NationMaster - Encyclopedia: Lord Howe Island Group

Lord Howe Island is a small island in the Pacific Ocean 600 km (375 miles) east of Australia. The island is in the state of New South Wales, Australia. [1] - maps Image File history File links Flag_of_Lord_Howe_Island. ... Image File history File links Flag_of_Australia. ... Capital Sydney Government Const. ... A kilometer (Commonwealth spelling: kilometre), symbol: km is a unit of length in the metric system equal to 1,000 metres (from the Greek words Ï‡Î¯Î»Î¹Î± (khilia) = thousand and Î¼ÎÏ„ÏÎ¿ (metro) = count/measure). ... A mile is a unit of length, usually used to measure distance, in a number of different systems, including Imperial units, United States customary units and Swedish/Norwegian mil. ... Capital Sydney Government Const. ...

The Lord Howe Island group was inscribed as a World Heritage Site in 1982 in recognition of its unique beauty and biodiversity. Lord Howe Island Marine Park and Lord Howe Island Marine Park (commonwealth waters) protect the waters surrounding the island group. Balls Pyramid is a volcanic stack 16 km (10 miles) southeast of Lord Howe Island. ... A UNESCO World Heritage Site is a specific site (such as a forest, mountain, lake, desert, monument, building, complex, or city) that has been nominated and confirmed for inclusion on the list maintained by the international World Heritage Programme administered by the UNESCO World Heritage Committee, composed of 21 State... 1982 (MCMLXXXII) was a common year starting on Friday of the Gregorian calendar. ... Lord Howe Island Marine Park consists of the waters to 3 nautical miles off Lord Howe Island, Balls Pyramid and a New South Wales state marine park. ... Lord Howe Island Marine Park (commonwealth waters) is a 3000. ...

Geology

Lord Howe island is roughly crescent-shaped, about 10 km long and 1.5 km wide. It is an eroded remnant of a 6.9 million-year-old shield volcano. The crescent of the island protects a coral reef and lagoon. The Lord Howe seamount chain, defined by coral-capped guyots, extends to the north for 1000 km (600 mi), most likely the result of the Indo-Australian Plate moving northward over a stationary hotspot (see plate tectonics). This chain is one of a number of features found on the plateau known as the Lord Howe Rise. Shield volcano Mauna Kea, a shield volcano, on the Island of Hawaiâ€˜i with a light dusting of snow. ... Some of the biodiversity of a coral reef. ... This mid bay barrier in Narrabeen, a suburb of Sydney (Australia), has blocked what used to be a bay to form a lagoon. ... A seamount is a mountain rising from the seafloor that does not reach to the surface of the ocean. ... A guyot is a flat-topped seamount. ... The Indo-Australian plate, shown in dull orange The Indo-Australian Plate is an overarching name for two tectonic plates that include the continent of Australia and surrounding ocean extending northwest to include the Indian subcontinent and adjacent waters. ... In geology, a hotspot is a location on the Earths surface that has experienced active volcanism for a long period of time. ... Bridge across the ÃlfagjÃ¡ rift valley in southwest Iceland, the boundary of the Eurasian and North American continental tectonic plates. ... This article does not cite its references or sources. ... The Lord Howe Rise is a underwater plateau that lies 800 kilometres offshore from mainland Australia. ...

Mount Lidgbird (777m, 2548 feet) and Mount Gower (875 m, 2870 feet) dominate the south end of the island. They are both made of basalt rock, remnants of lava flows that once filled a large volcanic caldera. These lava flows occurred 6.4 million years ago, and were the last volcanic events on the island, which has subsequently eroded to what remains today. Basalt Columnar basalt at Sheepeater Cliff in Yellowstone Basalt (IPA: ) is a common gray to black volcanic rock. ... Look up lava, Aa, pahoehoe in Wiktionary, the free dictionary. ... Satellite image of Santorini. ...

Ball's Pyramid is a rocky islet located 16 km (10 mi) south of Lord Howe Island, and also the remnant of an eroded volcano. It is the largest of several volcanic stacks that form islets in the area. Balls Pyramid is a volcanic stack 16 km (10 miles) southeast of Lord Howe Island. ... Big Flowerpot, Canada Old Man of Hoy, Scotland Stack near Old Harry Rocks, England A stack is a geological landform consisting of a steep and often vertical column or columns of rock in the sea near a coast. ...

Flora and Fauna

Lord Howe island is a distinct terrestrial ecoregion, known as the Lord Howe Island subtropical forests. It is part of the Australasia ecozone, and shares many biotic affinities with Australia, New Guinea, and New Caledonia. Lord Howe Island was never part of a continent, and all of its flora and fauna colonized the island from across the sea. Almost half of the island's native plants are endemic. One of the best known is Howea, an endemic genus of palms (Arecaceae) that are commonly known as kentia palms and make handsome houseplants. Several million are exported annually providing the only major industry on the island apart from tourism. Another endemic feature of the island are the Glowing Mushrooms, that can be seen after heavy rain. Found in the Palm forests, they can be picked and last for a number of days glowing. To meet Wikipedias quality standards, this article or section may require cleanup. ... Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests, also known as tropical wet forests and tropical rainforests, are a tropical and subtropical forest biome. ... The Australasia Ecozone The Australasian ecozone â€“ is an ecological region that is coincident, but not synonymous (by some definitions), with the geographic region of Australasia. ... In biology and ecology endemic means exclusively native to a place or biota, in contrast to cosmopolitan or introduced. ... Species Howea belmoreana Howea forsteriana The Kentia palm or Thatch palm (Howea forsteriana) is endemic to Lord Howe Island. ... For other uses of the word, please see Genus (disambiguation). ... Genera Many; see list of Arecaceae genera Arecaceae (sometimes known by the names Palmae or Palmaceae, although the latter name is taxonomically invalid. ... Species Howea belmoreana Howea forsteriana The Kentia palm or Thatch palm (Howea forsteriana) is endemic to Lord Howe Island. ...

14 species of seabirds and 18 species of landbirds breed on the island group, including an endemic species, the Lord Howe Woodhen (Gallirallus sylvestris) and 3 endemic subspecies, the Lord Howe Golden Whistler (Pachycephala pectoralis contempta), the Lord Howe White-eye (Zosterops lateralis tephropleurus) and the Lord Howe Currawong (Strepera graculina crissalis). Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1024x683, 763 KB) Summary Licensing File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Lord Howe Island ... Image File history File links Download high resolution version (1024x683, 763 KB) Summary Licensing File links The following pages on the English Wikipedia link to this file (pages on other projects are not listed): Lord Howe Island ... Gallirallus sylvestris Sclater, 1869 The Lord Howe Island Rail, Gallirallus sylvestris, also known as the Lord Howe Rail or the Lord Howe Woodhen, is a flightless bird of the rail family (Rallidae). ... In zoology, as in other branches of biology, subspecies is the rank immediately subordinate to a species. ... Subfamilies Falcunculinae Pachycephalinae The family Pachycephalidae includes the whistlers, shrike-thrushes, shrike-tits, pitohuis and Crested Bellbird, and is part of the Australo-Papuan corvid lineage. ... Genera Cleptornis Heleia Hypocryptadius Lophozosterops Madanga Megazosterops Oculocincta Rukia Speirops Tephrozosterops Woodfordia Zosterops Apalopteron The white-eyes are small passerine birds native to tropical and sub-tropical Africa, southern Asia and Australasia. ... Species Stepera graculina Stepera versicolor Stepera fuliginosa Currawongs are medium-sized passerine birds of the family Artamidae native to Australasia. ...

A number of endemic bird species and subspecies have become extinct since the arrival of humans on the island. The Lord Howe Swamphen or White Gallinule (Porphyrio albus), the White-throated Pigeon (Columba vitiensis godmanae), Red-fronted Parakeet (Cyanoramphus novaezelandiae subflavescens) and the Tasman Booby (Sula tasmani) were eliminated by settlers during the nineteenth century. The accidental introduction of the Black Rat in the 1918 shipwreck of the Makambo triggered a second wave of extinctions including the Vinous-tinted Thrush (Turdus poliocephalus vinitinctus), the Robust White-eye (Zosterops strenuus) and the Lord Howe Starling (Alponis fusca hulliana), the Lord Howe Fantail (Rhipidura fuliginosa cervina) and the Lord Howe Gerygone (Gerygone insularis). In zoology, as in other branches of biology, subspecies is the rank immediately subordinate to a species. ... Binomial name Porphyrio albus (Shaw, 1790) The Lord Howe Swamphen (Porphyrio albus) was a large bird in the family Rallidae. ... Pigeon redirects here. ... Species Cyanoramphus auriceps Cyanoramphus malherbi Cyanoramphus novaezelandiae Cyanoramphus unicolor Cyanoramphus zealandicus(extinct) Cyanoramphus erythrotis Cyanoramphus saisetti Cyanoramphus cooki Cyanoramphus ulietanus(extinct) Kakariki or New Zealand Parakeets are the three most common species of parakeet in the genus Cyanoramphus, family Psittacidae. ... Trinomial name Sula (dactylatra) tasmani van Tets, Meredith, Fullagar & Davidson, 1988 The Tasman Booby (Sula (dactylatra) tasmani) was a large seabird of the gannet family, Sulidae, described from bones found on Norfolk and Lord Howe Islands in the Tasman Sea (van Tets et al 1988) that was believed to have... Binomial name Rattus rattus (Linnaeus, 1758) The Black Rat (Rattus rattus, also known as the Asian Black Rat, Ship Rat, Roof Rat or House Rat) is a common long-tailed rodent of the genus Rattus (Old World rodents) and the subfamily murinae (Murine rodents). ...

Only one native mammal remains on the islands, the Large Forest Bat (Eptesicus sagittula). The endemic bat species (Nyctophilus howensis) is known only from a skull and is now presumed extinct. The cause of its extinction may have been predation by Masked Owl, introduced to the island in the 1920s to control rats. The Masked Owl may also have caused the extinction of the Lord Howe Boobook (Ninox novaeseelandiae albaria). Subclasses Allotheria* Order Multituberculata (extinct) Order Volaticotheria (extinct) Order Palaeoryctoides (extinct) Order Triconodonta (extinct) Prototheria Order Monotremata Theria Infraclass Marsupialia Infraclass Eutheria The mammals are the class of vertebrate animals characterized by the production of milk in females for the nourishment of young, from mammary glands present on most species... Suborders Megachiroptera Microchiroptera See text for families. ... Binomial name Ninox novaeseelandiae ( Gmelin, 1788) The Southern Boobook (Ninox novaeseelandiae), also called the mopoke, is a small brown owl found mainly in New Zealand and the more fertile and temperate parts of Australia. ...

Two terrestrial reptiles are native to the island group: the skink (Leiolopisma lichenigera)) and the gecko (Phyllodactylus guentheri). Both are rare on the main island but more common on smaller islands offshore. The skink (Lampropholis delicata) and the Bleating Tree Frog (Litoria dentata) have been accidentally introduced from the Australian mainland in recent years. Genera manyâ€”see text Skinks are the most diverse group of lizards. ... Subfamilies Aeluroscalabotinae Eublepharinae Gekkoninae Teratoscincinae Diplodactylinae Geckos are small to moderately large lizards belonging to the family Gekkonidae which are found in warm climates throughout the world. ... Genera manyâ€”see text Skinks are the most diverse group of lizards. ... [[{{{diversity_link}}}|Diversity]] {{{diversity}}} Binomial name Litoria dentata Keferstein, 1790 Trinomial name {{{trinomial}}} Type Species {{{type_species}}} {{{subdivision_ranks}}} [[Image:{{{range_map}}}|{{{range_map_width}}}|]] Synonyms {{{synonyms}}} The Bleating Tree Frog (Litoria dentata) is a tree frog of the genus Litoria. ...

The Lord Howe Island stick insect (Dryococelus australis) disappeared from the main island soon after the introduction of Black rats. In 2001 a tiny population was discovered in a single (Melaleuca howeana) shrub on the slopes of Ball's Pyramid. Binomial name Dryococelus australis (Montrouzier, 1885) The Lord Howe Island stick insect was thought to be extinct by 1930, only to be rediscovered in 2001, this phenomenon is also known as the Lazarus effect. ...

Another endemic invertebrate, the Lord Howe Placostylus, has also been affected by the introduction of the black rat. Once common, the species is now endnagered and a captive breeding program is under way to save the snail from extinction.

Over 400 fish species are found in the waters around Lord Howe including 9 endemic to the region. Over 80 species of coral occur in the reefs surrounding the islands. Subclasses Alcyonaria Zoantharia See text for orders. ...

About 10 percent of Lord Howe Island's forests have been cleared for agriculture, and another 20 percent has been disturbed by domestic cattle and feral sheep, goats, and pigs. Despite a large number of introduced species that harm Lord Howe's native flora and fauna, goats have recently been eliminated from the island, the feral pig population has been reduced, and there are ongoing efforts to control rats, mice, and introduced plants. A recovery program has restored the Lord Howe Woodhen numbers from only 20 in 1970 to approximately 200. Binomial name Bos taurus Linnaeus, 1758 Cattle (often called cows in vernacular and contemporary usage, or kye as the Scots plural of cou) are domesticated ungulates, a member of the subfamily Bovinae of the family Bovidae. ... Species See text. ... Species See Species and subspecies The goat is a mammal in the genus Capra, which consists of nine species: the Ibex, the West Caucasian Tur, the East Caucasian Tur, the Markhor, and the Wild Goat. ... Species Sus barbatus Sus bucculentusâ€ Sus cebifrons Sus celebensis Sus domestica Sus falconeriâ€ Sus heureni Sus hysudricusâ€ Sus philippensis[1] Sus salvanius Sus scrofa Sus strozziâ€ Sus timoriensis Sus verrucosus Pigs, also called hogs or swine, are ungulates native to Eurasia collectively grouped under the genus Sus within the Suidae... Species 50 species; see text *Several subfamilies of Muroids include animals called rats. ... Feral mouse A mouse (plural mice) is a rodent that belongs to one of numerous species of small mammals. ...

History

Lord Howe Island was discovered on 17 February 1788 by HMS Supply, commanded by Lieutenant Ball, who was on his way from Botany Bay to Norfolk Island with convicts to start a penal settlement there. On his return journey on 13 March 1788 he sent a party ashore on the island. It was uninhabited, and it seems had not been known to any of the Polynesian peoples of the South Pacific. February 17 is the 48th day of the year in the Gregorian calendar. ... 1788 was a leap year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... Eight vessels of the British Royal Navy have been named HMS Supply. ... Henry Lidgbird Ball was a British Navy seaman, noted for discovering Lord Howe Island. ... For other Botany Bays see Botany Bay (disambiguation) Bicentennial Monument at Botany Bay Botany Bay is a bay in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia, a few kilometers south of the central business district. ... March 13 is the 72nd day of the year in the Gregorian calendar (73rd in leap years). ... 1788 was a leap year starting on Tuesday (see link for calendar). ... Australasia Australasia is a term variably used to describe a region of Oceania: Australia, New Zealand, and neighbouring islands in the Pacific Ocean. ...

Mount Lidgbird (above) on the island and the nearby Ball's Pyramid are named after Ball. The island itself was named after Richard Howe, 1st Earl Howe who was First Lord of the Admiralty. Balls Pyramid is a volcanic stack 16 km (10 miles) southeast of Lord Howe Island. ... Richard Howe, 1st Earl Howe (March 8, 1726 â€“ August 5, 1799) was a British admiral. ... The First Lord of the Admiralty was a British government position in charge of the Admiralty. ...

Many government ships sailing between New South Wales and Norfolk Island stopped at the island, as did some whaling and trading vessels. Some ships left goats and pigs on the island for food for future visitors but a permanent settlement wasn't established until 1834 at an area known today as Old Settlement. Capital Sydney Government Const. ... The crew of the oceanographic research vessel Princesse Alice, of Albert Grimaldi (later Prince Albert I of Monaco) pose while flensing a catch. ... Species See Species and subspecies The goat is a mammal in the genus Capra, which consists of nine species: the Ibex, the West Caucasian Tur, the East Caucasian Tur, the Markhor, and the Wild Goat. ... Species Sus barbatus Sus bucculentusâ€ Sus cebifrons Sus celebensis Sus domestica Sus falconeriâ€ Sus heureni Sus hysudricusâ€ Sus philippensis[1] Sus salvanius Sus scrofa Sus strozziâ€ Sus timoriensis Sus verrucosus Pigs, also called hogs or swine, are ungulates native to Eurasia collectively grouped under the genus Sus within the Suidae... 1834 was a common year starting on Wednesday (see link for calendar). ...

Until the 1970s there was no airstrip, and seaplanes landed on the lagoon surrounded by the coral reef. The 1970s decade refers to the years from 1970 to 1979, inclusive. ...

In 2002 the Royal Navy Destroyer HMS Nottingham struck Wolf Rock, a reef at Lord Howe Island, and was almost sunk. For album titles with the same name, see 2002 (album). ... The Royal Navy of the United Kingdom is the oldest of the British armed services (and is therefore the Senior Service). ... USS Lassen, an Arleigh Burke-class destroyer In naval terminology, a destroyer is a fast and maneuverable yet long-endurance warship intended to escort larger vessels in a fleet or battle group and defend them against smaller, short-range attackers (originally torpedo boats, later submarines and aircraft). ... HMS Nottingham (D91), is a batch two Type 42 Destroyer of the Royal Navy, named after the city of Nottingham, England. ... Wolf Rock, or sometimes spelt Wolfe Rock in the past, is a rock and reef east of Lord Howe Island. ...

References

The Australian Geographic is a quarterly geographic magazine created by Dick Smith in 1986. ...

External links

Image File history File links Commons-logo. ... The National Maritime Museum, Greenwich The National Maritime Museum (NMM) is the leading maritime museum of the United Kingdom, and one of the most important in the world. ... Map of Earth showing lines of latitude (horizontally) and longitude (vertically), Eckert VI projection; large version (pdf, 1. ...

World Heritage Sites in Australia

Central Eastern Rainforest Reserves | Fossil Mammal Sites: Naracoorte and Riversleigh | Fraser Island | Great Barrier Reef | Greater Blue Mountains Area | Heard and McDonald Islands | Kakadu | Lord Howe Island Group | Macquarie Island | Purnululu | Royal Exhibition Building and Carlton Gardens | Shark Bay | Tasmanian Wilderness | Uluru-Kata Tjuta | Wet Tropics of Queensland | Willandra Lakes Region Image File history File links Flag_of_Australia. ... Elabana Falls is in Lamington National Park, part of the Central Eastern Rainforest Reserves World Heritage site in Queensland, Australia. ... Box Log Falls, Lamington National Park, Queensland, Australia. ... Naracoorte Caves is a national park in South Australia (Australia). ... Riversleigh, in North West Queensland, is a 100 kmÂ² area containing fossil remains of ancient mammals. ... This article or section is not written in the formal tone expected of an encyclopedia article. ... The Great Barrier Reef is the worlds largest coral reef system,[1][2] composed of roughly 3,000 individual reefs and 900 islands, that stretch for 2,600 kilometres (1,616 mi) covering an area of approximately 344,400 kmÂ².[3][4] The reef is located in the Coral... The Greater Blue Mountains Area was inscribed on the World Heritage List at the 24th Session of the World Heritage Committee, held in Cairns from 27 November to 2 December 2000. ... Wikinews has news related to: Volcanic activity expands McDonald Island off Australia Orthographic projection centred over the Heard Islands Heard Island and McDonald Islands (HIMI) are uninhabited, barren islands located in the Southern Ocean at , about two-thirds of the way from Madagascar to Antarctica. ... Kakadu National Park is in the Northern Territory of Australia, 171 km east of Darwin. ... Orthographic projection over Macquarie Island Macquarie Island lies in the Southern Ocean, about half-way between Australia and Antarctica. ... Purnululu National Park is in Western Australia, 2054km northeast of Perth. ... The Royal Exhibition Building from the main avenue of the Carlton Gardens The Royal Exhibition Building, viewed from the west The Royal Exhibition Building is located in Melbourne, Australia. ... The Royal Exhibition Building in the Carlton Gardens The Carlton Gardens is a World Heritage Site located on the northeastern edge of the Central Business District in the suburb of Carlton, in Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. ... DIE!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!Italic text ... The Tasmanian Wilderness is a World Heritage Area in Tasmania, Australia. ... Uluru-Kata Tjuta is a national park in the Northern Territory of Australia, 1431 km (890 miles) south of Darwin. ... The Wet Tropics of Queensland World Heritage Site is an umbrella name for a series of National Parks stretching for 450 km along the north east coast of Australia, from Townsville to Cooktown, bordering the Great Barrier Reef, itself another World Heritage site. ... The Willandra Lakes Region is a World Heritage Site that covers 2,400 square kilometres in south-western New South Wales. ...

Contents

Geology GA_googleFillSlot("encyclopedia_square");

Flora and Fauna

History

References

External links

Geology