray disagreed with Stuart's plans to invade England and counselled against them. Nevertheless, when the decision was made, he prevailed upon the Prince to march for Cumberland which hilly ground would be more favourable to highlander tactics, rather than an open assault against General Wade, whose army was posted at Newcastle. Murray conducted the seige of Carlisle but when the town was surrendered on the 14th November, he resigned his command on the grounds that his authority had been undermined by the Prince, and obtained permission to serve as a volunteer in the Atholl levies. The army however, were unhappy with his replacement, the duke of Perth, and so Stuart quickly reinstated Murray, who commanded the army on its march towards Derby. Whilst ocupying the city on the 5th December, Murray urged the Prince to retreat, citing the lack of support from France and English jacobites as factors against the success of the invasion. Murray now commanded the support of the council and so the retreat was agreed upon, but Stuart was furious at the decision and never forgave Murray. Despite this apparent lack of confidence, Murray's aide-de-camp, the chevalier James de Johnstone has been quoted as saying that, "had Prince Charles slept during the whole of the expedition, and allowed Lord George Murray to act for him according to his own judgement, he would have found the crown of Great Britain on his head when he awoke." Cumberland is one of the 39 traditional counties of England. ... It has been suggested that this article or section be merged into Newcastle (disambiguation). ... Map sources for Carlisle at grid reference NY3955 This article is about the English city. ... This article is about the city of Derby in England. ... An aide-de-camp (French: camp assistant) is a personal assistant, secretary, or adjutant to a person of high rank, usually a senior military officer or a head of state. ...

During the retreat, Murray commanded the rear-guard, a difficult task considering the proximity of English forces both to his rear and flank commanded in part by the duke of Cumberland, as well as the negative attitude of Stuart. At Clifton Moor, Murray turned and fought, enabling the army to reach Carlisle without loss of stores or war material, allowing them to advance to Stirling by the third of January 1746, where Stuart laid seige to Stirling Castle with the aid of reinforcements from Perth. Murray (who had counselled against this move) however, was kept busy with battle near Falkirk where he defeated General Hawley. Sickness and desertion were beginning to take their toll on his force however, and with the advancement of Cumberland, retreat to the Highlands was a necessity where Stuart was forced to acquiesce, angering him yet further, and causing him to accuse Murray of being a traitor. Murray's failure to capture the Atholl stronghold, Blair Castle, did nothing to refute this, though there seems to be little other than rumour and circumstance to back this claim up. Stirling (Sruighlea in Gaelic) is a city in central Scotland. ... Events January 8 - Bonnie Prince Charlie occupies Stirling April 16 - Battle of Culloden brings an end to the Jacobite Risings October 22 - The College of New Jersey is founded (it becomes Princeton University in 1896) October 28 - An earthquake demolishes Lima and Callao, in Peru Catharine de Ricci (born 1522... Stirling Castle (southwest aspect) Stirling Castle is an historic castle in Stirling, Scotland. ... Falkirk (An Eaglais Bhreac in Scottish Gaelic) is a town in central Scotland. ... Acquiesce is a B-side song by Oasis. ...

In April, the Jacobite army was near Inverness and the prince decided to give battle to Cumberland, despite the exhaustion prevalent throughout the army. He took up a position on the left bank of the Nairn river at Culloden Moor, despite Murray's counsel being to set up position on the opposite bank. The Battle of Culloden was the death blow to the Stuart cause, with the army being routed by the English. Cumberland told his troops on the following day that Murray had given orders that the English were to be shown no quarter, however seemingly original copies of Murray's orders were found in Cumberland's papers and contain no such injunction. Inverness (Inbhir Nis in Scottish Gaelic) is the only city in the Scottish Highlands. ... Nairn (Scottish Gaelic: Inbhir Narann) is a burgh in the Scottish Highlands, lying about fifteen miles east of Inverness. ... For the famous 18th century battle in Scottish history see Battle of Culloden and Culloden, Scotland. ... Combatants British Army Jacobites Commanders William Augustus Charles Edward Stuart Strength ca. ...

Following the defeat, Murray conducted a remnant of the of the Jacobite army to Ruthven with a mind to organise firther resistance. Stuart however, had decided to abandon the cause and Murray was issued a letter dismissing him from the prince's service. The general replied by upbraiding Stuart for his distrust and mismanagement. Ruthven may refer to: Ruthven railway station, Melbourne Ruthven, Iowa Ruthven Barracks This is a disambiguation page — a navigational aid which lists other pages that might otherwise share the same title. ...

Later life

Murray escaped to the continent in December 1746, and was well received in Rome by the prince's father, James Stuart, who granted him a pension. Despite the father's hospitality, when Murray journeyed to Paris the following year, the prince refused to meet with him. Events January 8 - Bonnie Prince Charlie occupies Stirling April 16 - Battle of Culloden brings an end to the Jacobite Risings October 22 - The College of New Jersey is founded (it becomes Princeton University in 1896) October 28 - An earthquake demolishes Lima and Callao, in Peru Catharine de Ricci (born 1522... Prince James Francis Edward Stuart or Stewart (June 10, 1688 – January 1, 1766) was a claimant of the thrones of Scotland and England (September 16, 1701 – January 1, 1766) who is more commonly referred to as The Old Pretender. ... The Eiffel Tower has become a symbol of Paris throughout the world. ...

Murray lived in numerous places on the continent over the next few years, and eventually died in Medemblik, Holland on the 11th October, 1760 at the age of 66. Medemblik (population: 8,037 in 2004) is a town in the north-western Netherlands, in the province of North Holland. ... 1760 was a leap year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ...

References

• http://www.geo.ed.ac.uk/scotgaz/people/famousfirst561.html Brief overview of Murray.
• http://www.englishmonarchs.co.uk/stuart_11.htm Article on Stuart. Small section on Murray.

This article incorporates text from the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica, a publication in the public domain. Text included has been adapted for Wikipedia - there are no direct transfers outside of quotage. Supporters contend that the Eleventh Edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica (1910-1911) represents the sum of human knowledge at the beginning of the 20th century; indeed, it was advertised as such. ... The public domain comprises the body of all creative works and other knowledge—writing, artwork, music, science, inventions, and others—in which no person or organization has any proprietary interest. ...